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The Political Economy
of Climate Finance:
Lessons from International
Development
Edited by Corrine Cash · Larry A. Swatuk
 International Political Economy Series

Series Editor
Timothy M. Shaw , University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, USA;
Emeritus Professor, University of London, London, UK
The global political economy is in flux as a series of cumulative crises
impacts its organization and governance. The IPE series has tracked its
development in both analysis and structure over the last three decades.
It has always had a concentration on the global South. Now the South
increasingly challenges the North as the centre of development, also
reflected in a growing number of submissions and publications on
indebted Eurozone economies in Southern Europe. An indispensable
resource for scholars and researchers, the series examines a variety of capi-
talisms and connections by focusing on emerging economies, companies
and sectors, debates and policies. It informs diverse policy communities
as the established trans-Atlantic North declines and ‘the rest’, especially
the BRICS, rise.
NOW INDEXED ON SCOPUS!
 Corrine Cash · Larry A. Swatuk
Editors

The Political
Economy of Climate
Finance: Lessons
from International
Development
Editors
Corrine Cash Larry A. Swatuk
Mount Allison University School of Environment, Enterprise
Sackville, NB, Canada and Development
University of Waterloo
Waterloo, ON, Canada

ISSN 2662-2483 ISSN 2662-2491 (electronic)

International Political Economy Series
ISBN 978-3-031-12618-5 ISBN 978-3-031-12619-2 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12619-2

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer
Nature Switzerland AG 2022
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the
Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights
of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on
microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and
retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology
now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc.
in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such
names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for
general use.
The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and informa-
tion in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither
the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with
respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been
made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps
and institutional affiliations.

Cover illustration: © RBFried/iStockphoto

This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature
Switzerland AG
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
 Acknowledgements

This book is the product of a Social Sciences and Humanities Research

Council (SSHRC) funded workshop that brought 11 specialists together
from both development and climate finance. The goal of the work-
shop was to discuss “what can we learn from 60 years of development
finance for climate finance?” The participants at the workshop represented
academia, civil society organizations, think tanks and practice. The goal
was to have a diversity of views and perspectives in the room. While not
all authors from that workshop have contributed chapters to this book,
we believe that the views expressed here represent the discussions that
occurred over three days quite well.
We would like to thank the participants from that workshop, including:
Dr. Blair Feltmate, Dr. Romeo Bertolini, Dr. Nick Mercer, Dr. Kate
Ervine, Brian Tomlinson, Delaine Mccullough, Leslie Qammaniq, Simon
Addison and Dr. Chijioke Oji. We would also like to thank the Coady
International Institute for supporting that workshop. Tiffany MacLennan
worked tirelessly to ensure the smooth running of the workshop. Laina
Timberg contributed important last-minute editorial assistance. We thank
them both.
Larry A. Swatuk would like to thank Corrine Cash for involving him
from the start of this worthwhile project. Covid-19 presented many chal-
lenges but working together on this collection was not one of them. On
behalf of all contributors, we would like to thank Anca Pusca and Ananda

v
vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Kumar Mariappan for their encouragement and support in the production

of this volume.
We hope that the research and reflections within this collection
provides insight into the considerable challenge of ensuring that climate
finance reaches those who need it most.
 Contents

1 Climate Finance: Lessons from Development Finance 1

Corrine Cash and Larry A. Swatuk
2 How Lessons from Development Finance Can
Strengthen Climate Finance 21
Leia Achampong
3 International Climate Finance and Development
Effectiveness 45
Brian Tomlinson
4 Climate Finance and Principles for Effective
Development Cooperation 75
Brian Tomlinson
5 What Can We Learn About the ‘Country Ownership’
of International Climate Finance by Employing
a Relational Conception of Scale? 99
Jonathan Barnes
6 Towards Accountability in Climate Finance: Lessons
from Nepal and Indonesia 129
Cathy Shutt and Brendan Halloran

vii
viii CONTENTS

7 Delivering Adaptation Finance Through the Market?

The Trouble with Using Carbon Offsets to Finance
Climate Adaptation in the Global South 153
Kate Ervine
8 Climate Finance and Neo-colonialism: Exposing
Hidden Dynamics 179
Rebecca Navarro
9 Climate Finance and the Peace Dividend, Articulating
the Co-benefits Argument 205
Catherine Wong
10 Toward Just and Effective Climate Action 233
Larry A. Swatuk and Corrine Cash

