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T H E WORKS OF JOHN DRYDEN

General Editor
ALAN ROPER

Textual Editor
V I N T O N A . DEARING
VOLUME FIVE
EDITOR

William Frost

TEXTUAL EDITOR

Vinton A. Dearing
FRONTISPIECE OF The Works of Virgil in English (1697)
(MACDONALD 33A)
 VOLUME V

The Works
of John Dry den

Poems
T H E W O R K S OF V I R G I L IN ENGLISH
1697

University of California Press

Berkeley Los Angeles London
1987
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS
Berkeley and Los Angeles, California

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS, LTD.

London, England

The copy texts of this edition have been drawn in

the main from the Dryden Collection of the
William Andrews Clark Memorial Library

22 21 2 0 19 l 8

8 7 6 5 4 3 2

Copyright 1987 by The Regents of the University of California

Printed in the United States of America
ISBN: 0-520—02121-5
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 55-7/^9
Designed by Ward Ritchie
 In Gratitude
for Their Encouragement of the Editors
and for Their Support of the Edition
Volumes V and VI
of the California Dryden
Are Respectfully Dedicated to
Charles E. Young, Chancellor,
and to
William D. Schaefer, Vice-Chancellor,
UCLA
Preface

The folio first edition of Dryden's Virgil, lavishly illustrated and

sold by subscription as well as offered for regular sale, remains a
fascinating piece of bookmaking, in part because some surviving
manuscripts concerning contractual arrangements between Dry-
den and his publisher, Jacob Tonson, together with some of
Dryden's letters, chiefly to Tonson, document the progress of
Dryden's labor and the book's eventual production to a degree
unusual for the period. The book was sold unbound, and con-
stituted a sort of kit complete with assembly instructions, a set of
Directions to the Binders how to place the Several Parts of this
Book. These directions, bewildering in their seeming illogic, are
placed, prophetically, at the bottom of a page otherwise devoted
to errata, which were testily drawn up by Dryden himself. Un-
surprisingly, not all copies are bound in accordance with the
directions, perhaps because some first owner or his binder yearned
for a better, or any, logic in the ordering of parts, or perhaps
because the directions were not encountered until the end of the
book's fourth part.
The illustrations caused further problems. All but two illus-
trated the text of the translation and were taken from plates used
for Ogilby's earlier translation of Virgil and retouched for Dry-
den's. Retouching included the addition of the name and arms of
each of the principal subscribers and the keying of each illustra-
tion to the appropriate line of text. But the appropriate line
could not always be fixed with assurance, in part because the
original illustrations in Ogilby's Virgil do not always and obvi-
ously illustrate the scenes supposedly illustrated. The original
illustrations are keyed to Virgil's Latin rather than Ogilby's Eng-
lish, and sometimes the key shows the beginning and ending o f ,
say, a fifty-verse episode, with the accompanying illustration dis-
playing, in effect, a split scene and reminding us again of Les-
sing's distinction between the temporal medium of poetry and
the spatial medium of painting. As if to simplify, but in fact to
intensify the problem, someone decided that for Dryden's Virgil
the Latin keys would be replaced by keys to a single line of
Dryden's translation. Unsurprisingly, and much like the print-
er—he who generated the errata—the engraver, or perhaps Ton-
Vili Preface

