EUROPEANS

SOCIAL-STUDIES

FORM 1S

OUR CULTURAL HERITAGE

Why did the Europeans come to Trinidad?

BY: NEELESH BADREE

ALEX BISSOONSINGH

RAVESH SINGH

RISHAWN JHAGROO

KESHAV KISSOON

ANISH RAMPERSAD

ALEXANDER HARRILAL
 PURPOSE AND CONTRIBUTION

Why did the Europeans come to Trinidad?

Why the Spanish came?

True colonization of Trinidad did not begin until the end of the 18th century, when the
Spanish King, acting on the advice of a French planter named Rourne de St. Laurent issued
the historic Cedula of Population, designed to attract immigrants to the island. The terms of
the Cedula proclaimed in 1783, offered free grants of land of citizens of any land friendly to
Spain, if they were Roman Catholic. This meant most of the new settlers were French, since
England, Spain’s other ally at the time, was mostly protestant.

Why the French came?

In 1783, to increase the population, and by extension the prosperity of the island, the
Spanish government, which ruled Trinidad, decided to invite French planters to settle in
Trinidad and would get free land as long as they brought African slaves.
Why the British came?
The British conquered the island of Trinidad in 1797. Once the British took over, they had to
decide what to do with the freed Africans and British settlers. They put a stop to the
importation of slaves. The British conquered Tobago in 1626 and established settlers.

Why the Dutch came?

The islands were a rich source of tradeable goods and commodities for the Europeans to earn
profit, corn, sugar, cotton, tobacco, indigo, salt, coffee, oil, as well as slaves. The islands
were desirable assets for European colonial ambitions and as a result, were regularly fought
over and disputed. As a result, he first Dutch settlers try to claim it and came in 1629 but
diseases and Amerindians wiped them out but more came. The second Dutch settlers came in
1642 and settled in Courland Bay. Tobacco and Indigo were planted. They were eliminated
by the Amerindians. The third attempt was made in 1654. The Dutch again tried to settle
there in 1681.
The Europeans contributed their:

Food
Language
Religion and Culture
Dress
Place Names of Streets, Towns etc

FOOD
European cuisine unfolds like a grand tapestry, woven from the diverse threads of its regions'
histories and landscapes. Each area offers a unique stitch that adds depth and color to this
rich culinary mosaic.

In Western Europe, France is akin to an old chateau where every meal is a feast—think
sumptuous stews such as Boeuf Bourguignon and airy croissants that seem crafted by
morning breezes themselves. Across the channel, Britain presents robust fish and chips—a
sailor's delight on foggy shores—while Belgium serves up crispy fries alongside fluffy
waffles like pillows waiting for sweet dreams in syrup.

Boeuf Bourguignon croissants

Venturing southward into Europe’s sun-kissed lands brings you Italy, where pizza and pasta
reign supreme; each dish feels like an artist's canvas painted with vibrant sauces. Spain
dances to the rhythm of tapas bars buzzing with laughter over small plates packed with
zestful flavors; paella there sings saffron-infused songs under Iberian skies. Greece offers
gifts wrapped in tradition: succulent souvlaki skewers whisper tales of ancient feasts while
moussaka layers tell stories layered deep within baked eggplant.

pizza and pasta

Central Europe introduces hearty fare fit for castle banquets: Germany boasts robust
sausages paired perfectly with schnitzel echoing forest huntsmen’s triumphs against wild
boar goulash simmers slowly as if it has all time in the world Hungary infuses dishes such
as chicken paprikash warmly embracing diners through smoky whispers paprika

schnitzel
Eastern European delights include Russia’s pelmeni dumplings hiding secrets inside their
tender folds shashlik skewered meats sizzling tales fireside Poland pierogi filled dumplings
creamy zurek soup soothing souls chilly evenings Despite these regional specialties common
elements weave throughout European gastronomy Fresh seasonal ingredients are cherished
artisans crafting meals fragrant herbs creamy cheeses Bread culture permeates continent
crusty baguettes France hearty rye bread Germany savored side dishes sandwich
foundations Techniques traditional simmering roasting baking coax full flavor potential
ingredients creating symphony tastes textures experienced across bustling Spanish tapas bars
elegant Parisian cafes alike Thus
next time embark journey whether plate or plane embrace myriad flavors awaiting discovery
within enchanting realm European cuisine

