AL SHABAKA TECHNICAL INSTITUTIONAL

ACADEMY

LEVEL-III DIPLOMA IN ENGINEERING UNIT

TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION

REPORT TITLE

Concerning about a design modification of industrial

Plants

Submitted to:

Mr. MOHAMMAD SAMEER BAIG

Presented by:

Shama Nishat Mrittica

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 Declaration
I certify that except where due acknowledgement has been made; the work is that of the author
alone. The work has not been submitted previously, in whole or in part, to qualify for any other
educational decency. The content of the project/ assignment is the result of work which has
been carried out since the official commencement date of the approved DIPLOMA IN
ENGINEERING at Al Shabaka Technical Institutional Academy, Dubai. Any editorial work,
paid or unpaid, carried out by a third party is acknowledged. And, ethics procedures and
guidelines have been followed.

By signing this declaration, I confirm that all the statements above are correct.

Date:

[Candidate’s Signature] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

[Candidate’s Name] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Name
Signature
Assessor Internal verifier Lead internal verifier

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 Table of contents

Chapter number Title Page number

1 Acknowledgment
2 Abstract
3 Introduction and purpose of
modification
4 Piping and instrumentation
diagrams
5 Materials
6 Advantages
7 Disadvantages
8 Conclusion and
recommendation
9 References and bibliography
10 Appendix
11 Glossary

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1)Acknowledgment
I am grateful to Mr. Mohammad Sameer Baig, Professor of Mechanical Engineering
Department, for all the help and guidance given for this study. I offer my sincere appreciation
for the learning opportunities provided by my Professor. I would also like to thank Mr.
Arumugam Ganesan, Head of Engineering Department for many valuable ideas and
suggestions He gave for completing this project.

I cannot express enough thanks to my friends for their continued support and encouragement:
And I am grateful to my parents without whose cooperation and support this report would not
have been possible.

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2)Abstract
The major aim of this report is to recommend a thought process and provide a general reference
for ARIF-Middle East process industrial plant.ltd.co Abu Dhabi, U.A.E. Fuel supply efficiency
has a significant impact on flight financial and operating feasibility. One of the important
functions that Al Arif Oil and Gas company performed was developing strategic plans to future
world oil and gas demand and making sure our oil and gas facilities stay ready to meet the
projected world consumption. It's very important to understand that strategic planning is an
upcoming process.

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3)Introduction
AL ARIF-middle east process industrial plant, is one of the leading oil and gas industry
worldwide, having global clients for the products processed in this plant, as you can see in the
below P&ID diagram which depicts one of the several fractionation towers (distillation towers)
used in AL ARIF-middle east process industrial plant for example, ‘T-100 fractionating tower
assembly’ for separation of the lighter from the heavier fluid components from crude oil.
Generally Crude oil is first sent to the crude tower for fractionation. Hence in the year 2019
AL ARIF plant decided to add the ‘Reboiler or reheater’ at the supply side of the T-
100Fractionating tower, however it is implemented a year later after having lot of Professional
group discussions in the plant with higher officials. In the month of August-2020 ‘reboiler
system’ is attached with a T-100 tower which is represented in the “Reboiler Design
Modification P & ID of E-100” Technical report.

3.1) Purpose of Modification

The modified Reboiler Design Modification P & ID of E-100” storage tank has a modified
flanged type gate valve which is used to completely shut off fluid flow or, in the fully open
position, provide full flow in a pipeline. Therefore, it is used either in the fully closed or fully
open positions. It also has a modified blind flange of size 6 inches and is located on the tank
which is used to atomize fuel by converting it in to fine droplets, to convert pressure energy in
to kinetic energy and to inject the fuel at right quantity at right time with respect to load &
speed of the engine. Future developments can be done by introducing additional pumps
assembly system to various fluids, valves, additional safety indicators, controllers and also a
hard-coating insulation to withstand high temperature, condenser to cool and condense the
vapors and reflux drum to recycle the unused fluid.

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4) Piping and instrumentation diagrams

4.1) electrical signal line

It is connected between pressure transmitter and to other controller and transmitter instruments.
Electrical signals can be either current or voltage signals/current signals. It coveys information
about a phenomenon.

4.2) internal system connection

It is connected between tank gauging system to other distributed control systems. Software or
data link which includes "virtual" communication such as what occurs inside a computer
program or PLC ladder logic. The software can include anything that happens inside a
computer.

