Handbook of Regression Analysis With

Applications in R, Second Edition

Samprit Chatterjee
Visit to download the full and correct content document:
https://ebookmass.com/product/handbook-of-regression-analysis-with-applications-in-
r-second-edition-samprit-chatterjee/
More products digital (pdf, epub, mobi) instant
download maybe you interests ...

Handbook of statistical analysis and data mining

applications Second Edition Elder

https://ebookmass.com/product/handbook-of-statistical-analysis-
and-data-mining-applications-second-edition-elder/

Primer of applied regression and analysis of variance

3rd Edition Glantz S.A.

https://ebookmass.com/product/primer-of-applied-regression-and-
analysis-of-variance-3rd-edition-glantz-s-a/

Primer of Applied Regression & Analysis of Variance 3rd

edition Edition Stanton A. Glantz

https://ebookmass.com/product/primer-of-applied-regression-
analysis-of-variance-3rd-edition-edition-stanton-a-glantz/

Valuing Businesses Using Regression Analysis C. Fred

Hall

https://ebookmass.com/product/valuing-businesses-using-
regression-analysis-c-fred-hall/
Introduction to Linear Regression Analysis (Wiley
Series in Probability and Statistics) 6th Edition
Montgomery

https://ebookmass.com/product/introduction-to-linear-regression-
analysis-wiley-series-in-probability-and-statistics-6th-edition-
montgomery/

Random Process Analysis With R Marco Bittelli

https://ebookmass.com/product/random-process-analysis-with-r-
marco-bittelli/

An Introduction to Statistical Learning with

Applications in R eBook

https://ebookmass.com/product/an-introduction-to-statistical-
learning-with-applications-in-r-ebook/

Oxford handbook of nutrition and dietetics Second

Edition, Reprinted (With Corrections) Edition Gandy

https://ebookmass.com/product/oxford-handbook-of-nutrition-and-
dietetics-second-edition-reprinted-with-corrections-edition-
gandy/

Data Analysis for the Life Sciences with R 1st Edition

https://ebookmass.com/product/data-analysis-for-the-life-
sciences-with-r-1st-edition/
Handbook of Regression Analysis
With Applications in R
WILEY SERIES IN PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS
Established by WALTER A. SHEWHART and SAMUEL S. WILKS
Editors
David J. Balding, Noel A.C. Cressie, Garrett M. Fitzmaurice, Harvey
Goldstein, Geert Molenberghs, David W. Scott, Adrian F.M. Smith, and
Ruey S. Tsay
Editors Emeriti
Vic Barnett, Ralph A. Bradley, J. Stuart Hunter, J.B. Kadane, David G.
Kendall, and Jozef L. Teugels
A complete list of the titles in this series appears at the end of this volume.
Handbook of Regression
Analysis With Applications
in R

Second Edition

Samprit Chatterjee
New York University, New York, USA

Jeffrey S. Simonoff
New York University, New York, USA
This second edition first published 2020
© 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

Edition History
Wiley-Blackwell (1e, 2013)

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in
any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by
law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/
permissions.

The right of Samprit Chatterjee and Jeffery S. Simonoff to be identified as the authors of this work has been
asserted in accordance with law.

Registered Office
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA

Editorial Office
111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA

For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley products visit us
at www.wiley.com.

Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Some content that
appears in standard print versions of this book may not be available in other formats.

Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty

While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no representations
or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all
warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular
purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials or promotional
statements for this work. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation
and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the
information or services the organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. This
work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The
advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist
where appropriate. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or
disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be
liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental,
consequential, or other damages.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Chatterjee, Samprit, 1938- author. | Simonoff, Jeffrey S., author.

Title: Handbook of regression analysis with applications in R / Professor
Samprit Chatterjee, New York University, Professor Jeffrey S. Simonoff,
New York University.
Other titles: Handbook of regression analysis
Description: Second edition. | Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 2020. | Series: Wiley
series in probability and statistics | Revised edition of: Handbook of
regression analysis. 2013. | Includes bibliographical references and
index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020006580 (print) | LCCN 2020006581 (ebook) | ISBN
9781119392378 (hardback) | ISBN 9781119392477 (adobe pdf) | ISBN
9781119392484 (epub)
Subjects: LCSH: Regression analysis--Handbooks, manuals, etc. | R (Computer
program language)
Classification: LCC QA278.2 .C498 2020 (print) | LCC QA278.2 (ebook) |
DDC 519.5/36--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020006580
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020006581

Cover Design: Wiley

Cover Image: © Dmitriy Rybin/Shutterstock

Set in 10.82/12pt AGaramondPro by SPi Global, Chennai, India

Printed in the United States of America

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Dedicated to everyone who labors in the field
of statistics, whether they are students,
teachers, researchers, or data analysts.
 Contents

Preface to the Second Edition xv

Preface to the First Edition xix

Part I
The Multiple Linear Regression Model

1 Multiple Linear Regression 3

1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Concepts and Background Material 4
1.2.1 The Linear Regression Model 4
1.2.2 Estimation Using Least Squares 5
1.2.3 Assumptions 8
1.3 Methodology 9
1.3.1 Interpreting Regression Coefficients 9
1.3.2 Measuring the Strength of the Regression
Relationship 10
1.3.3 Hypothesis Tests and Confidence Intervals
for β 12
1.3.4 Fitted Values and Predictions 13
1.3.5 Checking Assumptions Using Residual Plots 14
1.4 Example — Estimating Home Prices 15
1.5 Summary 19

2 Model Building 23
2.1 Introduction 23
2.2 Concepts and Background Material 24
2.2.1 Using Hypothesis Tests to Compare Models 24
2.2.2 Collinearity 26
2.3 Methodology 29
2.3.1 Model Selection 29
2.3.2 Example — Estimating Home Prices
(continued) 31
2.4 Indicator Variables and Modeling Interactions 38
2.4.1 Example — Electronic Voting and the 2004
Presidential Election 40
2.5 Summary 46

vii
viii CONTENTS

Part II
Addressing Violations of Assumptions

3 Diagnostics for Unusual Observations 53

3.1 Introduction 53
3.2 Concepts and Background Material 54
3.3 Methodology 56
3.3.1 Residuals and Outliers 56
3.3.2 Leverage Points 57
3.3.3 Influential Points and Cook’s Distance 58
3.4 Example — Estimating Home Prices (continued) 60
3.5 Summary 63

