GYAN DEEP SR. SEC.

SCHOOL
CLASS:IX
CH:1 WHAT IS DEMOCRACY? WHY DEMOCRACY?
DEMOCRACY?
1. Democracy is a form of government in which the rulers are elected by the people.
 Myanmar where the army rules, Dictator Pinochet’s rule in Chile, or President Nkrumah’s
rule in Ghana was not democratic. They were not chosen by the people.
 Hereditary kings, like the king of Nepal or Saudi Arabia, are also not democratic rulers.
They rule because they were born into noble families.
2. In a democracy final decision making power must rest with those elected by the people.
 In Pakistan, President Musharraf has the power to dismiss national and state assemblies; so
the final powers rest with the army and the General himself. We cannot call it a democracy.
3. A democracy must be based on a free and fair election where those currently in power have a
fair chance of losing.
 For example, in Mexico elections have been held every six years since 1980. But the same
party, PRI, has won the elections. Obviously there has been rigging and malpractices, with
freedom denied to opposition. This is not what a democracy should be.
4. In a democracy people’s will is ascertained by each adult citizen having one vote and each vote
has one value. Democracy is based on the fundamental principle of political equality.
5. A democratic government rules within limits set by constitutional and citizens’ rights.
 A democratic government cannot do what it likes after winning the elections. It has to
respect certain basic rules and is accountable not only to the people but also to other
independent officials.

WHY DEMOCRACY?
Points Against
There has been criticism of democracy by various people. The charges are that :
 It creates instability by changing its leaders frequently.
 Democracy is about power play and political competition. There is no scope for morality.
 So many people have to be consulted before any issue is solved. It leads to delay.
 Elected leaders do not know the best interest of the people.
 It leads to corruption for it is based on electoral corruption.
Ordinary people do not know what is good for them, so decision making should not beleft to them.
Merits of democracy:
 A democratic government is a better government because it is a more accountable form of
government.
 Democracy improves the quality of Decision Making
 Democracy provides a method to deal with differences and conflicts
 Democracy allows people to correct their own mistakes
 In a democracy, people rule themselves as leaders are elected by them
 A. NCERT QUES
Questions in the Exercise
Here is some information about four countries. Based on this information, how would you
classify each of these countries. Write ‘democratic’, ‘undemocratic’ or ‘not sure’ against
each of these.
(a) Country A : People who do not accept the country’s official religion do not have a right
to vote.
(b) Country B : The same party has been winning elections for the last twenty years.
(c) Country C : Ruling party has lost in the last three elections.
(d) Country D : There is no independent election commission.
Ans. (a) Undemocratic
(b) Undemocratic
(c) Democratic
(d) Not sure
Here is some information about four countries. Based on this information, how would you
classify each of these countries? Write ‘democratic’, ‘undemocratic’ or ‘not sure’ against
each of these.
(a) Country P : The parliament cannot pass a law about the army without the consent of the
Chief of Army.
(b) Country Q : The parliament cannot pass a law reducing the powers of the judiciary.
(c) Country R : The country’s leaders cannot sign any treaty with another country without
taking permission from its neighbouring country.
(d) Country S : All the major economic decisions about the country are taken by officials of
the central bank which the ministers cannot change.
Ans. (a) Democratic
(b) Democratic
(c) Not Sure
(d) Undemocratic
Which of these is not a good argument in favour of democracy? Why?
(a) People feel free and equal in a democracy.
(b) Democracies resolve conflict in a better way than others.
(c) Democratic government is more accountable to the people.
(d) Democracies are more prosperous than others.
Ans. (d) Prosperity is not a sign of democracy. Democracy does not affect the financial status of
a country. India is a democracy, yet it is fighting a long battle against poverty. India is poor
for various other reasons.
Each of these statements contains a democratic and an undemocratic element. Write out the two
separately for each statement.
(e) A minister said that some laws have to be passed by the parliament in order to conform
to the regulations decided by the World Trade Organisation.
(f) The Election Commission ordered re-polling in a constituency where large scale rigging
was reported.
(g) Women’s representation in the parliament has never reached 10 per cent. This led women’
 organisations to demand one-third seats for women.
Ans. (a) The reference of the laws to the parliament show that democracy is practiced. The minister
has not taken the decision himself. But the decision to conform to the regulations decided
by World Trade Organisation is undemocratic. Why should a free country make laws to
suit a foreign organisation!
(b) Democratic : Repolling is necessary whenever rigging takes place in a constituency
during elections.
Undemocratic : Rigging itself is an undemocratic element. It should not happen in a
democracy.
(c) One should have more women representatives in parliament — democratic.
To demand reservation is undemocratic. Women should come forward themselves and
fight elections.
Which of these is not a valid reason for arguing that there is a lesser possibility of famine in a
democratic country?
(a) Opposition parties can draw attention to hunger and starvation.
(b) Free press can report suffering from famine in different parts of the country.
(c) Government fears its defeat in the next elections.
(d) People are free to believe in and practice any religion.
Ans. (d) It has nothing to do with famines.
There are 40 villages in a district where the government has made no provision for drinking
water. These villagers met and considered many methods of forcing the government to
respond to their need. Which of these is not a democratic method?
(a) Filing a case in the courts claiming that water is part of right to life.
(b) Boycotting the next elections to give a message to all parties.
(c) Organising public meetings against the government’s policies.
(d) Paying money to government officials to get water.
Ans. (d) Paying money to government officials to get water.
Q7. Write a response to the following arguments against democracy :
(a) Army is the most disciplined and corruption-free organisation in the country. Therefore,
army should rule the country.
(b) Rule of the majority means the rule of ignorant people. What we need is the rule of the
wise, even if they are in small numbers.
(c) If we want religious leaders to guide us in spiritual matters, why not invite them to guide
us in politics as well. The country should be ruled by religious leaders.
Ans. (a) Army rule is not a rule of the people through their representatives. They may be
disciplined but they become dictatorial and cut down the freedom of the people. We have
seen this in the case of Pinochet’s rule in Chile, President’s Musharraf’s rule in Pakistan
and the military rule in Myanmar.
(b) Wise men are not necessarily good administrators. It will become the rule of the minority,
not of the majority of the people. People’s liberties are bound to be cut down.
(c) Religious leaders follow the letter of the religion they preach. They deny freedom of
thought, expression and speech. We have seen this in the case of Afghanistan. Religious
leaders deny freedom of religion to minorities and impose their ideas on them.
It is only democracy which gives maximum freedom to people, allows them to choose
 their own leaders and does not all dictators of any kind of seize power.
Are the following statements in keeping with democracy as a value? Why?
(a) Father to daughter : I don’t want to hear your opinion about your marriage. In our family
children marry where the parents tell them to.
(b) Teacher to student : Don’t disturb my concentration by asking me questions in the
classroom.
(c) Employee to the officer : Our working hours must be reduced according to the law.
Ans. (a) No, the right of freedom to choose and express her opinion is denied by the father. He is
behaving like a dictator.
(b) No, again the teacher is being autocratic. A student has the right to ask questions to clear
his/her doubts.
(c) Yes, in this example the employee is making the right demand. He cannot be forced to
work for extra hours.
Consider the following facts about a country and decide if you would call it a democracy.
Give reasons to support your decision.
(a) All the citizens of the country have right to vote. Elections are held regularly.
(b) The country took loan from international agencies. One of the conditions for giving loan
was that the government would reduce its expenses on education and health.
(c) People speak more than seven languages but education is available only in one language,
the language spoken by 52 per cent people of that country.
(d) Several organisations have given a call for peaceful demonstrations and nationwide strikes
in the country to oppose these policies. Government has arrested these leaders.

