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2019 Judicial Procedures and Trials - An Emprical Analysis based on the Quazi Courts in Sri Lanka
2019 Judicial Procedures and Trials - An Emprical Analysis based on the Quazi Courts in Sri Lanka
2019 Judicial Procedures and Trials - An Emprical Analysis based on the Quazi Courts in Sri Lanka
Ma;Tr; RUf;fk;:
ePjpg; gupghydj;jpy; ePjpkd;w nrad;KiwfSk; tof;Ffspd; epaha tprhuiz
KidTfSk;; kpfg; gpujhd gzpfs;;. mit ‘fhop’ePjpkd;wj;jpy; tof;Ffs;
tprhuizf;F cl;gLj;jg;gLjy;> rhl;rpfs; kw;Wk; Mtzq;fisj; Jizahff;
nfhs;Sjy;> rkurk; Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhd eilKiwfs;> ‘fhop’fs; tpz;zg;gj;ij
my;yJ Kiwg;ghl;ilg; ngWfpd;w topKiwfs;> tprhuiz xOq;F vd
ghpzkpf;fpd;wd. ,t;tha;Tf;fl;Liu ,r;nraw;ghLfisAk; mit Vw;gLj;Jk;
jhf;fq;fisAk; guprPypf;fpd;wJ. ,t;tha;T Kjd;ik epiyj; juTfisg;
gpujhd mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ vd;wNghjpYk;> ePjpkd;w nrad;Kiwfs;
tof;Ffspd; epahatprhuiz njhlu;ghd ,yf;fpa kw;Wk; Mtzf;Fwpg;Gf;fis
kPsha;Tf;F cl;gLj;jp ,];yhkpa fz;Nzhf;fpid mikj;J> mj;Jld; xg;gPL
fhz;fpd;wJ. ePjpkd;w nrad;Kiwfs; tof;F epaha tprhuiz njlHghd
eilKiwfs; nghJthf thjpf;Fk;> gpujpthjpf;Fk; jpUg;jpaspg;gjhfTk;>
gf;frhu;gw;wjhfTk; mikj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;fhd fhprid ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
MapDk; Nkk;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;ba mk;rq;fs; gy cz;L. vdNt> mt;tof;Ffis
ntspg;gilahd thjg; gpujpthjq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; khj;jpuk; mZfhky;>
FLk;gtpay; r%ftpay; gpd;dzpfs;> fhuzpfSld; mtw;iw ,izj;J
Nehf;Fjy; fhopfs; FLk;gg; gpzf;fpd; ajhu;j;jj;ijj; Jy;ypakhf mwptjw;fhd
tha;g;Gfis mjpfupf;Fk;. NkYk;> mth;fs; Fwpj;j jk;gjpapdUf;Fg; gf;frhu;gw;w>
epahakhd jPu;g;gpid cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjwFk; Jiznra;Ak;. ,t;tha;T
fhop ePjpkd;wq;fspd; Gduikg;Gf;fhd tpje;JiufSf;F mbg;gil mk; rq;fis
toq;fty;yJ.
jpwTr; nrhw;fs;: fhopePjpkd;wk;> ePjpkd;w nrad;Kiw> tof;Ffs;> epahatprhuiz
1. mwpKfk;
fztd;-kidtp tptfhuq;fspd; Kiwg;ghl;ilf; ‘fhop’aplk; tpz;zg;gpf;fpd;w kuig
K];ypk; r%fk; ,ay;ghfNt gof;fg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lJ. ‘ek;gpf;if nfhz;NlhNu!
ePq;fs; my;yh`;itAk; ,WjpehisAk; ek;gpapUe;jhy;> my;yh`;Tf;Ff;
fl;Lg;gLq;fs;. ,j;J}jUf;Fk;> cq;fspy; mjpfhuk; cilNahUf;Fk; fl;Lg;gLq;fs;.
