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THE PALGRAVE MACMILLAN
ANIMAL ETHICS SERIES

Animals and
Business Ethics
Edited by
Natalie Thomas
The Palgrave Macmillan Animal Ethics Series

Series Editors
Andrew Linzey
Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics
Oxford, UK

Clair Linzey
Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics
Oxford, UK
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the ethics of our treat-
ment of animals. Philosophers have led the way, and now a range of other
scholars have followed from historians to social scientists. From being a
marginal issue, animals have become an emerging issue in ethics and in
multidisciplinary inquiry. This series will explore the challenges that
Animal Ethics poses, both conceptually and practically, to traditional
understandings of human-animal relations. Specifically, the Series will:

• provide a range of key introductory and advanced texts that map out
ethical positions on animals;
• publish pioneering work written by new, as well as accom-
plished, scholars;
• produce texts from a variety of disciplines that are multidisciplinary
in character or have multidisciplinary relevance.

For further information or to submit a proposal for consideration, please

contact Amy Invernizzi, amy.invernizzi@palgrave-usa.com.

More information about this series at

https://link.springer.com/bookseries/14421
 Natalie Thomas
Editor

Animals and Business

Ethics
Editor
Natalie Thomas
Department of Philosophy
University of Guelph
Guelph, ON, Canada

ISSN 2634-6672     ISSN 2634-6680 (electronic)

The Palgrave Macmillan Animal Ethics Series
ISBN 978-3-030-97141-0    ISBN 978-3-030-97142-7 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97142-7

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer
Nature Switzerland AG 2022
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the
Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of
translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on
microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval,
electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now
known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are
exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information
in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the
­publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to
the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The
publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and
­institutional affiliations.

Cover illustration: Chris Strickland / Alamy Stock Photo

This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature
Switzerland AG.
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
 For my parents, with love.
In honour of your sixty years of marriage and in gratitude for your constant
encouragement to us, your three “girls”.
 Series Editors’ Preface

This is a new book series for a new field of inquiry: Animal Ethics.
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the ethics of our
treatment of animals. Philosophers have led the way, and now a range of
other scholars have followed from historians to social scientists. From
being a marginal issue, animals have become an emerging issue in ethics
and in multidisciplinary inquiry.
In addition, a rethink of the status of animals has been fuelled by a
range of scientific investigations which have revealed the complexity of
animal sentiency, cognition, and awareness. The ethical implications of
this new knowledge are yet to be properly evaluated, but it is becoming
clear that the old view that animals are mere things, tools, machines, or
commodities cannot be sustained ethically.
But it is not only philosophy and science that are putting animals on the
agenda. Increasingly, in Europe and the United States, animals are becom-
ing a political issue as political parties vie for the “green” and “animal”
vote. In turn, political scientists are beginning to look again at the history
of political thought in relation to animals, and historians are beginning to
revisit the political history of animal protection.
As animals grow as an issue of importance, so there have been more
collaborative academic ventures leading to conference volumes, special
journal issues, indeed new academic animal journals as well. Moreover, we
have witnessed the growth of academic courses, as well as university posts,
in Animal Ethics, Animal Welfare, Animal Rights, Animal Law, Animals
and Philosophy, Human-Animal Studies, Critical Animal Studies, Animals

vii
viii SERIES EDITORS’ PREFACE

and Society, Animals in Literature, Animals and Religion—tangible signs

that a new academic discipline is emerging.
“Animal Ethics” is the new term for the academic exploration of the
moral status of the non-human—an exploration that explicitly involves a
focus on what we owe animals morally, and which also helps us to under-
stand the influences—social, legal, cultural, religious, and political—that
legitimate animal abuse. This series explores the challenges that Animal
Ethics poses, both conceptually and practically, to traditional understand-
ings of human-animal relations.
The series is needed for three reasons: (i) to provide the texts that will
service the new university courses on animals; (ii) to support the increas-
ing number of students studying and academics researching in animal-­
related fields, and (iii) because there is currently no book series that is a
focus for multidisciplinary research in the field.
Specifically, the series will

• provide a range of key introductory and advanced texts that map out
ethical positions on animals;
• publish pioneering work written by new, as well as accomplished,
scholars, and
• produce texts from a variety of disciplines that are multidisciplinary
in character or have multidisciplinary relevance.