4 Transformations and Linearizable Models 67

4.1 Introduction 67
4.2 Concepts and Background Material: The Log-Log Model 69
4.3 Concepts and Background Material: Semilog Models 69
4.3.1 Logged Response Variable 70
4.3.2 Logged Predictor Variable 70
4.4 Example — Predicting Movie Grosses After One Week 71
4.5 Summary 77

5 Time Series Data and Autocorrelation 79

5.1 Introduction 79
5.2 Concepts and Background Material 81
5.3 Methodology: Identifying Autocorrelation 83
5.3.1 The Durbin-Watson Statistic 83
5.3.2 The Autocorrelation Function (ACF) 84
5.3.3 Residual Plots and the Runs Test 85
5.4 Methodology: Addressing Autocorrelation 86
5.4.1 Detrending and Deseasonalizing 86
5.4.2 Example — e-Commerce Retail Sales 87
5.4.3 Lagging and Differencing 93
5.4.4 Example — Stock Indexes 94
5.4.5 Generalized Least Squares (GLS):
The Cochrane-Orcutt Procedure 99
5.4.6 Example — Time Intervals Between Old Faithful
Geyser Eruptions 100
5.5 Summary 104
CONTENTS ix

Part III
Categorical Predictors

6 Analysis of Variance 109

6.1 Introduction 109
6.2 Concepts and Background Material 110
6.2.1 One-Way ANOVA 110
6.2.2 Two-Way ANOVA 111
6.3 Methodology 113
6.3.1 Codings for Categorical Predictors 113
6.3.2 Multiple Comparisons 118
6.3.3 Levene’s Test and Weighted Least Squares 120
6.3.4 Membership in Multiple Groups 123
6.4 Example — DVD Sales of Movies 125
6.5 Higher-Way ANOVA 130
6.6 Summary 132

7 Analysis of Covariance 135

7.1 Introduction 135
7.2 Methodology 136
7.2.1 Constant Shift Models 136
7.2.2 Varying Slope Models 137
7.3 Example — International Grosses of Movies 137
7.4 Summary 142

Part IV
Non-Gaussian Regression Models

8 Logistic Regression 145

8.1 Introduction 145
8.2 Concepts and Background Material 147
8.2.1 The Logit Response Function 148
8.2.2 Bernoulli and Binomial Random Variables 149
8.2.3 Prospective and Retrospective Designs 149
8.3 Methodology 152
8.3.1 Maximum Likelihood Estimation 152
8.3.2 Inference, Model Comparison, and Model
Selection 153
x CONTENTS

8.3.3 Goodness-of-Fit 155

8.3.4 Measures of Association and Classification
Accuracy 157
8.3.5 Diagnostics 159
8.4 Example — Smoking and Mortality 159
8.5 Example — Modeling Bankruptcy 163
8.6 Summary 168

9 Multinomial Regression 173

9.1 Introduction 173
9.2 Concepts and Background Material 174
9.2.1 Nominal Response Variable 174
9.2.2 Ordinal Response Variable 176
9.3 Methodology 178
9.3.1 Estimation 178
9.3.2 Inference, Model Comparisons, and Strength of
Fit 178
9.3.3 Lack of Fit and Violations of
Assumptions 180
9.4 Example — City Bond Ratings 180
9.5 Summary 184

10 Count Regression 187

10.1 Introduction 187
10.2 Concepts and Background Material 188
10.2.1 The Poisson Random Variable 188
10.2.2 Generalized Linear Models 189
10.3 Methodology 190
10.3.1 Estimation and Inference 190
10.3.2 Offsets 191
10.4 Overdispersion and Negative Binomial Regression 192
10.4.1 Quasi-likelihood 192
10.4.2 Negative Binomial Regression 193
10.5 Example — Unprovoked Shark Attacks in Florida 194
10.6 Other Count Regression Models 201
10.7 Poisson Regression and Weighted Least Squares 203
10.7.1 Example — International Grosses of Movies
(continued) 204
10.8 Summary 206

11 Models for Time-to-Event (Survival) Data 209

11.1 Introduction 210
11.2 Concepts and Background Material 211
11.2.1 The Nature of Survival Data 211
11.2.2 Accelerated Failure Time Models 212
11.2.3 The Proportional Hazards Model 214
CONTENTS xi

11.3 Methodology 214

11.3.1 The Kaplan-Meier Estimator and the Log-Rank
Test 214
11.3.2 Parametric (Likelihood) Estimation 219
11.3.3 Semiparametric (Partial Likelihood)
Estimation 221
11.3.4 The Buckley-James Estimator 223
11.4 Example — The Survival of Broadway Shows
(continued) 223
11.5 Left-Truncated/Right-Censored Data and Time-Varying
Covariates 230
11.5.1 Left-Truncated/Right-Censored Data 230
11.5.2 Example — The Survival of Broadway Shows
(continued) 233
11.5.3 Time-Varying Covariates 233
11.5.4 Example — Female Heads of Government 235
11.6 Summary 238

Part V
Other Regression Models

12 Nonlinear Regression 243

12.1 Introduction 243
12.2 Concepts and Background Material 244
12.3 Methodology 246
12.3.1 Nonlinear Least Squares Estimation 246
12.3.2 Inference for Nonlinear Regression Models 247
12.4 Example — Michaelis-Menten Enzyme Kinetics 248
12.5 Summary 252

13 Models for Longitudinal and Nested Data 255

13.1 Introduction 255
13.2 Concepts and Background Material 257
13.2.1 Nested Data and ANOVA 257
13.2.2 Longitudinal Data and Time Series 258
13.2.3 Fixed Effects Versus Random Effects 259
13.3 Methodology 260
13.3.1 The Linear Mixed Effects Model 260
13.3.2 The Generalized Linear Mixed Effects Model 262
13.3.3 Generalized Estimating Equations 262
13.3.4 Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models 263
13.4 Example — Tumor Growth in a Cancer Study 264
13.5 Example — Unprovoked Shark Attacks in the United
States 269
13.6 Summary 275
xii CONTENTS