VNjDk; xU tplaj;jpy; ePq;fs; Kuz;gl;lhy; mij my;yh`;tplKk;> ,j;J}juplKk;
nfhz;L nry;Yq;fs;. ,JNt rpwe;jJk; kpf mofpa tpsf;fKkhFk;’ vd;w my;Fu;Md;
(4:59) thrfk; Kd;Ndhb r%fkhd egpj;Njhou;fs; jkJ gpzf;Ffis> tof;Ffis
egpatu;fsplk; Kiwapl;L jPu;itg; ngWtjw;F topNfhypaJ. ,JNt> gpzf;Ffspd;
jPu;itg; ngWtjw;F ‘fhop’ia ehLjy; vd;gjw;fhd mbg;gilahf mike;jJ.
mePjpf;F cl;gl;ltd; jdf;F epahak; Ntz;b KiwapLfpd;w thrfk; tiuaiwiaj;
jhz;b mike;jpUe;j NghjpYk; mDkjpf;fj;jf;fJ vd my; Fu;Md; (4:148)
Fwpg;gpLtJ Nehf;fj;jf;fJ. KiwaPl;lhsd; ngha;iaj; jtpu;j;J cz;ik
ciug;gJNt mtdJ Kiwg;ghL Vw;Wf; nfhs;sj;jf;fJ vd;gjw;fhd epakk; vd
my; `{ikop (1989> g.481) thjpf;fpd;whu;.
Kiwik
Nkw;nrhd;d ,t;tha;tpd; Nehf;fk; gz;Grhu;> msTrhu; Kiwikfs; ,uz;Lk;
Njitf;Nfw;g fye;J gpuNahfpf;fg;gLtjd; Clhf milg;gl;lJ. ,g;guprPyidf;F
tof;fhspfs; kw;Wk; ‘fhop’fsplk; ngwg;gl;l juTfs; Kjd;ikahditahf
mikfpd;wd. NkYk;> Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;ltu;fSldhd Neu;fhzy;> fs mtjhdf;
Fwpg;Gf;fs; Nghd;wtw;wpypUe;J ngwg;gl;l jfty;fSk; ,q;F gFg;gha;Tf;F
cl;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. tpdhf;nfhj;J> Neu;fhzy;> mtjhdk; vd;gd topKiwfs;
%yk; mDgtr;rhd;Wfs; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;ld. jw;NghJ ,yq;ifapy; mWgj;ije;J
‘fhop’ ePjpkd;w tyaq;fs; cs;sd. xU ePjptyaj;Jf;F xU ‘fhop’ vd;w
mbg;gilapy; mWgj;ije;J ‘fhop’fs; epakpf;fg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. vdpDk;> rpy
‘fhop’fspd; gjtpf; fhyk; Kbtile;jik> my;yJ rpy ‘fhop’fspd; gjtpj; Jwg;G
Nghd;w fhuzpfspdhy; jw;NghJ Rkhu; mWgJ‘fhop’fs; flikahw;Wfpd;wdu;
21
M.I.M. Jazeel, ePjpkd;w nrad;KiwfSk; tof;F epaha tprhuizAk;:….
3. fz;lwpjy;fSk; fye;JiuahlYk ;
3.1 miog;ghizf;F gjpyspj;jy;
gpujpthjpf;F vjpuhd miog;ghiz mofpa tbtpy; rpwe;j thu;j;ijg; gpuNahfj;jpy;
mikjNy rpwg;GilajhFk;. ‘ed;ikAk; jPikAk; rkkhfhJ. ey;yijf; nfhz;Nl
(gifikia) jLg;gPuhf! vtUf;Fk; ckf;Fk; gif ,Uf;fpwNjh mtu; mg;NghNj
cw;w ez;guhfp tpLthu;’ vd;w my; Fu;Md; (41:34) thrfk; jPik ey;y topfspy;
jLf;fg;gLtijNa tpje;Jiuf;fpwJ. ,j;jifa miog;ghizf;F Vw;g nraw;gLtJ>
gjpyspg;gJ gpujpthjpapd; kPJs;s flikahfNt ,];yhk; fUJfpwJ.
22
M.I.M. Jazeel, ePjpkd;w nrad;KiwfSk; tof;F epaha tprhuizAk;:….
tha;%yk; 17.10%
0.00%
fbjk; 53.60%
14.00%
tpz;zg;gg;gbtk; 26.40%
64.00%
jpwj;jtu;fs; fhopfs;
23
M.I.M. Jazeel, ePjpkd;w nrad;KiwfSk; tof;F epaha tprhuizAk;:….
