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Cambridge IGCSE™
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* 0 8 0 9 3 5 4 8 1 8 *
BIOLOGY 0610/62
Paper 6 Alternative to Practical February/March 2024
1 hour
at
You must answer on the question paper.
No additional materials are needed.
INSTRUCTIONS
●
●
Answer all questions.
H
Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
a
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.
ad
INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 40.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
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50
DC (DE/SG) 328328/4
4Equilibgt.in
This document has 12 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.
Equal
© UCLES 2024 [Turn over
Question 1
en4iHeYs sincoseconc
Ya 899fi ai iiY 2
to measure yaxisjaf.fi edqnctyangetimetakentor bluecolourto
disappear
1
variable
A student investigated the effect of glucose concentration on the rate of anaerobic respiration in
yeast.
Anaerobic respiration in yeast breaks down glucose to form ethanol and carbon dioxide.
Anaerobic respiration in yeast causes the blue dye, methylene blue, to become colourless. The
time taken tothe
v for measure
blue colour to disappear can be used as a measure of the rate of anaerobic
respiration in yeast.
percentageconc
it Civ C2V2
The student used this method:
Glucose
concentration ffeeqffg.se tftf
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Step 1 Label one test-tube 0.0%, one test-tube 0.5% and one test-tube 1.0%.
Step 2 Put 5.0 cm3 of water into the test-tube labelled 0.0%. its
Step 3 Put 2.5 cm3 of 1.0% glucose solution and 2.5 cm3 of water into the test-tube labelled
0.5%.
at
Step 4 Put 5.0 cm3 of 1.0% glucose solution into the test-tube labelled 1.0%.
error inconsistentstirring improvement magnetic stirrer
Step 5 Stir the contents of the beaker containing the yeast suspension with the glass rod.
whist.ir mixyeast sincose evenconc.fase
3
Step 6
a
Add 5.0 cm of the yeast suspension to each of the test-tubes labelled 0.0%, 0.5% and
1.0%.
variable to control
H volume ofyeast
Step 7 Put all three test-tubes into a water-bath at 40 °C.
ng retro ftp.tpfrgfyfefdsnithfafntained
Step 8
variableto control
Start the stop-clock and wait for three minutes.
improvement then'M blighterbath
a
Step 9 After three minutes, remove the test-tubes from the water-bath and place them in a
test-tube rack.
ofmeasuringvolume
ad
pipette improvement useaccuratemeans

Step 10 Use a er ror to add one drop of methylene blue dye to each of the test-tubes.
pipette
Carefully mix the contents of each test-tube with the glass rod.
error inconsistent mixing
contamination fLIFE
Step 11 Use a second pipette to slowly add a layer of oil to each of the test-tubes.
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The layer of oil will float on top of the yeast suspension and methylene blue mixture, as
shown in Fig. 1.1.
layer of oil
1.0 cm
to maintain
anaerobic
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conditions
test-tube contents
2
Fig. 1.1
status
suite
LIST RULE
in order overwriting
© UCLES 2024 0610/62/F/M/24
tnocont
188k
correct dfffswe.at no
fullmark
rd in
correct incorrect contradiction
Menna
3
Step 12 Put the test-tubes back into the water-bath and restart the stop-clock.
v measure
to time taken for the blue colour in each of the test-tubes to disappear.
Step 13 Measure the
Record the time taken in seconds for each test-tube.
The student stopped timing if the blue colour had not disappeared after 10 minutes. They recorded
this result as >600 in their table.
7600
The stop-clocks from step 13 are shown in Fig. 1.2.
600sec 362 132
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1min 60sec minutes:seconds minutes:seconds minutes:seconds
romins
___
10 60
at
0.0% 0.5% 1.0%
Fig. 1.2
(a) (i)
H
Prepare a table to record the results of the investigation.
Convert the times on the stop-clocks shown in Fig. 1.2 to seconds and record these
times in your table.
axis labels yaxis results
a
for thebluecolourto
ak p ear
ad
testtube timed
seconds
0.01 7600
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0 5 362
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1 01 132
[4]
© UCLES 2024 0610/62/F/M/24 [Turn over

Description results As glucoseconc time taken
Eliot conclusion P f8qqtf.at 4As glucose
conc 1 resp rate
(ii) State a conclusion for the results of this investigation.
a greater rate of respiration at higher glucose