The new Palgrave Macmillan Series on Animal Ethics is the result of a

unique partnership between Palgrave Macmillan and the Ferrater Mora
Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics. The series is an integral part of the mis-
sion of the Centre to put animals on the intellectual agenda by facilitating
academic research and publication. The series is also a natural complement
to one of the Centre’s other major projects, the Journal of Animal Ethics.
The Centre is an independent “think tank” for the advancement of pro-
gressive thought about animals and is the first Centre of its kind in the
world. It aims to demonstrate rigorous intellectual enquiry and the high-
est standards of scholarship. It strives to be a world-class centre of aca-
demic excellence in its field.
We invite academics to visit the Centre’s website www.oxfordanimaleth-
ics.com and to contact us with new book proposals for the series.

Oxford, UK Andrew Linzey

 Clair Linzey
 Acknowledgements

I want to thank all of the authors who contributed chapters to this vol-
ume. Each chapter is unique and reflects the span of expertise in areas
related to animals and business practices. I appreciate your patience, work
and knowledge. I am quite honoured to bring all of your voices together
in this volume and look forward to seeing the reception and promotion of
your work by others who are motivated to respond and further develop
this important area of research. I also am thankful to Dr Clair Linzey and
Professor Andrew Linzey for supporting me over the years and for provid-
ing a place for this book to land. Your unceasing efforts to better the lives
of animals is an ongoing source of inspiration and your support for those
working in the field is deeply appreciated.
Thanks also goes to Don Dedrick and Patricia Sheridan of the
Philosophy Department at the University of Guelph for supporting my
Adjunct position there and for supporting my work.
Many, many thanks go to Adam Langridge, who worked with me on
our chapter and who continues to share his mind with mine. We make a
great team and I look forward to many more years of working together.
Finally, I want to acknowledge the billions of animal lives that are used
by and for humans, and I hope that the work here will help us all to think
more on their suffering and on the many ways we can work to reduce it.

ix
 Contents

1 Animals and Business Ethics  1

Natalie Thomas

Part I Animals and Business Practices, Work, Labour and

Jobs  19

2 Are Animals Always Commodified in the Context of

Business? 21
Katy Fulfer and Patrick Clipsham

3 (Not) Serving Animals and Aiming Higher: Cultivating

Ethical and Sustainable Plant-­Based Businesses and
Humane Jobs 43
Kendra Coulter and Josh Milburn

4 Prospects for an Animal-Friendly Business Ethics 67

Brian Berkey

5 Working Animals, Ethics and Critical Theory 91

José-Carlos García-Rosell and Philip Hancock

xi
xii Contents

Part II Animal Welfare, Animal Agriculture and Animals as

Food 111

6 Competition, Regulation, and the Race to the Bottom in

Animal Agriculture113
Steven McMullen

7 Corporate Disclosure Initiative for Animal Welfare131

Carrie P. Freeman and Eugenia Ferrero

8 McVeg*n: A Critical Analysis of Vegetarianism, Business

Ethics and Animals as Food157
Kay Peggs

9 Animal Suffering, Environmental Impact, and

Lab-Cultured Meat179
Trevor Hedberg

10 Gene Editing, Animal Disenhancement and Ethical

Debates: A Conundrum for Business Ethics?203
Natalie Thomas and Adam Langridge

Part III Human and Animal Relationships in the Context

of Businesses and Industries 227

11 Moral Feelings, Compartmentalization and

Desensitization in the Practice of Animal
Experimentation229
Rebekah Humphreys

12 Denied Relationship: Moral Stress in the Vocational

Killing of Non-Human Animals251
Tomaž Grušovnik and Maša Blaznik
 Contents  xiii

13 Dolphins, Captivity and Cruelty271

Thomas I. White

14 Animals as Stakeholders297
Joshua Smart

Index325
 Notes on Contributors

Brian Berkey is an assistant professor in the Department of Legal Studies

and Business Ethics in the Wharton School at the University of
Pennsylvania, with a secondary appointment in the Department of
Philosophy at Penn. He received his PhD in Philosophy from the University
of California-Berkeley in 2012, and did his undergraduate work in
Philosophy and Politics at New York University. Before moving to Penn,
he was a postdoctoral fellow at the Center for Ethics in Society at Stanford
University. His academic work is in moral and political philosophy, and he
has written about issues such as the demandingness of morality, individual
obligations of justice, climate change mitigation obligations, effective
altruism, and entitlements of justice for non-human animals.
Maša Blaznik obtained her Honours degree in Psychology from the
Open University, UK. She is an independent researcher and writer whose
work focuses on dysfunctions within families and society. Her article
“Training Young Killers: How Butcher Education Might Be Damaging
Young People” was accepted for publication in the Journal of Animal
Ethics. She is working as a crisis response counsellor for children and ado-
lescents. Her rescue cats Taxi and Buby are gentle reminders of animal
sentience.
Patrick Clipsham is an assistant professor in the Department of
Philosophy at Winona State University. His research focuses on a number
of topics in ethics and moral philosophy, including metaethics, ethical
issues surrounding conscientious objections, and animal ethics. His publi-