14 Regularization Methods and Sparse Models 277

14.1 Introduction 277
14.2 Concepts and Background Material 278
14.2.1 The Bias–Variance Tradeoff 278
14.2.2 Large Numbers of Predictors and Sparsity 279
14.3 Methodology 280
14.3.1 Forward Stepwise Regression 280
14.3.2 Ridge Regression 281
14.3.3 The Lasso 281
14.3.4 Other Regularization Methods 283
14.3.5 Choosing the Regularization Parameter(s) 284
14.3.6 More Structured Regression Problems 285
14.3.7 Cautions About Regularization Methods 286
14.4 Example — Human Development Index 287
14.5 Summary 289

Part VI
Nonparametric and Semiparametric
Models

15 Smoothing and Additive Models 295

15.1 Introduction 296
15.2 Concepts and Background Material 296
15.2.1 The Bias–Variance Tradeoff 296
15.2.2 Smoothing and Local Regression 297
15.3 Methodology 298
15.3.1 Local Polynomial Regression 298
15.3.2 Choosing the Bandwidth 298
15.3.3 Smoothing Splines 299
15.3.4 Multiple Predictors, the Curse of Dimensionality, and
Additive Models 300
15.4 Example — Prices of German Used Automobiles 301
15.5 Local and Penalized Likelihood Regression 304
15.5.1 Example — The Bechdel Rule and Hollywood
Movies 305
15.6 Using Smoothing to Identify Interactions 307
15.6.1 Example — Estimating Home Prices
(continued) 308
15.7 Summary 310

16 Tree-Based Models 313

16.1 Introduction 314
16.2 Concepts and Background Material 314
16.2.1 Recursive Partitioning 314
16.2.2 Types of Trees 317
CONTENTS xiii

16.3 Methodology 318

16.3.1 CART 318
16.3.2 Conditional Inference Trees 319
16.3.3 Ensemble Methods 320
16.4 Examples 321
16.4.1 Estimating Home Prices (continued) 321
16.4.2 Example — Courtesy in Airplane Travel 322
16.5 Trees for Other Types of Data 327
16.5.1 Trees for Nested and Longitudinal Data 327
16.5.2 Survival Trees 328
16.6 Summary 332

Bibliography 337
Index 343
 Preface to the
Second Edition

The years since the first edition of this book appeared have been fast-moving
in the world of data analysis and statistics. Algorithmically-based methods
operating under the banner of machine learning, artificial intelligence, or
data science have come to the forefront of public perceptions about how to
analyze data, and more than a few pundits have predicted the demise of classic
statistical modeling.
To paraphrase Mark Twain, we believe that reports of the (impending)
death of statistical modeling in general, and regression modeling in particular,
are exaggerated. The great advantage that statistical models have over “black
box” algorithms is that in addition to effective prediction, their transparency
also provides guidance about the actual underlying process (which is crucial
for decision making), and affords the possibilities of making inferences and
distinguishing real effects from random variation based on those models.
There have been laudable attempts to encourage making machine learning
algorithms interpretable in the ways regression models are (Rudin, 2019), but
we believe that models based on statistical considerations and principles will
have a place in the analyst’s toolkit for a long time to come.
Of course, part of that usefulness comes from the ability to generalize
regression models to more complex situations, and that is the thrust of the
changes in this new edition. One thing that hasn’t changed is the philosophy
behind the book, and our recommendations on how it can be best used, and
we encourage the reader to refer to the preface to the first edition for guidance
on those points. There have been small changes to the original chapters, and
broad descriptions of those chapters can also be found in the preface to the
first edition. The five new chapters (Chapters 11, 13, 14, 15, and 16, with
the former chapter 11 on nonlinear regression moving to Chapter 12) expand
greatly on the power and applicability of regression models beyond what
was discussed in the first edition. For this reason many more references are
provided in these chapters than in the earlier ones, since some of the material
in those chapters is less established and less well-known, with much of it still
the subject of active research. In keeping with that, we do not spend much
(or any) time on issues for which there still isn’t necessarily a consensus in the
statistical community, but point to books and monographs that can help the
analyst get some perspective on that kind of material.
Chapter 11 discusses the modeling of time-to-event data, often referred
to as survival data. The response variable measures the length of time until an
event occurs, and a common complicator is that sometimes it is only known
xv
xvi PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION

that a response value is greater than some number; that is, it is right-censored.
This can naturally occur, for example, in a clinical trial in which subjects
enter the study at varying times, and the event of interest has not occurred at
the end of the trial. Analysis focuses on the survival function (the probability
of surviving past a given time) and the hazard function (the instantaneous
probability of the event occurring at a given time given survival to that
time). Parametric models based on appropriate distributions like the Weibull
or log-logistic can be fit that take censoring into account. Semiparametric
models like the Cox proportional hazards model (the most commonly-used
model) and the Buckley-James estimator are also available, which weaken
distributional assumptions. Modeling can be adapted to situations where
event times are truncated, and also when there are covariates that change over
the life of the subject.
Chapter 13 extends applications to data with multiple observations for
each subject consistent with some structure from the underlying process. Such
data can take the form of nested or clustered data (such as students all in
one classroom) or longitudinal data (where a variable is measured at multiple
times for each subject). In this situation ignoring that structure results in an
induced correlation that reflects unmodeled differences between classrooms
and subjects, respectively. Mixed effects models generalize analysis of variance
(ANOVA) models and time series models to this more complicated situation.
Models with linear effects based on Gaussian distributions can be generalized
to nonlinear models, and also can be generalized to non-Gaussian distributions
through the use of generalized linear mixed effects models.
Modern data applications can involve very large (even massive) numbers of
predictors, which can cause major problems for standard regression methods.
Best subsets regression (discussed in Chapter 2) does not scale well to very
large numbers of predictors, and Chapter 14 discusses approaches that can
accomplish that. Forward stepwise regression, in which potential predictors
are stepped in one at a time, is an alternative to best subsets that scales
to massive data sets. A systematic approach to reducing the dimensionality
of a chosen regression model is through the use of regularization, in which
the usual estimation criterion is augmented with a penalty that encourages
sparsity; the most commonly-used version of this is the lasso estimator, and it
and its generalizations are discussed further.
Chapters 15 and 16 discuss methods that move away from specified
relationships between the response and the predictor to nonparametric and
semiparametric methods, in which the data are used to choose the form of
the underlying relationship. In Chapter 15 linear or (specifically specified)
nonlinear relationships are replaced with the notion of relationships taking the
form of smooth curves and surfaces. Estimation at a particular location is based
on local information; that is, the values of the response in a local neighborhood
of that location. This can be done through local versions of weighted least
squares (local polynomial estimation) or local regularization (smoothing
splines). Such methods can also be used to help identify interactions between
numerical predictors in linear regression modeling. Single predictor smoothing
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION xvii

