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2022 IEEE International Conference on Teaching, Assessment and Learning for Engineering (TALE)

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2022 IEEE International Conference on Teaching, Assessment and Learning for Engineering (TALE) | 978-1-6654-9117-4/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/TALE54877.2022.00033

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DOI 10.1109/TALE54877.2022.00033
Authorized licensed use limited to: UNIV ESTADUAL PAULISTA JULIO DE MESQUITA FILHO. Downloaded on July 16,2023 at 14:04:05 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
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