xv
xvi Notes on Contributors

cations have appeared in such venues as Philosophical Studies, Public

Affairs Quarterly, and Between the Species.
Kendra Coulter is an associate professor and Chancellor’s Chair for
Research Excellence at Brock University, Canada. She is a member of the
Royal Society of Canada’s College of New Scholars, Artists, and Scientists
and an award-­winning author. She has written widely on the intersections
of animals and labour and developed the concept of humane jobs as a way
to conceptualize and encourage work that is underscored by multispecies
respect. Her most recent book is Animals, Work, and the Promise of
Interspecies Solidarity (Palgrave Macmillan/Springer, 2016).
Eugenia Ferrero originally from Florida, graduated from St. Thomas
University in 1996 with a B.A. in English and Psychology. She continued
her studies at The American University in Washington, D.C., receiving an
M.A. in Public Communication in 2000. Ferrero’s thesis focused on envi-
ronmental communication, public relations, and advertising. Upon grad-
uation, Ferrero began law school, earning a J.D. from The University of
Georgia School of Law in 2003. During law school, she served on the
Editorial Board and as a notes editor for the Georgia Journal of
International and Comparative Law. Ferrero’s legal practice began in civil
litigation but later, she specialized in commercial real estate as well as con-
tract preparation and negotiations. Ferrero continued her academic pur-
suits, earning a PhD from Georgia State University in August 2016. Her
dissertation focused on the First Amendment, media ethics, and strategic
communication. Ferrero returned to academia in 2011, as an adjunct pro-
fessor for local universities and colleges. She joined St. Thomas University
as a full-­time faculty member in August 2015, and then as assistant dean
for the School of Leadership, Education, and Communication. She has
taught a variety of courses in the Department of Communication.
Carrie P. Freeman is Associate Professor of Communication at Georgia
State University in Atlanta. She is a critical/cultural studies media
researcher who has published in over 15 scholarly books and journals on
strategic communication for activists, media ethics, environmental com-
munication, and critical animal studies, with a specialty in animal agribusi-
ness and veganism. She is the author of a 2014 vegan advocacy book
Framing Farming: Communication Strategies for Animal Rights (www.
framingfarming.com), co-edited the anthology Critical Animal & Media
Studies: Communication for Nonhuman Animal Advocacy, and co-
 Notes on Contributors  xvii

authored media style guidelines for respectful coverage of animals at www.

animalsandmedia.org. Freeman has been active in the animal rights and
vegetarian movement since the mid-1990s, leading and volunteering with
local grassroots groups in Florida, Georgia, and Oregon. She co-hosts an
environmental radio programme (In Tune to Nature, Tuesdays 6:30 pm)
and an animal rights programme (Second Opinion Radio, Wednesdays
6 pm) on Atlanta’s indie station WRFG 89.3FM.
Katy Fulfer is Assistant Professor of Philosophy and Women’s Studies at
the University of Waterloo. Her research interests are in feminist bioeth-
ics, specifically around reproduction and animals, and the philosophy of
Hannah Arendt. Her publications have appeared in Hypatia, Developing
World Bioethics, and IJFAB: International Journal of Feminist Approaches
to Bioethics.
José-Carlos García-Rosell is Senior Lecturer in Tourism Studies at the
University of Lapland, Faculty of Social Sciences, Multidimensional
Tourism Institute (MTI). His research interests are in the areas of sustain-
able business development, corporate social responsibility, stakeholder
theory, responsible tourism, tourism product development, management
education, action research and ethnographic research. He obtained a PhD
in Management from the University of Lapland, a Licentiate Degree in
Marketing from the University of Oulu, and a Master’s degree in
Agricultural Economics from the University of Natural Resources and Life
Sciences, Vienna. He has published his research in various books and jour-
nals such as Management Learning, Journal of Business Ethics, Journal of
Sustainable Tourism, and Society and Leisure.
Tomaž Grušovnik is Associate Professor of Philosophy of Education and
scientific associate at the Faculty of Education, University of Primorska,
Koper, Slovenia. His main areas of research include environmental and
animal ethics, philosophy of education, the philosophies of later
Wittgenstein and Stanley Cavell, and pragmatism. He was a Fulbright vis-
iting colleague at the Department of Philosophy, University of New
Mexico (2009), and guest lecturer at the Centre for Development and the
Environment, University of Oslo (2010). Since 2018, he has been presi-
dent of Slovenian philosophical association. He has published two books
on environmental and animal ethics, a book of fictocritical essays (all in
Slovenian), as well as a number of papers and essays on various fields of
interest. He is co-editor (together with Eduardo Mendieta and Lenart
xviii Notes on Contributors

