Chemistry Calculations

Question 1: Calculate the number of atoms/molecules present in

a. 1 kg of oxygen (O2)

- Molar mass of O2 = 32 g/mol

- Number of moles in 1 kg (1000 g) of O2 = 1000 / 32 mol

- Number of molecules = Number of moles × Avogadro's number (6.022 × 10^23)

- Number of molecules = (1000 / 32) × 6.022 × 10^23

b. 1 dm^3 of hydrogen (H2) at STP

- At STP, 1 mole of any gas occupies 22.4 dm^3

- Number of moles in 1 dm^3 of H2 = 1 / 22.4 mol

- Number of molecules = Number of moles × Avogadro's number

- Number of molecules = (1 / 22.4) × 6.022 × 10^23

c. 0.1 mole of sulphur (S)

- Sulphur is typically S8, so we need to find the number of atoms in S8

- Number of molecules of S8 = 0.1 × Avogadro's number

- Number of atoms = Number of molecules × 8

- Number of atoms = 0.1 × 6.022 × 10^23 × 8

d. 0.5 mole of oxygen (O2)

- Number of molecules of O2 = 0.5 × Avogadro's number

- Number of molecules = 0.5 × 6.022 × 10^23

e. In 1 ml of any gas at STP

- 1 ml = 0.001 dm^3

- Number of moles in 0.001 dm^3 = 0.001 / 22.4 mol

- Number of molecules = Number of moles × Avogadro's number

- Number of molecules = (0.001 / 22.4) × 6.022 × 10^23

Question 2: Calculate the mass of:

a. An atom of silver (Ag)

- Atomic mass of Ag = 107.87 g/mol

- Mass of one atom = 107.87 / (6.022 × 10^23)

- Mass of one atom = 1.791 x 10^-22 g

b. One molecule of naphthalene (C10H8)

- Molar mass of C10H8 = 10(12) + 8(1) = 128 g/mol

- Mass of one molecule = 128 / (6.022 × 10^23)

- Mass of one molecule = 2.125 x 10^-22 g

c. One atom of 14C

- Atomic mass of 14C = 14 g/mol

- Mass of one atom = 14 / (6.022 × 10^23)

- Mass of one atom = 2.324 x 10^-23 g

d. 100 molecules of sucrose (C12H22O11)

- Molar mass of C12H22O11 = 12(12) + 22(1) + 11(16) = 342 g/mol

- Mass of one molecule = 342 / (6.022 × 10^23)

- Mass of 100 molecules = Mass of one molecule × 100

- Mass of 100 molecules = (342 / 6.022 × 10^23) × 100

- Mass of 100 molecules = 5.678 x 10^-21 g

e. One atom of calcium (Ca)

- Atomic mass of Ca = 40.08 g/mol

- Mass of one atom = 40.08 / (6.022 × 10^23)

- Mass of one atom = 6.653 x 10^-23 g

Question 3: What volume of gas at STP is occupied by:

a. 1.4 g of nitrogen (N2)

- Molar mass of N2 = 28 g/mol

- Number of moles = 1.4 / 28

- Volume at STP = Number of moles × 22.4 dm^3

- Volume = (1.4 / 28) × 22.4 = 1.12 dm^3

b. 6.022 x 10^23 molecules of oxygen (O2)

- 1 mole of any gas at STP = 22.4 dm^3

- Number of moles = 1 (since 6.022 × 10^23 molecules = 1 mole)

- Volume at STP = Number of moles × 22.4 dm^3

- Volume = 1 × 22.4 = 22.4 dm^3

c. 0.2 mole of ammonia (NH3)

- 1 mole of any gas at STP = 22.4 dm^3

- Volume at STP = Number of moles × 22.4 dm^3

- Volume = 0.2 × 22.4 = 4.48 dm^3

Question 4: Calculate the number of atoms of each type in 5.3 g of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)

- Molar mass of Na2CO3 = 2(23) + 12 + 3(16) = 106 g/mol

- Number of moles = 5.3 / 106

- Number of molecules = Number of moles × Avogadro's number

- Number of Na atoms = Number of molecules × 2

- Number of C atoms = Number of molecules × 1

- Number of O atoms = Number of molecules × 3

Number of molecules = (5.3 / 106) × 6.022 × 10^23 = 3.012 x 10^22

Number of Na atoms = 2 × 3.012 x 10^22 = 6.024 x 10^22

Number of C atoms = 1 × 3.012 x 10^22 = 3.012 x 10^22

Number of O atoms = 3 × 3.012 x 10^22 = 9.036 x 10^22

Question 5: Chlorophyll contains 2.68% of magnesium by mass. Calculate the number of

magnesium atoms in 5g of chlorophyll

- Mass of Mg in 5 g of chlorophyll = (2.68 / 100) × 5 g = 0.134 g

- Number of moles of Mg = 0.134 / 24.305

- Number of Mg atoms = Number of moles × Avogadro's number

- Number of Mg atoms = (0.134 / 24.305) × 6.022 × 10^23 = 3.32 x 10^21 atoms

Question 6: How much Ca is present in calcium nitrate that contains 20g of nitrogen?
- Molar mass of Ca(NO3)2 = 40.08 + 2(14.01 + 3(16)) = 164.1 g/mol

- Mass ratio of N in Ca(NO3)2 = (2 × 14.01) / 164.1

- Mass ratio of Ca in Ca(NO3)2 = 40.08 / 164.1

- Using the ratio, find mass of Ca corresponding to 20 g of N

Mass ratio of N = (2 × 14.01) / 164.1 = 0.1708

Mass of Ca = 20 g N × (40.08 / 28.02) = 28.64 g