ENGINEERING DRAWING AND GRAPHICS

TIUFY-193

PROBLEM SHEET: 2

TITLE: SCALES AND GEOMETRICAL CONSTRUCTIONS

1. Construct a plain scale of 1 cm = 0.5 km to read kilometers and hectometers

and to measure up to 9 km. Find its R.F and measure a distance of 6 km and on 4
hectometer on this scale.
2. Construct a diagonal scale of 1:50 to show meters, decimeters and centimeters
and long enough to measure up to 6 meters. Also, indicate on this scale a distance of 4
meter, 5 decimeter and 4 cm.
3. Construct a diagonal scale of Representation fraction (RF) 1/500. It should be long
enough to measure 100 meters. Show a distance of 64.4 meters on the scale.
4. Draw ellipse having major and minor diameters 100 mm and 70 mm
respectively using the following methods. a) Concentric – circle method, b)
Rectangular box method,
5. Geometrically construct the following regular polygon
a) Pentagon with arm length 50 mm,
b) Hexagon with arm length 50 mm,
c) Octagon within a 100 mm ×100 mm square.

Representation Factor:

R. F. = Length of a line in the drawing / Actual length of the line in the object

For example, if we wish to represent a dimension 2 meters by a line of 4 cm long.

The line when divided into 4 equal parts, each part will be 1 cm long and that this 1
cm length on the line represents 0.5 meters on the actual object. So we might say
that we are using a scale of 1 cm to 0.5 meter.

It’s R. F. = 1 cm/ (0.5 x 100 cm) = 1/50

We call this scale to be 1:50 without any mention of cm, meter or other linear
units.

Length of scale = R.F. x maximum length to be measured.

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Solution hints:
Problem 1: Here, R. F. = 1 cm / (0.5 x 1000 x 100) cm = 1/50000

Length of the scale = (1/50000) x (9 x 1000 x 100) cm =18 cm

Problem 2: Here, R. F. = 1/ 50 and length of scale = (1/50) x (6 x 100) cm =12 cm.

Problem 3: Here, Length of scale = R.F. x maximum length to be measured = (1/500) x 100 m =
(1/500) x (100 x 100) cm = 20 cm.

Techno India University, Engineering Drawing & Graphics (TIUFY-193)

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Problem 4: a) Concentric – circle method Problem 4: b) Rectangular box method

Problem 5: a) Pentagon with arm length Problem 5: b) Hexagon with arm length 50 mm
50 mm

Problem 5: c) Octagon within a 100 mm ×100 mm square