Škof) of the book Borders and Debordering: Topologies, Praxes,

Hospitableness (2018).
Philip Hancock is Professor of Work and Organisation at Essex Business
School, University of Essex, UK. He has previously held posts at the
University of Warwick and Glasgow Caledonian University. His research
interests include the aesthetic management of work and society, critical
approaches to workplace recognition, and Christmas as a global medium
of sociomaterial organization. He has published in a range of journals
including Academy of Management Review, Organization Studies, Human
Relations, Organization, Gender, Work and Organization, and Work
Employment and Society. He is also a co-author of The Body, Culture and
Society and Work, Postmodernism and Society: A Critical Introduction, and
a co-editor of Art and Aesthetics at Work (Palgrave), The Management of
Everyday Life (Palgrave), and Understanding Corporate Life.
Trevor Hedberg is a postdoctoral scholar with Ohio State University. He
received his PhD in Philosophy from the University of Tennessee in 2017,
and his primary research interests are in applied ethics and epistemology.
His prior work has appeared in venues such as Environmental Values,
Synthese, Journal of Business Ethics, and Philosophia. His recent book The
Environmental Impact of Overpopulation: The Ethics of Procreation was
published in 2020 by Routledge.
Rebekah Humphreys is Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of
Wales, Trinity Saint David. Her research interests include applied ethics
(especially animal ethics and environmental ethics), environmental phi-
losophy, and moral philosophy in general. She has teaching interests in
additional areas. Selected publications include “Justice and Non-Human
Beings” (co-authored with Robin Attfield), Part II, in Bangladesh Journal
of Bioethics (8:1), 2017, 44–77; “Justice and Non-Human Beings” (co-
authored with Robin Attfield), Part I, in Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics
(7:3), 2016, pp. 1–11; “Dignity and its violation examined within the
context of animal ethics”, in Ethics and the Environment (21:2), Fall 2016,
143–162; “Biocentrism”, Encyclopedia of Global Bioethics, Springer, online
publication 2014, hard copy published 2016; and “The Argument from
Existence, Blood-Sports, and ‘Sport-Slaves’”, Journal of Agricultural and
Environmental Ethics, (27:2), 2014, 331–345.
Adam Langridge is Assistant Professor of Philosophy in the Philosophy,
Political Science and Economics Department at Nipissing University in
 Notes on Contributors  xix

North Bay, Canada. His research interests are primarily in the history of
philosophy, although Langridge has teaching interests in theoretical and
applied ethics.
Steven McMullen is Associate Professor of Economics at Hope College
in Holland, Michigan. His research has focused on animal ethics and eco-
nomics, including the publication of Animals and the Economy (Palgrave
Macmillan, 2016). He has also published applied microeconomic research
in education policy, focusing on homework and school calendar reform.
He received his PhD in Economics from the University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill in 2008.
Josh Milburn is a philosopher who is a Lecturer in Political Philosophy
at the Loughborough University, UK. He is interested in questions about
animals in both moral and political philosophy. His publications include
papers in the European Journal of Political Theory, the Journal of Applied
Philosophy, and the Journal of Social Philosophy, and chapters in collections
from Routledge, Palgrave Macmillan, and Oxford University Press. He is
an editor of the journal Politics and Animals, and was the winner of the
2016 Res Publica essay prize for a paper on in vitro meat.
Kay Peggs is Professor of Criminology and Sociology at Kingston
University, UK and is Fellow of the UK Oxford University Centre for
Animal Ethics. Publications include: Identity and Repartnering after
Separation (Palgrave 2007) with Richard Lampard, Animals and Sociology
(Palgrave 2012) and chapters and articles in journals such as Sociology,
British Journal of Sociology, and Sociological Review. She is co-editor of
Critical Social Research Ethics (2018) and Observation Methods (2013)
with Barry Smart and Joseph Burridge and is assistant editor of the Palgrave
Handbook of Practical Animal Ethics. Forthcoming publications include
“Experiments, Animal Bodies and Human Values” and the co-authored
“Consuming Animals: Ethics, Environment and Lifestyle Choices”.
Joshua Smart is a member of the Philosophy department at Southern
Illinois University. He received his PhD in Philosophy from the University
of Missouri in 2017. His primary research is in epistemology and metaphi-
losophy, and he has also published work in the philosophy of science.
Natalie Thomas is an adjunct faculty member in the Philosophy depart-
ment at the University of Guelph. She received her PhD in Philosophy
xx Notes on Contributors