estimators can be generalized to multiple predictors through the use of additive

functions of smooth curves. Chapter 16 focuses on an extremely flexible class of
nonparametric regression estimators, tree-based methods. Trees are based on
the notion of binary recursive partitioning. At each step a set of observations (a
node) is either split into two parts (children nodes) on the basis of the values of
a chosen variable, or is not split at all, based on encouraging homogeneity in the
children nodes. This approach provides nonparametric alternatives to linear
regression (regression trees), logistic and multinomial regression (classification
trees), accelerated failure time and proportional hazards regression (survival
trees) and mixed effects regression (longitudinal trees).
A final small change from the first edition to the second edition is in the
title, as it now includes the phrase With Applications in R. This is not really
a change, of course, as all of the analyses in the first edition were performed
using the statistics package R. Code for the output and figures in the book
can (still) be found at its associated web site at http://people.stern
.nyu.edu/jsimonof/RegressionHandbook/. As was the case in the
first edition, even though analyses are performed in R, we still refer to general
issues relevant to a data analyst in the use of statistical software even if those
issues don’t specifically apply to R.
We would like to once again thank our students and colleagues for their
encouragement and support, and in particular students for the tough questions
that have definitely affected our views on statistical modeling and by extension
this book. We would like to thank Jon Gurstelle, and later Kathleen Santoloci
and Mindy Okura-Marszycki, for approaching us with encouragement to
undertake a second edition. We would like to thank Sarah Keegan for her
patient support in bringing the book to fruition in her role as Project Editor.
We would like to thank Roni Chambers for computing assistance, and Glenn
Heller and Marc Scott for looking at earlier drafts of chapters. Finally, we
would like to thank our families for their continuing love and support.

SAMPRIT CHATTERJEE
Brooksville, Maine

JEFFREY S. SIMONOFF
New York, New York

October, 2019
 Preface to the
First Edition

How to Use This Book

This book is designed to be a practical guide to regression modeling. There is
little theory here, and methodology appears in the service of the ultimate goal
of analyzing real data using appropriate regression tools. As such, the target
audience of the book includes anyone who is faced with regression data [that
is, data where there is a response variable that is being modeled as a function
of other variable(s)], and whose goal is to learn as much as possible from
that data.
The book can be used as a text for an applied regression course (indeed,
much of it is based on handouts that have been given to students in such a
course), but that is not its primary purpose; rather, it is aimed much more
broadly as a source of practical advice on how to address the problems that
come up when dealing with regression data. While a text is usually organized
in a way that makes the chapters interdependent, successively building on
each other, that is not the case here. Indeed, we encourage readers to dip into
different chapters for practical advice on specific topics as needed. The pace
of the book is faster than might typically be the case for a text. The coverage,
while at an applied level, does not shy away from sophisticated concepts. It is
distinct from, for example, Chatterjee and Hadi (2012), while also having less
theoretical focus than texts such as Greene (2011), Montgomery et al. (2012),
or Sen and Srivastava (1990).
This, however, is not a cookbook that presents a mechanical approach to
doing regression analysis. Data analysis is perhaps an art, and certainly a craft;
we believe that the goal of any data analysis book should be to help analysts
develop the skills and experience necessary to adjust to the inevitable twists
and turns that come up when analyzing real data.
We assume that the reader possesses a nodding acquaintance with regres-
sion analysis. The reader should be familiar with the basic terminology and
should have been exposed to basic regression techniques and concepts, at least
at the level of simple (one-predictor) linear regression. We also assume that
the user has access to a computer with an adequate regression package. The
material presented here is not tied to any particular software. Almost all of the
analyses described here can be performed by most standard packages, although
the ease of doing this could vary. All of the analyses presented here were
done using the free package R (R Development Core Team, 2017), which is
available for many different operating system platforms (see http://www
.R-project.org/ for more information). Code for the output and figures

xix
xx PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION

in the book can be found at its associated web site at http://people

.stern.nyu.edu/jsimonof/RegressionHandbook/.
Each chapter of the book is laid out in a similar way, with most having at
least four sections of specific types. First is an introduction, where the general
issues that will be discussed in that chapter are presented. A section on concepts
and background material follows, where a discussion of the relationship of
the chapter’s material to the broader study of regression data is the focus.
This section also provides any theoretical background for the material that is
necessary. Sections on methodology follow, where the specific tools used in
the chapter are discussed. This is where relevant algorithmic details are likely
to appear. Finally, each chapter includes at least one analysis of real data using
the methods discussed in the chapter (as well as appropriate material from
earlier chapters), including both methodological and graphical analyses.
The book begins with discussion of the multiple regression model. Many
regression textbooks start with discussion of simple regression before moving
on to multiple regression. This is quite reasonable from a pedagogical point
of view, since simple regression has the great advantage of being easy to
understand graphically, but from a practical point of view simple regression
is rarely the primary tool in analysis of real data. For that reason, we start
with multiple regression, and note the simplifications that come from the
special case of a single predictor. Chapter 1 describes the basics of the multiple
regression model, including the assumptions being made, and both estimation
and inference tools, while also giving an introduction to the use of residual
plots to check assumptions.
Since it is unlikely that the first model examined will ultimately be the
final preferred model, Chapter 2 focuses on the very important areas of model
building and model selection. This includes addressing the issue of collinearity,
as well as the use of both hypothesis tests and information measures to help
choose among candidate models.
Chapters 3 through 5 study common violations of regression assumptions,
and methods available to address those model violations. Chapter 3 focuses on
unusual observations (outliers and leverage points), while Chapter 4 describes
how transformations (especially the log transformation) can often address both
nonlinearity and nonconstant variance violations. Chapter 5 is an introduction
to time series regression, and the problems caused by autocorrelation. Time
series analysis is a vast area of statistical methodology, so our goal in this
chapter is only to provide a good practical introduction to that area in the
context of regression analysis.
Chapters 6 and 7 focus on the situation where there are categorical variables
among the predictors. Chapter 6 treats analysis of variance (ANOVA) models,
which include only categorical predictors, while Chapter 7 looks at analysis of
covariance (ANCOVA) models, which include both numerical and categorical
predictors. The examination of interaction effects is a fundamental aspect of
these models, as are questions related to simultaneous comparison of many
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION xxi