Index 245
 Notes on Contributors

Achampong Leia is a climate justice and women’s rights activist and

has a Masters’s degree in Sustainability Science and Policy (MsC) from
Maastricht University. With a background in research, policy analysis and
advocacy on climate change issues, Achampong’s current research focus
is on the best ways to strengthen financial mechanisms to increase the
quality and additionality of climate finance. Achampong presently works
at Eurodad on climate finance and climate justice.
Dr. Barnes Jonathan is Researcher at the International Institute of
Environment and Development where he focuses on climate governance
and finance. He is a Visiting Fellow in the Department of Geography
and Environment at the London School of Economics and Political
Science. His Ph.D. explored questions of justice in climate finance, specif-
ically looking at the Green Climate Fund in South Africa. He has a
policy background in climate and development finance including roles
at the Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development and the
Commonwealth Secretariat.
Cash Corrine holds a Ph.D. in Urban Planning from the School of
Planning, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. Dr. Cash is Assistant
Professor in the Department of Geography and Environment at Mount
Allison University in Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada. Prior to joining
Mt. Allison, Dr. Cash was a member of the Programme Teaching Staff
at the Coady International Institute as well as an Assistant Professor in

ix
x NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS

the Climate and Environment Program at St. Francis Xavier University,

Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada. Among her most recent publications
are two co-edited collections: Water, Energy, Food and People: The Nexus
in an era of Climate Change and The Political Economy of Urban Water
Security under Climate Change.
Ervine Kate is Associate Professor in the Department of Global Devel-
opment Studies at Saint Mary’s University and a Faculty Associate of
SMU’s School of the Environment. Her research examines the global
political economy of the environment, with a specific focus on climate
change mitigation, carbon markets, carbon offsetting, climate finance to
the Global South and climate justice. Among her recent publications is
the book Carbon (Polity, 2018).
Halloran Brendan is International Budget Partnership’s Head of
Strategy and Learning. In this role, he facilitates strategy and learning
processes at IBP—both the internal production of learning insights and
drawing on evidence and ideas from broader research and practice in
the governance space. Prior to joining IBP in 2016, Brendan lead the
learning work of the Transparency and Accountability Initiative, where
he played a role in shaping and interpreting evidence about what works,
as well as supporting collective learning spaces. Before that, he spent
five years living, researching and working in Guatemala. Brendan has a
Ph.D. from Virginia Tech, and has published work in a variety of jour-
nals, think pieces and blogs, including his own—Politics, Governance,
and Development.
Navarro Rebecca is a young Researcher at the Bonn International Centre
for Conflict Studies (BICC) in Germany. As a geographer who recently
graduated with a master’s degree in Nature Conservation and Landscape
Ecology at the University of Bonn, she has explored different areas related
to climate change from an interdisciplinary perspective. Since 2018 she
has been working in the field of sustainable technologies for agriculture
in the Global South.
Shutt Cathy has over 28 years’ experience of research, teaching
and practice within the international development sector, which has
included programme and evaluation work for a range of International
NGOs, Foundations, commercial suppliers and complex multi-sectoral
consortia. She holds a DPhil in International Development from the
Institute of Development Studies where she is an Honorary Associate.
 NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS xi

Cathy also teaches on Institutions of Aid and Policy Analysis in Energy

and Sustainability at the University of Sussex.
Swatuk Larry A. is Professor in the School of Environment, Enter-
prise and Development at the University of Waterloo, Canada. He is also
Extraordinary Professor in the Institute for Water Studies, University of
the Western Cape, South Africa and External Researcher, Bonn Interna-
tional Centre for Conflict Studies (BICC), Bonn, Germany. His recent
research focuses on the unintended negative consequences of state-led
climate action leading to potential ‘boomerang effects’. Among his most
recent publications is the co-edited collection (with Corrine Cash) enti-
tled The Political Economy of Urban Water Security under Climate Change
(Palgrave).
Tomlinson Brian is Adjunct Professor in the Department of Inter-
national Development Studies at Dalhousie University and Executive
Director of AidWatch Canada. He has had a long career working
with international civil society organizations in international develop-
ment and is widely published on Canadian development cooperation,
including editing and contributing to the biannual global Reality of
Aid Reports. He follows closely trends and issues relating to Canadian
international climate finance.
Wong Catherine is Team Leader for Climate and Security Risk and the
technical lead on climate, peace and security in UNDP’s Global Policy
Network. She is matrixed to the Conflict Prevention, Peacebuilding and
Responsive Institutions Team—Crisis Bureau and the Climate Strategies
and Policy Team—Bureau of Policy and Programme Support. Catherine
possesses more than 15 years’ experience working on climate change and
environment at headquarters and in-the-field. She serves as UNDP’s focal
point on the Climate Security Mechanism and the UN Water-led core
group on Leveraging Water for Peace. Catherine was recognized as one
of 25 Young Security Leaders by the Government of Germany, Körber-
Stiftung and the Munich Security Conference (2021–2022) and is an
observer of the International Military Council for Climate and Security.
 Acronyms

