Podar International School, Osmanabad

Std: VIII Subject : HISTORY CHAPER2 BEGINNING OF COLONIAL RULE

Value of Chapter : Importance of freedom

TEXTBOOK EXERCISE
1. Choose the appropriate option.
a) The were the first European traders to establish their control in the western coast of
India.
i) French ii) Portuguese
iii) British iv) Dutch
b) In South India, the first English factory was opened at in 1611.
i) Masulipatnam ii) Bombay
iii) Hugli iv) Patna
c) In 1772, ended the Dual System of Government.
i) Lord Wellesley ii) Lord Dalhousie
iii) Warren Hastings iv) Lord Hastings

d) The Doctrine of Lapse was conceived by .

i) Lord Cornwallis ii) Warren Hastings
iii) Lord Wellesley iv) Lord Dalhousie

e) In 1774, the Supreme Court was established in Calcutta under the .

i) Regulating Act of 1773 ii) Charter Act of 1813
iii) Charter Act of 1833 iv) Act of 1786

2. Fill in the blanks.

a) In 1690, Job Charnock established a factory at Sutanati.
b) The Battle of Buxar resulted in the defeat of Mir Qasim and Mir Jafar was reinstated.
c) A Law Commission was constituted to codify all the Indian laws.
d) The First Anglo-Maratha War ended with the Treaty of Salbai .
3. Match the columns.

Column A Ans: Column B

a) Lord Wellesley ii) 1798–1805 i) 1848–1856
b) Lord Dalhousie i) 1848–1856 ii) 1798–1805
c) Warren Hastings iv) 1773–1785 iii) 1813–1823
d) Lord Cornwallis v) 1786–1793 iv) 1773–1785
e) Lord Hastings iii) 1813–1823 v) 1786–1793
 Podar International School, Osmanabad
Std: VIII Subject : HISTORY CHAPER2 BEGINNING OF COLONIAL RULE

Value of Chapter : Importance of freedom

4. Answer the following questions in 10 to 20 words.

a) Where did the Portuguese establish their trading settlements?
Ans: They had their trading settlements at Goa, Daman and Diu.

b) Why was Sir Thomas Roe sent to the Mughal court?

Ans:Sir Thomas Roe was chosen as the English ambassador and sent to the Mughal court
to conclude a commercial treaty with the emperor.

c) Between who was the Battle of Buxar fought?

Ans: In 1764, the battle was fought at Buxar between the
Company forces and the joint forces of Mir Qasim and his allies.

d) Which act introduced the open competition for recruitment to services?

Ans: The Charter Act of 1853 introduced open competition for recruitment to services.

5. Answer the following questions in 50 to 70 words.

a) What were the reasons that led to the Carnatic wars?
Ans: The rivalry ousted the Portuguese and the Dutch from the Indian trade market, while
the English and the French were left to compete with each other. The involvement
of the British and the French in the European wars, the prevailing political conditions in
the Deccan and the clash of trade interests brought the two trading companies in
a state of war in South India. A series of wars commonly known as the Carnatic wars.

b) Discuss the important features of the Subsidiary Alliance.

Ans: The Indian ruler had to disband his native armies. Instead he was required to
maintain a British army (a subsidiary force) within his state.
The ruler had to pay for the maintenance of the army. A part of his territory was
surrendered to the British for this purpose.
A Company official called Resident was placed at his court.
The ruler would not employ official of any other European power in his service without
the consent of the British.
The ruler would not negotiate or form an alliance with any other ruler without the
permission of the British.
 Podar International School, Osmanabad
Std: VIII Subject : HISTORY CHAPER2 BEGINNING OF COLONIAL RULE

Value of Chapter : Importance of freedom

c) How did the British establish their supremacy over Punjab?

Ans: The presence of Maharaja Ranjit Singh held back the Company however it was only
for a temporary period. The death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh followed a period of
instability and a struggle for power. The British grabbed the opportunity and two
prolonged Anglo-Sikh Wars decided the fate of Punjab. The Sikhs could no longer preserve
their independence and finally in 1849 Lord Dalhousie annexed the kingdom of Punjab.

d) Describe the Dual System of Government in Bengal.

Ans:
Company.
and of criminal jurisdiction
whereas the Company was responsible for the collection of the revenues and dispensation
of civil justice.
responsibility of the
administration and still they held their power safely in Bengal.
discharge it.
of anarchy.
Government.

6. Give reasons.

a) The Regulating Act of 1773 was the most important act in the evolution of British
administration in India.
Ans: The Regulating Act of 1773 unified these three Presidencies under the authority of the
Governor of Bengal and the new authority was raised to the position of the Governor-
General in order to create unified administration for India. He was the supreme head of
the administration with a council of four members appointed to administer Bengal. He
was to supervise the governors of Madras and Bombay.
 Podar International School, Osmanabad
Std: VIII Subject : HISTORY CHAPER2 BEGINNING OF COLONIAL RULE

Value of Chapter : Importance of freedom

b) The Third Anglo-Maratha war ended the Maratha rule.

Ans :The Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817–1818) was a final and a decisive war fought
between the Marathas and the British leaving the Marathas defeated. The British destroyed
the confederacy. The Peshwa was removed and sent to Bithur near Kanpur on a pension
of eight lakh a year and all his territories came under the British control. With this war, the
Company had complete control over all of present-day India, South of the Sutlej River.

WORKBOOK EXERCISE

Question 1
Imagine you are minister in an Indian Kingdom during the 18th century. You have to
convince the ruler of your kingdom to reject the Subsidiary alliance instrument proposed
by the British.
Write five points that you will state, to strongly defend the proposal of accepting the
SubsidiaryAlliance.
Ans -

permission of the British

to the British for this purpose.

‘Lord Cornwallis introduced several administrative reforms in India’. The objective was to
make the administrative system more structured and transparent for better governance.
’Justify the statement.
Ans: * It was Lord Cornwallis who took the earliest steps to purify administration.
*The civil servants were required to sign a covenant by which they accepted the terms and
conditions of the service and signed a pledge not to carry on private trade and accept
presents from the natives.
*The system of paying commissions to the servants of the Company was strictly
prohibited.
*The salaries of all cadres of service were raised.
 Podar International School, Osmanabad
Std: VIII Subject : HISTORY CHAPER2 BEGINNING OF COLONIAL RULE

Value of Chapter : Importance of freedom

Assignment links :
Assignment 1= https://forms.gle/yp9acdHqrhckgx7d9
Assignment 2= https://forms.gle/p2UbEmtjvj7uQ3Xf8
Assignment 3= https://forms.gle/ci1tj2vN1VXbd4PA9
Assignment 4= https://forms.gle/FjNmZiaZ9h8cKTyA9

Youtube video links : 1 https://youtu.be/QgpUFHcs4ao

2 https://youtu.be/su9IwYP8XIc
3 https://youtu.be/EXg5FRIaTjk
4 https://youtu.be/2oBhcp_gvrI
5 https://youtu.be/nt69e6nyaEc

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