groups to each other. Data of this type often exhibit nonconstant variance
related to the different subgroups in the population, and the appropriate tool
to address this issue, weighted least squares, is also a focus here.
Chapters 8 though 10 examine the situation where the nature of the
response variable is such that Gaussian-based least squares regression is no
longer appropriate. Chapter 8 focuses on logistic regression, designed for
binary response data and based on the binomial random variable. While
there are many parallels between logistic regression analysis and least squares
regression analysis, there are also issues that come up in logistic regression
that require special care. Chapter 9 uses the multinomial random variable to
generalize the models of Chapter 8 to allow for multiple categories in the
response variable, outlining models designed for response variables that either
do or do not have ordered categories. Chapter 10 focuses on response data in
the form of counts, where distributions like the Poisson and negative binomial
play a central role. The connection between all these models through the
generalized linear model framework is also exploited in this chapter.
The final chapter focuses on situations where linearity does not hold,
and a nonlinear relationship is necessary. Although these models are based on
least squares, from both an algorithmic and inferential point of view there
are strong connections with the models of Chapters 8 through 10, which we
highlight.
This Handbook can be used in several different ways. First, a reader may
use the book to find information on a specific topic. An analyst might want
additional information on, for example, logistic regression or autocorrelation.
The chapters on these (and other) topics provide the reader with this subject
matter information. As noted above, the chapters also include at least one
analysis of a data set, a clarification of computer output, and reference to
sources where additional material can be found. The chapters in the book are
to a large extent self-contained and can be consulted independently of other
chapters.
The book can also be used as a template for what we view as a reasonable
approach to data analysis in general. This is based on the cyclical paradigm
of model formulation, model fitting, model evaluation, and model updating
leading back to model (re)formulation. Statistical significance of test statistics
does not necessarily mean that an adequate model has been obtained. Further
analysis needs to be performed before the fitted model can be regarded as
an acceptable description of the data, and this book concentrates on this
important aspect of regression methodology. Detection of deficiencies of fit
is based on both testing and graphical methods, and both approaches are
highlighted here.
This preface is intended to indicate ways in which the Handbook can
be used. Our hope is that it will be a useful guide for data analysts, and will
help contribute to effective analyses. We would like to thank our students and
colleagues for their encouragement and support. We hope we have provided
xxii PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION

them with a book of which they would approve. We would like to thank Steve
Quigley, Jackie Palmieri, and Amy Hendrickson for their help in bringing this
manuscript to print. We would also like to thank our families for their love
and support.

SAMPRIT CHATTERJEE
Brooksville, Maine

JEFFREY S. SIMONOFF
New York, New York

August, 2012
Part One

The Multiple Linear

Regression Model
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
 + Cath World 112:408 D ’20 160w

“These eight plays have a literary quality and a somewhat

philosophical viewpoint that make them as readable as stories. Miss
Glaspell writes in a crisp, descriptive style and she shows keen
insight into the underlying human motives. ‘Trifles’ is a really great
play.”

+ Ind 104:383 D 11 ’20 50w

“The publication of Miss Glaspell’s collected plays at last lifts them

out of the tawdriness of their original production and lets them live
by their own inherent life. That life is strong, though it is never rich.
In truth, it is thin. Only it is thin not like a wisp of straw, but like a
tongue of flame.” Ludwig Lewisohn

+ − Nation 111:509 N 3 ’20 1100w

“Miss Glaspell’s style, while not especially distinguished, is

entertaining and easy to read.” H. S. Gorman

+ N Y Times 25:22 Jl 18 ’20 250w

“The well-rounded laughter of ‘Suppressed desires’ becomes a

trifle more angular in the comedies from a single pen, ‘Woman’s
honor,’ and ‘Close the book.’ In all the plays there is a deeper
meaning, the presence of an interesting idea or ideal, yet, as in
‘Woman’s honor’ and ‘The outside,’ the idea often remains veiled.
‘Bernice’ may be read with an intensity of thought. Yet, as a play,
acted upon a stage, what was intense might easily become
monotonous.”
 + − Springf’d Republican p8 O 14 ’20 600w

“For readers who can achieve an artistic perspective in relation to

these plays there is satisfaction in finding, after reading and
rereading them all, that the big things are the good ones, and that the
biggest is the best. It is as if Miss Glaspell hit a far target more easily
than one close by.”

+ Theatre Arts Magazine 4:349 O ’20

320w
Wis Lib Bul 16:235 D ’20 60w

GLEASON, ARTHUR HUNTINGTON. What

the workers want: a study of British labor. *$4
Harcourt, Brace & Howe 331

20–9059

As a result of five years’ study of the British, the author predicts

that England will make an early and sane adjustment to the new
impulses of the human spirit now striving for expression throughout
the world and that she will be the first country to enter the new age
equipped and unembittered. His summary of the wants of the
workers today is: “The workers wish to be the public servants of
community enterprise, not the hired hands of private enterprise.
They refuse to work longer for a system of private profits divided in
part among non-producers. They demand a share in the control and
responsibilities of the work they do (not only welfare and workshop
conditions, but discipline and management and commercial
administration). They demand a good life, which means a standard
of living (in terms of wages and hours) that provides leisure,
recreation, education, health, comfort, and security.” (Chapter 1) The
contents report all the important events and tendencies in the
industrial world since the war under the sections: Chaos and
aspirations; The year; The way they do it; What the workers want;
Problems; The summing up. The appendix gives in full the important
documents of the social revolution and is divided into the sections:
The employers; Masters and men; The workers; The judgment; The
public. There is an index.

“A thoroughgoing and interesting summary of movements, forces

and men in the British labor situation.”

+ Booklist 16:329 Jl ’20

“The feature that gives the book its greatest value, is its profound
understanding of the British people, whose industrial and political
problems it describes and illumines with such keen comment.” T. M.
Ave-Lallemant

+ Freeman 2:164 O 27 ’20 1000w

“There is little attempt to give the historic background of the

various groups, but the reader who has been awakened at all to the
new authority with which labor is speaking in Britain and, to its
influence upon world politics, as well as upon labor problems in the
narrower sense, will find here the best material yet available for
understanding the situation.”

