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Post-COVID Economic
Revival, Volume II
Sectors, Institutions, and Policy

Edited by
Vladimir S. Osipov
Post-COVID Economic Revival, Volume II
 Vladimir S. Osipov
Editor

Post-COVID
Economic Revival,
Volume II
Sectors, Institutions, and Policy
Editor
Vladimir S. Osipov
Department of Asset Management
Moscow State Institute of International Relations
MGIMO University
Moscow, Russia

ISBN 978-3-030-83565-1 ISBN 978-3-030-83566-8 (eBook)

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83566-8

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer
Nature Switzerland AG 2022
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the
Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights
of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on
microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and
retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology
now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc.
in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such
names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for
general use.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and informa-
tion in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither
the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with
respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been
made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps
and institutional affiliations.

Cover illustration: © Alex Linch/shutterstock.com

This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature
Switzerland AG
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
 Preface

This two-volume project is the result of research carried out by scien-

tists from many countries of the world: Austria, China, Croatia, Hungary,
Kazakhstan, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, and UK. We pursued
the goal not only to analyze the economic consequences of the coro-
navirus crisis, but also to highlight the trends and prospects of Post-
COVID development in different countries and sectors of the economy.
It was important for us to assess the prospects for overcoming the coron-
avirus crisis in several dimensions: the behavior of the state, the situation
in the financial sector, sectors of the economy, and the social dimension
(labor market, health care, life insurance, culture). The project consists of
two volumes, and each consists of two parts. First part of the first volume
is devoted to the problems of state behavior during the coronavirus crisis
and the post-mortem period. Here we examined several aspects, the digi-
talization of the economy, the development of public administration, insti-
tutional changes at the level of some countries, regions, and the structure
of the economy. Special attention is paid to risk management both in
public administration and in the corporate sector. Second part consists
of number of chapters in which considered the prospects for the devel-
opment of the financial sector, including investments, insurance, FinTech
and digitalization, and crypto-assets. The last chapter of the volume has
its own conclusion in which prospects of Post-COVID Statehood are
described.

v
vi PREFACE

The second volume of our project consists of chapters about revival

in such sectors of economy as structural changes, technologies, circularity
and waste management, aircraft manufacture, electricity, urban mobility
and house construction, real estate, transport, automobile industry, and
tourism. So the last part of the second volume is devoted to develop-
ment in social sector. There are perspectives of labor market, life insur-
ance, healthcare and medical services, and culture in Post-COVID age in
this part. The last chapter has a role of conclusion and is devoted to the
problem of judgment and human rights protection at the COVID and
Post-COVID periods.
We asset this project as a part of great discussion about paths, oppor-
tunities, risks, and possible scenarios of Post-COVID economic revival,
which is the most important problem of nowadays World.

Moscow, Russia Vladimir S. Osipov

 Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the REGION Group (Moscow, Russia) for
financial support in the implementation of research projects.
Prof. Dr. Vladimir S. Osipov as Editor would like to thank Moscow
State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO University), Moscow
Russia, Rector of MGIMO University academician Anatoly V. Torkunov,
Vice-Rector of MGIMO University Dr. Andrey A. Baykov, Prof. Dr. Petr
I. Kasatkin, Prof. Dr. Lilia K. Raitskaya, Prof. Dr. Rustem T. Yuldashev,
Prof. Dr. Artem I. Krivtsov, Ass. Prof. Dr. Maxim I. Inozemtsev.
The final book is the result of the very fruitful cooperation with edito-
rial team, and in particular with Project Coordinators from Springer
Nature Ms. Hemapriya Eswanth, Mrs. Karthika Purushothaman and Mr.
Sham Anand Lourthu swamy, and also Commissioning Editor from
Palgrave Macmillan Ms. Ruth Jenner: Without their impeccable manage-
rial skills, support and advices the book couldn’t have been completed.
Editor would like to say his special thanks to Mr. Nikolas Hyder and
Mr. Michail Matveev for translating and proofreading the manuscript.
Finally, Editor would like to thank Prof. Dr. Alexey G. Zeldner as
teacher, tutor, supporter, most intelligent adviser, and best friend. This
book couldn’t be prepared without his support.

vii
 Contents

1 Post-COVID Revival: Economy and Society 1

Vladimir S. Osipov

Part I Markets at Post-COVID Age

2 The National Technological Initiative of Russia
Project Implementation as a Basis for the Development
of Perspective Technological Markets and Industries
in Russia 21
Irina B. Repina and Valeriya V. Nemtsova
3 Opportunities and Prospects for the Transition
to Post-COVID Circular Economy 35
Bulat Z. Akhmetzyanov and Serik R. Egizbaev
4 Disposal of Medical Waste in the COVID-19
and the Post-COVID Period 51
Natalia G. Sidorova and Anastasiia R. Druzhinina
5 Pricing in the Context of Structural Modernization
in Post-COVID Economy 73
Alexey G. Zeldner
6 The Impact of COVID-19 on Agriculture 97
Mehmet Emin Çalışkan, Ayten Kübra Yagız,
and Caner Yavuz

ix
x CONTENTS

7 Economic Mechanisms of Regulation of Innovative

Industrial Technologies in the Post-COVID Age 115
Tatiana V. Skryl, Marina Gregoric,
and Andrey Yu. Markov
8 Post-Lockdown Flights: New Strategies for Civil
Aircraft Manufacturers and Airlines 131
Julia A. Kovalchuk
9 China’s Electricity Market Reform in the Post-COVID
Era 143
Hu Jingqiu and Jiang Yi
10 Creative Industries: A Review of the Effects
of the COVID-19 Pandemic 159
Julia V. Gnezdova, Vladimir S. Osipov,
and Igor V. Hriptulov
11 Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Housing
and Construction Markets 173
Mariia I. Ermilova and Irena Zavrl
12 The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Automation
of Planning and Operational Management
of Organizational and Technical Systems
in the COVID-19 Pandemic 187
Oleg V. Balashov, Dmitriy S. Bukachev,
and Julia V. Gnezdova
13 The Changing Role of the Transport Facility Internal
Audit in the Post-COVID Period 203
Artem I. Krivtsov and Tatiana M. Tarasova
14 The Economic Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic
on the Russian Automotive Industry 217
Lyudmila I. Zhurova and Tatyana A. Moshkova
15 Tourism in the Post-COVID Age 239
Tatiana V. Skryl and Marina Gregoric
 CONTENTS xi