3 khjq;fs; 3.9
5.6
2 khjq;fs; 4.6
1 khjk; 38.7
47.2
3 thuq;fs; 14.9
22.2
2 thuq;fs; 24.5
22.2
1 thuk; 9.9
2.8
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
jpwj;jtu; fhop
24
M.I.M. Jazeel, ePjpkd;w nrad;KiwfSk; tof;F epaha tprhuizAk;:….
25
M.I.M. Jazeel, ePjpkd;w nrad;KiwfSk; tof;F epaha tprhuizAk;:….
26
M.I.M. Jazeel, ePjpkd;w nrad;KiwfSk; tof;F epaha tprhuizAk;:….
27
M.I.M. Jazeel, ePjpkd;w nrad;KiwfSk; tof;F epaha tprhuizAk;:….
3.5 rkurk;
‘fhop’fs; vd;Nghu; ePjpgjpfs; khj;jpuky;y> mtu;fs; kj;jpa];ju;fSk; Mtu;.
Kuz;ghl;Lld; jk; Kd;dhy; tUk; jk;gjpau;fis rkurg;gLj;j mtu;fshy; ,aYkhd
mj;jid Kaw;rpfisAk; ‘fhop’fs; vLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wdu;.
1951k; Mz;Lr; rl;lj;jpd; 27k; gpupT ‘jyhf;’ tplaj;jpy; ‘fhop’ Mw;w Ntz;ba gzpfs;
gw;wpg; gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. “‘fhop’ kw;Wk; ,uz;L rhl;rpfspd; Kd; fztd;
‘jyhf;’ mwptpg;Gr; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ‘jyhf;’ $wp Kg;gJ ehl;fspDs;>
tof;fhspfspilNa rkurj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F ‘fhop’ Kaw;rp nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
Kbatpy;iyahapd;> tof;fhspfs; mtupd; Kd;dhy; gpurd;dkhtjw;F xU jpfjpiaj;
jPu;khdpf;f Ntz;Lk;. kPz;Lk; rkurk; nra;J itg;gjw;Fupa Kaw;rpfisr; nra;a
Ntz;Lk;. ‘fhop’apdhy; tof;fhspfs; ePjpkd;wj;jpy; Njhd;Wtjw;fhf epakpf;fg;gl;l
jpfjpapypUe;J Kg;gJ ehl;fspDs; rkurk; Vw;gltpy;iyahapd; tpthfuj;J gjpT
nra;ag;glyhk;.
mt;thNw> ‘g];`;’ tplaj;jpYk; “tpz;zg;gj;ij tprhupg;gjw;F Kd;du;> ‘fhop’ ,U
tof;fhspfs; ,ilNaAk;> ,zf;fg;ghl;il Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F Kaw;rpf;f Ntz;L;k;” vdf;
Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. Fwpg;ghf> fztd;-kidtpfSf;F ,pilapyhd Kuz;ghLfisj;
jPu;j;J rkurj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F ePz;l fhy mtfhrk; Njitg;gLfpd;wJ.
Mifapdhy;> tof;fhspfs; jkf;Fs; rkurj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjw;Fg; NghJkhd mtfhrk;
toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhfNt> tpthfuj;Jfis tprhuiz nra;jy;> gjpT
nra;jy;> KbTWj;jy; vd;gtw;Wf;fpilapyhd fhy ,ilntsp ‘Kg;gJ ehl;fs;’ vd
K];ypk; tpthf> tpthfuj;Jr; rl;lKk; typAWj;Jfpd;wJ.
29
M.I.M. Jazeel, ePjpkd;w nrad;KiwfSk; tof;F epaha tprhuizAk;:….
