JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH

Volume 294, February 2024

CONTENTS
ACUTE CARE SURGERY
Factors Associated With Discharge to Skilled Nursing Facility Following Gunshot Wounds.
Anthony Eze, Harold Leraas, Oluebubechukwu Eze, Chinecherem Chime, Braylee Grisel,
Lauren Moore, Marcelo Cerullo, Doreen Chang, Suresh Agarwal, and Krista L. Haines. . . . . . . . 1
Adjusting the Split: Examining Complications After Emergency Exploratory Laparotomy in Older
Adults. Mehak Chawla, Holly Baselice, Rosa Negash, Alex Helkin, and Andrew Young . . . . . . . . 58
Geospatial Analysis of Social Vulnerability, Race, and Firearm Violence in Chicago. Camille Dirago,
Michael Poulson, Justin Hatchimonji, James Byrne, and Dane Scantling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Timing to Rib Fixation in Patients With Flail Chest. Devanshi D. Patel, Benjamin R. Zambetti, and
Louis J. Magnotti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Nationwide Analysis of Firearm Injury Versus Other Penetrating Trauma: It’s Not All the Same
Caliber. Walter A. Ramsey, Christopher F. O’Neil Jr., Connor D. Shatz, Nicole B. Lyons,
Brianna L. Cohen, Rebecca A. Saberi, Gareth P. Gilna, Jonathan P. Meizoso, Louis R. Pizano,
Carl I. Schulman, Kenneth G. Proctor, and Nicholas Namias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Comparison of Erector Spinae Plane Blocks Versus Multimodal Pain Management for Traumatic
Rib Fractures: A Matched Cohort Study. Caitlin A. Fitzgerald, Sarah Cao, Alea I. Zone,
Linda A. Dultz, Hillary Prince, Bingchun Wan, John C. Alexander, Irina Gasanova, and
Ryan P. Dumas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Trauma Laparotomy for the Cirrhotic Patient: An Outcome-Based Analysis. Malak Nazem Akl,
Khaled El-Qawaqzeh, Tanya Anand, Hamidreza Hosseinpour, Christina Colosimo, Adam Nelson,
Qaidar Alizai, Michael Ditillo, Louis J. Magnotti, and Bellal Joseph. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Identifying Factors Associated With Code Status Changes After Emergency General Surgery.
Shruthi Srinivas, Michael E. Villarreal, Holly Baselice, Katherine C. Bergus, Brittany Waterman,
Katelyn Henderson, Sara Scarlet, Andrew J. Young, and Alex Helkin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Dynamic Aortic Pressure Augmentation as a Novel Method of Swine Terminal Blood
Extraction. Jacob A.P. Niebler, Nathan T.P. Patel, Aravindh S. Ganapathy, Gloria D. Sanin,
Gabriel E. Cambronero, James E. Jordan, Magan R. Lane, Timothy K. Williams,
and Lucas P. Neff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
A National Analysis of Racial and Sex Disparities Among Interhospital Transfers for Emergency
General Surgery Patients and Associated Outcomes. Maveric Abella, Jeffrey Hayashi,
Brian Martinez, Marissa Inouye, Abigail Rosander, Lucy Kornblith, and Adel Elkbuli . . . . . . . . 228
Index CT-Based Scoring Systems in Operative Blunt Bowel and Mesenteric Injury Identification.
Ila Sethi, Aidan E. Aicher, Marlene Zawin, Michael Samuel, Ambika Mukhi,
James Vosswinkel, and Randeep S. Jawa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
CARDIAC SURGERY
Safety-Net Hospital Status Is Associated With Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Outcomes at an
Urban Academic Medical Center. Raghav Chandra, Jennie Meier, Nicholas Marshall,
Ishwar Chuckaree, Omar Harirah, Mitri K. Khoury, W. Steves Ring, Matthias Peltz,
Michael A. Wait, Michael E. Jessen, Amy E. Hackmann, and Christopher A. Heid . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Increased Coronary Contraction to Thromboxane A2 in Cardiac Surgery Patients With Poorly
Controlled Hypertension. Sharif A. Sabe, Amy Zhao, Martin A. Kononov, Mohamed Sabra,
Janelle Li, Afshin Ehsan, Jun Feng, and Frank W. Sellke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Prospective Study of Risk Factors for Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery.
Michael E. Bowdish, Emilia Bagiella, Gennaro Giustino, Pavan Atluri, John H. Alexander,
Vinod H. Thourani, James S. Gammie, Joseph J. DeRose, Wendy C. Taddei-Peters,
Neal O. Jeffries, Patrick T. O’Gara, Alan J. Moskowitz, Marc Gillinov, Annetine C. Gelijns, and
Gorav Ailawadi, for the Cardiothoracic Surgical Trials Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
EDUCATION AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT
Surgical Residents as Clerkship Scholars May Improve Student Perception of the Surgery
Clerkship. Joseph M. Ladowski, T. Clark Howell, Amanda Nash, Kristen Rhodin,
Elisabeth Tracy, John Migaly, Diane Bloom, and Cory J. Vatsaas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Feedback Versus Compliments Versus Both in Suturing and Knot Tying Simulation:
A Randomized Controlled Trial. Kelsey R. Tieken, Grace Kelly, Jessica Maxwell,
Michael R. Visenio, Jannelle Reynolds, and Abbey L. Fingeret . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Differential Electronic Survey Response: Does Survey Fatigue Affect Everyone Equally?
