Course: Physic II electricity and Magnetism

University of Djibouti
College of Engineering
Class: ENG 2nd

Chapter 06: Magnetic field

Instructer: Hamda Abdi Atteyeh

Winterr 2023
 I. MAGNETIC FIELD
Magnets
Materials that attract other metals such
as iron or steel.
Magnetism
Since ancient times, certain materials,
called magnets, have been known to have
the property of attracting tiny pieces of
metal. This attractive property is called
magnetism.

Magnetic Poles
Magnetic poles refer to the two ends of a
magnet.
Region at each end of a magnet where the
magnetic intensity is the strongest.
I. MAGNETIC FIELD
Magnetic Field Lines

A magnetic field is a vector field that describes

the magnetic influence of a magnet.
The magnetic field is the region surrounding
magnet.
The lines outside the magnet point goes from the
North pole to the South pole.
Like magnetic
poles repel each
other
Unlike magnetic
poles attract each
other
Closer together,
greater the force
MAGNETIC MATERIAL
Permanent Magnet Electromagnet

Is an oject made from a material that is An electromagnet is a type of magnet in

magnetized and it create its own magnetic which the magnetic field is produced by an

field. electric current.

As name suggests, a permanent magnet is Current through the wire creates a magnetic

permanent. field that will come surround the wire.

This means that it will always display a It mean that a follow of charges create

magnetic behavior at all times. magnetic field, proportion to the intensity of

charge.
RIGHT HAND RULE FOR CONDUCTING WIRE
Imagine holding the conductor in your right hand so that

your thumb points in the direction of the current (the flow

of positive charges). If you wrap your fingers along the

wire, the direction of your fingertips represent the

direction of the magnetic field lines around the wire.

Magnetic field lines on a 2 dimensional piece of paper, we

use arrows direction presentation

II. FORCE EXERTED BY A MAGNETIC FIELD
In electrostatics, we considered the force acting on a test
charge due to some collection of charges, all of which were
at rest. Now we want to look at forces on charges in motion.

The force due to a magnetic field B, acting on a charge Q

moving at a velocity v, is:

Vector quantity of magnetic force :

B : Magnetic Field, unit: Tesla (T)

v : velocity of the charge, unit m/s
Magnitude of magnetic force : FB : Mgnetic force, Unit: Newton (N)
: Angle between the magnetic field
and velocity
 The moving charge interacts with the fixed magnet.

Remark: The force is at a maximum when the velocity of the

charge is perpendicular to the magnetic field, hence
achieving a 90° angle between magnetic field and the
velocity.
•Right-hand rule gives direction of force on
positive charge.
•Left-hand rule gives direction of force on
negative charge.
Determine the direction of the unknown variable for a proton moving in the field using the
coordinate axis given
 III. Magnetic Force on a moving charge

Magnetic force can cause a charged particle to

move in a circular or spiral path
Charged particle moving through a magnetic field
experience a force perpendicular to both their
velocity and the field, causing it to follow curved
paths.
The magnetic force is equivalant to the centripetal
force and thus can be used to solve for the circular
path.
 IV. Charges moving in a wire

Until now, our focus has centered on individual

particles or charges. When charges move
collectively, as in a wire carrying current, the wire
itself experiences a force in the presence of a
magnetic field due to the movement of charges
within it