Part II Social Development at Post-COVID Age

16 Influence of COVID-19 on Healthcare System 257
Roman A. Khalturin, Larisa V. Egorova,
and Ecaterina I. Mazneva
17 Government Protection of Both Parties
in the Operation of the Post-epidemic Labor
Market in China 271
Meixia Shi and Wangli Zhu
18 Flexible Employment Development in Post-COVID
Economic Revival 285
Xiliang Feng and Yuan Geng
19 The Impact and Response of Artificial Intelligence
on Labor Market in Post-epidemic Era 299
Hui Dashuai
20 The Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic
on the Healthcare System in Poland 311
Maria Płonka
21 Back to the (Ab)normality: Eastern European Labor
Markets After Pandemic 325
Ekaterina A. Smirnova, Vadim G. Kvachev,
and Katalin Lipták
22 Health Insurance Problems of Unknown Infections 341
Lyudmila I. Tsvetkova
23 The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Labor
Market in Poland 357
Jolanta Stanienda
24 Analytical Review of the Market for COVID-19
Vaccines: Production, Cost, and Distribution 371
Julia V. Gnezdova
25 Judicial Institutions and Legal Services
in the Post-COVID Period 385
Vladimir S. Osipov and Iurii D. Elanskii

Index 397
 Notes on Contributors

Bulat Z. Akhmetzyanov is Deputy Head of the Division for Audit and

Organization of Interaction with State Control Bodies, Budget Depart-
ment, the Ministry of Natural Resources, and Environment of the Russian
Federation. His scientific interest includes the problematic of waste
management and circular economy.
Oleg V. Balashov is Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate
Professor, Head of the System Research Group of the Smolensk Branch
of the Joint Stock Company “Radio factory” (Russia). He has published
over 50 articles in professional journals and 2 books as a co-author. His
main research experience covers the areas of information systems design,
systems analysis, and theory of possibilities.
Dmitriy S. Bukachev is Candidate of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Analytical
and Digital Technologies, Smolensk State University (Russia). He has
published over 30 articles in professional journals, is the author of
over 10 programs in the field of automated planning, artificial neural
networks, and stock trading. His main research experience covers the
areas of information systems design, artificial intelligence, and digital asset
management.
Mehmet Emin Çalışkan is Ph.D. in Agronomy, Professor of Agri-
cultural Genetic Engineering at Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University
(Turkey). He is the Member of European Association of Potato

xiii
xiv NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS

Research (EAPR), European Association for Research on Plant Breeding

(EUCARPIA), and American Potato Association (PAA), and Editorial
Board Member of several scientific journals. He has published over 40
articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals and six book chapters. His
primary research expertise embraces plant breeding, agronomy, and seed
science and technology. He is Dean of Faculty of Agricultural Science and
Technologies at Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University.
Hui Dashuai is Doctor of Civil and Commercial Law, Postdoctoral
Fellow of School of Labor Economics, Capital University of Economics
and Business, has published more than 10 articles in professional core
journals and participated in more than 10 national, provincial, and minis-
terial scientific research projects. His main research interests are labor law,
social security law, civil and commercial law.
Anastasiia R. Druzhinina is Bachelor of Innovations of the Innovation
Department of the Polytechnic Institute, Far Eastern Federal University
(Russia), she has published 8 articles in professional journals. She worked
as a marketing executive in LLT TOMORU, currently working as CEO
in the project “Ecotechpark” and engineer of ITMO University.
Serik R. Egizbaev is Ph.D. in Economics, Chief of the Staff, the
Ministry of Information and Social Development of the Republic of Kaza-
khstan. His scientific area of interest consists of circular economy and
sustainable development.
Larisa V. Egorova is Doctor in Economics, Professor of the Department
of Economic Analysis and Forecasting Federal State Budgetary Educa-
tional Institution of the Higher Education “A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow
State University of Medicine and Dentistry” of the Ministry of Healthcare
of the Russian Federation (Russia). Author of over 150 works, including
scientific articles, monographs, textbooks. Her main research experience
covers accounting, auditing, and taxation of non-profit organizations.
Iurii D. Elanskii is Master in Law and Specialist in Economics. He grad-
uated from the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics with best
diploma in 2014. From 2014 to 2018 he was Vice-Director on law in
commercial company. From 2018 he is private Lawyer with his own prac-
tice. He is preparing a dissertation for the degree of candidate of legal
sciences.
 NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS xv

Mariia I. Ermilova is Ph.D. in Economics, Associate Professor, Depart-

ment of financial management, Plekhanov Russian University of
Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation, Guest Professor of School of
Business of Belarusian State University. Editorial Boards Member of
several scientific Journals. Professor Ermilova is the First Vice President of
the Association of Education and Science Managers, as well as a member
of several expert communities. She has published over 120 articles in
professional journals and twelve books as author, co-author, editor, and
co-editor. Her research experience includes issues related to the housing
market and housing construction, investment, and digital technologies in
industries.
Xiliang Feng is Doctor in Sociology, Dean of School of Labor
Economics, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing, China.
He is also the Vice President of the professional committee on labor and
work, Chinese Sociological Association and Vice President of Labor Rela-
tions Branch of Chinese Association of Human Resources Development.
He has published over 30 articles in professional journals and three books
as author, co-author, editor, and co-editor. His primary research expertise
embraces labor relations, labor, and work.
Yuan Geng is Doctor in Economics, postdoc in applied economics,
school of labor economics, Capital University of Economics and Busi-
ness, Beijing, China. She has published over 10 articles in professional
journals as author and co-author. Her primary research expertise embraces
population and employment, transportation economy.
Julia V. Gnezdova is Doctor in Economics, Professor, Department of
Economics, Smolensk State University, and a Guest Professor at Tashkent
State Agrarian University (Uzbekistan). He is a Member of the editorial
boards of several scientific journals. She has published over 200 articles
in professional journals and 18 books as an author, co-author, editor and
co-editor. Her core research experience covers public administration and
government-business policy issues.
Marina Gregoric is Ph.D. Associate professor at University North,
Croatia. Foreign Associate, former Dean and Vice Dean at European Busi-
ness School in Zagreb. International visiting lecturer at the Plekhanov
Russian University of Economics in Moscow; Faculty of Tourism,
hospitality, and sport. External associate at Polytechnic of Med-imurje
in Čakovec, Croatia; Management of Tourism and sports. Previously,
xvi NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS

Module coordinator at Stenden University in Doha, Qatar; Faculties of

Hospitality, Tourism and International Business Management. Published
over 70 scientific and professional papers. Member of the editorial board
of international scientific journals. Senior Manager in domestic and inter-
national markets, with 25 years of experience in business (financial and
commercial sectors). Member of the expert panel in initial accreditation
and re-accreditation of study programs with Croatian Agency for Science
and Higher Education.
Igor V. Hriptulov is a Candidate of pedagogical sciences, Associate
Professor, Rector of the Smolensk State Institute of Arts, honored Teacher
of the Russian Federation, Author of 25 works and 4 monographs. His
areas of scientific interest are entertainment, public goods, cultural goods,
and creative industries.
Hu Jingqiu is Doctor in Applied Economics, Renmin University of
China. She is currently a Researcher at China Southern Power Grid
Co.,Ltd. and worked as a researcher at Liaowang institute, Xinhua News
Agency. Her research interests include energy policies, energy system
reform, and electric power system reform.
Roman A. Khalturin is Candidate in Economics, Head of the Depart-
ment of Economic Analysis and Forecasting in Federal State Budgetary
Educational Institution of the Higher Education “A.I. Yevdokimov
Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry” of the Ministry of
Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Russia). Member of the Scientific
and Expert Council of the Committee on Federal Structure, Regional
Policy, Local Self-Government, and North Affairs of the Federation
Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. Author of
over 40 works, including scientific articles, textbooks. His main research
production and social infrastructure.
Julia A. Kovalchuk is Dr.Sc. (Econ), Chief Researcher of Asset Manage-
ment Department at Moscow State Institute of International Relations
(MGIMO University) and Professor of the Department of Energy Service
and Energy Saving Management at Moscow Aviation Institute. Choosing
strategic aspects of industrial development as a scientific priority, she
has long specialized in industrial modernization. She has accumulated
a wealth of experience in strategic research of the high-tech industry,
including competition and cooperation factors. Her current research
 NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS xvii

interests include digital transformation of companies and value creation

in the digital arena.
Artem I. Krivtsov is Doctor of Economics, Professor of the Department
of Asset Management at MGIMO University, Moscow, Russia, and also
Professor of the Department of Economics of the Shipbuilding Industry
at State Marine Technical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia. He is Vice
President of the National Institute of Professional Accountants, Finan-
cial Managers and Economists, and a Member of the editorial boards
of several scientific journals. He is a Member of Public Committee at
Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. His main research experi-
ence covers the analysis of strategic investment analysis in the development
of companies.
Vadim G. Kvachev is Ph.D. in Sociology, Associate Professor and
Leading Research Scientist at Plekhanov Russian University of Economics
(Russia) and also Research Scientist at Higher School of Economics
(Russia). He is editorial board member of the journal Standards of Living
of the Population of Russian Regions. His scientific interests include study
of labor markets, sociology of labor, neoliberalism, quality and level of life,
and precarity.
Katalin Lipták is Ph.D. is an Associate Professor, Head of Department,
and Vice Dean for education at the Faculty of Economics, University of
Miskolc, Hungary. She is an Economist and Jurist. Her research fields
are regional labor market processes, regional economics, and labor law.
She is currently researching the evolution and development of the labor
market and the changing labor market processes as well as the social and
solidarity economies. She has published over 80 articles in journals or in
book chapters, 60 articles in conference proceedings. She is a Member of
the Hungarian Regional Science Association.
Andrey Yu. Markov is Postgraduate at MGIMO University, Moscow,
Russia. His current professional and research interests include industrial
development, cosmic industry, and public administration.
Ecaterina I. Mazneva is a Young Scientist and MGIMO Postgrad-
uate Student at the Department of Asset Management at International
Economic Relations Faculty. She has published 3 papers in scientific
journals. Her area of interest are problems of global value chains in
pharmaceutical actors.
xviii NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS

Tatyana A. Moshkova is Associate Professor, Department of

Economics, Samara National Research University (Russia), auditor.
She has over 40 scientific publications, including two monographs as
an author and co-author. The sphere of her scientific interests is the
problems of management of integrated corporate systems, the formation
of a corporate investment portfolio.
Valeriya V. Nemtsova is Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate
Professor, the School of Pedagogics at Far Eastern Federal University
(Russia). She has published more than 40 articles in professional jour-
nals and scientific conferences, 4 books as an author and co-author. Her
primary research expertise covers key aspects of teaching activity and
health care in the digital transformation era.
Vladimir S. Osipov is Doctor in Economics, Professor of Asset Manage-
ment Department at MGIMO University (Russia), and also Guest
Professor of School of Economics and Management at Beijing Jiaotong
University (China). He is the Member of American Law and Economics
Association, Editorial Boards Member of several scientific Journals. He
has published over 200 articles in professional journals and sixteen books
as author, co-author, editor, and co-editor. His primary research exper-
tise embraces institutional policy and public administration. He is Vice-
Head of Dissertation Council of Lomonosov Moscow State University
(Russia) and also the Member of Dissertation Councils at Plekhanov
Russian University of Economics (Russia) and MISIS University (Russia).
Maria Płonka habilitated Doctor, Professor, Employee of the Cracow
University of Economics in the Department of Risk Management
and Insurance. Academic Tutor, expert of the National Center for
Research and Development in Poland. Research areas: consequences
of revolution 4.0 for the social and health security system, marketing,
marketing research, competitiveness analysis, and social economy. Scien-
tific achievements constitute over 140 domestic and foreign publica-
tions. Expert achievements include over 100 studies, expertise, projects,
marketing research, business plans, feasibility studies, economic and finan-
cial analyzes. Scientific disciplines: Economics and Finance, Management
and quality.
Irina B. Repina is Associate Professor of the Department of innovation,
Polytechnic Institute, Far Eastern Federal University (Russia). She has
published more than 30 articles in professional journals and scientific
 NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS xix

conferences, 5 books as an author and co-author. Her main research expe-

rience covers institutional policy and pedagogical aspects of intellectual
capital formation.
Meixia Shi is Doctor in Economics, Professor of School of Economics
and Management at Beijing Jiaotong University (China). Since nearly 40
years, she has published over many articles in professional journals and
six books as author, co-author, editor, and co-editor. She has led some
important academic and government research projects. Her research inter-
ests include labor economics, regulation of labor market, labor law and
labor relations, and international comparison of social security. Her social
off-campus academic positions include: Vice President of China Labor
Law Studies Association; Vice President, Labor Relations Branch, China
Society of Human Resources Development; Member of the Legal Advi-
sory Board, All-China Federation of Trade Union; Executive Member of
the Council, China Society of Social Law.
Natalia G. Sidorova is Ph.D. in Econ., Professor of the Innovation
Department of the Polytechnic Institute, Far Eastern Federal University
(Russia), she has published more than 80 articles in professional journals
and three monographs. She worked in the field of financial management
of the largest energy companies in the Russian Far East, as the head of
economic and financial services. For a long period of her working life,
she managed departments in the field of economics and finance at various
universities. He has a number of government awards.
Tatiana V. Skryl is Ph.D., Associate Professor at the Department of
Economic Theory, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow,
Russia. She holds her Ph.D. in Economic theory. Her current professional
and research interests include regional development, industry policy,
public administration, and Russia’s post-crisis development. Published
over 90 scientific and professional papers. Member of the editorial board
of international scientific journals. She is currently a member of the
Dissertation Council (industry and economic safety specialization).
Ekaterina A. Smirnova is Candidate of Sciences in Economics, is a
leading research scientist in the Scientific research institute “Education
Development,” Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow,
Russia. She is an Economist, Associate Professor of Basic Chair of
Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation “Human
capital development” in Plekhanov Russian University of Economics.
xx NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS

Her research interests include the following topics: labor economics,

labor market, green jobs, employment and educational policy, lifelong
learning. She delivers lectures in the disciplines “Labor Economics,”
“Labor Market” in Russian and English. Ekaterina published more than
50 scientific papers, including publications in Scopus, Web of Science and
Russian peer-reviewed scientific journals. Ekaterina has an experience of
participating in foreign conferences (France, Hungary, Slovakia) as well as
delivering lectures as a visiting professor in Beijing Transport University
(China, Beijing) and University of Miskolc (Hungary, Miskolc).
Jolanta Stanienda is Ph.D. of economic sciences in the discipline of
economics and finance. Research Worker and Lecturer at the Cracow
University of Economics (Poland). Expert of the National Center for
Research and Development, Manager and Implementer of many scientific
projects. Author and co-author of publications in the field of enterprise
development, regional development, social entrepreneurship, and social
capital. Executor of research in the field of socio-economic consequences
of the fourth industrial revolution and the effects of the COVID-19
pandemic. Active cooperator with the social and economic environment
by participating in internships and preparing expert opinions and reports.
Tatiana M. Tarasova is Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate
Professor of the Department of Economics and Finance, Samara State
University of Railways (Russia). He is a Member of the Financial Market
Professional Qualifications Council. She is a certified expert in conducting
professional and public accreditation of educational programs. She has
published over 80 articles in professional journals and over 20 educational
and methodological works.
Lyudmila I. Tsvetkova is Ph.D. in economic, the Associate Professor of
Risk management and insurance in MGIMO, the Associate Professor, and
also the Associate Professor of department of World economy of Higher
School of Economics. It published more than 100 articles in professional
magazines and 5 monographs. The main sphere of scientific interests—
strategic risk management, management of insurance company.
Ayten Kübra Yagız is Ph.D. in Agricultural Genetic Engineering and
Assistant Professor of Agricultural Genetic Engineering Department at
Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University (Turkey). Her major area of interest is
seed technologies. She also has studies on potato breeding and agricultural
modeling.
 NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS xxi

Caner Yavuz is M.Sc. in Agriculture and Biotechnology, Research Assis-

tant of Agricultural Genetic Engineering Department at Nigde Ömer
Halisdemir University (Turkey). Yavuz is the Member of The Potato Asso-
ciation of America and has published articles in journals with the subject
specialized on potato breeding and biotechnology, particularly.
Jiang Yi is a Doctoral Student in the Department of Economics at the
University of Sussex. Previously, she worked as a Researcher at the Amer-
ican Institutes for Research in Washington, DC and San Diego County
Taxpayers Association in the United States. Her research field includes
environmental economics, environmental policies, and econometrics.
Irena Zavrl, Ph.D. Fachhoschule Bugenland (University of Applied
Sciences), Austria, Eisenstadt, Univ.-Prof. Dr.Sc. Dr.h.c., The long-
standing Lecturer and Course Director in the Department of Economics
Univ.-Prof. Dr. Irena Zavrl, Ph.D. currently heads the master’s course in
European Studies—Management of EU Projects and was jointly respon-
sible for the conception and implementation of the Ph.D. program at
the University of Applied Sciences Burgenland responsible with three
international partner universities.
Alexey G. Zeldner is famous Russian Scientist and Researcher, Doctor
in Economics, Professor, Chief Researcher of Institute of Economics,
Russian Academy of Sciences. He is Editorial Boards Member of several
scientific Journals. He has published over 400 articles in professional
journals and more than 50 books as author, co-author, editor, and co-
editor. His primary research expertise embraces public-private partnership,
institutional economics, and public administration. He is a Member of
Dissertation Council of Institute of Economics of Russian Academy of
Sciences.
Wangli Zhu is Master in Management, Ph.D. student of School of
Economics and Management at Beijing Jiaotong University (China).
He has published over 5 articles in professional journals and 1 books
as co-author. His research interest includes labor economics and labor
relations.
Lyudmila I. Zhurova is Associate Professor, Department of Manage-
ment, Samara University of Public Administration “International Market
Institute” (Russia). She has 90 scientific publications, including five
xxii NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS

monographs as an author and co-author. Her research interests are prob-

lems of management of integrated corporate systems, improvement of
financial mechanisms of corporate governance.
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the effects of his high jump, the big Japanese affair acting as does a
parachute when a man leaps from a balloon.
Something about some of the ribs attracted the boy’s attention. He
looked more carefully. To his horror, he saw that nearly all of them
had been cut through so that when he jumped the umbrella would
collapse, and let him fall to the ground with such a suddenness that
he would be seriously hurt, if not killed. For a moment the terror of
his discovery of the treacherous act deprived him of the ability to
move or speak.
“Some one did this so I’d get hurt,” he whispered. “I wonder who it
could have been?”
Yet he at once thought of Ted Chester and his crony, the ringmaster.
“What shall I do?” thought Jack. “I can’t go on with the act with this
umbrella.”
He stood on the platform, undecided what to do. The crowds, which
had heard of his act, were impatiently calling for him to leap.
“What’s the matter?” asked Mr. Paine, running to the foot of the
platform. He had seen from the other side of the ring that something
was wrong.
“My umbrella ribs have been cut,” replied Jack. “I can’t jump with it
this way.”
“Great Scott!” exclaimed the manager. “That’s a mean trick! I’ll look
into this. But wait. Haven’t you a spare umbrella somewhere?”
“Yes, several of them.”
“All right. Come down. I’ll send for Delafield to help you rig up
another one. In the meantime I’ll send Sam Kyle over here to jolly
the crowd along until you’re ready. He’ll say you have to fix up your
airship, because one built by the German government tried to
destroy it last night. And say nothing about the umbrella until you
hear from me. Quick, now, get down.”
Thus did the quick-witted manager save the situation. Jack
descended, and soon, with Mr. Delafield’s aid, he was attaching
another umbrella to the airship. Several had been supplied, in case
one might be damaged, and so little time was lost, though the two
flags could not be attached.
Meanwhile Sam Kyle mounted to the platform, and was keeping the
crowd in roars of laughter by his antics. As soon as Jack was ready
he came down, and our hero took his accustomed place.
Once more he carefully examined the umbrella before venturing on
his flight. This caution had been impressed on him by Sam, and
some of his other friends. None of the performers who had to do
their acts high in the air, they said, would go on a trapeze, bar or
rope without first testing it. For, not only were accidents likely to
occur, but often vindictive rivals would cut a rope partly through, with
the hope of maiming their more successful fellows.
But this new umbrella was strong, and Jack made ready for his leap.
It was with more fear than he had known since he had perfected his
act that he got astride the swaying seat, and, holding to the umbrella
handle, launched himself from the platform, his feet working the big
wings as fast as they would flap.
To his delight, his new plan worked to perfection. The air, having
more of a chance to get under the umbrella, buoyed him up
considerably better, and he sailed gracefully to the ground, the flight
taking several seconds longer. The chief drawback to it formerly had
been that it was over too quick. Now this objection had been
removed.
Then Jack pulled the cord which fired the shot, and the ship seemed
to fly apart, the umbrella closing down and the bag collapsing. There
was hearty applause for the young clown, but through it all Jack was
wondering at the motive of those who had so nearly caused a
serious accident.
 CHAPTER XXI
THE MONKEYS ESCAPE