son's supervisor, made mistakes: the same illustration will be

keyed to different parts of the text in different copies, in one
copy correctly and evidently cancelling the key in another. In
still other copies the binder erred, misplacing properly keyed
illustrations. One cut, which we have tipped in as an illustrated
half-title to Dryden's Aeneis, was so obviously anomalous, so dif-
ficult to place by owners of subscription copies and their bind-
ers, that it appears in widely different places or not at all.
Making the 1697 folio obviously posed problems for author,
printer, bookseller, engraver, binder, and first owner. Variations
between copies show that the problems were not always solved.
The folio, nonetheless, or partly because of these things, retains
its fascination as a book. The present edition accordingly at-
tempts to convey the folio's charm and eccentricity by placing all
material as in the folio, except for its frontispiece, which we have
relocated to serve as frontispiece to our Volume V. Strictly, of
course, the folio as such never existed: there were only individual
copies, each of them unique. But the idea of the folio is discern-
ible, if undeniably puzzling, and it is this idea which the present
edition attempts to follow. Doing so has involved modifying the
format adopted for other volumes of the California Dryden.
Thus, material contributed by others, like Chetwood's life of
Virgil or Addison's preface to the Georgics, is interspersed with
Dryden's contributions, as in the folio, instead of removed to
appendixes, which we have reserved, among other things, for
documents concerning Dryden's arrangements with Tonson. We
have included the original list of errata, incorporating as they
do Dryden's own comments, although we have renumbered page
and line numbers to accord with our text, in which we have also
made the changes called for by the errata.
The illustrations posed as many problems for us as they did
for the makers of the 169J folio. We have had to reline some
parts of the translation to correct the folio, thus invalidating the
line-keys on some illustrations. Then, too, other illustrations are
miskeyed in the folio by several lines. We have tried to place all
illustrations appropriately and show in our list of illustrations
what we take to be the first lines of scenes illustrated. As far as
possible, we follow the folio in making illustrations face the text
 Preface ix

they illustrate, but the engravings were tipped into the folio
with blank versos, a method too costly, producing volumes too
bulky, for us to follow. We have accordingly printed the illus-
trations on the recto or verso of a page of our text and as a result
have sometimes had to make them precede or follow instead of
face the text illustrated. Including all the illustrations in afford-
able books has also meant that these volumes have been printed
from reproduction proof by offset lithography, although the text
was first composed in Linotype Baskerville on hot-metal, line-
casting equipment in order to preserve a uniformity of type-face
with other volumes in the edition.
Rather than make each volume a discrete unit with its own
text and apparatus, as is customary in this edition, we decided
the folio's quality was best preserved by treating our volumes as
a single unit with continuous pagination, starting the text in
Volume V, completing it in Volume VI, and assigning all of our
apparatus to the concluding pages of Volume VI. Had we fol-
lowed our customary format, we would necessarily have inter-
rupted a properly continuous text with part of our apparatus
and added the remaining apparatus after the text was completed.
To balance the volumes, we would also have been forced to di-
vide the text of Dry den's Aeneis between them, breaking it, prob-
ably, after Book II. The method we have adopted still necessi-
tates dividing the text of the Aeneis between the volumes, but
we are now able to divide it at the most natural break in the
A e n e i d j after Book VI. As a further compensation for dividing
the text in this way, we have been able to add one appropriate
illustration to the 103 found in the folio and have used as frontis-
piece for our Volume VI a facsimile of Dryden's draft advertise-
ment for second subscribers to his Virgil. By his contract with
Tonson, Dry den could not advertise for second subscriptions
until he had translated the Eclogues, Georgics, and first six books
of the Aeneid.
We already know from an informal canvas that not everyone
will endorse our departure from the format customary in this
edition, although many will. We hope, though, that those who
prefer uniformity will understand our reasons for wishing to
accommodate our edition to the folio and the folio to our edition.
X Preface

During the making of these books we doubted the rightness of

our decision as often as we encountered problems that would not
have been raised had we imposed our customary format upon the
material. Nor could we have persevered without the patient and
indulgent support of our publishers, the University of California
Press, and our printers, Heritage Printers of Charlotte, North
Carolina, who set the text, and Braun-Brumfield Inc. of Ann
Arbor, Michigan, who undertook the offset printing. All vol-
umes of the California Dryden represent cooperative ventures
by the editorial and bookmaking staffs; these volumes more than
most. We are deeply indebted to our publishers and printers for
enabling us to actualize such things as aging scholars dream.