4.3) major process connection line

It is connected from unit rundown (ATF) to another ATF tank. the main process refers to a
pipe carrying a chemical.

4.4) minor process connection line

It is connected across other valves and tank. Minor process lines which are not usually used in
normal operation and minor.

4.5) pneumatic signal line

It is connected between three-way valve to flanged butterfly valve with pneumatic actuator.
The signals in which it helps to control valves/devices.

4.6) process connection line

It is connected across other valves and tank.

4.7) capillary signal line

it is connected to a pressure transmitter.

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4.8) flanged type gate valve
It is connected across other valves and it is NC-normally closed and has a size of 4 inches. It
is most common type, fully open or fully closed with minor pressure loss when fully open and
it is used in all types of services and provide a good shutoff.

4.9) flanged type butterfly valve

It is connected to three-way valve and has a line break and it is a MOV-motor operated valve
which controls FL- flow status. It is a quarter-turn rotatory motion valve used to stop, regulate
and start flow. It is lightweight and easy to install and maintain.

4.10) flanged type ball valve

It is connected between flanged type gate valve and reducer and has a line break. It is a rotatory
motion quarter turn valve, uses a ball-shaped disk to stop or start flow and quick-acting type.
It is smaller and lighter than gate valve of same size and rating.

4.11) flanged type globe valve

It is connected between dike wall and spectacle blind open and It is also connected with
pneumatic actuator shutdown safety valve which helps to FC- flow close. It is used to stop,
start and regulate the fluid flow, helps in flow control and leak tightness but it costs more than
gate valve.

4.12) flanged type 3-way valve

It is connected between controllers, transmitters and flanged type pneumatically actuated globe
valve with XZY- shutdown safety solenoid. The purpose of a 3-way control valve is to shut off
water flow in one pipe while opening fluid flow in another pipe.

4.13) flanged type breather valve

It is located between two nozzles which is connected to tank and it helps is PVV- pressure
dumper valve. It is also known as Pressure Relief Valves, prevent excessive pressure or vacuum
buildup in sealed containers, which reduces container weight and cost.

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4.14) flanged type drain valve
It is connected between flanged type gate valves and has a size of 1 inch. It performs the critical
function of allowing excess water vapor to escape into the atmosphere. The removal of
condensation helps prevent the formation of corrosion that will eventually damage the
compressor and shorten its lifespan.

4.15) flanged type relief valve

It and is connected across the pipe connections and has a line break. It is a type of safety valve
used to control or limit the pressure in a system; pressure might otherwise build up and create
a process upset, instrument or equipment failure, or fire.

4.16) pipe line breaks

It and is connected across the, flanged type gate valves with line break, pipe connections and
flanged type relief valves. Pipe line break Detection is a dedicated system to efficiently detect
pipeline ruptures instantly, raise an alarm and initiate emergency pipeline shutdown procedure.

4.17) nozzle
It is connected to the tank. It has a size of 8 inches and is connected to the tank and this cloudy
symbol refers to recently added or modified type. It can be used to direct or modify the flow of
a fluid (liquid or gas). Nozzles are frequently used to control the rate of flow, speed, direction,
mass, shape, and/or the pressure of the stream that emerges from them.

4.18) spectacle blind open

It is connected to a modified or recently added gate valve. is a safety device used to isolate a
section of line or piece of equipment when the line or equipment needs to be inspected or
removed from service. It is different than a valve in that the blind is a permanent or long-term
isolation device.

4.19) level safety transmitter

It doesn’t have a divider type so it is in field, Symbol Type; Circle shape and it is a transmitter,
Tag number; 101. level transmitters are also used for detecting interfaces between two different
liquids such as oil and water. Liquid level transmitters are mainly used for liquid-level sensing
in storage tanks, transport tanks, as well as water storage tanks.

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4.20) level alarm high divider
It is in control room and it is accessible to the operator, Symbol Type, Square with circle shape
and it is not a part of the SIS and it is distributed control system, Additional Information; H-
high and L-low, Tag number; 103A. A high-level alarm is acceptable as an overfill prevention
device in an underground storage tank according to federal rules, but it is used primarily in
aboveground tanks. Fire codes require that alarm systems used in aboveground tanks be
independent of gauging equipment used in the tanks.