...........................................................................................................................................
concentration
...........................................................................................................................................
As glucoseconcentrationincrease
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) State the independent variable in this investigation.
concentration ofglucose
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
em
(iv) State one variable that was kept constant in this investigation. methyleneblue me
volumeof yeast total of
volume glucose and urater [1]
.....................................................................................................................................
volume height type of time for
(v) Explain why it was yeast equilibratigan
important to stir the yeast suspension in step 5.
perature
uniform distribution of yeast cells
at
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
H
(b) One way to improve this investigation would be to use an increased number of different
concentrations of glucose.
(i)
nevertwo WAYS
Suggest two other ways to improve this
MANY
investigation.
DESTROY results
foreney.fi fffiHof
a
Repeat at least three times
1 ........................................................................................................................................
If Ruin
ad
...........................................................................................................................................
take 036 experiment
average
...........................................................................................................................................
Use aces to identify endpoint

2 ........................................................................................................................................
do experiment one concentration at a time

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...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
volume sering Badbutdontrnipggs.usts
[2]
IN 0
(ii) 3
Describe how you would make 5.0 cm of 0.25% glucose solution using a 0.50% glucose
solution and distilled water.
TFinal Is
D
solute Solution
...........................................................................................................................................
s.am
CNick
Eff
...........................................................................................................................................
no ...........................................................................................................................................
2.5 finalcone If
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2024 0610/62/F/M/24
I
5
(iii) Describe the method you would use to test a solution for the presence of glucose.
Benedict's solution
...........................................................................................................................................
heat at 802
...........................................................................................................................................
present colour will change from blue to brickred

...........................................................................................................................................
absent will remain free

...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
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(c) A student investigated the effect of temperature on the rate of respiration in yeast at 25 °C
and 35 °C.
In one experiment, the student measured the volume of carbon dioxide produced by the yeast
every 5 minutes for a total of 30 minutes.
at
(i) Describe suitable apparatus that could be used to collect and measure the volume of
carbon dioxide produced.
Gas syring
...........................................................................................................................................
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inverted measuring cylinder
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
The student did three experiments at each temperature. They used the results to calculate
the mean volume of carbon dioxide produced.
a
Part of the student’s results table for the experiments at 35 °C is shown in Table 1.1.
ad
Table 1.1
time volume of carbon dioxide produced at 35 °C / cm3

/ minutes experiment 1 experiment 2 experiment 3 mean
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15 1.8 3.2 2.0 1.9
(ii) The student decided that the result of one of the experiments shown in Table 1.1 was
anomalous.
State what is meant by an anomalous result.
A result thatttnt fit the

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pattern
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]

6
(iii) Describe how the student calculated the mean volume of carbon dioxide produced
shown in Table 1.1.
did not include sample 2 in calculation

...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
The results of the whole investigation about the effect of temperature on the rate of
respiration in yeast at 25 °C and 35 °C are shown in Table 1.2.
em
Tisixis
Table 1.2
mean volume of
taxis
mean volume of
EE
time carbon dioxide carbon dioxide
/ minutes produced produced
at 25 °C / cm3 at 35 °C / cm3
at
temp
tenzymes 10
5 0.0
0.0
0
0.1
0.8
reaction 15 0.1 1.9
slow 20
H0.2 2.7
25 0.5 3.2
0
30 1.1 3.2
a
(iv) Using the data in Table 1.2, compare the mean volumes of carbon dioxide produced at
25 °C and 35 °C.
ad
mean volume Carbon of dioxide is Higherthan 35C

...........................................................................................................................................
the volume of CO2 at 352 levels off

...........................................................................................................................................
between 25 and 3 minutes

...........................................................................................................................................
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first five minutes no co2 produced at 25

...........................................................................................................................................
at 352 at all times carbon dioxide is [2]

.....................................................................................................................................
froduced
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It
© UCLES 2024 0610/62/F/M/24
1
7
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(v) Plot a line graph on the grid of mean volume of carbon dioxide produced against time,
using all of the data in Table 1.2.
You will need to plot the data for each temperature as separate lines on your graph.
Include a suitable key.
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3 0
at
ggggÉÉᵈÉ 2 5
Key
2 0
H 25 0
352
a
1 5
ad
1 0
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0 5
iii
98 20
time minutes
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label units
[5]
(vi) Estimate the time taken to produce 3.0 cm3 of carbon dioxide at 35 °C.
Show on the graph how you obtained your estimate.
23
.................................................. minutes
[2]
8
(d) Carbon dioxide gas was bubbled through hydrogencarbonate indicator solution.
The indicator was red before the gas was bubbled through.
State the colour change that would occur.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
yellow
[Total: 27]
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9
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10
2 (a) Fig. 2.1 shows epidermal cells from a red onion.