3MR Third Monitoring Round

AC Adaptation Communications
ADEs Anthropogenic Dark Earths
AF Adaptation Fund
ANC African National Congress
AWF African Wildlife Foundation
BAU Business-As-Usual
BMR Biannual Monitoring Process
CBDR-RC Common But Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective
Capabilities
CCBC Climate Change Budget Code
CDKN Climate and Development Knowledge Network
CDM Clean Development Mechanism
CER Carbon Emission Reductions
CERs Certified Emission Reductions
CFF Climate Finance Facility
CIFs Climate Investment Funds
CNA Centre for Naval Analyses
CO2 Carbon Dioxide
COP Conference of the Parties
COP-PF4SD Community of Practice on Private Finance for Sustainable Devel-
opment
CPDE CSP Partnership for Effective Communication
CPI Climate Policy Initiative
CSA Climate Smart Agriculture
CSOs Civil Society Organisations

xiii
xiv ACRONYMS

CSP Communication Service Provider

DAC Development Assistance Committee
DAEs Direct Access Entities
DBSA Development Bank of South Africa
DECC Department of Energy and Climate Change
DFIs Development Finance Institutions
EFLG Environment Friendly Local Government
EU European Union
FIFs Financial Intermediary Fund
FMIS Financial Management Information System
FoE US Friends of the Earth United States
GCF Green Climate Fund
GEF Global Environment Facility
GHGs Greenhouse Gas
GNI Gross National Income
GPEDC Global Partnerships for Effective Development Cooperation
GWP Global Warming Potential
HFC Hydrofluorocarbons
HRD Human Rights Defenders
IBP International Budget Partnership
IDR Indonesian Rupiah
IEA International Energy Agency
IETA International Emissions Trading Association
IEU Independent Financial Unit
IFC International Finance Corporation
IIED International Institute for Environment and Development
IMF International Monetary Fund
INCAF International Network on Conflict and Fragility
INGOs International NGOs
INISIATIF National Center for Indonesia Leadership
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IRENA International Renewable Energy Agency
ITMOs Internationally transferred mitigation outcomes
KTNI Indonesian Traditional Union of Fisherfolk
LDCs Least Developed Countries
LORTA Learning-Oriented Real-Time Impact Assessment
LTSs Long-term Low Greenhouse Gas Emissions Strategies
MDB Multilateral Development Banks
MINUSMA Multidimensional Integrated Stabilisation Mission in Mali
MoCA Ministerial on Climate Action
MSF Multi-Stakeholder Forum
NAPs National Adaptation Plans
NCQG New Collective Quantified Goal
 ACRONYMS xv

NDA National Designated Authority

NDCs Nationally Determined Contributions
NGOs Non-Governmental Organisations
ODA Official Development Assistance
ODC Official Development Cooperation
ODI Overseas Development Institute
OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
OMGE Overall Mitigation in Global Emissions
OI Oxfam International
OPM Oxford Policy Management
PAR Participatory Action Research
PBF Peacebuilding Fund
PCD Petersberg Climate Dialogue
PDB Public Development Banks
PITA Participation, Inclusion, Transparency, and Accountability
PSA Power Shift Africa
PSE Private Sector Engagement
REDD+ Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation
SACFA South African Finance Assemblage
SANBI South African National Biodiversity Institute
SCF Standing Committee on Finance
SDGs Sustainable Development Goals
SDSN Sustainable Development Solutions Network
SIDS Small Island Developing States
SOP Share of Proceeds
SPARC Supporting Pastoralism and Agriculture in Recurrent and
Protracted Crises
SSDC South-South Development Cooperation
TANAPA Tanzania National Parks
TAP Technology Action Plans
tCO2e Tons of CO2 equivalent
TFGB Trees For Global Benefit
UN United Nations
UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
UNDESA United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
UNDP United Nations Development Program
UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
UNSD United Nations Statistics Division
WBG World Bank Group
WHO World Health Organisation
 List of Figures