from the University of Waterloo in Ontario, Canada, where she focused

her research on animal ethics and the study of animal minds. She is a fel-
low at the Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics, and a Woman for Humane
Canada. She teaches applied ethics courses including business ethics,
media ethics, environmental ethics, and animal ethics at various universi-
ties and colleges. In 2016, she published Animal Ethics and the Autonomous
Animal Self as part of the Animal Ethics Series with Palgrave Macmillan.
Thomas I. White is the Conrad N. Hilton Professor Emeritus of Business
Ethics at Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles, and Founder and
Director of the International Business Ethics Case Competition. He is also
a visiting professor at Mount Holyoke College in South Hadley,
Massachusetts. White is the author of seven books and numerous articles
on topics ranging from sixteenth-­century renaissance humanism to con-
temporary applied ethics. The main focus of his research is the philosophi-
cal and ethical implications of the scientific research on whales and
dolphins. He argues that such practices as the captivity of dolphins and
orcas, the deaths and injuries of dolphins in connection with hunting and
fishing practices, and attempts to bring back commercial whaling are all
ethically indefensible. White is a fellow of the Oxford Centre for Animal
Ethics. He is also a scientific advisor to the Wild Dolphin Project, a
research organization studying Atlantic-­spotted dolphins in the Bahamas,
and served as U.S. Ambassador to the U.N.’s 2007/2008 Year of the
Dolphin Program.

Contributors
Brian Berkey Department of Legal Studies and Business Ethics and of
Philosophy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Maša Blaznik Independent Researcher, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Patrick Clipsham Department of Philosophy, Winona State University,
Winona, MN, USA
Kendra Coulter Department of Labour Studies, Brock University, St.
Catherines, ON, Canada
Eugenia Ferrero Department of Communication, Georgia State
University, Atlanta, GA, USA
 Notes on Contributors  xxi

Carrie P. Freeman Department of Communication, Georgia State

University, Atlanta, GA, USA
Katy Fulfer Department of Philosophy and Gender & Social Justice
Program, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
José-Carlos García-Rosell Tourism Studies, Multidimensional Tourism
Institute (MTI), Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Lapland,
Rovaniemi, Finland
Tomaž Grušovnik Faculty of Education, University of Primorska, Koper,
Slovenia
Philip Hancock Essex Business School, University of Essex,
Colchester, UK
Trevor Hedberg Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
Rebekah Humphreys Department of Philosophy, University of Wales
Trinity Saint David, Ceredigion, UK
Adam Langridge Department of Philosophy, Political Science and
Economics, Nipissing University, North Bay, ON, Canada
Steven McMullen Department of Economics, Hope College,
Holland, MI, USA
Josh Milburn International Relations, Politics and History,
Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
Kay Peggs Department of Criminology and Sociology, Kingston
University, Kingston upon Thames, UK
Joshua Smart Department of Philosophy, Southern Illinois University
Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, USA
Natalie Thomas Department of Philosophy, University of Guelph,
Guelph, ON, Canada
Thomas I. White Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, USA
 CHAPTER 1