P Q
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LESS
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magnification 340
Fig. 2.1
a
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© UCLES 2024 0610/62/F/M/24

friagamiustayernocells 11
(i) Draw a large diagram of the cell labelled X in Fig. 2.1.
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REST
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[4]
a
(ii) Line PQ on Fig. 2.1 represents the length of cell X.
ad
Measure the length of line PQ on Fig. 2.1.
80
length of PQ ............................................... mm
Calculate the actual length of cell X using the formula and your measurement.
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length of line PQ in Fig. 2.1

magnification = actual length of cell X
Give your answer to three significant figures.
Space for working.

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actual
i
0.235
......................................................... mm
[3]
12
(b) Water moves into and out of cells by osmosis.

v tochange
Plan an investigation to determine the effect of the concentration of sodium chloride solution
on osmosis in plant tissue.
potato weight
tenth mass
Get 5potato sticks fromthesamepotato All 5 sticksshould
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
each potato stick in a clean drytest tube petridish

...................................................................................................................................................
em
...................................................................................................................................................
test tubes in the same temperature temperature should

...................................................................................................................................................
be maintained
by thermostatically controlled waterbath
...................................................................................................................................................
Add to each test tube equalvolumes of different

...................................................................................................................................................
at
concentrations of sodium chloride 91 2 31 4
...................................................................................................................................................
and 51 leavetest tubes for 15minutes After15

...................................................................................................................................................
minutes measure final of potatosticks

H mass
...................................................................................................................................................
using electric balance Repeat at least three

times
...................................................................................................................................................
for every concentration cut potatosticks using

...................................................................................................................................................
sharp tool on a flat surface awayfromhand [6]

a
a
.............................................................................................................................................
wear eye goggles
ad
[Total: 13]
The cops ofsodium s ftp si

fratosticks
VitocontroN volume farpotato
of sodium chloride
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easurffhffsta.tt
I ertur.m
imgur.ie time
Fcc final weight
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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.
Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2024 0610/62/F/M/24

Cambridge Assessment International Education
Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
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* 6 6 1 4 3 3 4 2 6 7 *
BIOLOGY 0610/61
Paper 6 Alternative to Practical
10minutes May/June 2019
At 551 PM 1 hour
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
at
No Additional Materials are required.
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST H

Write your centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
bestexamhelp.com
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

a
Electronic calculators may be used.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
ad
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
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This syllabus is regulated for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.
This document consists of 12 printed pages and 4 blank pages.
DC (ST/CT) 170506/3
2
BLANK PAGE
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© UCLES 2019 0610/61/M/J/19

3
v to measure
1 A student measured the distance moved by different concentrations of citric acid solution through
agar jelly.
The agar contained Universal Indicator which changed colour in the presence of acid. The agar
mixed with Universal Indicator was green at the beginning of the investigation.
Step 1 Three test-tubes were labelled A, B and C. Three different concentrations of citric acid
solution were made.
Table 1.1 shows the volumes of 5% citric acid solution and distilled water that were used to make
each solution.
em
Table 1.1
solution
A B C
volume of 5% citric acid solution / cm3 1.0 2.0 10.0
at
volume of distilled water / cm3 9.0 8.0 0.0
percentage concentration of citric acid solution

H 0.5 1.0 5.0
Step 2 The base of a Petri dish containing agar and Universal Indicator was labelled A, B and C.
Three holes were cut into the agar. This is shown in Fig. 1.1.
A
agar and Universal Indicator
a
Petri dish base
hole cut into the agar
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C B
not to scale
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Fig. 1.1
Step 3
contamination error dropsof
different
The student was provided with one dropping pipette. Three drops of solution A were
placed into the hole in section A of the Petri dish.
improvement
Step 4 Three drops of solution B were placed into the hole in section B of the Petri dish.
84
Step 5 Three drops of solution C were placed into the hole in section C of the Petri dish.
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Step 6 A stop-clock was started.
Step 7
error colours are subjective
After 30 minutes the student observed the colour change
imp colorimeter
in the agar around the hole in
each section of the Petri dish. The colour change was caused by the diffusion of the citric
acid solution through the agar.
Step 8 A ruler was used to measure the distance travelled by each concentration of citric acid
solution through the agar.
© UCLES 2019 0610/61/M/J/19 [Turn over

4
Fig. 1.2 shows the appearance of the Petri dish after 30 minutes.
0.3
referee Key:
green agar
red agar
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0.6 0.5
yellow agar
C B hole with no agar
at
H Fig. 1.2
(a) Use a ruler to measure the distance travelled by each concentration of citric acid solution
after 30 minutes in Fig. 1.2.
Record these results in your table in 1(a)(i).

a
(i) Prepare a table to record the results.
ad
You should include:

• the concentration of the citric acid solutions
• the distance travelled by the citric acid solutions.
Hole percentage distancetravelled by

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section iffier citric acid solutions mm
A 0.5 3
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B 1.0 5
C 5.0 6
[3]
© UCLES 2019 0610/61/M/J/19

5
(ii) Describe how you decided where to measure the distance travelled by the citric acid
solutions.
from edge of hole to edge of the red circle

...........................................................................................................................................
using aruler
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) State a conclusion for these results.
the higher the of

concentration solution the further
em
...........................................................................................................................................
the acid moves

...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv) The citric acid moves through the agar by diffusion. The diffusion coefficient is used to
show the effect of concentration on diffusion.
at
The formula to calculate the diffusion coefficient is:
(distance travelled)2
diffusion coefficient =
time
H
Calculate the diffusion coefficient for a 10% solution of citric acid that travelled 14 mm in
30 minutes.
Give your answer to two significant figures.
Space for working.

a
9412 6 53
diffusion coefficient
ad
30
6 5
...................................... mm2 per minute
[2]
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(v) Universal Indicator is used to estimate the pH value of substances.
Estimate the pH value for the green agar and the red agar.
7
green agar pH ................................................................
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2
red agar pH ................................................................
[2]

6
(b) (i) State two variables that have been kept constant in this investigation.
number of drops citric of acid typeof indicator

1 ........................................................................................................................................
typeof agar volume of indicator

2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]
temperature time
(ii) Identify one potential source of error in this investigation and suggest how the error could
affect the results.
dropsize
error ...................................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................................
effect on results .................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
at
[2]
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TF
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7
(c) Describe how you could adapt this method to find the effect of temperature on the rate of
diffusion. Agar melts at 70 °C.
Get volumes of thesame typeofagar.pl ace

equal
...................................................................................................................................................
Get 5 Petridishes of the same size Placeequalvolumes

...................................................................................................................................................
of the same typeof agar in each petridish label Petri

...................................................................................................................................................
dishes A B C D and E Make holes in each agar

...................................................................................................................................................
of equal sizes Mix equal volumes of the
em
same
...................................................................................................................................................
concentration and
type of universal indicator with
...................................................................................................................................................
agar in each petri dish eachpetri dish should be

...................................................................................................................................................
placed in adifferent temperature of 10 20 301 40,502

...................................................................................................................................................
at
respectively maintain temperature using thermostatically
...................................................................................................................................................
controlled water bath leave for 10 minutes for

...................................................................................................................................................
equilibration Add equalvolumes 1cm of citric

H
...................................................................................................................................................
acid of same concentration and pH into each hole

...................................................................................................................................................
leave for 5 minutes measure diameter of colourchange

...................................................................................................................................................
a
around holes measure time taken to reach [6]
E
.............................................................................................................................................
specified diameter
Repeat at least[Total: 19]
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three times for every temperature and

take average wear eye goggles gloves
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temperature intain temp

variabletochange
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indicator
variables to control typeof indicator volumeof of
concentration of indicator type
volumeof agar size of
agar
holes citric acid concentration
volume time fixed time
measure distance
petridishes
diameter
variable to measure
8
2 (a) Fig. 2.1 is a photomicrograph of a cross-section of part of a leaf.
A
IT epidermis
IIII.is spongy
em
B e
magnification ×100
PLANDIAGRAM Fig.OUTLINE
2.1 DIAGRAM
f
DIAGRAM
(i)
IIER.aa.o.a.ae
Draw a large diagram to show the layers present in the leaf section shown in Fig. 2.1.
at
Do not draw any cells.
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a
Inner
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fine
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[3]
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© UCLES 2019 0610/61/M/J/19

9
(ii) Measure the thickness of the leaf along the line AB on Fig. 2.1.
47 mm
length of line AB .......................................
Calculate the actual thickness of the leaf using your measurement and the formula.
Include the units.

length of line AB on Fig. 2.1
magnification =
actual thickness of leaf
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0.41
actual
4
0 41 mm
................................................................
at
[3]
(iii) Fig. 2.2 shows a photomicrograph of cells from one type of tissue found in leaves.
H
a
ad
magnification ×300
Fig. 2.2
Label the layer on your drawing, with the letter X, to show where this type of tissue is
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found. [1]
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10
(b) Scientists carried out an investigation into the effect of light on the growth of leaves.
Plants of the same species (A) were grown in three different light intensities.
The plants were grown in the same soil and kept in glasshouses with automatic watering.
A sample of 100 leaves was selected at random and collected from plants in each of the three
b
different light intensities. A total of 300 leaves were collected.
e
The scientists studied the variations in the size and structure of the leaves in each sample.
em
(i) Suggest why the scientists used large samples of leaves.
as ...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
D (ii)
t.ES fit
Suggest why the leaves in each light intensity were selected at random.
ii
at
Foia
...........................................................................................................................................
so that a comparison can be made