Fig. 3.1 Trends in international climate finance (Source OECD,

Climate Finance Provided and Mobilized by Developed
Countries in 2013–2018, Bilateral Adjusted is OECD
DAC Bilateral Provider Perspective, Significant Purpose
[Rio Marker 1 adjusted to 30%, Loans adjusted at Grant
Equivalency, Total Commitments]) 54
Fig. 3.2 Modalities for MDB climate finance, percentage of total
MDB climate finance (Source OECD DAC Climate
Finance Recipient Perspective, Loans at gross face value) 55
Fig. 3.3 MDB adaptation finance (Source Joint Report
on Multilateral Development Banks Climate Finance,
Various Years) 61
Fig. 3.4 DAC providers bilateral adaptation finance (Source OECD
DAC Provider Climate Finance, various years, significant
purpose adjusted to 30% and loans at grant equivalency) 62
Fig. 3.5 Adaptation finance to vulnerable least developed and small
island states: share of total bilateral and MDB adaptation
climate finance 64
Fig. 3.6 Loans in bilateral climate finance as a share of total
bilateral climate finance 66

xvii
 List of Tables

Table 1.1 Group of 10 (G10) country climate finance performance 5

Table 3.1 Top 10 DAC providers, share of total (adjusted) bilateral
climate finance, 2019 54
Table 3.2 Climate finance and DAC/EU gender marker 68
Table 3.3 Select providers, bilateral principal purpose climate
finance as a share of real bilateral ODA commitments,
2019 70
Table 5.1 Analytical categories to operationalize relational scale vis
a vis a hierarchical conception 105
Table 5.2 Accredited entity comparison 109

xix
 CHAPTER 1

Climate Finance: Lessons from Development

Finance

Corrine Cash and Larry A. Swatuk

Introduction

We either choose to achieve rapid and large-scale reductions of emissions

to keep the goal of limiting global warming to 1.5C—or we accept that
humanity faces a bleak future on this planet. We either choose to boost
adaptation efforts to deal with current extreme weather disasters and build
resilience to address future impacts—or we accept that more people will
die, more families will suffer, and more economic harm will follow. We

C. Cash (B)
Department of Geography and Environment, Mount Allison University,
Sackville, NB, Canada
e-mail: ccash@mta.ca
L. A. Swatuk
School of Environment, Enterprise and Development,
University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
e-mail: lswatuk@uwaterloo.ca

© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature 1

Switzerland AG 2022
C. Cash and L. A. Swatuk (eds.), The Political Economy of Climate
Finance: Lessons from International Development, International Political
Economy Series, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12619-2_1
2 C. CASH AND L. A. SWATUK

either choose to recognize that business as usual isn’t worth the devas-
tating price we’re paying and make the necessary transition to a more
sustainable future—or we accept that we’re investing in our own extinc-
tion. It is about much more than environment, it is about peace, stability
and the institutions we have built to promote the wellbeing of all.
Patricia Espinosa (2021)

Anthropogenic climate change poses an existential threat to humanity.

Abrupt changes to the climate at various scales are underway due
primarily to the burning of fossil fuels in human industrial processes (see,
e.g., https://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/). The planetary impact of these
processes is commonly called ‘global warming’ and its cumulative impact
is exacerbating humanity’s lurch towards an unknown, largely unpre-
dictable and, most certainly for large swaths of the planet, undesirable
future. The most reliable scientific evidence suggests that action to limit
warming to less than 2 °C can contribute meaningfully to minimizing
negative long-term consequences for ecosystems and people. Poor and/or
uncoordinated action, however, will lead to catastrophic outcomes at a
variety of spatial and temporal scales. Recent extreme weather events—
drought, flood, fire—offer but an inkling of our climate-changed future.
While calls to action are persistent and increasingly alarmist in tone, the
institutional and organizational systems that are in place seem ill-suited
to the task at hand: sovereign states, inter-governmental organizations,
development banks, private entrepreneurs, non-governmental organiza-
tions, global meetings which bring together actors with very different
ideas about what is to be done how and when.
This collection focuses on climate finance as one of the emergent
institutional mechanisms for dealing with the negative effects of anthro-
pogenic climate change across the Global South. In terms of total global
(public and private sector) finance deployed in support of climate action,
it is a minor contributor. At the 2009 Conference of the Parties (COP) at
Copenhagen, rich countries pledged to provide US $100 billion/per year
in finance to developing countries to assist them in developing and imple-
menting mitigation and adaptation measures. As shown in this collection,
the avenues along which finance is to travel are many and varied, from
the orthodox (e.g. bilateral and multilateral grants and loans) to the
 1 CLIMATE FINANCE: LESSONS FROM DEVELOPMENT FINANCE 3