5) Materials required for modification

5.1) carbon steel

Carbon steel increases durability of the tank and pipe. It supports the storage of the fuel at high
temperature and pressure without any leakage in the tank. High carbon is used for making the
10-T-101 aviation turbine fuel storage tank and has properties of which include a very high
strength, extreme hardness and resistance to wear, and moderate durability.

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5.2) mild carbon steel

Typically contain 0.04% to 0.30% carbon content. This is one of the largest groups of carbon
steel. It covers a great diversity of shapes; From Flat Sheet to Structural beam. Depending on
the desired properties needed, other elements are added or increased.

5.3) medium carbon steel

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Typically has a carbon range of 0.31% to 0.60%, and a manganese content ranging from 0.60%
to 1.65%. This product is stronger than low carbon steel, and it is more difficult to form, weld
and cut. Medium carbon steels are quite often hardened and tempered using heat treatment.

5.4) high carbon steel

Commonly known as “Carbon Tool Steel” it typically has a carbon range between 0.61% to
1.50%. High carbon steel is very difficult to cut, bend and weld. Once heat treated with it
becomes extremely hard and brittle.

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5.5) properties of carbon steel
• Can handle high temperatures.
• Can galvanize for avoiding rusting.
• Extremely resistant to wire.
• Can also handle higher range of pressures.

6) advantages of carbon steel

1) extremely strong.

2) shock resistant.

3) less likely to occur than with other types of steel.

4) particularly effective in applications.

7) disadvantages of carbon steel

1) difficult to work with.

2) can’t be easily bent and molded into different shapes.

3) it is also more susceptible to rust and corrosion than other types to steel.

4) Chromium acts as a barrier of protection over the steel itself, thereby protecting it from
moisture that could otherwise cause rusting.

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8) conclusion
It has successfully manufactured and supplies the oil and gas across UAE and globally. It has
been able to supply the fuel with excellent quality and durability increases with coating high
tensile material like carbon steel. The purpose of the modification is to enhance the
productivity, efficiency and factor of safety of the t-100 fractionating tower with successfully
installing modified gate valve and modified nozzle located on the tank which can remove those
sour gases and vapors through the modified nozzles and have flow control with the help of
modified gate valves. The pumps are made of carbon steel. It does not have any insulation
thickness internally and externally; additional tanks can be implemented in order to reduce the
PSI and helps to boost up the productivity of the company.

8.1) recommendation
The firms aim is to introduce more valves, pipelines, sensors & controllers, nozzles and also
modified gate valve and modified nozzle in order to enhance the productivity of the plan. This
is one of the most extensive networks in the world supplying oil, gas products and sustainable
solutions in over 60 countries. Also, I recommend hiring some excellent engineers to the firm
and future engineers can work in the project and modify the plan easily without any difficulty
in the organization.

In conclusion the future developments can be done by introducing more check valves, level
valves, hard-coated insulations, sensors and transmitters, pipelines and we can hire some more
professional engineers to increase the efficiency of the firm. With help of extra valves, pumps,
controllers and sensors, ACT- Additional Center Tanks can be implemented, more fuel barrels
and tanks in order to boost the productivity of the company, and also reduce the internal
pressure PSI which can be divided in different tanks in which takes the help of piping
engineering consultants for a better functioning of plants.

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9) references
1. Antaki, George A. 2003. Piping and pipeline engineering: design, construction,
maintenance, integrity, and repair. CRC

Press.https://www.scientific.net/AMR.383-390.4286

2. Fardell, P. J., and B. W. Houghton. 1975: "The evaluation of an improved method of

gas-freeing an aviation fuel storage tank." Journal of Hazardous Materials
1.3(237251).https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/030 4389475800161

3. Baker, Ovid. 1953 "Design of pipelines for the simultaneous flow of oil and gas." In
Fall meeting of the petroleum branch of AIME. Society of Petroleum

Engineers. https://onepetro.org/SPEATCE/proceedings/53FM/All-53FM/SPE323-
G/155222

4. Mr. Mohammad Sameer Baig, 2021. “Technical communication notebook”; P&ID

symbols and format of report writing.

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9.1) bibliography
1. Park, K.T., Kim, Y.S., Lee, J.G. and Shin, D.H., 2000. Thermal stability and mechanical
properties of ultrafine grained low carbon steel. Materials Science and Engineering: A,
293(12), pp.165-172.