.....................................................................................................................................
H [1]
(iii) A grid, divided into millimetre squares, was used to measure the surface area of the
leaves.
Outline how the grid could have been used.
Place the leaf under atransparent grid

a
...........................................................................................................................................
count the squares that are fullycovered

...........................................................................................................................................
ad
count number of squares that are halfcovered

...........................................................................................................................................
anddivide by 2 calculate area of one

..................................................................................................................................... [2]
square andmultiply variable) number of squares covered
(iv) State the variable that was changed (independentby in this investigation.
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lightintensity
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
C2
2020106 1
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apr 64B
papersix
40
my
40
600
BIOLOGY 200
marks
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12
(c) The scientists collected data from one other plant species (B).
Table 2.1 shows the results.
i
Table 2.1
M
light intensity / average leaf area / mm2
arbitrary units species A species B
Bhirt
BAR
100 3600 2800
em
q
50 3900 3400
10 6500 2900 CHART

(i) Calculate the percentage difference in the average leaf area for species A from a light
intensity of 50 arbitrary units to 10 arbitrary units.
at
Show your working and give your answer to the nearest whole number.
9
8 8 H neyjdxioo.is
xioo
It'd
.............................................................%
[2]
a
new 100
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© UCLES 2019 0610/61/M/J/19

13
(ii) Plot a bar chart on the grid to show the average leaf area for species A and B, at each
light intensity.
7000
Key
6000 species A
species B
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5000
1
1
4000
2
at
Ehart
83000
I
is
H categories
2000
1 1
a
9600
I inbar
ad
chart
100
intensity arbitraryunits
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light
[4]
(iii) Describe the trends shown in your graph for species A and species B.
in Species A as the light intensity decreases the

...........................................................................................................................................
D
average leaf area increases from to units

...........................................................................................................................................
in species B as the light

intensitydecreases
...........................................................................................................................................
average area increases peaks at soon and

...........................................................................................................................................
then decreases from to units

..................................................................................................................................... [2]
IIED IN
20206230
catogries
banana Ale range
14
(iv) The scientists want to determine more precisely the light intensity that results in the
largest leaf area for species B.
Suggest how the method used in the investigation could be modified to achieve this.
measure leaf growth at narrower rangeof

...........................................................................................................................................
light intensities at 50 on
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
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[Total: 21]
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species
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wide intervals
repeat using narrower5
© UCLES 2019
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To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.
Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2019 0610/61/M/J/19

Cambridge International Examinations
em
* 7 6 6 0 9 1 0 5 0 8 *
BIOLOGY 0610/63
Paper 6 Alternative to Practical May/June 2018
1 hour
at

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
bestexamhelp.com

a
ad
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D
This syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.
This document consists of 11 printed pages and 1 blank page.
DC (LK/CGW) 145572/4
2
1
v tochange
A student investigated the effect of different concentrations of salt solution on a hollow plant stem.
They were provided with a 2% salt solution and distilled water. The student used these to make up
different concentrations of salt solution.
Step 1
Step 2
Four test-tubes were labelled 1, 2, 3 and 4.
G tagging concentrations
The information in Table 1.1 was used to make up the four different salt solutions in the
test-tubes.
Table 1.1
em
test-tube
CI
volume of 2% salt volume of distilled final percentage
solution / cm3 water / cm3 concentration of salt
solution
1 0 20 0.0
2 5
IT 15
0.5
at
3 10 10 1.0
4 20 H 0 2.0
(a) (i) Complete Table 1.1 by calculating the final percentage concentration of the salt solution
in test-tube 2.
C V C2 V2
Space for working. 2 5 C2 20
C2 0.5
21
a
[1]
ad
Step 3 The contents of each test-tube were poured into four Petri dishes labelled 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Step 4
Hazard
A hollow stem was cut into 12 rings using a sharp scalpel. Each stem ring was
approximately 2 mm long, as shown in Fig. 1.1.
error differentsizes
precaution 994 shift
a
area 2 mm long section of hollow stem
rN
differenties cutaway
fromhand
F.EE 2
D
Fig. 1.1
3 et
© UCLES 2018 0610/63/M/J/18

3
Step 5 Each stem ring was then cut open as shown in Fig. 1.2.
em
dish
9key reach Petri
0
7818 9
Fig. 1.2
stemring tochange
at
Step 6
0
Three cut stem rings were put into each of the different salt solutions in the labelled Petri
dishes and left for 10 minutes.
variableto control time at 10minutes

