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Introduction to Counseling: Voices from the Field 8th Edition – Ebook PDF Version full chapter instant download
Introduction to Counseling: Voices from the Field 8th Edition – Ebook PDF Version full chapter instant download
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vi CONTENTS
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CONTENTS vii
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viii CONTENTS
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CONTENTS ix
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x CONTENTS
Assessment 200
Exploration 200
Understanding 201
Action 201
Evaluation 202
Being Intentional and Consistent 202
Summary 203
Self-Guided Explorations 203
For Homework 203
Suggested Readings 204
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CONTENTS xi
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xii CONTENTS
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CONTENTS xiii
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xiv CONTENTS
Summary 365
Self-Guided Explorations 366
For Homework 366
Suggested Readings 367
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CONTENTS xv
INDEX 526
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Copyright 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Preface
This text was originally created out of a very personal need to create a student-
centered introduction to our field. We felt frustrated at times because the personal-
ized warmth and sensitivity that are the basis of our profession have not been
reflected in academic experiences. Too often, education emphasizes theoretical
knowledge and scholarly inquiry to the exclusion of student involvement. It has
been our intention that this book would not only meet the stringent demands of
scholarship but also provide a lively and dynamic overview of the counseling pro-
fession that fully engages the student in the process.
This text speaks directly to you, the student; it challenges you to explore your
personal motives for choosing counseling as your area of interest and helps you to
personally integrate much of the research and theoretical concepts. More than ever
before, the voices of beginning and experienced counselors are used to reflect the
realities of practice, make the ideas come alive, and help you personalize the con-
tent in such a way that it becomes immediately applicable to your life. In fact,
there is no other profession that not only allows you to personalize concepts to
your own life but encourages you to do so; almost everything you read about in
this text has implications and applications to what you do on a daily basis. You
will find innumerable ways to improve immediately not only your counseling skills
but also your personal relationships.
xvii
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xviii PREFACE
It is so often the relationships we develop with people that become the founda-
tion for a meaningful effort to change. This is as true in relationships between
authors and readers as it is between a counselor and clients, or between an instruc-
tor and students. More than ever before, we strive to connect with readers in such
a way that they are likely to explore the process of counseling as well as its
content.
In order to make the complex conceptual ideas of counseling come alive, the
book contains over 150 “Voices from the Field.” In these excerpts from interviews,
beginning and experienced practitioners speak openly and honestly about the chal-
lenges they face and the ways they have resolved difficulties. They present practical
advice based on their experiences. When these voices are added to those of the
authors, readers are exposed to the realities of counseling practice in such a way
that they can make informed choices about where and how to practice new skills
and knowledge. You would be well advised to use this material as a springboard
for your own interviews with practitioners.
One of the assignments we routinely give when we teach this class is to ask
students to interview a minimum of 6 to 10 counselors in the field, representing at
least three different specialty areas. We can think of few other learning experiences
that are more revealing than talking to people who are doing what you someday
hope to do yourself. Ask them for advice. Find out what they love and hate about
their work. It is not unusual that you will even make contacts that may someday
turn into an internship placement or even a job offer.
The end of each chapter contains a series of experiential and reflective exer-
cises that will further help you to personalize material. These introspective activi-
ties can be a used as a structured journal in which you can apply to your own life
the concepts discussed in class and in the text. In addition, these activities may be
helpful as questions to be explored in cooperative learning groups in class.
Whether you use the exercises or not, you will find it helpful to use a journal
throughout the semester to keep track of important ideas, make sense of complex
ideas, and personalize material in a way that is useful to you.
WHAT TO EXPECT
Introduction to Counseling: Voices from the Field is designed for initial courses
in human service programs that have titles such as “Principles of Counseling,”
“Professional Orientation,” “Counseling Theory and Practice,” “Introduction to
Helping,” and “Human Resource Development.” The book emphasizes the devel-
opment of a professional identity, ethical standards for practice, basic process
skills, the counseling relationship, personal theory building, and understanding of
meaningful research. We are also especially concerned with presenting a contempo-
rary “cutting-edge” focus on the practical realities of counseling. Too often stu-
dents complain that their courses and texts did not prepare them for the daily grit
and grind of what it means to be a counselor.
Particular attention is devoted to the major specialties and diverse settings in
which counseling takes place, such as schools and clinics and medical, industrial,
mental health, community agency, and private-practice settings. We quite deliberately
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PREFACE xix
made the size of the book realistic for a semester’s work and planned the number and
length of chapters to be manageable for the student struggling to digest a new world
of terminology and concepts.
The book is organized into four broad focus areas: professional identity fac-
tors, theoretical and research foundations, counseling applications, and issues in
professional practice. Whereas the first two sections (Chapters 1 through 8) help
you to learn the foundations of counseling, the latter two sections (Chapters 9
through 15) apply these concepts to the various specialties within the field. You
are thus encouraged to master the field’s basic theory and research, become famil-
iar with the generic counseling skills, and begin thinking about the realities of
developing a flexible specialty, making yourself marketable, finding suitable
employment, and staying passionately committed to the profession.