When the afternoon performance came to an end, Mr. Paine sent for
Jack. He closely questioned the boy about the cut umbrella. Jack
could throw no light on when it had been done.
“Whom do you suspect did it?” asked the manager.
“I—I don’t know,” replied Jack.
“Yes, you do. You have some idea. Who’s got a grudge against
you?”
“Well, I suppose Ted Chester has, though I never did anything to
him.”
“Who else?”
“Well, Mr. Mitz was rather mean to me.”
“Ha! Hum! I begin to understand something. You may tell Mr.
Delafield I want him.”
Jack summoned the property man, and the manager closely
questioned him as to whether he had seen any one about the airship
just before the performance began, for it had been proved that the
apparatus was in perfect order that morning.
“I didn’t see any one interfering with it,” replied Mr. Delafield.
“Were you in the property tent all the while?”
“Yes—that is, nearly.”
“What do you mean by that?”
“Well, Mitz called me out to see about making a new tub for the baby
elephant to stand on.”
“How long were you gone?”
“About ten minutes.”
“Ha! Hum! That would be time enough. I think I see how this was
done. Mitz and Chester put up the game, and a mean one it was.
While Mitz got you out, Chester slipped in and cut the umbrella. Say
nothing about it, however. I’ll have a talk with them. I’ll put a stop to
this business.”
What the result was of the manager’s talk to the mean clown and his
crony, the ringmaster, Jack never heard. Evidently there was not
proof enough to make certain the guilt of either of the two men,
though when they came from the manager’s tent they looked worried
and uneasy.
The affair resulted in one thing that benefited Jack, however, for,
after that, neither the clown nor Mitz bothered him, though Ted
Chester said mean things to his young rival every chance he got.
After that Jack was more than usually careful to look to all the ropes
and other strengthening devices on the airship, as well as to the
umbrella; for leaping off from such a height as he did it would not
take much to cause him to take a terrible tumble.
The circus played a number of one-day stands through the lower
part of Ohio, and then swinging around in a big circle, began to work
back east. As the larger cities were reached they stayed longer in
one place, in some remaining a week, which gave the performers
and animals a chance to get a good rest.
Meanwhile, Jack had heard nothing more from the professor, nor
about the efforts to cause an arrest for the theft of the gold cup. The
young clown kept a wary eye out for the sight of a policeman who
might be looking for him, and he was also on his guard against
meeting Mr. Klopper.
But he need not have worried. The professor, after his one attempt to
locate Jack, gave it up personally, though he tried other means to
find the boy, for, as before stated, he had something very important
to tell our hero.
The circus reached a town in western Pennsylvania one morning
during quite a heavy storm. It had been raining off and on for a week,
and the temper of all the employees and performers was tried by the
unpleasant weather. A circus is quite a miserable place in the rain,
for the usual crowds do not turn out, and everything seems to go
wrong.
“I hope it clears up by this afternoon,” said Sam Kyle gloomily, as he
left the breakfast tent, which leaked in places, and, with Jack, and
some of the other clowns, looked up at the dull sky. “I’m sick of being
wet through.”
The show had to go on, rain or shine, however, and the parade
usually took place no matter how hard it stormed. This was very
unpleasant for the performers, especially the clowns, as the paint
would persist in running off their faces, giving them a streaked and
bedraggled appearance, which, while it added to their funny aspect,
was not just what they wanted.
“It looks as if it might clear,” said Jack hopefully. “The wind seems to
be shifting.”
But it was raining when the parade started, and Jack and his fellow
clowns were wet and cold riding on top of the open wagon, playing
their battered instruments.
Now, whether the rain was the cause for what happened when the
procession reached the middle of the town, where quite a crowd had
gathered to view it, or whether the little beasts managed to break
open the door, was not disclosed. At any rate, just as the parade was
turning back to the grounds, the cage containing the monkeys
suddenly opened.
Jack was the first to notice it, for the clowns’ wagon was right behind
that containing the long-tailed creatures. He saw several of the
monkeys leaping out of the opened door, and swinging themselves
up on top.
“The monkeys! The monkeys!” he cried. “They’re getting loose!”
“They’re already loose,” observed Sam grimly. “Now there’ll be some
fun. They’re the hardest of all animals to catch, once they get out.”
Shouts and laughter from the crowd, which, now that there was more
than the usual excitement, did not seem to mind the rain, told the
man driving the monkey wagon that something was wrong. But he
hardly needed this warning, for, a moment later, one of the
mischievous simians snatched off the driver’s hat, and clapped it on
its own queer head. Another monkey grabbed it from the first one,
and soon the whole troop was on top of the wagon fighting and
chattering over the possession of the hat.
The driver wound the reins about his whip, and scrambled up on top
of the vehicle in a desperate endeavor to capture some of the nimble
animals. But, no sooner did they see him coming than, with one
accord, they scrambled down the sides of the wagon, reached the
ground, and, rejoicing in their new-found freedom, scattered about
the street.
“Come on, boys!” cried Sam. “Those monkeys are valuable. We’ll
have to help catch ’em.”
“Let the animal men look after ’em,” said Ted Chester.
“The boss will appreciate it if we help,” remarked the head clown.
“Come on, boys.”
Jack and the other clowns dropping their battered instruments,
climbed down from the high wagon, which had come to a stop, and
began running after the monkeys. But the mischievous beasts had
scattered among the crowd now.
Yells of laughter from the men lining the roadway, mingling with the
frightened screams of women and children, told that the monkeys
were creating plenty of excitement.
“Grab ’em, folks! Grab ’em!” cried Sam to the crowd.
“I’d like to see myself,” objected a fat woman. “One of the ugly
beasts tore my best bonnet to pieces. I’m going to sue the circus!”
Just then a shout caused Jack to look where several men were
pointing. He saw a monkey perched up on top of a store awning,
tearing to pieces something that looked like a bouquet of many-
colored flowers.
“My bonnet! Oh, my bonnet!” yelled the fat woman. “There’s the ugly
beast, now, tearing my bonnet to pieces, and it cost three dollars!”
Yells from other women in the crowd indicated that they, too, feared
the same thing that had happened to the fat lady. Nor were they far
wrong. The monkeys seemed to be attracted by the gay headwear of
the women in the crowd, and soon there was presented the odd
sight of half a dozen of the creatures, perched up on high vantage
points, tearing to pieces the flowered and ribboned hats, and
scattering the pieces to the ground.
“Help! Help!” suddenly cried a man. “One of ’em’s trying to choke
me!”
Jack ran to where he heard the cry. Perched upon a man’s back was
a monkey—a small one.
“Take him away! Take him away!” yelled the man. “He’s choking me
to death!”
The simian had one arm around the man’s neck, but it was not trying
to choke him. Instead, the odd little creature was trying to reach a
bright-red balloon, one of the small kind sold when the circus comes
to town. The man had bought it for his little girl.
“Give him the balloon!” cried the crowd, delighted at the antics of the
monkeys.
“No, no, daddy! It’s mine! Get the monkey for me, too,” cried the little
girl.
“Stand still a minute!” called Jack. “I’ll catch the monkey.”
He hurried up to the man, and grabbed the hairy little brute. The
monkey tried to get away, but Jack held it tight, and soon had carried
it back to the cage, having caught the first one of the runaways.
“That’s the way to do it,” said the man in charge of the monkey
wagon. “The old man will have a fit if we lose any.”
Jack ran back to try and capture some more. It was an odd sight to
see the queerly-dressed clowns, with the paint on their faces running
into all sorts of streaks, darting through the crowd after the monkeys.
The excitement among the women continued, and several bonnets
had been ruined.
Some of the men in the throng now turned in to help, and five or six
of the long-tailed beasts were caught. Jack captured another, and
some of the other clowns managed to grab the nimble creatures as
they scampered about.
In about ten minutes half of the number in the cage had been
caught. The others—the large ones—had climbed to high points of
the buildings along the street, where they chattered away, as if
defying the men to get them.
“I’ll bring ’em back,” said the man who had charge of them. He went
into a store, and purchased some apples, peanuts and candy. These
things he gave to the recaptured monkeys in the cage, and the cries
they set up as they fought over the possession of the dainties,
attracted the others, who, anxious not to miss the feast, came
trooping along, only too glad to submit to being captured, if only they
could get something to eat.
“Whew! That was a strenuous time,” panted Jack, as he took his
place again on the wagon with his fellow clowns. “That was as good
as part of the circus.”
“Yes, the crowd got its money’s worth,” replied Sam. “I suppose the
old man will have to pay damages for those hats, however.”
 CHAPTER XXII
IN A STORM

