TAGORE ACADEMY PUBLIC SCHOOL


ENGLISH PROJECT
SESSION 2024-2025
NAME – MUSKAN nagar
CLASS- 12C
ROLL NO- 27
SUBMITTED TO- MRS. MEENA MAM
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am very thankful to my English teacher Mrs. Meena Mam
Who helped me in analysis of this project made my concept
More clear and enhance my knowledge about the topic .

I am very thankful to my principal classmate and my friend

Whose guidance and support helped me to complete this
Project on time . I am also thankful to CBSE for giving me
such an opportunity for making this project and
giving appropriate instruction for completing the project

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Muskan Nagar of class-XII Tagore
Academy Public School , Faridabad has completed this
Project under my supervision .She has taken proper
and sincerity of this project . I certify that this is up to
my expectation and as per the guideline issued by
C.B.S.E

Teacher‘s Signature
 INDEX
S. NO PATICULARS  PAGE REMARK

1. INTRODUCTION 1

2. WAR HISTORY 2-4

3. EFFECTS OF WAR 5-10

i. LONG TERM EFFECTS
ii. ON THE ECONOMY
iii. POLIYICALLY
iv. ON THE SOCIETY
v. ON MILITARY MAN
4. WORLD WAR II 11--12

5. ROLE OF HITLER IN 13-14

WWRII

6. STARTING OF WWR II 15

7. ENDING OF WWR II 16

8. LAND CAPTURED BY 17-18

NAZI GERMANY
9. QUESTIONNARIE 19-21

10. CONCLUSION 22

11. BIBLIOGRAPHY 23
 INTRODUCTION

of considerable duration and magnitude. . They treat war as
an institution recognized in custom or in law. Military
writers usually confine the term to hostilities in which the
contending groups are sufficiently equal in power to render
the outcome uncertain for a time. Armed conflicts of
powerful states with isolated and powerless peoples are
usually called pacifications, military expeditions, or
explorations; with small states, they are called interventions
or reprisals; and with internal groups, rebellions
or insurrections. Such incidents, if the resistance is
sufficiently strong or protracted, may achieve a magnitude
that entitles them to the name ―war.‖
 WAR HISTORY

World War I or the First World War (28 July
1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global
conflict between two coalitions: the Allies and
the Central Powers. Fighting took place
throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa,
the Pacific, and parts of Asia. One of
the deadliest wars in history, it resulted in an
estimated 9 million soldiers dead and 23 million
wounded, plus up to 8 million civilian deaths
from numerous causes including genocide. The
movement of large numbers of troops and
civilians during the war was a major factor in
spreading the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic.
The first recorded use of the term First World
War was in September 1914 by German biologist
and philosopher Ernst Haeckel who stated,
"There is no doubt that the course and character
of the feared 'European War' ... will become the
first world war in the full sense of the word." It
was later used as a title for his 1920 memoirs by
Lt-Col. Charles à Court Repington.
Before World War II, the events of 1914–1918
were generally known as the Great War or
simply the World War. In August 1914, the
magazine The Independent wrote "This is the
Great War. It names itself". In October 1914, the
Canadian magazine Maclean's similarly wrote,
"Some wars name themselves. This is the Great
War.
War, in the popular sense, a conflict between political groups
involving hostilities of considerable duration and magnitude. In
the usage of social science, certain qualifications are
added. Sociologists usually apply the term to such conflicts only if
they are initiated and conducted in accordance with socially
recognized forms. They treat war as an institution recognized in
custom or in law. Military writers usually confine the term to
hostilities in which the contending groups are sufficiently equal in
power to render the outcome uncertain for a time. Armed conflicts
of powerful states with isolated and powerless peoples are usually
called pacifications, military expeditions, or explorations; with
small states, they are called interventions or reprisals; and with
internal groups, rebellions or insurrections. Such incidents, if the
resistance is sufficiently strong or protracted, may achieve a
magnitude that entitles them to the name ―war.‖ In all ages war
has been an important topic of analysis.
EFFECTS OF WAR

killed in armed conflicts were children. The
widespread trauma caused by these atrocities and
suffering of the civilian population is another legacy of
these conflicts, the following creates extensive
emotionThe effects of war are widely spread and can
be long-term or short-term. Soldiers experience war
differently than civilians. Although both suffer in times
of war, women and children suffer the most in
particular. In the past decade, up to two million of
those al and psychological stress. Present-day internal
wars generally take a larger toll on civilians than state
wars. This is due to the increasing trend where
combatants have made targeting civilians a strategic
objective
LONG TERM EFFECTS