Rebecca F. Brown, Ace St. John, Yinin Hu, and Gurjit Sandhu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
ENDOCRINE SURGERY
Excellent Response to Therapy Occurs for Most Patients With Thyroid Cancer Treated With
Lobectomy. Nicolle Barmettler, Jessica Shank, Whitney Goldner, Anupam Kotwal, Anery Patel,
Ana Yuil-Valdes, and Abbey L. Fingeret . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY
The Association of Preoperative Food Insecurity With Early Postoperative Outcomes After
Bariatric Surgery. Lucas R. Mathson, Kathleen L. Lak, Jon C. Gould, Rana M. Higgins, and
Tammy L. Kindel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Preclinical Models of Anal Cancer Combined-Modality Therapy. Hillary R. Johnson,
Laura C. Gunder, Amani Gillette, Hana Sleiman, Brooks L. Rademacher, Louise M. Meske,
Wesley S. Culberson, John A. Micka, Peter Favreau, Evan Yao, Kristina A. Matkowskyj,
Melissa C. Skala, and Evie H. Carchman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
HEALTHCARE DELIVERY, QUALITY, AND SAFETY
Implementation of Standardized Educational Material in Outpatient Pediatric Surgery: A Pilot
Study. Dimitra M. Lotakis, Brianna L. Spencer, Nadia Aboumourad, Lauren Hoff,
Devon Gingrich, Anjali Vaishnav, and K. Elizabeth Speck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Surgeon Understanding and Perceptions of Social Determinants of Health. Gwyneth A. Sullivan,
Yumiko Gely, Zachary M. Palmisano, Andrew Donaldson, Melissa Rangel, Brian C. Gulack,
Julie K. Johnson, and Ami N. Shah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Disparities in Surgical Treatment of Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma at Minority
Serving Hospitals. Elizabeth J. Olecki, Rolfy A. Perez Holguin, Mackenzie M. Mayhew,
William G. Wong, Charles C. Vining, June S. Peng, Chan Shen, and
Matthew E.B. Dixon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Fragmentation of Care After Admissions for Burn: An Analysis of the National Readmissions
Database. Hannah Braunstein, Vanessa P. Ho, Avanti Badrinathan, Andrew Tran, Casey Kohler,
Patrick J. Maluso, Christopher W. Towe, and Justin E. Dvorak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Trends in Industry Payments to Surgeons During COVID-19. Jessica Liu McMullin,
Rongzhi Wang, Andrea Gillis, Polina Zmijewski, and Herbert Chen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Modeling the Adoption of 5760 Clinical Studies Into Practice Across 5 Surgical Specialties.
Moustafa Abdalla, Salwa Abdalla, Mohamed Abdalla, and Daniel B. Jones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
PEDIATRIC SURGERY
Disparities in Ultrasound Use for Diagnosing Pediatric Appendicitis Across United States
Emergency Departments. Jack H. Scaife, Jacoby R. Bryce, Stephanie E. Iantorno, Meng Yang,
Marta L. McCrum, and Brian T. Bucher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Pediatric Blunt Splenic Trauma: Disparities in Management and Outcomes. Kayla Peña,
Abhilasha Borad, and Sathyaprasad Burjonrappa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Reduced Long-Term Bowel Obstruction Risk With Minimally Invasive Diaphragmatic Hernia
Repair. Gerard R. Martusciello, Gwyneth A. Sullivan, Nathaniel Koo, Srikumar Pillai,
Mary Beth Madonna, Ami N. Shah, and Brian C. Gulack. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Gabapentin May Not Decrease Opioid Use in Pediatric Enhanced Recovery After Surgery
Protocols. Hae Sung Kang, Travis M. Sullivan, Rebecca Zee, Victoria G. Kuester, and
Jason P. Sulkowski. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
PLASTIC SURGERY
Activity Limitation Counseling in Dermatologic Surgery: A Survey and Retrospective Chart
Review. Dina H. Zamil, Spoorthi Kamepalli, Suzanne Alkul, Joan K. Fernandez, and
Ikue Shimizu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
Prognostic Differences Between Surveillance and Active Treatment After Initial Orchiectomy
in Patients With Stage I Mixed Germ Cell Tumors of the Testis: A Propensity Score
Matching Analysis. Yong Du, Lianghua Liu, Bing Zou, Zhili Chen, Qiang Chen,
Rui Deng, and Ping Yang. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
VASCULAR SURGERY
Search Engines to Capture Missing Deaths From Institutional Data Warehouse. Yash S. Dayal,
Dennis G. Foster, Yilun Hao, Sasha G. Bennett, and Luke P. Brewster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
WOUND HEALING
A Comparative Study on Platelet-Rich Plasma From Elderly Individuals and Young Adults
to Treat Pressure Ulcers in Mice. Ningjie Chen, Haitao Wang, Yang Shao, Jincun Yang,
and Guodong Song . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
ERRATUM
Corrigendum to Adolescent Vaping-Associated Trauma in the Western United States [J Surg
Res. 2022 Aug;276:251–255]. Katie W. Russell, Micah G. Katz, Ryan C. Phillips,
Lorraine I. Kelley-Quon, Shannon N. Acker, Niti Shahi, Justin H. Lee, Elizabeth A. Fialkowski,
Deepthi Nacharaju, Caitlin A. Smith, Aaron R. Jensen, Claudia M. Mueller,
Benjamin E. Padilla, Romeo C. Ignacio, Shadassa Ourshalimian, Kasper S. Wang,
Daniel J. Ostlie, Stephen J. Fenton, Zachary J. Kastenberg, and Western Pediatric Surgery
Research Consortium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
LETTER TO EDITOR
Letter Regarding: Association of Sarcopenia With Mortality in Patients With Chronic
Limb-Threatening Ischemia Undergoing Endovascular Revascularization.
Nezahat Muge Catikkas and Umut Safer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Response Regarding: Association of Sarcopenia With Mortality in Patients With Chronic
Limb-Threatening Ischemia Undergoing Endovascular Revascularization. Zhanjiang Cao,
Benqi Zhao and Weiwei Wu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281