Animals and Business Ethics

Natalie Thomas

The human relationship with other animals is fraught with moral contra-
dictions, and this is due, in part, to the socioeconomic framework that it
is embedded in. This framework originated from and continues to be
based on the benefits it provides for humans, and as such it is due time that
we exert effort and place priority on analysing the ethics of our use of
animals in business practices. This volume arises from concerns about the
ethical implications of our uses of other animals and does so from theoreti-
cal perspectives in animal welfare, animal ethics, human-animal studies,
business ethics and other related disciplines. We are animals ourselves of
course, and yet we have distinguished ourselves from other animals based
on things like religion, rationality and culture that are used to give license
and justification to our use of animals for profit. We love our pets, giving
rise to a global pet industry of an estimated $100 billion (USD) by 2020
(Arenofsky 2017), and yet we annually slaughter billions of other mam-
mals, who arguably possess similar levels of intelligence and emotions
under conditions that cause much suffering (Halteman 2011). Indeed, as
McMullen claims, “While many human-animal interactions are

N. Thomas (*)
Department of Philosophy, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
e-mail: natevans@uoguelph.ca

© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature 1

Switzerland AG 2022
N. Thomas (ed.), Animals and Business Ethics, The Palgrave
Macmillan Animal Ethics Series,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97142-7_1
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
The Project Gutenberg eBook of Hurmioituneet
kasvot
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States
and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no
restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it
under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this
ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the
United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where
you are located before using this eBook.

Title: Hurmioituneet kasvot

Runoja

Author: Elina Vaara

Yrjö Jylhä
Olavi Paavolainen
Ilmari Pimiä
Katri Vala
Lauri Viljanen

Release date: March 23, 2024 [eBook #73239]

Language: Finnish

Original publication: Porvoo: WSOY, 1925

Credits: Tuula Temonen

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK

HURMIOITUNEET KASVOT ***
HURMIOITUNEET KASVOT

Runoja

Kirj.

Elina Vaara
Katri Vala
Yrjö Jylhä
Olavi Lauri
Ilmari Pimiä
Lauri Viljanen

Porvoossa, Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, 1925.

SISÄLLYS:

ELINA VAARA: PALMURANNAT

Netkron sadusta
Suleika I-V
Odaliski
Luutun helähdyksiä
Yö keitaalla

KATRI VALA: OLEANDERISATU

Hajuherneet
Oleanderisatu
Ihana päällikkö
Meren rannalla
Venhelaulu
Valkoiset pyhimykset
Ikävä
Syksyinen kuu

YRJÖ JYLHÄ: PAINAJAISUNTA

 Tyrmästä tullut
Ad astra
Jäätynyt
Painajaisuni
Kotimatkalla
Sirkuksessa
Härkätaistelija I-II

OLAVI LAURI: RYPÄLETERTTU

Iltatähti
Aamutunnelma
Sydänpäivä
Kuuma yö
Kaukana merellä
Tummat illat
Outo serenaadi

ILMARI PIMIÄ: NÄKINKENKÄ

Akordi
Herännyt kevät
Puutarha-odotus
Kuu paistaa
Syksyinen lähtö
Pitkä ilta
Tää kukkanen
Laulu iltatähdille
Näkinkenkä

LAURI VILJANEN: TÄHTIKEINU

 Ensi hyväily
Poppelit
Pilvi
Eron tuska
Laskeva aurinko
Syksyinen kukkatarha
Syksy ja kevät
Hiljaisessa metsässä
Tähtikeinu

ELINA VAARA: PALMURANNAT

NETKRON SADUSTA.

Netkron laulu.

Ma kylven aamun noustessa Niilin rannalla, kun taivas

sinihehkuvana palaa. Soi pääni yllä palmujen raikas humina,
ja vesiheinä polviani halaa.

Mun ruumiini on nuori ja ruusuntuoksuva,

sen syleilyynsä sulkee vilpas Niili.
Ma lootuskukan lailla keinun virran laineilla,
mut poskeni on polttavat kuin hiili.

Ma lootuskukan lailla keinun virran laineilla, ja tyttö valkein

kaupungissa lienen, mut poskeni on punaiset, ah, pelon
hurmasta: on kotka vienyt sandaalini pienen!

Pyhä lintu.

Ja kedolla juur' oikeutta jakaa ruhtinas, kun huutoon

puhkee tuhatpäinen kansa: sen yllä kaartaa korppikotka,
ilman valtias, ja kohu kuuluu siiveniskuistansa!
 Kuin tervehtien pudottaa se pienen sandaalin
nyt maahan mahtavimman jalkain juureen,
ja taivaan sineen kohoo jälleen komein
kaarroksin!
Jää kansa kaikki ihmetykseen suureen.

Mut papit viisaat selittää: »Oi poika Auringon,

tää ennusmerkki onnea on tuova!
Näin pyhä lintu valinnut lie sulle puolison.
Oot hänen kanssaan kulta-ajan luova.»