WHAT’S NEW
One of the most exciting and disorienting aspects of counseling is how rapidly the
field changes. This evolution in theory and research parallels the changes that prac-
titioners experience so often. As professional counselors, we sometimes wish we
could send “recall notices” to all the clients we’ve seen in the past, notifying them
that however we may once have helped them, the method is now obsolete and they
should return for new, improved methods that no longer resemble the ways we
once operated.
Consistent with the mood of our times, we continue to emphasize a philosophy
of counselor education and training that Jeffrey and his friend and coauthor, Bob
Brown (now deceased), first proposed a number of years ago—one that is integra-
tive and pragmatic and that seeks to combine the best of existing approaches. As in
previous editions, the text includes detailed discussions on today’s major issues:
multicultural sensitivity, historical roots of our profession, current counseling inter-
ventions, licensure and credentialing, constructivist thinking, family violence, sexism
and age discrimination, computer applications, managed care and brief therapies,
legal and ethical conflicts, and gender issues, to name a few.
For this edition, we have added a number of new and exciting features:
• The chapter on insight-oriented theories has been significantly expanded to
include attachment theory, reflecting the increasing impact attachment theory
is having on our field as both a way of conceptualizing client difficulties and
understanding what goes on between client and counselor in the counseling
relationship.
• The chapter on addictions and psychopharmacology now begins with a new
section on the basics of neuroscience. The field of neuroscience has become
increasingly significant in counseling research and is shedding light on the bio-
logical underpinnings of the issues clients face. This section provides a basic
understanding of how the neurotransmitter system and key brain structures
work—the most important aspects of neuroscience for counselors.
• This edition now covers the DSM-5, instead of its predecessor, the DSM-
IV-TR. This comprehensive introduction to the DSM-5 provides a basic
understanding of how to use it in diagnosing clients, reviews the ethical issues
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xx PREFACE
surrounding the use of the DSM, and, in case vignettes, demonstrates the
impact the DSM can have on the lives of clients.
• The section on evidence-based practice in Chapter 7 has been revised to reflect
the rapid movement in all the mental health fields toward selecting treatments
whose efficacy is supported in empirical research. The section offers help to the
reader in implementing evidence-based practices. Finally, it addresses the con-
troversy over what constitutes “evidence-based,” as well as reviewing concerns
raised in the counseling literature over the selection of treatments based on
statistical studies.
• The role of the Internet and telehealth in the counseling field has been signifi-
cantly revised and expanded throughout the text, including the section on
e-therapy in the chapter on settings. Also revised are the discussion of the latest
thinking on Internet addiction and treatment in the chapter on addictions; and
the review of the ethical issues associated with telehealth in the chapter on ethics.
• The chapter on culture now contains stories of how actual counselors are put-
ting social justice advocacy into action through the projects they have devel-
oped and implemented throughout the United States.
• The entire book has been completely updated with over 150 new references
and expanded lists of suggested readings that include fiction, nonfiction, and
films, in addition to counseling and social science literature.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We want to thank the “Voices from the Field” who agreed to be interviewed for
this book and who were willing to be so honest and open about their experiences
in the trenches. More than anything else in this text, it is your stories that give life
and realism to the theory, research, and concepts presented.
We are grateful for the assistance of Steve Bornstein, Jennifer Cunningham,
and Ashley Faytol, who helped with the research for this edition.
We appreciate the helpful suggestions of those who reviewed the manuscript:
Chaunda Scott (University of Detroit), Mercy Sally Hage (Columbia University),
Cyrus Ellis (Governors State University), Lisa Hawley (Oakland University),
Mike Chaney (Oakland University), Jesse DeEsch (Rider University), and Trevor
Milliron (Lee University).
We are also grateful to the following faculty members who provided input and
feedback: Dana Comstock (St. Mary’s University), Leila Vaughn (Troy University),
Frank Browning (Troy University), Conni Sharp (Pittsburg State University), Jean
Jirovec (Lakeland College), Casey Tobin (Troy University), Sandra Lopez-Baez
(University of Virginia), Mary Kesler (Winona State University), Karen Estrella
(Lesley University), Bill Schiller (Northeastern State University), Shane Haberstroh
(University of Texas at San Antonio), Shawn Spurgeon (Western Kentucky University),
Kan Chandras (Fort Valley State University), Bill McManus (North Greenville
University), Joy Whitman (DePaul University), Yolanda Turner (Eastern University),
Debra Wilson (Troy University), David Kleist (Idaho State University), Heather
Lyons (Loyola College in Maryland), Donald Nims (Western Kentucky University),
Nancy Nolan (Vanderbilt University), Adam Zagelbaum (Sonoma State University),
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PREFACE xxi
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
Introduction to Counseling: Voices from the Field is accompanied by a wide array
of supplements prepared to create the best possible learning environment for both
the instructor and the student, inside and outside the classroom.
Online Instructor’s Resource Manual with Test Bank. The manual includes
tips for instructors on how to best utilize this text, discussion questions and a test
bank that contains multiple-choice questions.