pelmeni dumplings
TRADE
The trade market was heavily influenced by the Europeans as the French had established
major enslavement of Africans. Due to the plantations established, production of cotton and
sugar (as well as spices) began, and trade increased markedly as they were considered
expensive and luxurious so was worth a lot of money and Merchants were after it.

TOOLS
The influence of tools was implied heavily by the Dutch, Spanish, French and British. Most
of the tools were agricultural tools, like machetes and axes, but the Dutch also influenced
some tools to assist with trade and shipbuilding. Later on, the British introduced more
advanced tools like metalworking tools and industrial tools.

machetes and axes

ARTS AND CRAFTS

Arts and crafts across Trinidad were heavily supported by the French and Spanish, as both
had developed architecture with intricate designs in Trinidad and Tobago, even now, some
buildings would have this architecture. The British, however, were very influential on the
painting perspective, as they influenced some artistic styles, not as much as the French or
Spanish though. This would also include metal embossing and fences.

Spanish architecture.

All Saints Anglican Church

CLOTHING

European Fabrics & Techniques: European nations embrace uniqueness through their
symbols, representing national identity. From Italian silks to British tweeds, Europe is a
place of diverse culture and a continent that has traditionally been rich in textiles. Thus,
items of high quality are followed, which means a truly beautiful and honest-to-goodness
capital with a long lifespan. Old-fashionable hand stamping adds more glamor to these
garments.

British tweeds Italian silks

National Dress with a Modern Twist: The Europeans have got their own different and
individual ways of clothing, that fashion bears torch to the modern fashion as well. Imagine
if these outfits are refreshed into stylized versions of the dirndls, kilts, and kimonos worn in
the Netherlands.

kilts
European Staples: For men and women alike, the jacket will do as the symbol of the
polish and of course be one of the elements of the tailored suit. The second thing that should
be learnt from Europe is casual chic style, jeans fit perfectly, crisp shirts, and flowy dresses.

Comfort & Investment: Europeans give a prime meaning to comfort and functionality in
their clothes and therefore prefer the best lightweight and airy materials. They were informed
investors, which was reflected in their choice of fewer and well-made things to build their
trend-transcending sustainable wardrobe.

Accessorize & Complete the Look: Among accessories, the ones that are most likely to
identify you as a creative person might be scarves and jewelry pieces. Sneakers or boots will
give you both a fashionable feel and protection.

European Style for You: European oshots cannot be simply one-piece en bloc. It’s not
about following the trends or fashions but finding beauty in the unique pieces that flatter you
and reflect your own taste.

Colours in works: Colours have different meanings in what you wear like certain
occasions.
Example:
-Purple was considered royal and luxurious as it was hard to obtain and expensive
-Black and White was worn for funerals a is considered to not be a happy time
- Red and Pink was usually worn by women as a symbol of romance and love
- Blue was worn to show authority and was also seen a professional for boys.
LANGUAGE
Languages such as English, French, Spanish and Dutch are mainly
spoken all around the Caribbean with a lesser amount if people speaking Portuguese.
The word to say hello in these languages are:

Hello (English)

Hola/Oiga/Diga/Bueno/Vale/Aló (Spanish)

Bonjour/Bonsoir/Salut/Tiens/Allô (French)

Hallo/Dag/Doei (Dutch)

Olá/Oi/Alô (Portuguese)

RELIGON
Most of the Europeans were of Christianity like:
-Catholic
-Presbyterian
-Orthodox
- Others like 7 Days Adventists and Jehovah’s Witness
MUSIC
Europeans brought to the Caribbean (1960's or earlier) music genres such as:
Classical, Polka-Mazurka, Klezmer, Yodeling, Music Hall

Some musicians of these styles are:

Ludwig van Beethoven, Masada, Harry Champion, Franzl Lang, Johann Strauss II.