Once more the parade started, and it completed the circuit without
further accident. To the delight of every one, the rain ceased, and the
sun came out to dry off dripping tents, and drive away the moisture
from the soaked ground.
“We’ll have a fine crowd out this afternoon and to-night, I think,” said
Sam. “This is always a good town to show in.”
Events proved that he was right, and when it came time for the
afternoon performance the big tent was taxed to its capacity to hold
the throng gathered. All the performers seemed to have new vim and
vigor with the advent of better weather, and the acts went off with a
snap that had been absent during the wet spell.
“Now, Jack, show ’em what you can do,” advised Sam Kyle, as it
came the turn of the clowns to enter the ring. “Make a good flight.”
Jack excelled himself, for he had added a new turn to his stunt, and
this was the first time he tried it. This was to take with him, in a cage
concealed on top of the muslin bag, a tame rooster that belonged to
one of the clowns, who had temporarily given up using it, as he had
a new act.
Chanticleer was put in a cage, and the sides of it were covered with
white muslin, arranged on a frame work so that they would fall down
when a spring was released, revealing the rooster on top of the
airship. Until the sides fell down, however, it merely looked like a
small square box on top of the distended muslin bag. Jack could
bring the rooster into view by pulling on a cord.
Jack’s act was getting to be quite complicated. In addition to jumping
off a high platform, he had to operate the wings of his machine with
his feet, and just as he reached the ground he had to pull a cord that
shot off a blank cartridge and allowed the balloon to seemingly fall
apart, yank another that displayed the two United States flags, and
now there was a third one, that would release the rooster.
The bird had been trained to fly, flap its wings and crow as soon as
the sides of its cage fell, and Jack counted on making quite a hit this
time.
He succeeded. Everything went off well, from the time he jumped
with his apparatus off the tower platform until he shot off the
cartridge, unfurling the flags and revealing the rooster, who added
not a little to the novelty of the act by crowing most vigorously.
“Ha! Hum! Not so bad! Not so bad! Not half bad!” was all Mr. Paine
said, when he saw Jack’s latest performance; but the young clown
knew that was the highest praise the manager ever bestowed.
“If it goes off as well to-night as it did this afternoon, you’ll get two
dollars more a week,” went on Mr. Paine. “I like my clowns to think
up new things. It’s a wonder some of you fellows wouldn’t put a little
more ginger into your work,” the manager continued to Jack’s fellow
workers. “Some of you are all right, but unless the rest of you wake
up, you’ll be looking for other jobs soon.”
He walked away, and several of the clowns murmured among
themselves. The majority, however, knew they were all right, for they
were continually improving their acts.
“This is what comes of letting a fresh young kid get in among older
performers,” said Ted Chester. “I’m going to quit soon if he don’t. He
gets all the attention.”
“That’s right,” added two or three others. “The manager thinks he’s
the whole show.”
“If we could queer his act some way maybe it would take him down a
peg,” suggested a tall, lanky clown, whose specialty was to lead an
educated pig around the ring.
“Say, I’ve got an idea,” whispered Ted. “Come over here, you
fellows.”
The dissatisfied ones were soon whispering among themselves, but
whenever any one came near them they seemed to be discussing
the most ordinary topics.
That night when Jack went to get his apparatus ready for his
performance, he could not find the trained rooster, that was kept in a
cage in a small tent with other animals used by the clowns.
“Have you seen Pippo?” Jack asked the clown who had loaned him
the bird.
“Seen Pippo? Why, no. I told you to take care of him. I hope he isn’t
lost.”
“I put him in his cage, in here, just as you told me to, after the
performance this afternoon,” replied Jack. “Now he’s gone.”
“Yes, and the lock on the cage has been broken off,” declared the
clown, when he had examined the small box, which was kept locked
between performances. “I must tell Mr. Paine.”
The manager was wrathful when informed of what had happened.
“There’s some queer game going on in this show,” he exclaimed. “If I
find out who’s responsible I’ll discharge him at once. Look around,
Jack, and have some of the men help you. That’s a good part of the
act, and I don’t want it spoiled. Maybe some one hid the rooster for a
joke, though it won’t be very funny for him if I find out who it was.”
Careful search was made for the rooster, but it was not to be found.
It was getting close to the time of the performance when the living
skeleton came in from the freak tent.
“Where’s the old man?” he asked Jack, as Mr. Paine had gone to
another part of the dressing-tent.
“I don’t know. Why?”
“Because the fat lady has kicked up a row, and she says she won’t
go on exhibition. That’ll queer the show.”
“What’s the matter with her?” asked Jack, not caring particularly,
however, as he was anxious about his own act.
“Why, there’s a rooster under the raised platform she sits on, and
she’s superstitious about roosters. She’s afraid she’ll have bad luck.”
“A rooster!” cried Jack. “I’ll get it! I’ll bet it’s the one I’m looking for!”
He ran to the freak tent, the inmates of which knew nothing of the