(e) The government owns the radio and television in the country. All the newspapers have to
get permission from the government to publish any news about government’s policies and
protests.
Ans. No, the country is not a democratic country.
(a) It has allowed a foreign agency to interfere in its internal policies. It has denied to its own
citizens better education and health.
(b) The minorities are denied equal status in matter of language. Their cultural rights are
ignored.
The total control of media shows that there is no freedom of speech and expression and
(c) right to speak against the government.
In 2004 a report published in USA pointed to the increasing inequalities in that country.
Inequalities in income reflected in the participation of people in democracy. It also
shaped their abilities to influence the decisions taken by the government. The report
highlighted that :
 If an average Black family earns $ 100, then the income of an average White family is $
162. A White family has twelve times more wealth than an average Black family.
 In a President’s election nearly nine out of 10 individuals in families with income over $
75,000 have voted. These people are the top 20% of the population in terms of their
income. On the other hand, only 5 people out of 10 from families with income less
$ 15,000 have voted. They are the bottom 20% of the population in terms of their income.
  About 95% contribution to the political parties comes from the rich. This gives them an
opportunity to express their opinions and concerns, which is not available to most citizens.
 As poor sections participate less in politics, the government does not listen to their
concerns — coming out of poverty, getting job, eduction, health care and housing from
them. Politicians hear most regularly about the concerns of business and the most rich.
Write an easy on ‘Democracy and Poverty’ using the information given in this report but
using examples from India.
Ans. Democracy and Poverty
Most of the Asian and African countries which won independence from colonial rule have been
fighting a battle against poverty. In India, poverty has been a major challenge before the Indian
economy. According to a census (1999-2000), 27.09% of population in rural areas live below
the poverty line. In urban areas the situation is a little better — 23.62% people live below
poverty line. The overall average is 26.10%. It means that a quarter of the population in India
is living below the poverty line. States like Orissa, Bihar and Madhya Pradesh have the highest
percentage of people living below the poverty line.
Since independence, the Indian democracy has worked tirelessly to remove poverty in India. All
our economic planning is geared to alleviate poverty. The government has passed many laws
and reforms. Abolition of Zamindari system, security of tenant farmers is one of them. It has
tried to reduce the gap between the rich and poor by income redistribution measures. The rich
have to pay more taxes than the poor. There have been many rural and urban ‘yojnas’ which
provide employment to the poor. They are known as PAPs — Poverty Alleviation Programmes.
So in India we cannot blame the government for not being concerned about the poor. The
Government has done a lot for education, health care, housing and employment of the poor. All
our ten five-programmes have been based on helping the poor.
In India the poor are conscious of their voting rights and only the rich have not won all
elections. To stop the rich from capturing all the seats, ceiling has been put on expenditure
during elections, for candidates appearing for Parliamentary and Assembly elections,
for example : Rs 2,50,000 for Parliamentary and Rs 10,00,000 for Assembly in most of the
constituencies. Of course, rich industrialists and businessmen contribute to party funds but now
law has been made, which asks the parties to declare their assets. Every person standing for
election has to do so too.
It is true that the rich are more and powerful but in a democracy the ordinary citizen has been
given equal status. We see this in India where the poor now know their rights and are exercising