H
a
ad
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4
Fig. 1.3 shows the appearance of the cut stem rings after 10 minutes.
17cm
Petri dish 1 stater
life Petri dish 2
0.5
i.im
ʰʰI
em
wage Petri dish 3 Petri dish 4
most
Coenztrate
C
at
fighthofwater
cellsbecometurgid
water
Fig. 1.3
H 1055
Step 7 The distance between the two cut ends of each stem ring can be measured, as shown in
Fig. 1.4.
In the example shown in Fig. 1.4 the distance is 12 mm.

a
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
ad
r i
Fig. 1.4
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in.iq
gnwgaatY
D
turgid turgid
increase
in
© UCLES 2018 Sthength 0610/63/M/J/18
5
(ii) Measure the gap between the cut ends of all of the stem rings shown in Fig. 1.3.
Prepare a table in the space provided and record your measurements in your table.
Your table should show:
• all of your results

• a calculated average for each solution.
labels
em
Petridish distansfehef.ge 3tsfehmdfingf9mhm averagedistance mm
I 2 3
1 77 21 19 3
at
20
2 11 13
H 13 92 3
3 7 12 10 9 6
a
ad
4 1 1 9 9 0
[4]
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(iii) Use Table 1.1 and your measurements to describe the results shown in Fig. 1.3.
thehigher the salt concentration the smaller

...........................................................................................................................................
the gap
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
D
(b) Identify one hazard in step 4 and describe a suitable safety precaution.
use of scalpel cutting

hazard .......................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
out
on solidsurface away fromebody
precaution .................................................................................................................................
use a sharp tool to avoid

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
© UCLES 2018 0610/63/M/J/18
struggle [Turn over
6
(c) Explain why more than one ring of the hollow stem was placed into each Petri dish.
find an average
to
...................................................................................................................................................
to see if results are comparable

...................................................................................................................................................
to find anomalous results

...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(d) (i) State the variable that was changed (independent variable) in this investigation.
em
salt concentration
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Identify two variables that were kept constant in this investigation.
number ofrings species ofplant

1 ........................................................................................................................................
volume of solution lengthof stem
at
2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]
soaking
(e) There are potential errors in steps 4 and 7. H
Identify two of these errors and suggest an improvement for each.
error 1 .......................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
a
improvement 1 ..........................................................................................................................
ad
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
error 2 .......................................................................................................................................
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...................................................................................................................................................
improvement 2 ..........................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[4]
D
© UCLES 2018 0610/63/M/J/18

7
(f) Fig 1.5 shows a section through a hollow plant stem observed through a light microscope.
em
magnification ×50
Fig. 1.5
Measure the length of AB on Fig. 1.5. Include the unit.
at
29 mm
measured length of AB on Fig. 1.5 ....................................
Calculate the actual length of AB using the following equation:

H
measured length of AB
magnification =
actual length of AB
a
Show your working.
ad
A L 0 50
n
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0 58mm
................................................................
[3]
[Total: 20]
D

8
2 Fig. 2.1 shows an image of a monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus.
head
forewing
em
hindwing
at
magnification ×1
Fig. 2.1
H
(a) Make a large drawing of one of the hindwings of the monarch butterfly shown in Fig. 2.1.
a
ad
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[4]
© UCLES 2018 0610/63/M/J/18

9
(b) Fig 2.2 shows an image of a viceroy butterfly, Limenitis archippus.
em
magnification ×1
Fig. 2.2
Describe one visible similarity and two visible differences between the viceroy and the
monarch butterflies’ wings.
at
similarity ....................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
H
difference 1 ...............................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
difference 2 ...............................................................................................................................
a
...................................................................................................................................................
[3]
ad
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10
(c) A student investigated the relationship between the body mass of monarch butterflies and the
length of their forewings. The student recorded the data for five butterflies in Table 2.1.
Table 2.1
butterfly body mass / g forewing length / mm

A 0.2 38
B 0.3 42
C 0.5 50
em
D 0.7 58
E 0.8 62
(i) Plot a graph on the grid to show the relationship between body mass and forewing
length.
at
H
a
ad
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[4]
(ii) Describe the relationship shown on the graph.
...........................................................................................................................................
D
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
© UCLES 2018 0610/63/M/J/18