missing rooster. Lifting up the canvas side of the raised platform,
upon which sat Madam Rosallie del Norto (stage name, her real one
being Mrs. Susan McGinness), Jack saw the missing bird. No sooner
was the canvas flap raised than the rooster began to crow.
Doubtless it imagined it was in the regular cage on top of the airship,
and was waiting for the falling of the sides.
“Some one stole him out of the cage, and hid him here,” thought
Jack, “and I believe I know who did it. Well, I haven’t time to do any
investigating now, for I must get ready for my act. But I’ll tell Mr.
Paine afterward.”
Jack did not get a chance to inform the manager, however, for that
night after his act, which went off successfully, there were hurried
preparations for departure, as there was every indication of another
storm.
The performance was cut short, Mr. Paine going about the ring,
urging the performers to hasten their acts. Jack only did his turn
three times, instead of four.
“There’s a big thunder storm coming up,” explained the manager,
“and I want to get the people out of the tent before it breaks. I’m
going to cut out the final concert.”
But, try as he did, the performance took some time, and when he
gave orders to omit the chariot and other races, there was such
objection from the crowd that he was forced to put them on.
The menagerie tent had been struck, the canvas and poles being
loaded into wagons, and the vehicles started toward the train. There
only remained up the big tent, and as fast as the performers finished
they packed their costumes in trunks, which were carted away.
“Well, we’re done,” said Sam to Jack, as the clowns finished their
turns. “Let’s pack up and get into the car. It’s going to be a bad
storm.”
“I thought we had had enough rain,” observed the boy.
“So did I, but you never can tell much about the weather this time of
year.”
They donned their regular clothes, and, having packed their trunks,
went outside of the dressing-tent. As they did so the whole western
sky seemed to burst into a sheet of flame. At the same time there
was a loud clap of thunder.
“Here it comes!” cried Sam. “Let’s get inside the tent.”
No sooner had they gotten under the shelter of the big canvas than
the rain came down in torrents. The storm suddenly broke in all its
fury.
There was incessant lightning, and the thunder was terribly loud. The
wind swayed the big stretch of tent, and women began to scream in
fright.
“There’ll be a panic in a minute,” said Sam, looking rather alarmed. “I
guess this will end the show.”
It did, for no one cared to look at the races while such a storm was in
progress. The crowd began leaving, and men, at the direction of Mr.
Paine and his assistants, began taking up the board seats, the rattle
and bang of the planks adding to the din and confusion.
The race horses were hurried out of the tent, so that if the people
made a rush the animals would not get frightened and break loose
among them.
Suddenly there came a terrific gust of wind. Some of the smaller tent
poles began swaying dangerously, for there was a terrible strain on
them.
“The tent’s falling down!” cried a foolish man. “Run, everybody!”
Scores of women screamed, and one or two fainted. Then that
seemed to become epidemic, and more women fell backward, pale
and trembling.
“It’s all right! It’s all right!” cried Mr. Paine, trying to quiet the
hysterical ones. “There’s no danger! The tent will not fall!”
But his words had no effect. Louder sounded the thunder, and faster
fell the rain. The tent seemed swaying more and more, and one of
the smaller and unimportant poles snapping in two caused a panic-
stricken rush of people from its vicinity.
“They’re rushing right against the side of the tent!” cried Sam.
“There’s no way to get out there, as it’s against a high bank! There’ll
be a lot of women trampled under foot!”
“Why doesn’t the band play and quiet the rush?” asked Jack, who
had read of such things being done in theatres when there was a fire
panic.
“That’s the stuff!” cried Sam. “Good idea! Come on, we’ll get over to
the band-stand and tell the leader to strike up a tune. Come on!”
He grasped Jack by the arm and half led, half dragged him through
the press of people, who, every second, were becoming more and
more unmanageable.
“Sit down! Stand still! There’s no danger!” cried Mr. Paine, but all in
vain. No one paid any attention to him. He even began pushing the
people back, to prevent the rush against the bank of which Sam had
spoken. He was only shoved to one side. The crowd wanted to get
out, and that in the quickest manner possible.
Just as Jack and Sam got near where the band was stationed (for
the musicians had kept their places), one of the big centre poles
began to sway.
“That’s going to fall,” said Jack, in a low voice, to the head clown.
“It’ll kill a lot of people if it does!”
“Play! Play!” cried Sam frantically. “Play for all you’re worth, fellows!
It’s the only way to stop the rush!”
The band leader comprehended. He gave a signal and the men, who
were rather alarmed at the signs of panic all about them, placed their
instruments in position.
Jack, with horror-stricken eyes, watched the swaying pole. Others
were also looking at it. One man set up a hoarse shout, and more
women screamed. Then, just as the band struck up a lively air, Jack
saw Ike Landon, the boss canvasman, and several of his helpers
spring from the centre of the middle ring toward the swaying pole.
Would he be able to catch the slipping ropes in time, and hold them?
The lives of many depended on him now.
 CHAPTER XXIII
THE MAD ELEPHANT