Ludwig van Beethoven Johann Strauss II

Some instruments used to make these songs and others are: Alboka, Dulzaina, Zetland
Pipes, Fiddle, Irish Whistle (Made by an Anglo-Saxon although the name states
otherwise), Tambori, Nunun, etc.

Alboka Tambori
DANCE
Some dancing forms from Europe include:
Cancan / Ballet (France)

Fandango (Portugal)

Flamenco / Sevillanas (Spain)

Morris Dance / Highland Dance (United Kingdom)

Clog Dancing / Driekusman / Veleta / Hokesbarger / Kruispolka / Spaanse

Wals (Netherlands)

Polka (Bohemia- Czech Republic and Poland)

TRAITS AND TRADITIONS
Netherlands:
Cycling Culture: The Netherlands is famous for its cycling culture, with a network of bike
lanes and a high percentage of the population using bicycles as a primary mode of
transportation.

Tulip Festival: The country is renowned for its tulip fields, and the annual Keukenhof Tulip
Festival attracts visitors from around the world to admire the colorful blooms.

Sinterklaas: This traditional Dutch holiday celebrates the arrival of Sinterklaas (Saint
Nicholas) on December 5th, with gift-giving and festive parades.

France:
Cuisine: France is celebrated for its gastronomy, including dishes like coq au vin, boeuf
bourguignon, and croissants. French cuisine emphasizes fresh, high-quality ingredients and
culinary artistry.

Wine Culture: France is one of the world's foremost wine-producing countries, with regions
like Bordeaux, Burgundy, and Champagne known for their vineyards and wine-making
traditions.

Art and Fashion: France has a rich artistic heritage, with influential movements like
Impressionism originating here. Paris is also a global hub for fashion, with renowned
designers and haute couture houses.

Spain:
Siesta: The tradition of the siesta, a midday nap or rest, is still observed in many parts of
Spain, particularly in warmer regions where the heat makes outdoor activities challenging
during the afternoon.

Tapas Culture: Spanish cuisine is known for its tapas, small savory dishes often served with
drinks. Tapas culture encourages socializing and sharing food with friends and family.

Flamenco: This traditional Spanish art form, characterized by passionate dance, soulful
music, and expressive singing, is deeply ingrained in Spanish culture and heritage.
Portugal:
Fado Music: Portugal is famous for fado, a melancholic genre of music characterized by
soulful vocals and expressive guitar playing. Fado is often performed in intimate settings like
bars and restaurants.

Port Wine: Portugal's Douro Valley is renowned for its production of port wine, a fortified
wine enjoyed worldwide. Port wine plays a significant role in Portuguese culinary and
cultural traditions.

Festas and Festivals: Portugal hosts numerous festivals throughout the year, celebrating
everything from religious holidays to cultural traditions and local harvests.

United Kingdom:
Tea Culture: The UK has a strong tradition of tea consumption, with afternoon tea being a
quintessential British custom. It typically includes tea served with scones, sandwiches, and
pastries.

Royal Traditions: The UK has a rich royal heritage, with ceremonies and traditions
surrounding the monarchy, such as the Changing of the Guard at Buckingham Palace and
royal weddings.

Pub Culture: Pubs are an integral part of British social life, serving as gathering places for
locals to socialize, relax, and enjoy a pint of beer or traditional pub grub.

These are just a few examples of the diverse traditions and traits

found within these European countries, each contributing to the

rich tapestry of European culture.

Conserving Trinidad and Tobago’s cultural heritage is a multifaceted endeavour that
encompasses various strategies.

These include:

• documenting oral histories

• educating through cultural programs
• preserving historical sites
• promoting traditional arts
• celebrating festivals
• revitalizing intangible heritage
• fostering inter-generational dialogue
• implementing supportive policies and legislation.

By embracing these approaches, Trinidad and Tobago can preserve its rich cultural identity
and contribute to the global tapestry of diversity and heritage.