11
(iii) A student found a monarch butterfly with a forewing length of 55 mm. Use the graph to
estimate the body mass of this butterfly.
Show on the graph how you obtained your answer.
............................................................. g
[2]
(d) Adult monarch butterflies feed on nectar. Nectar is a liquid that is produced by plants.
em
Plan an investigation to determine the types of food molecules that nectar contains.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
at
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
H
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
a
...................................................................................................................................................
ad
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
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...............................................................................................................................................[6]
[Total: 20]
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© UCLES 2018 0610/63/M/J/18

12
BLANK PAGE
em
at
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a
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To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International
Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after
the live examination series.
Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2018 0610/63/M/J/18

Cambridge International Examinations
em
* 3 5 8 5 1 4 1 6 4 8 *
BIOLOGY 0610/62
Paper 6 Alternative to Practical February/March 2018
1 hour
at

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
bestexamhelp.com

a
ad
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D
This syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.
This document consists of 10 printed pages and 2 blank pages.
DC (ST/SW) 145586/4
2
1 A student investigated the effect of temperature on water uptake in celery stalks.
Water is transported in the xylem tissue in plant stems.
Step 1 One celery stalk was placed into a beaker containing warm red stain. Another celery
stalk was placed into a beaker containing cool red stain.
This is shown in Fig 1.1.
xylem
tissue
em
celery
stalk
beaker
red stain
at
H
Fig. 1.1
Step 2 Both celery stalks were left in the red stain for 10 minutes.
a
Step 3 After 10 minutes the celery stalks were removed from the red stain.
Step 4 A 5 mm section was cut from the end of the celery stalk which had been in the warm red
ad
stain, as shown in Fig. 1.2.
section cut
in this direction
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end that was

in the red stain
Fig. 1.2
Step 5 The section was inspected for the presence of the red stain in the xylem tissue in the
celery stalk, as shown in Fig. 1.3.
D
xylem tissue
Fig. 1.3
© UCLES 2018 0610/62/F/M/18

3
Step 6 If the red stain was visible in the cut section, another 5 mm section was cut and the
process repeated until no red stain was visible in the cut section. This allowed the student
to estimate how far the red stain had moved up the celery stalk.
Step 7 Steps 4 to 6 were repeated for the celery stalk which had been in the cool red stain.
(a) (i) State one safety precaution that should be taken while carrying out this method.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
em
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) he stu ent’s results are sho n in i
number of 5 mm sections cut from the celery stalk in warm

red stain – 11
at
number of 5 mm sections cut from the celery stalk in cool red
stain – 5
H Fig. 1.4
Prepare a table and record your results in your table, in the space provided.
Your table should include:
• the temperature (cool or warm) of the red stain

a
• the number of sections that were stained in 10 minutes
• the total distance moved by the red stain in 10 minutes.
ad
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[3]
D
(iii) Use the data to calculate the rate of movement of the red stain in the celery stalk at each
temperature.
Space for working
warm ...................................... mm per minute
cool ...................................... mm per minute

[2]
4
(iv) State a conclusion for these results.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) State two variables which were kept constant in this experiment.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
em
2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) One way of improving the method used in this investigation would be to repeat it a number of
times.
at
Identify two other sources of error in this investigation.
For each error, suggest an improvement to minimise the effect of the error.
error 1 .......................................................................................................................................
H
...................................................................................................................................................
improvement 1 ..........................................................................................................................
a
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
ad
error 2 .......................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
improvement 2 ..........................................................................................................................
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...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[4]
D
© UCLES 2018 0610/62/F/M/18

5
(d) Some farmers wanted to investigate the effect of humidity on the rate of transpiration in celery
plants.
Fig. 1.5 shows celery plants being harvested.
em
at
H Fig. 1.5
One method of measuring the rate of transpiration is to record how long it takes a red stain to
travel up the xylem tissue in a celery stalk that still has its leaves attached.
a
Plan an investigation to determine the effect of humidity on the rate of movement of water
through leafy celery stalks.
ad
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
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...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
D
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[6]
[Total: 19]
6
2 Fig. 2.1 shows a photomicrograph of a bronchus, surrounded by alveoli and other tissues, in the
lung.
em
A B
at
bronchus lumen
alveoli
H bronchus wall
Fig. 2.1
a
(a) (i) Make a large drawing of the bronchus shown in Fig. 2.1.
Do not include any of the alveoli or other tissues in your drawing. Do not label your
ad
drawing.
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D
[4]
© UCLES 2018 0610/62/F/M/18
7
(ii) The diameter of the bronchus in Fig. 2.1 is shown by the line AB.
Measure the length of AB on Fig. 2.1. Include the units.
length of AB on Fig. 2.1 ............................................
The actual diameter of the bronchus in Fig. 2.1 is 1.5 mm.
The magnification of the bronchus in Fig. 2.1 can be calculated using the following
equation:
em
length of AB on Fig. 2.1
magnification =
actual diameter of the bronchus
Calculate the magnification of the bronchus in Fig. 2.1.
Give your answer to the nearest whole number.
at
Space for working.
H
................................................................
[2]
a
ad
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D