But Ike was equal to the emergency. With one motion, he had
leaped to the foot of the swaying pole, which held up a great weight
of wet canvas, and he had grabbed the rope which had slipped on
account of the manner in which the tent swayed.
“Come on, you fellows!” yelled Ike to his men.
They came with a rush. The rope was slipping from the grasp of the
head canvasman, but with the aid of his sturdy helpers he managed
to hold it. They took a turn about a tent stake driven deep into the
ground, and the fallen pole was held in place.
“That was a close call,” whispered Sam to Jack.
The boy clown nodded. He had had a glimpse of the dangers that
beset a circus, and he had no liking for them. Only by a narrow
margin had a terrible tragedy been averted.
But now the band was playing. The crowd, that had seen the
masterful manner in which Ike saved the pole from falling, was
becoming quieter. The panic was dying away, though the storm was
now fiercer than ever. The big tent withstood the blast, however, and
the maddened throng, being turned back from rushing at the steep
bank, swerved around and poured out of the main entrance and into
the driving rain.
“Those who wish to remain until after the shower is over may do so!”
shouted Mr. Paine, when the band had done playing. “We will not
take the tent down for some time yet.”
There were cries of thanks from many who had no liking for going
out and getting drenched. Many did go, however, for they lived at a
distance and wanted to get home. Others, more nervous, still had
some fear that the tent would fall.
“We can’t do much in this storm, anyhow,” said the manager to some
of his men, who had gathered near him. “Get the seats out of the
way, and we’ll take the tent down as soon as it stops blowing. The
other stuff can go, and we’ll hold a few cars for the canvas and rush
it through on an extra.”
Half an hour later the storm had practically ceased, and then came
the hard work of taking down a wet tent. You boys who have gone
camping, and been obliged to handle your small tent when it was
soaking wet, have some idea what it means to handle tons of damp
canvas. Yet the circus men went at it as if it was the easiest thing in
the world, and to such a system had they reduced the work that the
tent was down in a short time, and packed in wagons, ready to run
on the flat cars.
Jack and Sam, when they saw that the danger was over, had gone
to the train, and, with the other performers, were soon being whirled
to the next town where the show was to give an exhibition.
“Well, this is something like weather,” remarked Sam the next
morning, as he peered out of the sleeping-car window. The sun was
shining brightly and the air was soft and warm. There was scarcely a
trace of yesterday’s storm, though this town was but thirty miles from
the one where the tent had so nearly fallen.
“I dreamed I was being smothered under a lot of canvas coverings,”
said Jack.
“I nearly was, once,” declared Sam simply.
“How?”
“Just like last night. Tent blew down in a tornado, and the whole
show, and a big crowd, was caught. Pole hit me on the head, and I
lay there unconscious and slowly smothering. They got me out in
time, but fifteen people were killed.”
“This is a more dangerous life than I thought,” mused Jack.
“Dangerous? I guess it is. Folks on the outside don’t know anything
about it. They think being in a circus is fun. I wish some of them had
about six months of it.”
The performances that afternoon and evening went off well, and for
a week after that the circus played in good weather. The show was
gradually working back east, and as there had been big crowds, and
no mishaps to speak of, every one was in good humor.
Jack had no further trouble with the ugly ringmaster and Ted
Chester, and his act was now looked upon as one of the most
“drawing” features of the show. Mr. Paine promised the lad if he
would stay with him the next season that he would pay our hero
twenty-five dollars a week.
Jack did not know what to do. He had quite a sum saved up, but not
enough to go to China with, and yet he desired to go and seek his
parents. He disliked to do as Sam had suggested, and appeal to the
professor, although he felt that it might be the best plan. If no news
had been received from China, Jack made up his mind he would
remain with the circus for another summer, but there was one
difficulty in the way.
The show had no winter season, and Jack would be out of a job until
next spring. He would have to live in the meantime, and, unless he
could get a place in some theatre, which was doubtful, all his savings
might go to support him while the show was in winter quarters. It was
a harder problem to solve than he had any idea of, and he decided
he would talk with Sam about it.
“That’s what I’ll do,” Jack decided one day after the afternoon
performance had come to a close. “I’ll ask him what he would do.”
Sam was not in the dressing-tent, and on inquiring where he was
Jack was told that his friend was in the animal tent talking to one of
the trainers. Thither the boy clown went.
As he passed the roped-off enclosure where the elephants were
chained to heavy stakes, Jack saw Bill Henyon, the trainer of the
huge beasts, rather carefully regarding Ajax, the largest tusker in the
herd.
“Going to put him through some new tricks, Mr. Henyon?” asked
Jack, for he had made friends with the elephant trainer. The man
shook his head.
“Something’s wrong with Ajax,” he said. “I don’t like the way he’s
acting. He’s ugly with me, and he never was that way before. I’m
afraid I’m going to have trouble. He acts to me as if he was going to
have a mad spell.”
“Do elephants get mad?” asked Jack.
“Well, not in the way dogs do, but there comes a certain time when
they get off their feed, or when they have distemper or something
like that, and then they go off in a rage, destroying everything they
come up against. When an elephant gets that way in the wild state
they call him a ‘rogue,’ and even the best hunters steer clear of him.
He’s a solitary brute, that kills for the love of killing.”
“Do you think Ajax will get that way?”
“I hope not, yet I don’t like the way he’s behaving. I think I’ll double
shackle him.”
Jack passed on, glad that it was not his duty to take charge of the
big ungainly brutes. Mr. Henyon proceeded to fasten Ajax to the
ground with heavy chains about the animal’s feet.
“Now if you want to go off on a tantrum, you’ll have hard work getting
away,” remarked the elephant man.
Ajax looked at his keeper with his wicked little eyes, and, lifting up
his trunk, gave a shrill trumpet. Nor was the animal trainer’s mind
made any more easy as he noticed that Ajax was not doing his
accustomed swaying motion, which all those big beasts, at least in
captivity, seem to be always doing. Clearly something was wrong
with Ajax.
Jack found Sam, and had a long talk with his friend. The head clown
again advised the boy to write to the professor, and see if any news
had come from the boy’s folks.
“If they’re still somewhere in China,” said Sam, “you had better stick
with the show. Maybe I can help you get a place in some theatre this
winter.”
“All right, I’ll do as you say,” agreed Jack. “I’ll write to-morrow. But
now I’ve got to go and fix some things on my airship. I broke a hoop
in the bag this afternoon.”
Jack started for the property tent, and he had scarcely reached it
when, from the menagerie, there came such a terrifying yell, mingled
with a trumpet of rage, that every one who heard it stood still in
horror.
“That’s an elephant!” cried Mr. Delafield. “Something’s gone wrong!”
“Ajax! It must be Ajax!” shouted Jack. “Bill told me he was acting
queer a while ago!”
“Then he’s killed some one,” exclaimed the property man, as he
rushed from his tent. “I know that yell. I heard one like it once before!
Ajax has killed a man!”
Jack ran out of the tent after Mr. Delafield. As he got outside he
heard the shrill trumpet again. Then came a rattle of chains, and a
side of the animal tent bulged out.
“Ajax’s loose! Ajax’s loose!” cried a man, and the next instant the
mad elephant, which had broken the double chains, rushed from the
tent, trunk in the air, trumpeting shrilly, its wicked little eyes agleam
with rage.