+ Int J Ethics 31:115 O ’20 150w

 “The account of the Coal commission, with its shrewd and playful
pictures of the chief actors, is an illustration of what is, to the general
reader, both the book’s greatest charm and its greatest danger—its
emphasis on the personalities of the labor movement. The danger is
that of a heroistic reading of current tendencies. The book nowhere
gets put together, and Mr Gleason’s generalizations are likely to
come as shrewd asides.” C. L. Goodrich

+ − J Pol Econ 28:855 D ’20 1550w

“Mr Gleason reports contemporary history as a dramatist might

compose a pageant. He sets the stage, describes the dramatis
personae, and juxtaposes their significant utterances. The result
gives an effect of authentic composition. As is usual with Mr
Gleason’s books, not the least valuable part of ‘What the workers
want’ is the bulky appendix.” G: Soule

+ Nation 111:133 Jl 31 ’20 860w

“This book is the ablest piece of reporting I have seen in several

years. It is vivid, singularly intimate in its knowledge, and with a
frank recognition of the problems involved that gives it an objectivity
rare in books of the kind. Mr Gleason has had a preparation
unparalleled among American students for this work.” H. J. L.

+ New Repub 23:65 Je 9 ’20 1250w

“There is so much that is excellent and of timely consequence in

Mr Gleason’s 500–page volume that it is difficult to feel either
patient or charitable toward the author when, occasionally, he seems
to lose his head.”
 + − N Y Times p2 Ag 15 ’20 2000w
+ Survey 44:416 Je 19 ’20 240w

[2]
GLINSKI, ANTONI JÓZEF. Polish fairy tales;
tr. by Maude Ashurst Biggs. il *$5 Lane

21–658

These tales representing the folk lore of the eastern provinces of

Poland and White Russia are of extreme age, some of them dating
back to primitive Aryan times. There is an obvious likeness between
them and the folk lore of other European nations and they are taken
from a larger collection made by A. J. Glinski. They are beautifully
illustrated in color by Cecile Walton, and an explanatory appendix is
added by the translator. The tales are: The frog princess; Princess
Miranda and Prince Hero; The eagles; The whirlwind; The good
ferryman and the water nymphs; The princess of the Brazen
Mountain; The bear in the forest hut.

“The vivacious illustrations by Cecile Walton show a conscientious

striving to interpret these unfamiliar themes.”

+ Int Studio 72:206 Ja ’21 60w

“An exceptionally attractive book.”

+ Spec 125:710 N 27 ’20 60w

 “What especially distinguishes this book is the illustrations.”

+ The Times [London] Lit Sup p830 D 9

’20 220w

GODDARD, HENRY HERBERT. Human

efficiency and levels of intelligence. il *$1.50
Princeton univ. press 150

20–7588

“Series of lectures delivered last year under the Louis Clark

Vanuxem foundation at Princeton university by Henry Herbert
Goddard, director of the bureau of juvenile research of Ohio, have
just been published under the title, ‘Human efficiency and levels of
intelligence.’” (Springf’d Republican) “The lectures explain how the
recognition of different degrees of intelligence among children and
adults can effect greater social efficiency by aiding each person to
train for the work and responsibility which his mental equipment
warrants. Tests are used as a conscious control of delinquency and
the feeble-minded are protected and directed to aid in their own
support. The author’s work with soldiers has shown an astonishing
degree of variation in intelligence among normal people.” (Booklist)

Booklist 17:6 O ’20

“His theory of an intellectual aristocracy is intensely interesting

and appealing.”
 + Springf’d Republican p6 Jl 13 ’20 160w

GOIZET, LOUIS HENRI. Never grow old. *$2

(6c) Putnam 612.68

20–18316

The author claims to have discovered a method by which man can

live in beauty and health for more than a hundred years. It is based
on the theory that perfect health requires absolute rectitude of form
without which static equilibrium and harmony of the organic
functions are impossible. The method consists of a system of
“superficial tractile rubbings” by which the free circulation of “the
rotary molecular current” is reestablished throughout the cells of the
organized being. The book falls into two parts, of which the first
develops the law on which the theory is based and the second treats
of the method. Some of the chapters in part two are: Causes of
alteration in form; The rectitude of forms; Rectification of form.

“The book contains much suggestive argument and speculation.”

+ N Y Evening Post p26 O 23 ’20 80w

“It can be said, however, that the first half of the book leads the
way to its climax with a relentless logic—providing always that the
author’s premises are correct—that is truly delightful and admirably
lucid.” Van Buren Thorne

+ N Y Times p5 N 14 ’20 1850w

 GOLDBERG, ISAAC. Studies in Spanish-
American literature. *$2.50 Brentano’s 860

20–2423

“‘It is high time we arouse ourselves to an appreciation of the

ideals and merits of Spanish-American literature’ writes Prof. J. D.
M. Ford in his introduction to ‘Studies in Spanish-American
literature.’ Dr Goldberg discusses the modernist spirit and five of its
prophets, Dario of Nicaragua, Rodo of Uruguay, Chocano and
Eguren of Peru, Blanco-Fombona of Venezuela. Many poems and
philosophical and political points of view are quoted in both the
original and translation. Several rhymed translations are by Alice
Stone Blackwell.”—Springf’d Republican

Ath p493 Ap 9 ’20 40w

“The puzzling thing about Dr Goldberg is that while in Spanish

verse he is sensitive to delicate shades of rhythm and cadence, for an
English equivalent he seems ready to accept anything which comes to
hand.” J. B. T.

+ − Ath p902 D 31 ’20 520w

“Though a scholarly work, its swift, lucid style and novelty of

subject give it an appeal for the general reader.”

+ Booklist 16:270 My ’20

 “His study of Dario’s poetry is enthusiastic and appreciative; it is
marked with the fairest critical spirit. This may also be declared of
his entire treatment of the ‘Modernistas.’” T: Walsh

+ Bookm 51:235 Ap ’20 1300w

“As a work of scholarship, Dr Goldberg’s book is of tremendous

value. It is written to appeal to the general reader, and appeal it will,
if swift, lucid style and novelty of subject matter count for anything.”
G. H. C.

+ Boston Transcript p6 F 4 ’20 750w

“Novelty, fairness and lucidity mark these studies.”

+ Cleveland p72 Ag ’20 30w

“A book of permanent value, really necessary in any collection of

world literature.” T: Walsh

+ Nation 110:624 My 8 ’20 750w

“It is a book of pleasant reading, for Dr Goldberg’s style is florid

and, were it not for a trifle too much effort, would be brilliant. The
chief significance of these studies is, however, as the first effort to
provide a sound literary criticism of the work of South American
writers.” H. K.