The principal editorial responsibilities for these volumes have

been assumed by William Frost, who prepared the commentary,
and by Vinton A. Dearing, luho prepared the text. Alan Roper
helped coordinate the work of the other editors, contributed ma-
terial to the commentary, put the notes to lines into their final
form, enlarging some and adding others, and took principal re-
sponsibility for planning the volumes to accord with the 169J
folio. But volumes whose making has seemed to challenge the
folio's in complexity could not have been produced without the
industry, advice, and assistance of many others. The editors are
particularly indebted to the following:
To Mrs. Geneva Phillips, the Managing Editor, and Mrs.
Grace Stimson for their careful preparation of the manuscript
for the printer, and to the former for coordinating the work of
editors and research assistants and for overseeing the production
of these complicated volumes.
To Jeanette Gilkison and the following former or present
graduate students of the UCLA departments of English and
History for their assistance in gathering and verifying materials
used in the commentary, and for their help in preparing and
proofing the text: Jane Abelson, Candice Basham, Dianne Du-
gaw, Karen Flagstad, Robert Hunt, Ronald Lear, Janette Lewis,
Christine Aieteer, Sharon McMurray, Sharon Propas, Melanie
Richter-Bernburg, Judith Sherman, Stephen Waterworth, Jane
Wilmon, and especially to Walter Ellis, Lester Field, and Geral-
 Preface xi

dine Moyle, who devoted many hours to ensuring the accuracy

of the commentary.
To the staffs of the Bodleian, British, and Cambridge Univer-
sity libraries, the Royal Irish Academy, the Catholic Archives in
Edinburgh, the Henry E. Huntington and Folger Shakespeare
libraries, and, as always in this edition, the William Andrews
Clark Memorial Library, and especially to its Reference Librar-
ian, John Bidwell, who has become one of our most valued
consultants.
To Professors Arnold ]. Band, Andrew R. Dyck, R. A. Foakes,
Maximillian E. Novak, Florence H. Ridley, G. S. Rousseau, Paul
R. Sellin, Paul D. Sheats, John M. Wallace, Seth Weiner, and
James A. Winn, for answering the General Editor's questions
about notes to lines, and especially to Professor A. R. Braun-
muller, who patiently and meticulously answered so many of the
General Editor's questions about the commentary in these as in
other volumes.
To Professors Alva W. Bennett, Howard W. Clarke, Donald
Guss, and Robert F. Renehan for answering the Editor's ques-
tions about classical or Italian matters, and especially to Pro-
fessor Margaret Boddy, who gave the Editor valuable assistance
in locating pre-Drydenian translators of Virgil, supplied a photo-
copy of the Lauderdale manuscript in her possession and a micro-
film of the Hutchinson Denham manuscript, and contributed a
decade of unfailing help and counsel.
To the following graduate and undergraduate assistants at
UCSB for helping the Editor by preparing the materials on
which are based the notes concerning Dryden's predecessors:
Maura Brew, Elaine Marie Chase, Noelle Clearwater, Karen
Cunningham, Isabel DeSena, Janet Dittberner, Michael Foote,
Christina Frost, Phillip Glenn, James Houlihan, Howard Lux-
enberg, Mildred B. Linn, Jean MacDonald, David H. McCord,
Scott McCoy, Karin M. Myers, Charlene Neel, James Newman,
Laurence A. Nowlin, Stanley Oropesa, Carolyn Panofsky, Deb-
orah Randtke, Elizabeth Perez Rose, Laura Saffer, John M.
Starr, Richard Turner, Sylvia Tyndall, Susan Walker, and Dan
Wesolowski.
To the John Simon Guggenheim Foundation and the Na-
xii Preface

