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    5th Module HTML

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    5th Module HTML

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    2 views8 pages

    5th Module HTML

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    dls926381

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 8

    5th Module

    HTML
    ➢ WEB BROWSER
    A web browser is a software application for retrieving, presenting, and
    traversing information resources on the world wide web.
    An information resource is identified by a uniform resource identified by a
    uniform resource identifier (URI) and may be web page,image, video or other
    piece of content.Hyperlinks present in resources enable users to easily
    navigate their browsers to related resources.
    The primary purpose of a web browser is to bring information resources to the
    user.
    Browsers are primarily intended to acess the world wide web, they can also be
    used to acess information provided by webservers in private network or files
    in file systems.
    Example of web browsers include Microsoft,Internet explorer,Mozilla firefox,
    Google Chrome.
    ➢ STRUCTURES OF AN HTML DOCUMENT

    An HTML documents is composed of three parts:

    1.A line containing HTML document type.


    2.A declarative header element.
    3.A body, which contains the documents actual content
    Both the head and the body must be enclosed in <html>…… </html>
    • The !DOCTYPE Declaration

    A DOCTYPE declaration must be specified on the first line of each


    web document. The DOCTYPE tells the web browser which version
    of HTML the page is written in. This declaration is made using the
    HTML !DOCTYPE tag and is the very first thing in all the
    document.This provides the web browser with information about
    the type of markup language in which the page is written. It refers
    to a known Document type definition or DTD .
    The DTD set out the rules and grammar for that flavor of markup,
    enabling the browser to render the content accordingly.
    The DOCTYPE looks like this

    • THE DOCUMENT’S HEAD

    An HTML documents head is enclosed by the HTML


    <head>….</head> tag.The head element must contain a title
    element.This element is used to set the title of the HTML
    document,which is commonly displayed by the web browser in
    the title bar of the window.
    An example of the use of the title element.
    <head>
    <title>This is the title</title>
    </head>
    There can only be one title in the header section.
    • THE DOCUMENT’S BODY

    The body is the container for the visual part of a document. All
    things written here will be shown when the document is finally
    rendered. Most of the tags in HTML can be inserted in the body
    section and will shape the visual aspects of the document. The
    body section can include headers ,paragraph, lists, tables and
    more.

    ➢ HTML ELEMENTS

    HTML documents are composed of a tree of HTML elements, including


    a head and body, headings,paragraph,list,forms,etc.

    • ELEMENTS
    Elements are the structures that describe parts of an HTML document.
    An elements has three parts : a start tag, content and an end tag. A tag is
    markup that is denoted by < and >. An end tag includes a “/” after the <.
    Elements can also have content , including other elements and text.
    HTML tags tell your browser which element to present and how to
    present them.Where the element appears is determined by the order in
    which the tag appear.
    Elements names are always case insensitive.
    Elements cannot overlap each other.
    Some elements allow the start or end tag to be omitted. For example
    the LI tag since the elements end is implied by the next LI element or by
    the end of list.
    Some elements have no end tag because they have no content. For
    example the BR tag for line breaks are represented only by a start tag
    and are said to be empty or void elements.

    • ATTRIBUTES
    Each element can have attributes specified .An elements attributes
    define various properties for the element.For example , the IMG element
    takes SRC attribute to provide the location of the image and an ALT attribute to
    give alternate text for those not loading images.
    An attribute is included in the start tag only – never the end tag – and takes
    the form:
    Attribute-name= Attribute -value
    Attribute value is delimited by single or double quote.Attribute names are
    case insensitive ,but attribute values may be case sensitive.
    ➢ STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
    The Structural elements are used to provide structure in a web page,for
    instance , indicating sections on a page with a heading , cresting a paragraph
    and so on.
    The commonly used structural elements are discussed below:
    • Body
    The body element wraps around all the content that will be
    displayed on screen, such as heading ,paragraphs, images, table and so on.
    It has some unique attributes, including alink, link, vlink ,text, background,
    bgcolour etc.
    Syntax: <body alink =” colour”
    background= “uri”

    bgcolor = “colour”
    link =” colour”
    vlink= “ colour” >
    .
    .
    </body>
    The following are the attributes of the body element:
    1. alink(alink= “ colour”) : alink is short for active link.This attributes sets
    the active links to a specified colour.This attributes takes as its value a
    recognized colour name.
    2. background (background = “ uri” ) : The background attribute is used to
    display a background image on the webpage
    3. bgcolor ( bgcolor = “color” ) : The bgcolor attribute of the body element
    provides a mechanism for changing the default background color.
    Example: <body bgcolor = “ yellow “ >
    .
    .
    </body>

    4. vlink (vlink =” color”) : The vlink attribute stands for visited link .Vlink
    attribute specifies the color of the visited link.
    Example; This code sets visited links to “ gray”
    < body vlink = “ gray “>
    .
    .
    </body>

    • br <br>

    The <br> tag inserts a single line break.The <br> tag is useful for
    writing addresses or poems and it is an empty tag which means
    that it has no end tag.

    The following is attribute of the br element

    Clear ( clear = “{ all|left|none|right }” ) : The clear attribute of br


    element is used to clear any pre existing right or left alignment. It
    ensures that the content after the br element appears beneath
    the baseline of the previously aligned element.

    • hr < hr >

    The hr element creates in the document a highly visible break


    that result as slim horizontal line running in the width of the area
    to which it is applied.
    The following are the attributes of the hr element

    1.Color ( color = “ color “ )

    2. noshade ( noshade = “ noshade “ ) : By default , most


    browserers display the hr element as a beveled line – an effect
    that is uniformly recognized as being slightly ugly.noshade is an
    optional attribute that switches the beveled effect off, flattening
    the line.

    3. size ( size = “ number “) : The size attribute determines the hr


    elements height in pixels.

    4. width ( width = “ { number | percentage } “ ) : The width


    attribute determines the hr elements width in pixels , if no width
    is specified, the hr will take up 100% of its containing element.
    • h1 to h6 ( <h1>… </h1> to <h6>… </h6> )

    The h1 element is used to indicate the most important headind on


    the page. In total we have six heading level to choose from h1 to
    h6 – to add structures to the web page. h1 is the highest heading
    level and h6 the lowest. A documents first heading should be an
    h1 , followed by one or more h2 heading.

    The following is the attribute of the h1 element

    align ( align = “ { left | center | right | justify } “) : The align


    attribute affects the text content inside the h1 aligning it to the
    left , right or center or setting it to justify on the page.

    • head (< head>…..</head>)

    The <head> element is a container for metadata (data about data) and
    is placed between the <html> tag and the <body> tag.HTML
    metadata is data about the HTML document. Metadata is not
    displayed.Metadata typically define the document title, character set,
    styles, scripts, and other meta information.
    • html ( <html>….. </html>

    The html is the outer container for everything that appears in an html
    document. The <html> tag represents the root of an HTML document.Although
    the html element is the outermost element it does not contain the DOCTYPE –
    the DOCTYPE must come before the html element.

    • p ( < p>….. </p>)

    The p element is one of the most commonly used building blocks


    of html.When you use the p element to begin a new paragraph in
    html it automatically creates some space above and below the
    content.

    The following are the attributes of the p element :

    Align ( align = “ { left | center | right |justify |} “ ) : The align


    attribute affects the content of the p, aligning the content to the
    left, right or center or setting it to justify on the page

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