+ New Repub 23:288 Ag 4 ’20 620w

 “Dr Goldberg’s scholarship is good in essentials. Unfortunately,
however, he can not be complimented for carefulness in little things.
In spite of the general clarity of his style, there are now and then
pages far from clear.” F: B. Luquiens

+ − Review 2:335 Ap 3 ’20 1500w

“Dr Goldberg has written in great detail, with diction lucid and at
times sparkling.”

+ Springf’d Republican p8 Mr 16 ’20

340w

GOLDRING, DOUGLAS. Fight for freedom.

(Plays for a people’s theatre) *$1.25 Seltzer 822

20–12048

In this four act play a war-maddened young soldier assaults the

girl who had asked to be relieved from her engagement to him on the
ground that she has learned to love another. The development of the
play brings out the attitudes of the various characters toward the
man himself, his act, and the girl concerned. These vary from the
sentimental attitude of those who would forgive “our boys” anything
to that of the two radicals to whom personal considerations are
nothing in the face of the coming revolution. Henri Barbusse has
written a preface and there is an introduction by the author.

“It is a clever pamphlet play, but there is more speechifying than

dialogue.”
 + − Ath p321 Mr 5 ’20 90w

“Mr Goldring’s best is in the sudden reversal from the expected

toward the end of his play, when his theoretical revolutionary
becomes human—and a bit detestable for once.” Gilbert Seldes

− + Dial 69:215 Ag ’20 100w

“If it were not for Mr Goldring’s introduction, it would be very

hard to believe that anyone could seriously contribute this muscle-
bound thesis-play as anything the people or anybody else but a
theatrical antiquarian would be interested in.” Kenneth Macgowan

− Freeman 2:332 D 15 ’20 500w

Reviewed by Dorothy Grafly

+ − Springf’d Republican p11a S 5 ’20 580w

“‘The fight for freedom’ is a good play quite apart from any
pretensions to be different in character from the social plays of the
pre-war theater. It is, in fact, in direct line with the best work of
Shaw, Galsworthy and Barker.” B. L.

+ Survey 44:591 Ag 2 ’20 120w

The Times [London] Lit Sup p676 N 20
’19 50w
 GOLDRING, DOUGLAS. Margot’s progress.
*$1.90 (1½c) Seltzer

20–9785

The story of a social climber. Maggie Carter, a grocer’s daughter

from Montreal, goes to Paris with three thousand dollars capital and
there becomes Margot Cartier. Her small capital is to tide her over
the brief period until her beauty, which is her real asset, has won her
an advantageous marriage. And it all works out as she planned. Thru
the Falkenheims, rich Jews whom she meets on the boat, she is
introduced to London society. Renewal of acquaintance with an old
Canadian connection gives the right suggestion of social background,
and she becomes Lady Stokes. But the marriage does not turn out
well. An elderly admirer dies and leaves her a legacy, which provides
both the means to freedom and the excuse for a quarrel with her
husband. She is divorced and goes to Paris, where the outbreak of the
war finds her. At the close there is promise of a second marriage with
a man she loves.

Reviewed by H. W. Boynton

+ Bookm 52:67 S ’20 700w

“Vigorous, varied, and colourful.”

+ Dial 69:432 O ’20 60w

“The story is interesting, vigorously told, with an unusual power of

vivid, direct presentation, fired too with a nervous intentness. But
after all, it is not a book that gives one much comfort. One concedes
its merits, but without enthusiasm. One feels, on finishing it, like
turning to Ali Baba or Cinderella or Lord Dunsany as an antidote.” C.
F. L.

+ − Grinnell R 16:355 F ’21 220w

“It is the kind of story which might easily be preposterous but is

convincingly inevitable.”

+ Ind 103:321 S 11 ’20 210w

“Beneath the superficial reaction of enjoyment derived from an

entertaining story there ran a strong undercurrent of dissatisfaction
and resentment at the author for toying with a genuine and precious
talent. In ‘Margot’s progress,’ Goldring has written a ‘best-seller’—
superior in many points to the American product, but nevertheless a
best-seller, with all its tawdry virtues and triple-plated vices.” Max
Endicoff

− + N Y Call p10 Jl 25 ’20 410w

“It is highly enjoyable reading and without a dull moment from

cover to cover.”

+ N Y Times 25:301 Je 6 ’20 450w

“One may find some of Margot’s sophisticated conversation a little

grating; but, for that matter, one will find a good deal about Margot
and her acquaintances a little grating. Still there is a driving force to
her ambition that wins toleration, if not admiration. The story gains
in emotional force and dramatic intensity as it progresses.”
 + − Springf’d Republican p11a Ag 8 ’20
580w

GOLDRING, DOUGLAS. Reputations; essays in

criticism. *$2.50 Seltzer 824

20–17759

These criticisms and appreciations of some of the younger English

novelists, poets and contemporary writers with some literary
reflections in general are: James Elroy Flecker—an appreciation and
some personal memories; Three Georgian novelists—Compton
Mackenzie—Hugh Walpole—Gilbert Cannan; The later work of D. H.
Lawrence; Mr Wells and the war; The war and the poets; An outburst
on Gissing; The author of “Tarr”; The Gordon Selfridge of English
letters; Redding “on wines”; Clever novels; 1855; Low tastes; Looking
back. There is an index.

“We have bitter need at the present time for a reconsideration of

critical principles; for a non-partisan criticism to disperse the
miasma of name-worship and of chaotic emotionalism, which are the
part-legacy of war; and, in view of this need, it is refreshing to read
Mr Goldring’s brilliant, and rather contemptuous, onslaught upon
public idols.”

+ − Ath p827 Je 25 ’20 700w

Reviewed by R. E. Roberts
 Boston Transcript p7 Ag 7 ’20 400w

“Possibly Mr Goldring is a little too fluent; his judgments roll off

somewhat like first thoughts, and he is a little amusing in his
consciousness of maturity. But he has an unmistakable knack of
hitting precisely the strength and weakness of those whom he
discusses.” C. M. R.

+ − Freeman 2:478 Ja 26 ’21 390w

+ − Nation 111:383 O 6 ’20 230w

“His comments on the intellectual life of England are exceedingly

worth while and his marginal notes, those paragraphs that
embroider his critical articles, are extremely valuable. The reader
knows definitely where he stands. Beside his critical acumen is a deal
of genuine, worth-while information.”