more creative (e.g. carbon markets, job-creating low-emission produc-

tion processes). According to the UNFCCC (n.d.), ‘Climate finance is
needed for mitigation, because large-scale investments are required to
significantly reduce emissions. Climate finance is equally important for
adaptation, as significant financial resources are needed to adapt to the
adverse effects and reduce the impacts of a changing climate’. Climate
finance is meant to be ‘new and additional’ to already existing develop-
ment finance. To put the $100 billion pledge into context, Dodd (2020)
estimated the financial support needed for achieving Sustainable Develop-
ment Goals 3 (Health) and 4 (Education). Dodd chose colleagues chose
these two SDGs as they closely align with the central focus of Overseas
Development Assistance (ODA). Whereas ODA in 2019 was estimated to
be $147 billion, the costs of achieving SDG 3 varied from $227 to $406
billion per year up to 2030 (Dodd, 2020: 4). In comparison, for SDG
4 Dodd (2020) looked at two studies where the estimated costs varied
dramatically from $222 billion per year between 2015 and 2030 (Wils,
2015) and $3 trillion per year by 2030 (Education commission, 2016).
Current debates regarding climate finance offer important insights
into not only the facts and arguments regarding the ways and means
to move away from fossil fuel dependence towards a clean energy near-
term future, but a window into abiding problems of social organization
broadly defined. Put differently, the political economy of climate finance
mirrors closely the economic, political, social and ecological dynamics of
a neoliberal, globalized world. Importantly, then, there are lessons to
be learned from international development for climate finance, as shifts
in development thinking and practice closely reflect changing dynamics
of global political economy. We return to this point below. Suffice to
say here, however, that current approaches to climate finance are already
making many of the same mistakes that characterize experiences in inter-
national development: from funding ‘white elephants’ to anti-democratic
practices, from being captured by political agendas to privileging ‘expert’
(Western, scientific) knowledge; from taking markets and private prop-
erty as an uncontested baseline assumption to seeing techno-economic
approaches as necessary and equally incontestable solutions to formidable
and complex challenges.
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
The Project Gutenberg eBook of Indianerleben
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with
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eBook.

Title: Indianerleben
El gran Chaco (Südamerika)

Author: Erland Nordenskiöld

Release date: March 19, 2024 [eBook #73205]

Language: German

Original publication: Leipzig: Albert Bonnier, 1912

Credits: Peter Becker and the Online Distributed Proofreading

Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced
from images generously made available by The
Internet Archive)

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK

INDIANERLEBEN ***
 Anmerkungen zur Transkription
Der vorliegende Text wurde anhand der Buchausgabe von 1912 so weit wie möglich
originalgetreu wiedergegeben. Typographische Fehler wurden stillschweigend korrigiert.
Ungewöhnliche und heute nicht mehr verwendete Schreibweisen bleiben gegenüber dem
Original unverändert; fremdsprachliche Ausdrücke wurden nicht korrigiert.
Schreibvarianten, insbesondere bei Orts- und Personennamen, wurden nicht
vereinheitlicht, sofern die betreffenden Schreibweisen mehrmals im Text vorkommen. Die
in der ‚Berichtigung‘ am Ende des Buches aufgeführten Begriffe wurden in der
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Abhängig von der im jeweiligen Lesegerät installierten Schriftart können die im
Original g e s p e r r t gedruckten Passagen gesperrt, in serifenloser Schrift, oder aber
sowohl serifenlos als auch gesperrt erscheinen.
INDIANERLEBEN
Tafel 1. Der Verfasser mit Ashluslayfreunden.
 INDIANERLEBEN
EL GRAN CHACO
(SÜDAMERIKA)
VON

ERLAND NORDENSKIÖLD

LEIPZIG 1912 / ALBERT BONNIER

EINZIGE AUTORISIERTE ÜBERSETZUNG
AUS DEM SCHWEDISCHEN
VON
CARL AUERBACH

Roßberg’sche Buchdruckerei, Leipzig.

