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REDUCE PHRASES/ CLAUSES

1. We are talking about the girl who used to be a Miss World.

A. The girl about whom we are talking used to be a Miss World.
B. We hardly know a girl who used to be a Miss World.
C. The girl who used to be a Miss World said that she knew you.
D. We know the girl who used to be a Miss World.
2. He told her about the book. He liked it best.
A. He told her about the book which he liked it best.
B. He told her about the book which he liked best.
C. He told her about the book whom he liked best.
D. He told her about the book whose he liked best.
3. The old man is working in this factory. I borrowed his bicycle yesterday.
A. The old man is working in this factory which I borrowed his bicycle yesterday.
B. The old man whom is working in this factory I borrowed his bicycle yesterday.
C. The old man whom I borrowed his bicycle yesterday is working in this factory.
D. The old man whose bicycle I borrowed yesterday is working in this factory
4. He is believed _______by terrorists two months ago.
A. was killed B. to have been killed C. being killed D. had been killed
5. The weather is expected ______ good tomorrow.
A. will be B. to be C. is D. being
6. The police report that four people ______ in the accident.
A. to be injured B. to have been injured C. are injured D. were injured
7. The students____ for the train are good ones.
A. waited B. waiting C. which is waiting D. to wait
8. This is the seventh person____ late.
A. coming B. to come C. come D. all are correct
9. She’s the woman_______________ sister looks after the baby for us.
A. who B. which C. that’s D. whose
10.That’s the doctor for________________ Cliff works.
A. that B. which C. whom D. whose
11.Marie,______________ I met at the party, called me last night. Page3
A. that B. whom C. which D. whose
12.I remember Alice,______________ rode the bus to school with.
A. I B. whom I C. which I D. who
13.I used to enjoy the summer, ______________ we had a big family picnic.
A. where B. when C. which D. that
14.Tell me about the city ______________ you grew up.
A. that B. where C. which D. ø
15.Anna found the book that ________________ wanted at the bookshop.
A. ø B. where C. she D. which
16.Please remember to take back to the library all the books _____________ are due this week.
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A. ø B. that C. when D. they
17.The students are reading some books____________ are on disasters.
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
18.The children__________are playing in the yard are Mr Brown’s nephews.
A. whom B. that C. which D. where

Use reduced relative clauses in place of the relative clauses

1. Be sure to follow the instructions that are given at the top of the page.
@ Be sure to follow the instructions given at the top of the page.
2. Students who arrive late will not be permitted to enter the classroom.
@ Students arriving late will not be permitted to enter the classroom.
3. John, who was taken by surprise, hardly knew what to say.
@ John, taken by surprise, hardly knew what to say.
4. The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
@ The people waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
5. We drove along the road that was still flooded after the heavy rain.
@ We drove along the road still flooded after the heavy rain.
6. The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress
@
The wild ox which is kept at Nam Cat Tien National Park is of a special kind
@..........................................................................................................................................................
7. The helicopter which was flying toward the lake made a low droning sound.
@..........................................................................................................................................................
8. The winner of the marathon, who was breathing deeply and smiling at the crowd, raised her right
hand and waved.
@..........................................................................................................................................................
9. Any student who does not want to go on the trip should inform the office.
@..........................................................................................................................................................
10. Do you know the woman who is coming toward us ?
.........................................................................................................................................................
11. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.
.........................................................................................................................................................
12. They live in a house that was built in 1880.
.........................................................................................................................................................
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13. He was the first man who left the burning building.
.........................................................................................................................................................
14. The couple who live in the house next door are both college professors
.........................................................................................................................................................
15. The students who did not come to the class yesterday explain their absence to the teacher.
.........................................................................................................................................................
16. Did you get the message which concerned the special meeting ?
.........................................................................................................................................................
17. Lan is the second student who entered the classroom this morning.
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038 300 8118
.........................................................................................................................................................
18. The psychologists who study the nature of sleep have made important discoveries.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

Fill in the blanks with the present participle.

1. (search) for her gloves, she dug through the entire wardrobe.
2. (whistle) a song, she danced through the house with the mop.
3. (sit) in the shade, we ate cake and drank coffee.
4. The child sat at the desk (paint) a picture.
5. (run) to the bus stop, she lost her shoe.

Fill in the blanks the past participle.

1. (blind) by the sun, the driver didn’t see the stop sign.
2. (prepare) by the chef himself, the dinner will be a real treat.
3. (sing) by him, every song sounds just wonderful.
4. (misuse) as a refuse dump, the place became more and more shabby.
5. Though (bear) in England, she spent most of her childhood in the United States.

Fill in the blanks with the present perfect participle.

1. (park) the car, we searched for the ticket machine.

2. (drink) one litre of water, she really needed to go to the toilet.
3. (leave) the party too early, we couldn’t see the fireworks anymore.
4. (finish) her phone call, she went back to work.
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5. (lose) ten kilogrammes, Anne finally fit into her favourite dress again.

Turn the underlined part of the sentence into a participle clause.

1. We are lying in the sun and we are enjoying life.

→ , we are enjoying life.
2. The boy had brushed his teeth. He was allowed to watch a few more minutes of television.
→ , the boy was allowed to watch a few more minutes of television.

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3. The children sat on their beds and watched the thunderstorm.
→ the children watched the thunderstorm_.
4. They were surprised by a sudden storm and had to seek shelter under a tree.
→ , they had to seek shelter under a tree.
5. When they had found the secret island, they started searching for the treasure.
→ , they started searching for the treasure.
Rewrite the sentences beginning with an appropriate participle (present, past or perfect).
1. When she saw the dog coming towards her, she quickly crossed the road.
(Upon)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. If it is looked after carefully, the plant can live through the winter.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. As I don't have a credit card, I found it difficult to book an airline ticket over the phone.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Keith spent a lot of time filling in job application forms because he was unemployed.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Because I was walking quickly, I soon caught up with her.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. The house was built of wood, so it was clearly a fire risk.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. I was eager to catch the bus in good time because I had been told off the day before for arriving
late.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. She didn't know where the theater was, so she asked for directions at the hotel reception.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. As she was a nurse, she knew what to do after the accident.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
10.He had spent his childhood in Oslo so he knew the city well.
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……………………………………………………………………………………………………
11.The fruit was expensive because it was imported.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
12.We have spent nearly all our money so we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
13.As we didn't want to offend him, we said nothing about his paintings.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
14.Although James is known mainly as a writer of novel, he has now written a successful biography.
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……………………………………………………………………………………………………
15.Although it had been hunted close to extinction, the rhino is once again common in this area.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

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