tional Endowment for the Humanities for fellowships granted

to the Editor, the American Philosophical Society for a grant-in-
aid to him, and the Clark Library Committee for appointing him
to direct a post-doctoral seminar in summer 1980. Versions of
the notes to several books of Dryden's Aeneis were read and crit-
icized by the participants in that seminar, namely, Martine
Watson Brownley, Gregory G. Colomb, James Alan Downie,
Paul Francis Hammond, Kenneth Edward Robinson, and Stella
Lee Walker.
To Chancellors Charles E. Young, Vernon I. Cheadle, and
Robert A. Huttenback and to the Research Committees of the
University of California, Los Angeles and Santa Barbara, for
sabbatical leave and annual grants-in-aid.
In the early stages of preparation, work on these volumes was
supported by a grant from the Editing Program of the National
Endowment for the Humanities and by a matching grant from
The UCLA Foundation. In later stages, more complex and costly,
work was supported by funds made available to the editors by
those to whom these volumes are sincerely dedicated.

V.A.D. W.F. A.R.

Contents of Volumes V and VI

Volume V
Dedication of the Pastorals to Lord Clifford 3

The Life of Pub. Virgilius Maro. By Knightly Chetwood 9

Preface to the Pastorals. By Knightly Chetwood 37

Commendatory Poems:
To Mr. Dryden, on his Excellent Translation of Virgil.
Anonymous 57
To Mr. Dryden on his Translation of Virgil.
By Henry Grahme 59
To Mr. Dryden. By H. St. John 61
To Mr. Dryden on his Virgil. By Ja. Wright 62
To Mr. Dryden on his Translation. By George Granville 63

Errata Sheet with Directions to the Binders 65

The Names of the Subscribers to the Cuts of Virgil 67

The Names of the Second Subscribers 69

Virgil's Pastorals:
The First Pastoral or, Tityrus and Meliboeus 73
The Second Pastoral or, Alexas 79
The Third Pastoral or, Palcemon 85
The Fourth Pastoral or, Pollio 95
The Fifth Pastoral or, Daphnis 99
The Sixth Pastoral or, Silenus 107
The Seventh Pastoral or, Melibceus 113
The Eighth Pastoral or, Pharmaceutria 119
The Ninth Pastoral or, Lycidas and Moeris 127
The Tenth Pastoral or, Gallus 133

Dedication of the Georgics to the Earl of Chesterfield 137

An Essay on the Georgics. By Joseph Addison 145

Virgil's Georgics:
The First Book of the Georgics 155
The Second Book of the Georgics 181
xiv Contents

The Third Book of the Georgics 209

The Fourth Book of the Georgics 239
Dedication of the /Eneis to the Lord Marquess of Normanby 267

Virgil's vEneis:
The First Book of the /Eneis 343
The Second Book of the /Eneis 379
The Third Book of the/Eneis 417
The Fourth Book of the /Eneis 451
The Fifth Book of the /.Eneis 487
The Sixth Book of the/Eneis 527

Volume VI
Virgil's jEneis:
The Seventh Book of the /Eneis 571
The Eighth Book of the ALneis 609
The Ninth Book of the /Eneis 641
The Tenth Book of the /Eneis 679
The Eleventh Book of the/Eneis 721
The Twelfth Book of the /Eneis 765

Postscript to the Reader 807

Notes and Observations on Virgil's Works in English 811

Commentary 837

Textual Notes 1129

Appendixes:
A. Documents Relating to the Production of Dryden's Virgil
I The Contract between Dry den and Tonson u79
II Dryden's Draft Advertisement for Second Subscribers 1183
III Dryden's Receipts for Second Subscriptions 1184
IV Tonson's Final Accounting with Dryden 1185
B. Lady Mary Chudleigh's Commendatory Poem on
Dryden's Virgil 1188
C. Chart of Predecessor Translators ngi
D. Robert Heath's Manuscript Aeneis 1193