Based on 1860 census figures, 8% of all white American males
aged 13 to 50 died in the American Civil War. Of the 60 million
European soldiers who were mobilized in World War I, 8 million
were killed, 7 million were permanently disabled, and 15 million
were seriously injured.
Estimates for the total casualties of World War II vary, but most
suggest that some 60 million people died in the war, including
about 20 million soldiers and 40 million civilians. The Soviet
Union lost around 27 million people during the war, about half of
all World War II casualties. The largest number of civilian deaths
in a single city was 1.2 million citizens dead during the 872-
day Siege of Leningrad.
 ON THE ECONOMY

The economy may suffer devastating impacts during and
after a time of war.] In 2012 the economic impact of war
and violence was estimated to be eleven percent of gross
world product (GWP) or 9.46 trillion dollars.] Everyday
activities of a community or country are disrupted and
property may be damaged. When people become
misplaced, they cannot continue to work or keep their
businesses open, causing damages to the economy of
countries involved. A government may decide to direct
money to fund war efforts, leaving other institutions with
little or no available budget.
In some cases war has stimulated a country's economy
(World War II is often credited with bringing America out of
the Great Depression).
 POLITICALLY

When war strikes it ends up affecting government
structures along with the people in power of the
government. Many times, one regime is removed and
new forms of government are put into place . This can
be seen in the Second Liberian Civil War where rebels
had removed the current leader, Charles Taylor, and with
the help of the United Nations deployed a new
democratic form of government that stands for equal
rights and even had a woman president in Ellen
Johnson Sirleaf. These changes in government also
changes the way the country behaves economically.
 ON SOCIETY

International humanitarian law (IHL), also known
as the laws of war and the law of armed conflict, is
the legal framework applicable to situations of
armed conflict and occupation. As a set of rules and
principles it aims, for humanitarian reasons, to limit
the effects of armed conflict". International
humanitarian law works to limit the effects of war
and will protect the people who do not participate
in such hostilities. Most wars have resulted in a
significant loss of life. Conflict characterizes a major
obstacle for the Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs), particularly for the universal completion of
primary education and gender equality in
education.
 ON MILITARY MAN

 Often suffer mental and
physical injuries, including
depression, posttraumatic
stress disorder, disease,
injury, and death.
 Additionally, it has been
estimated anywhere from
18% to 54% of Vietnam war
veterans suffered
from posttraumatic stress
disorder.
 Military Man subject to
combat in war o
 WORLD WAR II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September
1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between
two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. Nearly all of
the world's countries, including all of the great powers,
participated in the conflict, and many invested all
available economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities
in pursuit of total war, blurring the distinction between
civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major
role, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres
and delivery of the only two nuclear weapons ever used in
war. It was by far the deadliest conflict in history, resulting
in 70–85 million fatalities. Millions died due to genocides,
including the Holocaust, as well as starvation, massacres,
and disease
In the wake of Axis defeat, Germany, Austria, and Japan
were occupied, and war crime tribunals were
conducted against German and Japanese leaders.
The causes of the war are debated; contributing factors
included the rise of fascism in Europe, the Spanish Civil
War, the Second Sino-Japanese War, Soviet–Japanese
border conflicts, and tensions in the aftermath of World War
I. World War II is generally considered to have begun on 1
September 1939, when Nazi Germany, under Adolf
Hitler, invaded Poland. The United
Kingdom and France declared war on Germany on 3
September. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August
1939, Germany and the Soviet Union had
partitioned Poland and marked out their "spheres of
influence" across Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania,
and Romania
ROLE OF HITLER IN WWRII

In a series of ruthless and violent actions—including the
Reichstag Fire and the Night of Long Knives—Hitler took
absolute power in Germany by 1933. Germany‘s invasion
of Poland in 1939 led to the outbreak of World War II,
and by 1941, Nazi forces had used ―blitzkrieg‖ military
tactics to occupy much of Europe. Hitler‘s rise to power
traces to 1919, when he joined the German Workers‘ Party
that became the Nazi Party. With his oratorical skills and
use of propaganda, he soon became its leader. Hitler
gained popularity nationwide by exploiting unrest
during the Great Depression, and in 1932 he placed
second in the presidential race.
Hitler was of great historical importance—a term that does not
imply a positive judgment—because his actions changed the
course of the world. He was responsible for starting World War II,
which resulted in the deaths of more than 50 million people. It also
led to the extension of the Soviet Union‘s power in eastern, central,
and Balkan Europe, enabled a communist movement to
eventually achieve control in China, and marked the decisive shift
of power away from western Europe and toward the United
States and the Soviet Union. In addition, Hitler was responsible for
the Holocaust, the state-sponsored killing of six million Jews and
millions of others. Hitler‘s various maneuvers resulted in the
winner, Paul von Hindenburg, appointing him chancellor in
January 1933. The following month the Reichstag fire occurred,
and it provided an excuse for a decree overriding all guarantees of
freedom. Then on March 23 the Enabling Act was passed, giving
full powers to Hitler. When Hindenburg died on August 2, 1934,
the chancellorship and the presidency were merged, and Hitler
secured his position as Führer (―leader‖).
STARTING OF WWR II