+ N Y Times p10 O 3 ’20 640w

“In this book the author once more gives proof of his remarkable
receptivity, his power of seizing and reproducing the surface
impressions of the circle in which he moves. That there is nothing
either well-thought-out or valuable in these essays is hardly so much
his fault as his misfortune. The lighter sketches are incomparably the
better, and should prove to him his true vocation.”

− + Sat R 130:124 Ag 7 ’20 80w

“It is a long while since anything more delightful in the way of a

literary study has appeared than Mr Goldring’s ‘James Elron
Flecker.’ The study seems to the present writer to be the best essay in
the book, clever as is most of the rest—that and a piece entitled ‘Low
tastes,’ for these are almost the only two in which Mr Goldring does
not obtrude his political opinions.”

+ − Spec 125:473 O 9 ’20 560w

“The best paper in the volume—because the most thoroughly

studied—is that on James Elroy Flecker. On the whole, there is
nothing distinguished in these criticisms, though Mr Goldring is to
be credited with flashes of illumination and a pungent style.”

+ − Springf’d Republican p6 Ag 30 ’20 450w

“As he has a gift for seeing beneath the genius to the man, and can
attend a tea-party for the pleasure of saying afterwards how trivial he
found it, his book is not devoid of spice, though its prose is
undistinguished and sometimes slack.”

+ − The Times [London] Lit Sup p370 Je 10

’20 300w

GOLDSMITH, MILTON (ASTRA CIELO,

pseud.). I wonder why. il *$1.75 (2½c) Sully 504

20–1376

A book designed to provide answers to children’s many questions,

giving information on “the how, when, and wherefore of many
things.” The first chapter tells how the Palmer family came to
organize the I-wonder-why club, with half-hour sessions daily. The
remaining chapters, devoted to the club’s discussions, take up such
subjects as Light, Sun, moon and planets, The stars, Comets and
meteors, Air, Water, Fire, Heat, Sound, Rocks, Coal, Metals,
Electricity, Photography, Moving pictures, Clocks, Butterflies and
moths, etc.

Springf’d Republican p11a S 12 ’20 120w

GOMPERS, SAMUEL. Labor and the common

welfare. *$3 Dutton 331

20–224

“A compilation of the writings and addresses of Samuel Gompers,

edited by Hayes Robbins. To be followed by ‘Labor and the
employer,’ the two volumes together forming a comprehensive work
on labor movements and labor problems in America.” (Brooklyn) “It
is a compilation from official reports to A. F. of L. conventions,
articles in American Federationist, testimony before congressional
committees, public addresses of President Gompers, and other
documents. The selections include data from the earliest reports of
the federation. The material is presented under classified headings
according to the subject and is generally presented in chronological
order.” (N Y Call)

Am Econ R 10:365 Je ’20 70w

 + − Booklist 16:223 Ap ’20
Brooklyn 12:97 Mr ’20 40w

“In it are adequately set forth the solid, conservative policies of the
long-time president of the American federation of labor. But the
thoughts are the thoughts of history rather than of the present; the
reader who would know what labor is thinking now must supplement
the Gompers philosophy with many creations of a new régime of
ideas.” E. D. Strong

+ − Grinnell R 15:257 O ’20 850w

“We had occasion a few weeks ago to notice a book of the Civic
federation, one chapter being written by James W. Sullivan of the A.
F. of L. Our judgment was that the national officials of the
organization had become trade union chauvinists. This latest volume
confirms our impression. Nevertheless, we are glad to have this book.
The selections by Robbins are excellent and no matter whether the
reader agrees or does not agree with Mr Gompers, this compilation is
valuable for his partisans and all others interested in the history of
the American federation of labor.” James Oneal

+ − N Y Call p10 Mr 14 ’20 1150w

Reviewed by J. E. Le Rossignol

Review 2:333 Ap 3 ’20 850w

R of Rs 61:447 Ap ’20 30w
 “Fortunately Mr Gompers is unusually gifted in expression due in
part, no doubt, to unusual clarity of thought.”

+ Springf’d Republican p8 F 17 ’20 140w

+ Survey 44:89 Ap 10 ’20 420w

GOMPERS, SAMUEL. Labor and the employer;

comp. and ed. by Hayes Robbins. (Labor movements
and labor problems in America) *$3.50 Dutton 331.8

20–12195

“With its companion volume, ‘Labor and the common welfare,’ this
book gives a complete review of American social problems as Mr
Gompers has known them during the past thirty-five years.” (R of
Rs) “The book is made up of excerpts from reports, speeches,
testimony, writings and editorials classified under such major
headings as Employers and employers’ organizations, Wages, Hours
of work, The ‘open’ shop, Women in industry, Unemployment,
Insurance and compensation, Limitation of output, Strikes,
Arbitration and collective bargaining, Profit sharing and Industrial
democracy. Within each group are arranged chronologically the
various minor topics which naturally come under the major
headings.” (Survey)

“A valuable, authoritative statement of the attitude of official

unionism on important labor issues.”

+ Booklist 17:12 O ’20

 “To those who seek to grasp some of the inwardness of the
unfolding labor movements of the day, and particularly to the
employer who would like to know what the trade unionist’s views are
upon the subjects of employers and employers’ organizations, ... and
a host of related subjects touching the relationship of employer and
employee, this book will prove especially useful.” W. E. Atkins

+ J Pol Econ 28:791 N ’20 530w

“It is pathetic to drive through these 311 pages by Mr Gompers and

realize how his enemies waste his time in dispute on ancient matters.
In this time of change he has nothing to offer but the values and
standards of an age that is dead. He ought to be freed for thinking
out the problems of his day in the setting of his vast experience.
When he does let himself go, he has a fine rebel stroke.” Arthur
Gleason

− + Nation 111:302 S 11 ’20 1000w

+ R of Rs 62:334 S ’20 80w

“Such a book as this is as necessary for the employer who desires

authoritative information as to what official trade unions think, as it
is for the union man who wants to keep himself informed on the
various phases of the movement. It bristles with controversial
possibilities, demonstrates the profound conservatism of Mr
Gompers and is remarkably free from such inconsistencies as one
might expect in the recorded pronouncements covering a period of
nearly thirty years.” J. D. Hackett

+ Survey 44:637 Ag 16 ’20 420w