PX5072 - POWER ELECTRONICS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS

P. Ramesh Babu
Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
 Outlines
 Electrical energy is the most versatile – Why?

 Energy Scenario

 Sources of Electrical Energy

 Syllabus (Objectives & Outcomes)

TEXT BOOKS & REFERENCES

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It can be easily transmitted to various location very conveniently
and efficiently.

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 Electrical energy is the most versatile – Why?

Its called "Clean and Green energy" .

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It can be easily converted to other form of energy.

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This form of energy can be controlled easily.

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 It can be easily measured and monitored.

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 The World Energy System – World Energy Data

Pie- chart for consumption of electrical energy by various electrical apparatus

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 What is the current energy scenario?

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  75% of energy requirement is met by fossil fuels.

 Nuclear energy contributes to about 3%.

 9% is met by hydelenergy.

 12% of energy consumption is met by biogas.

 Renewable sources like wind, tidal, wave, solar,
contribute to about 1%.

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Sources of Electrical Energy
Energy is one of the major inputs for the economic development of any country.

Classification of Energy

 Primary and Secondary energy

 Commercial and Non commercial energy

 Renewable and Non-Renewable energy

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Primary and Secondary Energy sources
Primary energy sources are those that are either found or stored in nature.
Examples:
Common Primary Energy sources
coal, oil, natural gas, and biomass(such as wood).
Other primary energy sources
nuclear energy from radioactive substances, thermal energy stored in earth's
interior, and potential energy due to earth's gravity.

Primary energy sources are mostly converted in industrial utilities into

secondary energy sources; for example coal, oil or gas converted into steam
and electricity. Primary energy can also be used directly. Some energy sources
have non-energy uses, for example coal or natural gas can be used as a
feedstock in fertiliser plants.

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 Commercial Energy and Non Commercial Energy
The energy sources that are available in the market for a
definite price are known as commercial energy.

Examples: Electricity, lignite, coal, oil, natural gas etc.

The energy sources that are not available in the commercial

market for a price are classified as non-commercial energy.

Example: Firewood, agro waste in rural areas; solar energy

for water heating, electricity generation, for drying grain, fish
and fruits; animal power for transport, threshing, lifting
water for irrigation, crushing sugarcane; wind energy for
lifting water and electricity generation.

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 Renewable (Non conventional)and Non-Renewable Energy (Conventional energy)

Renewable energy is energy obtained from sources that are essentially inexhaustible.
Examples
renewable resources include wind power, solar power, geothermal energy, tidal power
and hydroelectric power (See Figure). The most important feature of renewable energy
is that it can be harnessed without the release of harmful pollutants.

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 Non-renewable energy is the conventional fossil fuels such as coal, oil
and gas, which are likely to deplete with time.

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 Why should we look for alternate energy sources? (i. e
Renewable Energy)

 Fossil fuels, which are the main source of energy, are

getting depleted at a rapid rate. As a consequence the
cost of fossil fuels are increasing.

 Fossil fuel based systems produce detrimental effects

on the environments. This in turn will affect our health.
This means that indirectly, the medical bills will be
rising the world over.

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 What is the annual world energy consumption?

Energy consumption in a year can be calculated by

taking the sum of energy generated by different
sources in a year. Statistics indicate that the energy
consumption in year 2004 was 70 𝑋 1012 KWh.
Estimates indicate that the energy consumption is
increasing at the rate of 7% pa.

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 How long will fossil fuel last?

Consider a hypothetical case where in earth

contains a thin core filled entirely with oil as
shown in the fig. It turns out that the volume
of the oil present is 1.086×1021 𝑚3
((4/3)×π×(6378×103)3 ).

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How long will fossil fuel last?

The energy density of fuel is in the range of 10000Wh/Lt. The

energy content in the fuel within the earth is obtained as
1.1×𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟓 KWh. Assuming that growth rate is maintained at 7%
and the entire energy is supplied using fossil fuels. The energy
requirement at any time, t can be calculated using
70×𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟐 𝒆𝟎.𝟎𝟕𝒕 KWh . t is obtained as 368 years. The fossil fuels
will get depleted in about 368 years.

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How long will fossil fuel last?

If we consider the real situation, the earth is not-completely

filled with oil as assumed and further the annual energy
consumption rate is continually growing. So the fuel may get
exhausted in about 70-100 years.
If the reserves of fuels decrease there will be a sharp increase
in the price of energy. This will lead to decrease in energy
consumption through fossil fuels. If alternative sources are
explored and utilized, then the fuel may be actually used for
more number of years.

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 Is nuclear energy really an alternative?

Nuclear energy as an alternative source is not a

feasible option. To increase the present 3%
consumption to say 20% it requires the installation
of a 400MW plant every day for the next 10
years!!!. The disposal of nuclear waste also poses a
problem.

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 What should be the paradigm shift? (a fundamental
change in approach or underlying assumptions.)

We should move from a concentrated energy usage

pattern to a more diffuse energy usage pattern

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 What are the alternative energy possibilities?

Muscle power (Some transport uses muscle power as well as a

natural energy force, such as the wind or water, to
move. Examples include things like gliders, sailing boats,
surfboards, wind surfers, kite surfers and surf skis.
Using renewable energy resources is much more environmentally
friendly.)
Solar photovoltaic
Solar thermal
Wave
Tidal
Wind
Geothermal
Bio

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 Queries?

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 Every End is a New Beginning

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