 Inhaltsverzeichnis.

Seite

Einleitung 1
Erstes Kapitel:
Reise nach dem Arbeitsfeld 3
Der Calilegua 11
Zweites Kapitel:
Unter den Indianern am Rio Pilcomayo 15
Drittes Kapitel:
Unter den Indianern am Rio Pilcomayo
(Fortsetzung) 32
Gemeinwesen 32
Das Indianerhaus 39
Viertes Kapitel:
Unter den Indianern am Rio Pilcomayo
(Fortsetzung) 44
Der Kampf ums Dasein 44
Wie man bei den Ashluslays und Chorotis ißt 58
Fünftes Kapitel:
Unter den Indianern am Rio Pilcomayo
(Fortsetzung) 63
Indianerkinder 63
 Männer und Frauen 74
Arbeitsverteilung zwischen Männern und
Frauen 94
Sechstes Kapitel:
Unter den Indianern am Rio Pilcomayo
(Fortsetzung) 96
Trinkgelage 96
Das Tabakrauchen 101
Medizinmänner, religiöse Vorstellungen 103
Vom Matacoindianer Na-yás erzählte Sagen:
Der Raub des Feuers 110
Die Frau, die sich mit den Hunden
verheiratet hat 111
Die große Feuersbrunst 111
Der Maisraub 112
Der Sohn des Chuña 112
Als die Matacos und die Christen die Welt
teilten 113
Der Fuchs und der Stier 113
Siebentes Kapitel:
Unter den Indianern am Rio Pilcomayo
(Fortsetzung) 116
Kunst und Industrie 116
Die Indianer als Zeichner 127
Achtes Kapitel:
Unter den Indianern am Rio Pilcomayo
(Fortsetzung) 129
Krieg und Frieden 129
Handel 137
Besuch in fremden Dörfern 141
Das Verhältnis zu den Weißen 142
Neuntes Kapitel:
Das Land der Chané- und Chiriguanoindianer 148
Zehntes Kapitel:
Vom Lande der Chané- und Chiriguanoindianer 163
Indianer als Geographen 163
Der Indianer als Historiker 167
Elftes Kapitel:
Vom Lande der Chané- und Chiriguanoindianer 173
Alltagsleben in den Chané- und
Chiriguanohütten 173
Arbeitsteilung zwischen den Geschlechtern 180
Tabelle, welche die Arbeitsteilung zwischen
Männern und Frauen bei den Chanés und
Chiriguanos ausweist 180
Nahrungszweige 181
Zubereitung der Speisen 188
Spiele 190
Das Leben der Indianerkinder 193
Alltagskleidung 200
Reinlichkeit 203
Zwölftes Kapitel:
Aus dem Leben der Chané- und Chiriguanoindianer
(Fortsetzung) 206
Vom Mutterleib bis zum Grabe 206
Dreizehntes Kapitel:
Aus dem Leben der Chané- und Chiriguanoindianer
(Fortsetzung) 221
Häßliche Worte, Homosexualität, Selbstmord,
Schamgefühl u. a. 221
Vierzehntes Kapitel:
Aus dem Leben der Chané- und Chiriguanoindianer 228
 (Fortsetzung)
Häuptlinge und Gesetze 228
Fünfzehntes Kapitel:
Trinkgelage bei den Chanés und Chiriguanos 234
Sechzehntes Kapitel:
Aus dem Leben der Chané- und Chiriguanoindianer
(Fortsetzung) 242
Kunst und Industrie 242
Siebzehntes Kapitel:
Aus dem Leben der Chané- und Chiriguanoindianer
(Fortsetzung) 250
Sage und Religion 250
1. Der Weltuntergang und der Raub des
Feuers 251
2. Der Weltuntergang und der Raub des
Feuers 253
Besuche in Aguararenta (dem Dorfe der
Füchse) 255
Das Mädchen, das seinem Mann nach
Aguararenta folgte 255
Geister- und Tiersagen 257
Die Erschaffung der Welt, wie der
Fuchsgott, Aguaratunpa, den
Algarrobobaum fand, und wie er den
weißen Kondor, Ururuti, fing 260
Tatutunpas und Aguaratunpas
Verheiratung 264
Die Entstehung der Arbeit 269
Wie Aguaratunpa seinen Bruder nach dem
Himmelsgewölbe schickte 270
Über den Sohn von Tatutunpa, und wie er
seine Mutter gerettet hat 271
 Der Mann, der sich mit der Tochter des 277
Donnergottes, Chiqueritunpa, verheiratet
„Choihuihuis“ Frauenraub 283
Wie Aguaratunpa Tatutunpa tötete und
dann selbst getötet wurde 285
Der Mann, der Añatunpa verbrannte 286
Der Mann, der Añatunpa tötete 287
Wie Bisose Reichtümer aus dem Berge
holte 288
Der Fuchs und der Jaguar 289
Als die Schildkröte „Carumbe“ den Jaguar
tötete 291
Die Liebessage des Kolibris 292
Als die Zecke, Yatéu, mit dem Strauß,
Yándu, um die Wette lief 292
Die Indianer und die Naturerscheinungen 294
Achtzehntes Kapitel:
Aus dem Leben der Chané- und Chiriguanoindianer
(Fortsetzung) 297
Die katholischen Missionen unter den
Chiriguanos 297
Die Furcht vor den Gummigegenden 298
Frondienste für die Weißen 300
Neunzehntes Kapitel:
Die Tapieteindianer 304
Zu diesen Indianern 304
Kultur und Sprache der Tapieteindianer 310
Tapietesagen:
Wie die Papageien den Tapietes Mais
verschaffen 312
Wie die Tapietes das Schaf bekamen 313
Der Raub des Feuers 313
 Das Entstehen der Zahnschmerzen 314
Die Taubstummen der Tapietes 315
Zwanzigstes Kapitel:
Die Tsirakuaindianer 322
Schlußwort 329
 Einleitung.