2. Yildirim, U., and S. Abanteriba. (2012): "Manufacture, qualification and approval of

new aviation turbine fuels and additives." Procedia engineering 49; 310-315.

3. Fardell, P.J. and Houghton, B.W., 1975. The evaluation of an improved method of gas
freeing an aviation fuel storage tank. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 1(3), pp.237-251.

4. Tan, W.C., Chen, I.M., Pan, S.J. and Tan, H.K., 2016, August. Automated design
evaluation on layout of piping and instrumentation diagram using histogram of connectivity.

In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE).

5. Antaki, G.A., 2003. Piping and pipeline engineering: design, construction,

maintenance, integrity, and repair. CRC Press.

6. For additional references of the report - SEM-2 ASSIGNMENTS\Activity

P&ID02.docx.

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Appendix-A
First letters Succeeding letters
MEASU VARIABL READOUT OUTPUT FUNCTION
RE E /PASSIVE /ACTIVE MODIFIER
D/ MODIFIER FUNCTION FUNCTION
INITIAT
IN G
VARIAB
LE
A ANALYSIS ALARM USERS USERS
CHOICE CHOICE
B BURNER, USERS CONTROL CLOSE
COMBUSTIO CHOICE
N
C CONDUCTIV DEVIATIO
ITY N
D DENSITY DIFFEREN USERS
CE, CHOICE
DIFFEREN
TIA
E VOLTAGE SENOSOR,
PRIMARY
ELEMENT
F FLOW, RATIO
FLOW RATE
G USER'S GLASS,
CHOICE GAUGE,
VIEWING
DEVICE
H HAND HIGH
I CURRENT INDICATE
J POWER SCAN

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K TIME, TIME CONTROL
SCHEDULE RATE OF STATION
CHANGE
L LEVEL LIGHT STATUS LOW
M MOISTURE, OVERRID MIDDLE,
MANUAL, E INTERMED
MULTI, IAT
MOTOR
N USERS USERS USERS USERS
CHOISE CHOICE CHOICE CHOICE
O USERS ORIFICE OPEN
CHOISE
P PRESSURE, POINT (TEST
VACUUM CONNECTIO
N)
Q QUANTITY INTEGRAT INTEGRATE
ED D TOTALIZE
TOTALIZE
R RADIATION, RECORD RUN
RESTRICTIO
N
S SPEED, SAFTY SWITCH STOP
T FREQUENCY TRANSMIT
U TEMPERATU MULTIFUNC MULTIFUNC
RE TIO TIO
N
V VIBRATION, VALVE,
MECHANICA DAMPER,
L ANALYSIS LOUVER
W WIGHT,
FORCE
X UNCKASSIFI x AXIS UNCLASSIFI UNCLASSI
ED, ED FIE D

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 MISCELLAN
EOU
Y event YAXIS ACCESSOR RELAY,
Y COMPUTIN
DEVICES, G DEVICE
UNCLASSIFI
ED

19
Glossary
A

Assemble: The fitting together the separate component parts of a

machine or other object.

Analysis: Detailed examination of something.

Burner: A P&ID tag

Crude oil: Unrefined Petroleum

Conductivity: It is the measure of the ease at which an electric

charge or heat can pass through a material

Carbon Steel: It is a special type of steel that, as the name suggests,

has a higher concentration of carbon than other types of steel.

Distillation: Process of separating compound-based mixtures

Density: It is a measure of mass per volume. The average density

of an object equals its total mass divided by its total volume.

Element: An essential or characteristic part of something

Efficiency: Ratio of useful work by total energy

F
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Fuel tank: It is a safe container for flammable fluids.

Flammable: A material that can easily be set on fire.

Fluid: It is a substance that has no fixed shape and yields easily to

external pressure; a gas or a liquid.

Fractionate: Separating/dividing into fractions

Galvanized: Coating a metal with a protective layer of Zinc

Hard Coat: Permanent Insulation water and oil resistant

Insulation: Blocking the flow of heat

Integrate: To blend into a functioning and unified whole

Intermediate: coming midway of two things in time

Motor: A source of power/energy or a motive force

Modifying: Making changes or improvements

Organization: A group of people with particular purpose

Orifice: An opening

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