»Ape rek!»

Tää mistä torven toitotus ja rumpuin pauhu tuo

ja huudot, jotka valtatiellä kajaa?
Käy Farao nyt viininmyöjän, muukalaisen luo.
Hän majan eteen vaunuillansa ajaa.

On kautta pyramiidein maan hän neittä etsinyt,

ken sandaalin vois tuta omaksensa.
Oi Netkro, synnyinhetkelläs on tähti hymyillyt:
sun ruhtinas nyt nostaa rinnallensa!

Oi Netkro, laske viiniruukku kädestäsi pois,

mi liian kaunis halpaan ompi työhön.
Hän vaunuissaan sua odottaa, ei viipyvän
sun sois.
Vain kiinnä kukka tummain hiustes yöhön!
SULEIKA.

I.

Minä talomme katolta kerran sun ohitse kulkevan näin, ja

niinkuin erämaan palmupuu sa olit silmissäin. Tosin kertoivat
köyhyydestä sun ryysyiset vaattehes, mut kuitenkin korkein
haaveeni ois olla arvoises.

Sillä mustien silmäisi liekki oli ylpeä, ylhäinen. Ah, tuhkaksi

palaa tahtoisin ma tulessa liekin sen! En muuta autuutta
tunne, kuin että sinut nään: jos ohi talon taas et käy, ma
kuolen ikävään!

II.

Joka ilta sun askeleesi mun luokseni johtavat ja raoista

ristikkoportin sataa kuumat suudelmat. Mikä onni: on kolkassa
muurin tuo tuuhea öljypuu. Sen ryhmyiset oksat suojellen yli
päittemme kaareutuu.

Kas, tähtivalo kirkas läpi lehvien lankeaa! Sen taakse

tummat kasvonsa yötaivas hunnuttaa. Sano, tyttöä lempiä
 voitko, jok' on huntunsa poistanut? Joka yö minä nyyhkytän
vuoteellain, kun oot mua suudellut.

III.

Minä riemusta väristen varron sitä päivää, mi valjetessaan

sinut vieraaksi isäni huoneeseen tuo tytärtä anelemaan! Sinä
viet minut matalaan majaan. On puutarha ympäri sen. Minä
puutarhurin vaimo olen nuori, onnellinen.

Käyn aamuin kaivolla kantain saviruukkua päällä pään. Ma

jauhan, leivon, askaroin ain' iltapimeään. Kukat, hedelmät,
joilla ei vertaa, sinä vaalit ja korjailet. Yön tullen käymme
nukkumaan kuin pesässä kyyhkyset.

IV.

Oi, miksi halvan neidon näin petit, mahtavin? Et köyhä

armaani ollutkaan, josta lauloin, haaveksin! Oot rikas, kultaa
sulla on täynnä kammiot ja kallein helmin kivetyt sun linnasi
permannot.

Tuhat vaimoa haaremissas on kaunista, kiemailevaa. Mua

kaipaat hetken leluksi vain, millä ikävääs haihduttaa. Mut
vaikka parvessa neitoin olen halvin, mitättömin, on puhdas
lempeni liian kallis kaliifin linnaankin!

V.
Minä koraaninlausetta silkkiin nyt kirjailen viheriään. Voi
häntä, ken enää armastaan ei kohtaa eläissään! Sen poskilta
punaiset valmut pian haaltuu, varisee, pois hiusten kimmel
katoaa, säde silmäin himmenee.

Yks ajatus mieltäni vainoo, en rauhaa siltä saa: hänen

omansa olla voisin nyt, hänen luonansa asustaa. Oi Allah,
ankarasti et takana kuoleman mua tuominne, jos rintahain ma
tikarin painallan!
ODALISKI.

Hän lojuu pieluksilla divaanin, ja olkapäältä liukuu silkkihiha.

On huulet punaiset kuin luumun liha, mut kasvot kuultaa lailla
balsamin.

Ja ikkunansa peittyin ruusuihin kuin hiillos hehkuu —

silmissään on viha: ei riitä niille puisto, pylväspiha, ne
köynnösverkoin kietoo seraljin.

Niin tukehduttaa lemu myrhan, myskin, ja unhottunut ilmain

heleyskin on tällä puolen tumman ristikon.

