UNDS FINALS

• LEARNING TO BE A BETTER STUDENT

➢ BECOMING A BETTER STUDENT
- As a person growth is an inevitable goal and change will
always be present in what we do. As such, for students,
the need to understand that just barely passing the
different subject and graduating after is not necessarily
the best option for successfully landing you dream job
or becoming successful in the world of work. It is also
important to note that being a student does not
necessarily mean that the only thing you have to do is to
read books, go to class, or prepare and answer tests,
these things may be the usual things expected for a
student to do in school, but understanding that the
preparation for real life endeavors may start in class
room, but not necessarily end there
- In terms of having freedom in the classroom, there are
several things that needs to be noted, one of which is in
the freedom of the students towards their choices of
what to learn as well as how they are going to use such
learning in real life situations. Aside form having a good
learning environment where the needs of the students
are being met, the students should also understand the
value of what they are learning and why they are
learning those (Kujjpers, Meijers, Gundy, 2011)
- To become a better student, several things are needed
to be done, aside from just listening from the
discussions and following the directions taught by the
teachers a student should be able to have a better
understanding of what they are doing, have the ability
to recognize and sort the different information that they
are encountering, and to be able to have a certain level
of understanding on the concepts that they are studying
 in which could result for better application and
appreciation of such learnings
➢ TIPS TO BECOME A BETTER STUDENT
1. PREPARE BEFORE GOING TO SCHOOL
- Always try to research or read the next lesson, do your
assignments at home or before going to school, eat
and have a proper rest before going to school
- In preparation for school not only your assignments, or
making sure that you have all the tools you need for
class ready and prepared but to also make sure to have
your body prepared by making sure to have enough
rest and eating as to ensure that you as a student have
enough energy to go through the entire day
2. USE DIFFERENT RESOURCES
- Aside from books provided for the class, don’t forget
to use the library, and the internet. Using different
resources will enable you as a student to access more
information and be able to learn the latest learnings
and information related to the subject matter that you
are studying
3. BE CRITICAL AND MAKE LEARNING PERSONAL
- Know what you are learning, why you are learning and
how they are important to you and your plans in life
- By being critical tot eh information that you acquire
you will be able to appreciate more their value and be
able to apply and relate them to your situation and let
these learning help you to be able to achieve your
goals
4. ASK HELP
- The school may focus on the interaction between the
teachers and students but the institution is comprised
of more than what or who are inside the class room
and the people in the school from the guidance office,
 librarian, registrar, etc. and even people outside the
school such as your parents and friends or other
professionals can help you as a student to break
limitation, ease the difficulties that is brought about by
the requirements of the curriculum
5. DO OTHER THINGS
- The school provides co-curricular or extracurricular
activities, join clubs, or school groups to widen your
experiences as a student. Not only can you have better
relationships which will translate to more help in the
future, but an active body and mind that may or may
not necessarily related to school work can also help a
students to balance their lifestyle and maintain a
healthy body and mind

• SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS

➢ BANDURA’S SELF EFFICACY
- Albert Bandura, one of the most renowned
psychologist. He has made significant contributions to
all branches of psychology. Self-Efficacy Theory is part
of his Social cognitive Theory (Social Learning Theory)
which is a fundamental to positive psychology
- Self-efficacy is commonly defined as the belief in one’s
capabilities to achieve a goal or an outcome. It is the
belief to influence events that affect one’s life and
control the way these events are experienced (Bandura,
1994)
- Students with high self-efficacy may more likely to
challenge themselves with difficult tasks and be highly
motivated to achieve the task. They put high degree of
effort and will do everything in their power to meet
their commitments. Self-efficacious their personal goal.
 However, student with low self-efficacy, believe that
they cannot be successful and will less likely to make
extended effort and may consider challenging task to be
avoided. They have low aspirations and may result from
poor academic performances
➢ FOUR WAYS TO BUILD SELF EFFICACY
1. MASTERY EXPERIENCE
- Every experience is not always positive outcome. It
may also bring future. This experience’s will help us
build resilience thru treating failure as learning
opportunity and chance to reach our goal with
different approach
2. SOCIAL MODELING
- Observing those who practice high self-efficacy in their
lives and who have reached their goals despite
hardships can provide great motivation to a person.
Bandura notes that it is necessary to draw role-models
from one’s own social surroundings. In this age,
internet and social media can be big source of
employing role-models
3. SOCIAL PERSUASION
- It is about finding the right mentor. Social persuasion
is about having other’s (role model) directly influence
one’s self-efficacy by providing opportunities to master
experience. These social persuasion may are mentors
that are knowledgeable and practices what they
preach
4. STATES OF PHYSIOLOGY
- Our own emotions, moods, and physical state can
influence our interpretation of self-efficacy. Having
feeling of tensions, anxiety and weariness can lower
our self-efficacy. Positive emotion can help build
positive insight for high self-efficacy to a person
➢ DWECK-MINDSET THEORY
- Another learning theory that explains persons acquiring
of intelligence and realizing his/her goals is the Mindset
Theory by Carol S. Dweck. She is a psychologist from
Stanford University that tries to explain the way to
understand the effects of learning and education to a
person
- Dweck proposed that people hold for the nature and
the cause of intelligence have several implications,
specifically, the way the person motivates himself to
learn and practice. “Mindset” is a term used by Dweck
to explain the assumptions, methods, or notations held
by one or more people or group of people. It represents
the cognitive processes activated in response to a given
task
- There are two kinds of mindset, the fixed and growth
mindset. FIXED MINDSET (before termed as entity
mindset) is an innate or in-born personality of a person.
It is basically “who you are”, how god made you. And
GROWTH MINDSET (or the incremental mindset),
where people believe that training and an effort to
learn can change one’s qualities and traits. When a
parent constantly attribute the child’s success to inborn
or innate ability, children will come to develop a fixed
mindset (e.g. Pedro failed the math exam because he
finds the math subject as his weakness) Thus, praising
his success to performance will be attributing the
success to child’s intelligence. However, when the
child’s success in school was particularly attributed to
the child’s effort to review to pass the test, I can be
then be that the child has developed a growth mindset.
(e.g. Pedro failed the math exam because he did not
review for the test)
 - It is said that acquiring a growth mindset is much better
kind of mindset because it attributes success to learning
and continuous practice. Thus, the individual is not
afraid of failure, it only directs the person to need to
practice more, pay attentions, invest on effort, and
master new learning. The person then be more
confident to face challenges and believe in him/herself
that he will improve his performance
➢ GOAL SETTING THEORY
- Most people would probably agree the goal setting is
one of the main ingredient for a person to succeed. It is
a powerful way of motivating people and motivating
yourself. Dr. Edwin Locke pioneers a research in 1960s’
about setting goals. This theory was more known to
work or industrial setting, much from where the SMART
goal originated. It was also then after several years he
collaborated with Dr. Gary Latham to a seminal work “A
Theory of Goal Setting and Task Performance”
- Goal Setting Theory states that there is a relationship
between how difficult and specific a goal was and the
people’s performance task. He found that specific and
difficult goals led to better task performance than vague
or easy goals
- Motivating words such as “Try Hard” or “Do your best”
is less effective than phrases such as “try to get more
than 80% correct” or “try beating your best score”.
Having goal that is too easy is not motivating force than
hard and specific goals
➢ FIVE PRINCIPLES OF GOAL SETTING
a. CLARITY – clear, measurable and unambiguous
(specific) goals
b. CHALLENGE – set a level of challenge to beat
yourself with
 c. COMMITMENT – the more harder the goal, the
more commitment is required
d. FEEDBACK – listen to feedback from people to
provide opportunities to clarify expectations, adjust
goal difficulty and gain recognition
e. TASK COMPLEXITY – the more complicated and
demanding the role would give high level of
motivation to a person

• TAKING CHARGE OF ONE’S HEALTH

➢ STRESSORS AND RESPONSES
- STRESS is person’s response to events that threaten
them. A student can experience various kinds of
deadline from deadline of project or exam, family
problem, peer pressure to the complex stress such as
ever changing environment or terrorist attack. Event he
pleasant events, such as preparing for a party or starting
a sought-after job can produce stress
- In recent years, focus on this issue has been broadened
as psychology came to see stress and coping in broader
context, health psychology, a never subfield of
psychology, investigates the psychologist factors such as
stress of different kind and in different situation. It also
includes coping mechanism, prevention, diagnosis and
treatment
➢ STRESS EFFECT ON THE BODY
Muscle tension Heartburn or acid reflux
Tension-type headache and Ulcer
migraine headache
Difficulty in breathing Severe stomach pain
Asthma Diarrhea
Increased heartrate Constipation
Stronger contraction of the Increased respiration rate
heart muscle
Elevated blood pressure Dilated blood vessel in the
arms and legs
Heart attack Affects testosterone
production
Stroke Sperm production
Inflammation of the Erectile dysfunction
respiratory system
Elevated epinephrine and Absent o irregular menstrual
cortisol hormones cycle
Uncontrolled blood glucose Difficult premenstrual
level symptoms
➢ STRESS AND FILIPINOS: THE SOCIAL AND CULTURAL
DIMENSION OF STRESS
- Stress is the non-specific response of the body to any
demand placed upon it (Selye, 1926). Stress is an
individual’s physiological and/or psychological reaction
to the real and imagined demands of life. It is the way a
person reacts physically and emotionally to change. On
the other hand, culture is best defined as a highly
complex, continually changing system of meaning that is
learned, shared, transmitted and altered from one
generation to another (Triandis, 1995)
- Stress has turned into an unavoidable truth, and for a
few, the day by day standard. However, incidental stress
can help enhance our concentration and execution,
living with incessant stress can reverse discharge by
causing uneasiness, discouragement, and serious
medical issues. Stress affects the body’s immune
system. Filipinos experience stress and results to
illnesses, physical and mental, fleeting and serious and
life-threatening. This can also lead to depression and
other maladaptive behavior that can be harmful to self
and others. On the other hand, stress can be mediated
through culture. For instance, Filipinos have various
threshold and ways to cope with stressors.
Concurrently, men and women express emotion in
different patterns. Women deal with stressful situation
through tiis (endurance) and kimkim (repression). Me`n
are less expressive than women and prone to confront
“political economy of stress” (Tan, 2006). Thus, culture
influences how people react to stressors