8
(b) A student investigated the effect of exercise on breathing rate.
The breathing rates of five people were measured at rest and after running for different
periods of time. The people rested between each period of running.
The results are shown in Table 2.1.
Table 2.1
breathing rate / breaths per minute
em
running
time person
/ minutes average
one two three four five
0 20 24 22 26 28 24
at
2 32 31 28 32 32 31
4 39 41 38 42 40
6 46 52
H 52 46 44 48
8 48 50 52 46 44 48
10 49 51 51 46 43 48
a
(i) Complete Table 2.1 by calculating the average breathing rate for four minutes of running.
ad
Space for working.

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[1]
(ii) The student thought that the result for person two at six minutes was an anomaly.
Suggest what the student should do to determine if the result is anomalous.
...........................................................................................................................................
D
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
© UCLES 2018 0610/62/F/M/18

9
(iii) Plot a graph, on the grid, to show the relationship between running time and the average
breathing rate. Draw a line of best fit.
em
at
H
a
ad
[4]
(iv) Use your graph to estimate the average breathing rate for one minute of the running.
Show on the graph how you obtained your answer.

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............................................................[2]
(v) Use your graph to describe the relationship between running time and the average
breathing rate.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
D
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[3]

10
(c) (i) Suggest one safety precaution for this investigation.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) State two variables that should be kept constant during this investigation.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
em
...........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
at
(iii) State the variable that has been changed (the independent variable) in this investigation.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
H [Total: 21]
a
ad
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D
© UCLES 2018 0610/62/F/M/18

11
BLANK PAGE
em
at
H
a
ad
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D
© UCLES 2018 0610/62/F/M/18

12
BLANK PAGE
em
at
H
a
ad
rN
D
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International
Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after
the live examination series.
Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2018 0610/62/F/M/18

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pipette improvement useaccuratemeans

Record the time taken in seconds for each test-tube.

© UCLES 2024 0610/62/F/M/24 [Turn over

a greater rate of respiration at higher glucose

(iii) State the independent variable in this investigation.

Use aces to identify endpoint

do experiment one concentration at a time

© UCLES 2024 0610/62/F/M/24

present colour will change from blue to brickred

absent will remain free

time volume of carbon dioxide produced at 35 °C / cm3

15 1.8 3.2 2.0 1.9

State what is meant by an anomalous result.

A result thatttnt fit the

© UCLES 2024 0610/62/F/M/24 [Turn over

did not include sample 2 in calculation

mean volume Carbon of dioxide is Higherthan 35C

the volume of CO2 at 352 levels off

between 25 and 3 minutes

first five minutes no co2 produced at 25

at 352 at all times carbon dioxide is [2]

© UCLES 2024 0610/62/F/M/24

Include a suitable key.

Show on the graph how you obtained your estimate.

State the colour change that would occur.

© UCLES 2024 0610/62/F/M/24

© UCLES 2024 0610/62/F/M/24 [Turn over

2 (a) Fig. 2.1 shows epidermal cells from a red onion.

© UCLES 2024 0610/62/F/M/24

(i) Draw a large diagram of the cell labelled X in Fig. 2.1.

Measure the length of line PQ on Fig. 2.1.

length of line PQ in Fig. 2.1

Space for working.

(b) Water moves into and out of cells by osmosis.

each potato stick in a clean drytest tube petridish

test tubes in the same temperature temperature should

Add to each test tube equalvolumes of different

and 51 leavetest tubes for 15minutes After15

minutes measure final of potatosticks

using electric balance Repeat at least three

for every concentration cut potatosticks using

sharp tool on a flat surface awayfromhand [6]

The cops ofsodium s ftp si

© UCLES 2024 0610/62/F/M/24

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST H

Answer all questions.

This document consists of 12 printed pages and 4 blank pages.

© UCLES 2019 0610/61/M/J/19

volume of 5% citric acid solution / cm3 1.0 2.0 10.0

percentage concentration of citric acid solution

Step 6 A stop-clock was started.

© UCLES 2019 0610/61/M/J/19 [Turn over

C B hole with no agar

Record these results in your table in 1(a)(i).

You should include:

Hole percentage distancetravelled by

section iffier citric acid solutions mm

© UCLES 2019 0610/61/M/J/19

from edge of hole to edge of the red circle

(iii) State a conclusion for these results.

the higher the of

the acid moves