In diesem Buche beabsichtige ich, einige Indianerstämme, die ich

während meiner Reise 1908–1909 näher kennen gelernt habe, zu
schildern.
Ich habe das intime Leben dieser Menschen, ihre Gesellschaft,
ihre Häuslichkeit, ihren Kampf ums Dasein, ihre Streitigkeiten, ihre
Erziehung, ihre Moralbegriffe, ihre Religion und ihre Sagen hier zu
schildern versucht.
In erster Reihe habe ich somit einen Beitrag zur Kenntnis der
sozialen Verhältnisse im Gemeinwesen der Indianer liefern wollen.
Ich habe versucht, die Indianer kennen zu lernen und habe auch
Sympathie für sie empfunden. Ich habe, so gut es ging, das Leben
der Indianer zu leben, sie zu verstehen gesucht. Ich habe mit ihnen
gefischt, getanzt, gesungen und getrunken. Ich habe zu vergessen
gesucht, daß ich ausgezogen bin, um diese Menschen zu studieren,
und nicht, um nur mit ihnen zu leben und mich zu amüsieren.
Ich habe diese Indianer als Mitmenschen betrachtet.
Unter vielen trockenen Tatsachen habe ich hier Menschen zeigen
wollen, die der Sympathie des Lesers würdig sein dürften.
Meine Reise ist durch die Freigebigkeit meines Freundes Arvid
Hernmarck zustande gekommen. Ich bin ihm deshalb zu großem
Danke verpflichtet.
Mit seinem bekannten Interesse für die Schweden, die
Südamerika kennen lernen wollen, hat mir Herr Generalkonsul Axel
Johnson auf den bequemen Dampfern, die den immer blühenderen
schwedischen Handel nach Argentinien vermitteln, freie Reise und
freie Frachten gewährt.
Großen Dank schulde ich Frau Rosa Hernmarck, dem früheren
Ministerresident O. Gyldén, dem Legationsrat H. von Bildt und dem
Apotheker H. Enell, welche teils zu meiner Ausrüstung beigetragen,
teils meine Sammlungen verwaltet haben.
Bei meinen umfassenden Streifzügen in Bolivia bin ich sowohl in
der Hütte des Armen wie von dem reichen Estanciero mit
außerordentlicher Gastfreiheit aufgenommen worden. Bei den
Indianern wie bei den Weißen habe ich mich als Hausfreund
betrachtet.
Am wohlsten habe ich mich bei den Indianern gefühlt!