Index to the Commentary ng5

Illustrations for Volume V

FRONTISPIECE, The Works of Virgil in English Frontispiece

T I T L E PAGE OF The Works of Virgil in English 2
Engravings for the Pastorals:
Illustrating Pastoral I 72
Illustrating Pastoral II 78
Illustrating Pastoral III 84
Illustrating Pastoral IV 94
Illustrating Pastoral V 98
Illustrating Pastoral VI 106
Illustrating Pastoral VII 112
Illustrating Pastoral VIII 118
Illustrating Pastoral IX 126
Illustrating Pastoral X 132
Engravings for the Georgics:
Illustrating Georgics, I, 1 154
Illustrating Georgics, I, 240 162
Illustrating Georgics, I, 390 167
Illustrating Georgics, I, 475 170
Illustrating Georgics, I, 626 176
Illustrating Georgics, II, 1 180
Illustrating Georgics, II, 145 185
Illustrating Georgics, II, 310 191
Illustrating Georgics, II, 550 198
Illustrating Georgics, II, j6o 205
Illustrating Georgics, III, 1 208
Illustrating Georgics, III, 340 219
Illustrating Georgics, III, 465 223
Illustrating Georgics, HI, 570 227
Illustrating Georgics, III, 72/ 232
Illustrating Georgics, IV, 1 238
Illustrating Georgics, IV, 85 242
Illustrating Georgics, IV, 555 255
Illustrating Georgics, IV, 633 259
Illustrating Georgics, IV, 799 265
ILLUSTRATED HALF-TITLE TO yEneis Facing page 267
Engravings for the JEneis:
Illustrating ¿Eneis I, 1 342
xvi Illustrations

Illustrating /Eneis I, 295 352

Illustrating /Eneis I, 314 354
Illustrating /Eneis I, 435 358
Illustrating /Eneis I, 870 370
Illustrating /Eneis I, 996 374
Illustrating /Eneis II, 1 378
Illustrating /Eneis II, 290 388
Illustrating /Eneis II, 396
Illustrating /Eneis II, 753 402
Illustrating /Eneis II, 915 408
Illustrating /Eneis II, 983 410
Illustrating /Eneis III, 1 416
Illustrating /Eneis III, 112 420
Illustrating /Eneis III, 321 428
Illustrating /Eneis III, 415 432
Illustrating /Eneis III, 625 438
Illustrating /Eneis III, 865 446
Illustrating /Eneis IV, 1 450
Illustrating /Eneis IV, 81 454
Illustrating /Eneis IV, 231 458
Illustrating /Eneis IV, 380 464
Illustrating /Eneis IV, 733 474
Illustrating /Eneis IV, 988 482
Illustrating /Eneis V, 1 486
Illustrating /Eneis V, 151 492
Illustrating /Eneis V, 42J 500
Illustrating /Eneis V, 592 506
Illustrating /Eneis V, 646 508
Illustrating /Eneis V, 722 512
Illustrating /Eneis V, 1075 522
Illustrating /Eneis VI, 1 526
Illustrating /Eneis VI, 280 536
Illustrating /Eneis VI, 3/7 538
Illustrating /Eneis VI, 389 540
Illustrating /Eneis VI, 549 546
Illustrating /Eneis VI, 616 548
Illustrating /Eneis VI, 673 552
Illustrating /Eneis VI, 1073 562
T H E W O R K S OF V I R G I L IN ENGLISH
 T H E

WORKS
O F

VIRGIL
Containing His

S T O R A I S -
|J> M. V - / l . \ l i JL-v vJ>?

G E O R G I C S ,

A N D

/ £ N F. I S .

Tranilated into Engliih Vcrfe ; By

Mr, DRV DEN.

Adorn'd wkh a Himtired Scolpcurts,

StftòitrfMt Pgtrmm paffilss V irg. ,-En. 2.

LONDON,

Printed for fad Tmfm, a t the Jidgcs-tìced in tkeißnet,

near the Imer-Tempk-Gatt, M D C X C V Ï I .

T I T L E P A G E OF THE FIRST EDITION (MACDONALD 3 JA)

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