The CourseMate for Introduction to Counseling: Voices from the Field brings
course concepts to life with interactive learning, study, and exam preparation tools
that support the printed textbook. Access an integrated eBook, quizzes, and more
in the CourseMate for Introduction to Counseling: Voices from the Field. Go to
CengageBrain.com to register or purchase access.
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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
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About the Authors
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Another random document with
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has sido tan amada, y separarte de estos chicos que has criado y que
como a madre te miran?...
El padre Alelí fijó en ella sus ojos, ávidos de leer en los de la joven
lo que de su alma saliese al rostro, si es que algo salía. El buen fraile
que a pesar de su decrepitud, ocasionada a perturbaciones mentales
conservaba algo de su antigua penetración, creyó ver en Sola una
pena muy viva. Esto le hacía sonreír, diciendo para su sayo: «mujercita
tenemos».
—Don Benigno no se casará —dijo ella—. ¿Será posible que caiga
en tan mala tentación? Yo de mí sé decir que si salgo de esta casa me
moriré de pena; tan tranquila, tan considerada y tan feliz he vivido en
ella. Y luego, estos diablillos del cielo, como yo les llamo; estos
muchachos, a quienes quiero tanto sin ser míos, y no tengo mejo
gusto que ocuparme de ellos... No, digo que don Benigno no se
casará. Sería un disparate; ya no está en edad para eso.
—¿Qué dices ahí, tontuela? —exclamó Alelí incorporándose con
enojo—. ¿Conque mi amigo no está en edad de casarse? ¿Es acaso
algún viejo chocho? ¿Está por ventura enfermo? No, más sana y
limpia está su persona y su sangre noble que la de todos esos
mozuelos del día.
Esto decía, cuando Juan Jacobo, cansado de estarse quieto tanto
tiempo y no teniendo interés en la conversación, empezó a tirarle de
los bigotes al gato, que dormido estaba en la falda del fraile. Sentirse
el animal tan malamente interrumpido en su sueño de canónigo y
empezar a dar bufidos y a sacar las uñas, fue todo uno. Alborotose e
fraile con los rasguños, y dio un coscorrón al chico; Sola le aplicó dos
nalgadas, y todo concluyó con enfadarse el muchacho y coger el gato
en brazos y marcharse con él a un rincón, donde le puso el sombrero
del mercedario para que durmiera.
—Eso es, sí, está mi sombrero para cama de gatos —refunfuñó
Alelí.
—¡Jesús qué criatura!... Le voy a matar —dijo Sola amenazándole
con la mano—. Trae acá el sombrero.
Juan trajo el sombrero, y aprovechándose del interés que en la
corversación tenían el fraile y la joven, rescató su molinillo y su
bandeja y bajó a la tienda para escaparse a la calle.
—Vaya con la tonta —dijo Alelí continuando su interrumpido tema
—. ¡Si Benigno es un muchacho, un chiquillo...! ¡Si me parece que fue
ayer cuando le vi arrastrándose a gatas por un cerrillo que hay delante
de su casa...! ¡Qué piernazas aquellas, qué brazos y qué manotas
tenía! ¡Y cómo se agarraba al pecho de su madre, y qué mordidas le
daba el muy antropófago! Yo le cogía en brazos y le daba unos
palmetazos en los muslos... Sabrás que fui al pueblo a restablecerme
de unas intermitentes que cogí en Madrid cuando vine a las elecciones
de la Orden. Entonces conocí al bueno de Jovellanos, un Voltaire
encubierto, dígase lo que se quiera, y al conde de Aranda, que era un
Pombal español, y a mi señor don Carlos III, que era un Federico de
Prusia españolizado...
—Al grano, al grano.
—Justo es que al grano vayamos. Cuando Nicolás Moratín y yo
disputábamos...
—Al grano.
—Pues digo que Benigno es un mozalbete. ¿No ves su arrogancia
su buen color, sus bríos? Bah, bah... Oye una cosa, hijita: Benigno se
casará, tú te quedarás sola, y entonces será bien añadir a tu nombre
otra palabra, llamándote Sola y Monda en vez de Sola a secas. Pero
aquí viene bien darte un consejo... ¿Sabes, hija mía, que me está
entrando un sueño tal, que la cabeza me parece de plomo?
—Pues deme su reverencia el consejo y duérmase después —
repuso ella con impaciencia.
—El consejo es que te cases tú también, y así, del matrimonio de
Benigno no podrá resultar ninguna desgracia... ¡Qué sueño, santo
Dios!
Sola se echó a reír.
—¡Casarme yo!... Qué bromas gasta el padrito.
—Hija, el sueño me rinde... no puedo más —dijo Alelí luchando con
su propia cabeza, que sobre el pecho se caía, y tirando de sus propios
párpados con nervioso esfuerzo para impedir que se cerraran cua
pesadas compuertas.
—Otro cigarrito.
—Sí..., chupetón..., humo —murmuró Alelí, cuya flaca naturaleza
era bruscamente vencida por la necesidad del reposo.
XIII