Individual:- Health Individual:-Health

Literacy Literacy
Low awareness of Awareness of postnatal
postnatal care services care services
5B 5B
Individual:-Health Individual:-Health
Literacy Literacy
Low awareness of Awareness of
postpartum danger signs postpartum danger signs
5B 5B
Individual:-Health Individual:-Health
Literacy Literacy
Inadequate counseling Adequate counseling
about postnatal care about postnatal care
5B 5B
Motivation Individual:-Motivation
Belief that postnatal care Belief that postnatal care
visits are not necessary visits are for all mothers
if mom and baby are and babies, regardless of
well how they feel
5B 5B
Individual:-Motivation Individual:-Motivation
Low perceived benefits Perceived benefits of
of postnatal care postnatal care
5B 5B
Individual:-Motivation Individual:-Motivation
Post-delivery physical Post-delivery physical
symptoms (pain, symptoms (pain, fatigue)
fatigue) affect desire to do not affect desire to
go to postnatal care got to postnatal care
services services
5B 5B
Individual:-Decision- Individual:-Decision-
making Authority making Authority
Women have low Women have decision-
decision-making making authority or joint
authority for postnatal decision-making
care seeking authority for postnatal
5B care seeking
5B
Individual:-Decision- Individual:-Decision-
making Authority making Authority
Lack of couple’s Couple’s communication
communication around around postnatal care
postnatal care seeking seeking
5B 5B
Individual:-Self- Individual:-Self-
efficacy/Ability efficacy/Ability
No prior planning for Prior planning for
postnatal care postnatal care
5B 5B
Social/Community:- Social/Community:-
Norms Norms
Low positive male Positive male
engagement engagement
5B 5B
Social/Community:- Social/Community:-
Norms Norms
Norms around Postpartum norms do not
postpartum seclusion of interfere with use of
moms and babies postnatal care services
interfere with use of 5B
postnatal care services
5B
Social/Community:- Social/Community:-
Norms Norms
Women in community Women in community
do not attend PNC attend PNC
5B 5B
Social/Community:- Social/Community:-
Cultural Practices Cultural Practices
Cultural prohibitions No cultural prohibitions
around postnatal care around postnatal care
5B 5B
Social/Community:- Social/Community:-
Cultural Practices Cultural Practices
Religious and cultural Religious and cultural
beliefs require beliefs allow for access
postpartum seclusion to postnatal care services
5B 5B
Social/Community:- Social/Community:-
Social Capital Social Capital
Lack of women’s Women’s participation
participation in in community
community groups/dialogs, Model
groups/dialogs, Model Families program
Families programZ 5B
5B
Social/Community:- Social/Community:-
Family/Social Support Family/Social Support
Lack of partner support Partner support
5B 5B
Social/Community:- Social/Community:-
Family/Social Support Family/Social Support
Lack of family support Family support
5B 5B
Social/Community:- Social/Community:-
Family/Social Support Family/Social Support
Lack of community Community support
support 5B
5B
Social/Community:- Social/Community:-
Stigma and Stigma and
Discrimination Discrimination
Stigma due to marital No stigma due to marital
status, ethnicity, status, ethnicity,
disability, age, or other disability, age, or other
factor at the facility factor at the facility
5B 5B
Structural :- Structural :-
Affordability Affordability
Cost of obtaining Cost of obtaining
postnatal care services is postnatal care services is
unaffordable affordable
5B 5B
Structural :- Structural :-
Availability Availability
Health facility services Health facility services
are closed when care is are open when care is
needed or health care needed and health care
personnel are not personnel are available
available 5B
5B
Structural :- Structural :-
Availability Availability
Required medical Required medical
supplies, tests, and supplies, tests, and
medicines are not medicines are available
available 5B
5B
Structural :- Structural :-
Availability Availability
Lack of transport access Access to transport
5B 5B
Structural :-Quality Structural :-Quality
Postnatal care service Postnatal care service
linkages not made (no linkages made (PNC
PNC appointment, HEW appointment, HEW
not notified of birth) notified of birth)
5B 5B
Structural :-Quality Structural :-Quality
Perceived or actual Perceived or actual
poor-quality care quality care
5B 5B
Other Other

Other Other

Other Other

Other Other

Other Other