Ah, siellä virta välkkyy auringossa, ja täysin purjein keinuu

aallokossa nyt laiva lähtövalmis, levoton —!
LUUTUN HELÄHDYKSIÄ.

Keltainen onni.

Verhottuna sitruunanväriseen silkkiin on minun tumma

lemmittyni kuin auringonkukka sulttaanin suurissa
puutarhoissa! Istuen jalat ristissä kultaompelein kirjaillulla
matolla punaa hän kynsiään, joista jokainen on siromuotoinen
ja kiiltävä kuin ihmeen pieni, soikea kuvastin.

Oletko ehtinyt laskea suudelmiani, armas?

Punainen onni.

Taivaalla paloi tulinen loimotus

ja venheemme luutunsoittajineen keinui hiljaa virralla,
jonka vesi oli kuin liekehtivää viiniä.
Vedin pääsi puoleeni katoksen alla
ja hämmästyin,
sillä sinun suusi oli aivan veripunainen ja kuuma.
Kysyin syytä levottomana ja nauraen vastasit:

Olen syönyt sydämesi, rakas valtiaani!

Valkea onni.

Oletko lainkaan huomannut,

että puutarhat lainehtivat tulvillaan jasmiinin valkeita kukkia?

Älä vihastu, oi minun rakas valtiaani,

ymmärtämättömään orjattareesi,
jos sanon, että monina unettomina öinä
olen itkenyt lempemme tummaa paloa!
Emmekö nouse sen hiilloksesta, valtiaani,
ennenkuin olemme tuhkaa?
Oi lausu,
emmekö nyt laskeudu marmoriportaita
puutarhaan, poimimaan valkeita kukkia
sitoaksemme niistä köynnöksiä
pylvässaleihimme!
YÖ KEITAALLA.

Kaivolta hiljaa kamelin kellot soivat.

Punaisin liekein leimuaa nuotion palo.
Jalkaisi juuressa uskollisna ma valvon,
telttas on minulle armahin asuintalo.
Kaivolta hiljaa kamelin kellot soivat.

Muistatko kangastuksen kaupunkia?

Kuin sen korkeat minareetit hohti,
hartain kaipuin kohoten taivahalle,
niin minun sieluni halaa sinua kohti.
Muistatko kangastuksen kaupunkia?

Laulaa palmujen latvoissa tuulen humu.

Kylmä on yö, mutta poveni polttavan kuuma.
Hengitä oliivintummilta kasvoiltani
suloisimpain yrttien tuoksu ja huuma!
Laulaa palmujen latvoissa tuulen humu.
KATRI VALA: OLEANDERISATU
HAJUHERNEET.

Hajuherneet, kukkani, jotka ylenette kuumassa yössä viileinä

ja täynnä kuultavaa tuoksuvaa, teille tahdon sanoa
salaisuuden, jota ei päivällä ole, mutta joka öisin saa minut
niin väriseväksi.

Painan kasvoni poskianne vasten, te rakkaat, täynnä

lempeätä hekumaa, sillä olen nyt kovin nuori ja tunnen
punastuksen lyövän yli otsani: joku on suudellut olkapäitäni
pitkään ja kiihkeästi.

Hymyilettekö te kaikki
hievahtamattomassa yössä?
En näe silmiänne,
mutta tunnen hymyilynne lehahtavan
kasvoilleni.

Itkien ja nauraen sukellan tuoksuvaan syliinne, ja teidän

pienet kukkassuudelmanne putoavat kuumeisen ruumiini yli
kuin lempeät, hiljaiset pisarat.
OLEANDERISATU.

Minä olen hyljätyn linnan pieni murheellinen neito; ja sinä olet

suuri väkevä sankari kaukaa ihmeellisestä maailmasta. Ehkä
olet jonkun kreikkalaisen jumalan poika.

Olemme kulkeneet koko päivän loistavassa metsässä.

Sinne on valunut sineä ja kultaa taivaalta ja putoilee yhä
oleanderinkukkia.

Sinä ihana hullu, luulisi taivaan olevan viiniä täynnä! »Olet

liian säteilevä tänään», sanot. »Mieluummin katson suoraan
aurinkoon. Ja niin pieni olet, sopisit oikeaan käteeni!»

Ja silmäsi kääntyvät minuun täynnä jumaloivaa hellyyttä. ja

minä katselen nauraen oikeaa kättäsi, väkevää ja kaunista ja
minusta tuntuu, että ulottuisin suutelemaan sitä, jos nousisin
varpailleni.