4. KbTiu
fhop ePjpkd;wj;jpy; eilngWk; xU tof;F xd;wpd; tprhuiz xOq;F Kiw
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l epakq;fisg; ngUkstpy; Ngztpy;iy. NkYk;> mtw;iw
,];yhkpa rl;l kugpw;F Vw;GilajhfTk; nfhs;s Kbtjpy;iy. ngUk;ghYk;
tprhuizfs; cupa Neu#rpiaf; nfhz;ljhf ,y;iy. tof;nfhd;wpy; rk;ge;jg;gl;l
midtuplKk; thf;F%yk; ngwg;gl;L gjpT nra;ag;gLfpwJ. MapDk;> mit
Fwpg;ngLj;jy; vd;w tbtj;ijNa ngupJk; nfhz;Ls;sd. ,yq;ifapd; ‘fhop’
ePjpkd;wr; nraw;ghl;by; rl;l cjtpiag; ngWtjw;F tfPiy epakdk; nra;tjw;fhd
eilKiw Ngzg;gltpy;iy. ‘fhop’apd; gpujhd gzp kj;jpa];jk; nra;J
Kuz;ghl;ilj; jPu;j;jy; MFk;. MapDk;> tpthfuj;J njhlu;ghd jPu;g;Ng ngupJk;
nry;thf;Fg; ngw;Ws;sJ. ,yq;if ‘fhop’ePjpkd;wr; nraw;ghl;by; rhl;rpaq;fs;>
30
M.I.M. Jazeel, ePjpkd;w nrad;KiwfSk; tof;F epaha tprhuizAk;:….
5. crhj;Jizfs;
my; `{ikop> mg;Ju; u`;khd; (1989) my;-fohc tepohK`{ gp my;-fpjhgp t my;-
]{d;dh. kf;fh: [hkpM ck;kpy; Fuh.
m];-]{i`yp> t`gj; (2002) my;-gpf;`; my;-,];yhkp tmjpy;yJ`{. 2k; gjpg;G.
nygdhd;: jhUy; gpf;u;.
mkPd;> V.vr;.[p. (2001) fh]p ePjpkd;w eilKiwfSk;> nraw;ghLfSk;. nfhOk;G:
my;mkPd; rl;l kj;jpa epiyak;.
,g;D mgpj; jk;> my;-fhop ,g;wh`Pk; (1987) fpjhG mjg; my;-foh> Nga;&j;:
jhUy; FJg; my; ,y;kpa;ah.
,g;D Fjhkh (1984) my;-Kf;dP gp my;-gpf;`; my;-`d;gyp. Nga;&j;: jhUy; gpf;u;.
,g;D gu;`{d; (2003) jg;]puj; my;-`{f;fhk; gP c]_y;my;-mf;opajp t kdh`p[; my;-
m`;fhk;. upaho;: jhU Mykpy; FJg;.
ig`fP (1925) m];]{dd; my;-Fg;uh. i`juhghj;: k[;yp]; jh,ujpy; kMupg;.
K];ypk; my;-ie]hGup. ]`P`;K];ypk;. jhU ,`;ah ypj;Juh]py; mugp> Nga;&j;
ryPk; ku;R+g; (2001) ,yq;ifapd; fhjp ePjpkd;w KiwikAk; K];ypk; ngz;fs; kPjhd
mjd; jhf;fKk;. nfhOk;G: K];ypk; ngz;fs; Muha;r;rp nray; Kd;dzp.
R+sdp nfhbf;fhu (2010) ,yq;ifapd; K];ypk; FLk;gr; rl;lk;. nfhOk;G: K];ypk;
ngz;fs; Muha;r;rp nray; Kd;ddp.
gp. i[Dy; MgpjPd; (2002) jpUf;Fu;Md;: Fu;Md;–mwpKfk;> %yk;> jkpohf;fk;>
tpsf;fk;> ml;ltiz> nrd;id: %d; gg;sp\u;];.
Jalaldeen, M.S. (2004) The Muslim Law of Marriage, Divorce and Maintenance in Sri Lanka. Colombo.
Haji Omar Foundation for Peace, Education and Research. 2nd Edition
Jazeel, M. I. M., & Fowzul, M. B. (2014). Qualification and Behavour of the Judge: An
Islamic Perspective. Paper presented at the 3rd International Conference of Eastern
University on “Sustainable Development through Innovations” Eastern University of
Sri Lanka, Vantharumoolai, Sri Lanka.
Jazeel, M. I. M., & Fowzul, M. B. (2018). Qualifications of Quazi in Sri Lanka: A Field Study
from Islamic Perspective Sri Lankan Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies, 1(1), 32-
51.
Jazeel, M. I. M., & Fowzul, M. B. (2019). Behaviours of the Quazi in Sri Lanka: An Emprical
Study from Islamic Perspective. Sri Lankan Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies,
2(1), 15-30.
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