INTESTINAL NEMATODES

PARASITE COMMON NAME MODE OF INFECTIVE STAGE CLINICAL MANIFESTATION

TRANSMISSION
ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES GIANT INTESTINAL ROUNDWORM SOIL TRANSMITTED INGESTION OF  LARVAL MIGRATION
HELMINTH (STH) EMBRYONATED EGGS  SYPTOMS LIKE
PNEUMONIA
 LUNG INFILTRATION
(LOEFFLER’S SYNDROME
PULMONARY
EOSINOPHLIA)
STRONGYLOIDES THREADWORM SKIN PENETRATION INFECTIVE FILARIFORM  LARVAL MIGRATION
STERCORALIS PENETRATE THE SKIN OF THE  LARVAL SKIN INVASION
HOST  COCHIN CHINA
DIARRHEA
 CAUSES CHRONIC
CUTANEOUS LARVAL
MIGRATION
 “COCHEXIA”
ANCYLOSTOMA OLD WORLD HOOKWORM SOIL TRANSMITTED INFECTIVE STAGE:  MIGRATION OF LARVAE
DUODENALE HELMINTH (STH) FILARIFORM LARVA CONTINUES INTO THE
NEW WORLD HOOKWORM (MOUTH CLOSED) BRONCHIOLES, WHERE
NECATOR AMERICANUS THEY ARE COUGHED UP
“DEW ITCH” “GROUND ITCH” FEEDING STAGE: TO THE PHARYNX
RHABDITIFORM SUBSEQUESNTLY
(MOUTH OPEN) SWALLOWED AND
DEPOSITED TO SMALL
INTESTINE
 LARVAL MATURATION
TAKES PLACE IN THE
SMALL INTESTINES

Articuna, Rain Roniel Johyce

BMLS 2F
 PARASITE COMMON NAME MODE OF TRANSMISSION INFECTIVE STAGE CLINICAL MANIFESTATION

ENTEROBIUS PIN WORM INGESTION OF FULLY INFECTIVE STAGE:  AUTOINFECTION VIA

VERMICULARIS SEAT WORM EMBRYONATED EGGS INGESTION OF FULLY HAND-TO-MOUTH
SOCIETY WORM EMBRYONATED EGGS CONTAMINATION
INHALATION OF FULLY  EASILY SPREAD IN THE
EMBRYONATED EGGS DIAGNOSTIC STAGE: FAMILY
EGGS ON PERIANIAL FOLDS

TRICHURIS TRICHIURA WHIPWORM SOIL TRANSMITTED INGESTION OF FULLY  RECTAL PROLAPSE

HELMINTH (STH) EMBRYONATED EGGS  ENTERORRHAGIA
 CAUSES PETECHIAL
INGESTION OF FULLY DAMAGES
EMBRYONATED EGGS
CAPILLARIA PUDOC WORM INGESTION OF RAW OR INFECTIVE LARVAE BORBORYGMUS
PHILIPPINENSIS UNDERCOOKED FRESHWATER DEVELOPED IN TISSUE OF THE
OR BLACKISH WATER FISH INTERMIDIATE HOST
(FRESHWATER FISH)

Articuna, Rain Roniel Johyce

BMLS 2F
 TREMATODES: INTESTINAL, LIVER AND LUNG FLUKES
GENERAL
PARASITE COMMON NAME MODE OF TRANSMISSION INFECTIVE STAGE
CONSIDERATIONS
RESERVIOR HOST:
INGESTION OF
PIGS, DOGS AND RABBITS
METACERCARIAE,
METACERCARIAE ON
ENCYSTED ON FRESH-
FACIOLOPSIS BUSKI GIANT INTESTINAL FLUKE WATERPLANT INGESTED BY INTERMIDIATE HOST:
WATER VEGETATION
HUMANS OR PIGS TRAPA BINORCIS
(BAMBOO
(WATER CHESTNUTS)
SHOOTS/CHESTNUTS)
 TWO SNAIL
INFECTIVE STAGE: INTERMEDIATE
METACERCARIAE IN SECOND HOST
INTERMEDIATE HOST  OCCURS IN THE
INGESTED BY DEFINITIVE PHILIPPINES
INGESTION OR EATEN RAW
ECHINOSTOMA ILOCANUM GARRISON FLUKE HOST
OF THE SECOND SNAIL HOST
DIAGNOSTIC STAGE:
UNEMBRYONATED EGGS
PASSED IN FECES