World War II began in Europe on September 1, 1939, when
Nazi Germany, under Adolf Hitler, invaded Poland. Two
days later, on September 3, 1939, the United Kingdom and
France declared war on Germany This global conflict
involved nearly all of the world‘s countries, including major
powers, and resulted in 70–85 million fatalities. Aircraft
played a significant role, enabling strategic bombing and the
use of nuclear weapons. The war ended on September 2, 1945,
with an Allied victory. Million died due to genocides
,stravation , massarces. And diseases. After the fall of France
in June 1940, the war continued primarily between Germany
and the British Empire, with campaigns in North and East
Africa, the Battle of Britain, and the naval Battle of the
Atlantic
 ENDING OF WWR II

The end of World War II in Europe occurred
on May 8, 1945. On this day, known as Victory in
Europe (V-E Day), Nazi Germany officially
surrendered to the Allies. The instrument of
unconditional surrender was signed in Berlin by
Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel. However, battles
continued on the Eastern Front until May 10,
1945, when the last German forces surrendered in
places like the Courland Pocket in western Latvia
and during the prague offensive in
czechoslovakiahe the Allied landings at
Normandy on June 6, 1944, opened a second front
in Europe, and Germany‘s abortive offensive at
the Ardennes in the winter of 1944–45 marked
the Third Reich‘s final push in the west.
 LAND CAPTURED BY NAZI
GERMANY

During World War II, the Nazis occupied significant portions of
Europe. By mid-1941, Germany and its allies controlled an area
of approximately 3.28 million square kilometers in Europe. This
territory extended as far east as the town of Mozdok in the
North Caucasus (Soviet Union), as far north as the settlement of
Barentsburg in Svalbard (Norway), as far south as the island of
Gavdos (Greece), and as far west as the island of Ushant
(France). Additionally, German forces controlled areas in North
Africa, including Egypt, Libya, and Tunisia between 1940 and
1945. The occupied territories included sovereign countries, puppet
governments, and regions under direct military administration by
Nazi Germany
 QUESTIONNAIRE
1. Which event is generally considered to be the first belligerent act of World War II?

A. attack on Russia Germany’s

B. Germany’s attack on Britain
 C. Germany’s attack on Poland
D. Germany’s occupation of Austria

2. Which two countries were the first to declare war on Germany?

A. Italy and Greece C. Norway and Denmark

B. Britain and France D. The United States and the USSR

3. Against which country did the Soviet Union instigate an armed conflict in late 1939?

A. Finland C. Czechoslovakia
B. Yugoslavia D. Hungary
4. What were the first two western European countries that Germany
invaded?

A. France and Belgium C. Switzerland and Liechtenstein

B. Austria and the Netherlands D. Norway and Denmark

5. From Where did World War II start on September 1939

A. Europe C. Africa
B. United states D. None of these

6. When did the War between U.S.S.R. and Germany begin

A. 16 August 1942 C. 26 July 1941

B. 20 May1940 D. 22June1941
7. Which of the following is not country fought in WWII
A. India C .Soviet Union
B. France D .Japan

8. Which of the following was the most important battle in WWRII

A. Battle of berlin C. Battle of Jutland

B. Battle of Midway D. Battle of Stalingard.

9. Name the first Nazi concentration camp in World War II

A. Hora C. Auschw.
B. Majda D. Dachauitz
 CONCLUSION

The ‗Conclusion‘ shows how the world was changed forever by
World War II, during which around sixty million people had been
killed, the majority of them civilians. There were huge losses in the
Soviet Union and China, but the country most damaged was
Poland. Massive destruction and economic dislocation
characterized much of Europe, East Asia, Southeast Asia, and
portions of North Africa. The war and its ending also brought
about enormous population movements. Countries faced massive
reconstruction, the defeated had reparations to pay, and war
criminals had to be dealt with. The war also provided new
developments in technology and medicine, which transformed
post-war life.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

 WIKIPEDIA
 www.cbse.com
 TEACHER
 FAMILY AND FRIENDS
 CLASS12TH TEXTBOOK FLAMINGO