UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER

SCIENCE & SERVICES, UTM KL SEMESTER 1, SESION 2023/2024

LAB SKILL 1
DDWD 3343: COMPUTER SECURITY SECTION 38

NAME:
1. MUHAMMAD FAIQ HAZIQ BIN MOHD ZAMBERI – A21DW1312
2. ABANG RAIF ZAKWAN BIN ABANG RAZALI – A21DW0493

COURSE: 3 DDWD – DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER SCIENCE

SUBMITION DATE: 21 OCTOBER 2023
LECTURER’S NAME: CIK SITI FATIMAH BINTI MOHAMAD AYOP
TABLE OF CONTENT

Table of Contents
1.0 THEORETICAL BASIS............................................................................................................2
1.1 TYPES OF CABLE...................................................................................................................3
1.2 ETHERNET UTP CABLES SCHEME.....................................................................................7
2.0 MAKE AND TEST YOUR CABLE UTP CAT5E....................................................................8
2.1 TOOLS REQUIRED.................................................................................................................8
3.0 CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................................8

1.0 THEORETICAL BASIS

What is cable?
Cables, within the realm of technology and electronics, typically consist of a collection of insulated
wires or conductors bundled together. These cables serve the crucial function of facilitating the
transmission of signals, data, or electrical power from one location to another. They are an integral
component of contemporary infrastructure and find utility across a wide range of applications, serving
as the means for conveying various forms of information or energy.

What is cable function?

1. Signal Transmission: Cables are designed to transmit various types of signals, including
electrical, digital, analog, and optical signals. They maintain the integrity of these signals
during transmission.
2. Data Transfer: Cables enable the transfer of data between electronic devices. This is crucial
for networking, data storage, and communication.
3. Power Distribution: Power cables deliver electrical power from a source, such as an outlet or
generator, to devices and systems that require electricity to operate.

What is cable usage?

1. Power Cables: Used in homes, offices, and industrial settings to provide power to devices,
appliances, machinery, and lighting systems.
2. Data Cables:
 Ethernet Cables: Employed for networking and internet connections, linking
computers, routers, and switches.
 USB Cables: Utilized to connect and transfer data between computers and
peripherals like smartphones, printers, and external storage devices.
  HDMI Cables: Used to transmit high-definition audio and video signals, connecting
devices like TVs, monitors, and gaming consoles.
 Audio Cables: Essential for connecting audio equipment, including microphones,
speakers, and headphones.
3. Coaxial Cables: Commonly used for cable television and internet connectivity, as well as in
security camera systems.
4. Fiber Optic Cables: Employed in telecommunications, internet infrastructure, and high-
speed data transmission due to their high bandwidth and ability to transmit data using light
signals.
5. Control Cables: Used in various applications, such as industrial automation and robotics, to
transmit control signals for operating machinery and systems.
6. Instrumentation Cables: Vital for measuring and controlling electrical parameters in
industrial and laboratory settings, typically used in sensor and control systems.

1.1 TYPES OF CABLE

a) Cables types by wired:

Cat 5e, which stands for Category 5e, is a popular Ethernet cable used for network connections.
It represents an upgraded iteration of the initial Cat 5 cable, providing improved performance and
reliability for Ethernet networks.

b) Cables types by UTP categories:

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cables are available in various categories, commonly employed
for networking and data transmission. Each UTP category possesses distinct traits and is well-
suited for specific purposes. In our current lab setup, we are utilizing Category 5e (Cat5e) cables.

c) Cable types by cross:

 Figure 1.1.1 Colour order of the cable in this lab skills

d) Cable types by crimping:

Ethernet cables generally make use of RJ-45 connectors, which are affixed to the cable ends
through a crimping process. This procedure entails organizing the twisted pairs in accordance
with the T568A or T568B wiring standards, inserting them into the RJ-45 connector, and then
employing a crimping tool to firmly attach the connector in position.

Figure 1.1.2 The RJ-45 connector

In the crimping process, we'll be connecting the Cat5e LAN cable to the RJ-45 connector. However,
it's crucial to verify that the cable's colour order is correct before proceeding with the connection.
Once confirmed, we'll ensure that the cable ends are uniform in height, and if needed, we can trim any
excess cable with scissors. Once both of these steps are completed, we can move on to attaching the
cable to the connector. The term "crimping" is aptly used because it describes the action of firmly
securing the connected cable to the RJ-45 using the crimping tool. This process is essential for
fastening the wires in place and guaranteeing a reliable and proper connection.

Figure 1.1.3 We are arranging the colour order of the cable.

Figure 1.1.4 This is the crimping tool for crimping process.

Figure 1.1.5 Shows the result when the cat53 cable connector with RJ-45 connector.
1.2 ETHERNET UTP CABLES SCHEME

The cable that was used was the Cat5e Ethernet UTP cable. This cable involves several key
components and layers. The overview of the structure of the cable are as follows:-

1. Outer Jacket: It is the outermost layer of the cable. It is usually made out of polyvinyl
chloride (PVC) which provides protection to the internal components.
2. Rip Cord: Used for easier removal of the jacket when you need to terminate the cable or to
expose the internal wires.
3. Shielding: Cat5e cables are unshielded compared to twisted pair STP cables which are
shielded. Unshielded cables are typically more sufficient for ethernet applications because it
lacks the additional electromagnetic shielding.
4. Twisted Pairs: Cat5e cables contains four pairs of insulated copper wires. Two wires in each
pair are twisted together. This is because twisting the pairs will reduce crosstalk which is an
electromagnetic interference between adjacent wire pairs.
5. Insulation: Each individual copper wire within a pair is insulated with polyethylene (PE). The
insulation prevents electrical contact between the wires and maintains the integrity of the
electrical signals.
6. Central Spline: It is used to separate the pairs from each other as well as maintaining the
cable’s round shape and can further reduce crosstalk.
7. Cable Core: The core consists of the twisted wire pairs along with any additional elements,
such as the separator and central spline.
8. RJ-45 Connectors: Cat5e cables are typically terminated with RJ-45 connectors at each end.
These connectors have eight pins that correspond to the eight wires inside the cable. The
wires are connected to specific pins based on the chosen wiring scheme to ensure proper data
transmission.
2.0 MAKE AND TEST YOUR CABLE UTP CAT5E.

In order to test the cable we used the Handheld LAN Cable Tester Continuity Tester.

Figure 2.1 shows the Handheld LAN Cable Tester Continuity Tester that was used to test the Cat5e cable. The result shown
indicates that the cable is working properly.

After assembling the Cat5e cable, it is connected into the tester and then the tester is turned on. The
tester will need to show the output lit up in order following the indicator from 1 until 8
simultaneously. If it is not in order then the cable will need to be recheck and the assembling process
of the Cat5e cable will need to be redone if necessary.

2.1 TOOLS REQUIRED

1. Cat5e Cable : Used for the Ethernet connectivity.

2. Crimping Tool : Used for cutting or stripping the cable and wires.
3. Scissors : Used for cutting or stripping the cable and wires.
4. RJ45 Connectors : Used to connect with the Cat5e cable following the T568A or T568B
wiring standard.
5. A Network Cable Tester : To test and verify the cable’s functionality and to detect any issues
or problems with the cable.

3.0 CONCLUSION

As a conclusion, assembling a Cat5e cable requires a high level of concentration in positioning and
arranging the wires accordingly and ensure it is connected to the RJ45 properly. The RJ45 will need
to be clipped in order to make the cable connected as tight as possible and not allowing the possibility
of the cable coming of the RJ45. The testing of the cable will need to be done and observed will full
attention and focus to make sure the cable is working properly without any issues.