HETEROPHYES METACERCARIAE OF
VON SIEBOLD’S FLUKE CONSUMPTION OF PICKLED
HETEROPHYES HETEROPHYID FLUKES FLESH-EATING MAMMALS
FISH OR SUSHI MADE FROM
ENCYST UNDER THE SCALES SERVE AS RESERVIOR HOSTS
YOKOGAWAI’S FLUKE FISH
METAGONIMUS YOKOGAWAI OR IN THE FLESH OF FISH
INFECTIVE STAGE:
METACERCARIAE IN FLESH
OR SKIN OF FRESHWATER
INGESTION OR EATEN RAW, FISH
WORM INVASION IN THE
CLONORCHIS SINENSIS ORIENTAL LIVER FLUKE PICKLED, SMOKED OR DRIED
BLADDER
FISH DIAGNOSTIC STAGE:
RECOVERY OF EGGS PASSED
IN FECES

Articuna, Rain Roniel Johyce

BMLS 2F
 PARASITE
FASCIOLA HEPATICA
FASCIOLA GIGANTICA
PARAGONIMUS WESTERMANI
Articuna, Rain Roniel Johyce
BMLS 2F
COMMON NAME MODE OF TRANSMISSION INFECTIVE STAGE GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
 LIVER ROT DISEASE
METACERCARIAE ON
INGESTION OF METACERCARIAE  USUALLY IN MIDDLE
SHEEP LIVER FLUKE VEGETATION INGESTED BY
ON VEGETATION EAST DUE TO EATING
DEFINITIVE HOST
RAW ANIMAL LIVER
 LIVER ROT DISEASE
METACERCARIAE ON
INGESTION OF METACERCARIAE  USUALLY IN MIDDLE
GIANT LIVER FLUKE VEGETATION INGESTED BY
ON VEGETATION EAST DUE TO EATING
DEFINITIVE HOST
RAW ANIMAL LIVER
INFECTIVE STAGE:
 ADULTS IN CYSTIC
CERCARIAE INVADE THE
CAVATIES IN LUNGS
CRUSTACEAN AND ENCYST
LAY EGGS WHICH ARE
INTO METACERCARIAE
INGESTION OF INADEQUATELY EXCRETED IN
COOKED OR PICKLED SPUTUM.
LUNG FLUKE DIAGNOSTIC STAGE:
CRUSTACEANS CONTAINING
RECOVERY OF
METACERCARIAE  ALTERNATELY EGGS
UNEBRYONATED EGGS
ARE SWALLOWED
PASSED IN FECES OR IN
AND PASSED WITH
SPUTUM
STOOL.

PARASITE
SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM ORIENTAL BLOOD FLUKE
SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI MANSON BLOOD FLUKE
SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM
Articuna, Rain Roniel Johyce
BMLS 2F
TREMATODES: BLOOD FLUKES
COMMON NAME MODE OF TRANSMISSION INFECTIVE STAGE GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
INFECTIVE STAGE:
FREE-SWIMMING CERCARIAE
RELEASED FROM SNAIL TO
WATER
SKIN PENETRATION SMALL LATERAL TUBERCLE
DIAGNOSTIC STAGE:
EGGS SHED FROM INFECTED
HUMAN IN FECES
INFECTIVE STAGE:
FREE-SWIMMING CERCARIAE
RELEASED FROM SNAIL TO
 GROSSLY
WATER
SKIN PENETRATION TUBERCULATED
 LATERAL SPINE
DIAGNOSTIC STAGE:
EGGS SHED FROM INFECTED
HUMAN IN FECES
INFECTIVE STAGE:
FREE-SWIMMING CERCARIAE
RELEASED FROM SNAIL TO
 FINELY
WATER
BLADDER FLUKE SKIN PENETRATION TUBERCULATED
 TERMINAL SPINE
DIAGNOSTIC STAGE:
EGGS SHED FROM INFECTED
HUMAN IN URINE
Articuna, Rain Roniel Johyce
BMLS 2F
Articuna, Rain Roniel Johyce
BMLS 2F
Articuna, Rain Roniel Johyce
BMLS 2F
Articuna, Rain Roniel Johyce
BMLS 2F