Lahore Grammar School

Landmark Project

Islamiyat

Grade VI
2nd Term

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Section: ______________________

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 Table of Content

Serial Unit Chapter Page No.

No.
1 3 Seerat-E-Tayyaba ‫ﷺ‬ 3

2 6 The Sources of Guidance and 24

Important Personalities of Islam
3 7 Islamic Teachings and 43
Contemporary Requirements

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 Unit 3:

Seerat-e-Tayyaba (‫)ﷺ‬

(A) Months and years of the Prophet's reign (Madni Era)

Chapter 1: The Prophet Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬, the Messenger of Allah (‫ )ﷺ‬and the Establishment of Madni
Society.
Chapter 2: Establishment of the State of Madinah
Chapter 3: Consolidation of the State of Madinah
Jihad and the Battle of Badr
Chapter 4: The Battle of Uhud

(B) The Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬and our practical life.

Chapter 1: The Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬and his good conduct with the children.
Chapter 2: Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬and his Pledge

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 (A) Months and years of the Prophet's reign (Madni Era)
Chapter 1
The Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬, the Messenger of God ( ‫ )ﷺ‬and the Establishment of Madni
Society.
Learning Outcomes
Students will
-Become aware of the role of the people of Madni People upon the arrival of The Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬in Madina.
(construction of the Quba Mosque, reception, etc.).
-can learn about the construction of the Masjid e Nabvi and its Importance during the Reign of the Prophet ( ‫)ﷺ‬.
-understand the problems and difficulties faced by Muslims after migration.
-Be Introduced to the companions of Suffah and can benefit in their practical life by being aware of their educational,
preaching and Da'wah activities.
-Be able to review the educational and social importance of Masjid e Nabwi ‫ﷺ‬
_Explain the Establishment of Madni Society in the light of Muwakhat Madinah,
-Learn the universal concept of fraternity and brotherhood can be understood and implemented in their practical
life.
-To understand the real spirit of the establishment of Madani society and play their role in the betterment of the
society.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
In the thirteenth year of Prophethood, by the command of Allah Almighty, the Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬migrated to Madinah.
He left for Madinah with Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique ‫ ﷺ‬. The people of Madinah had received the information about
the departure of the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬and they eagerly awaited his arrival.

Construction of Masjid Quba

The Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬came to the settlement called Quba, and the people of Madinah decorated their weapons
according to their custom and raised slogans of Allahu Akbar with great enthusiasm, and came out to welcome him.
In Quba He came to the house of Banu Umer bin Awff. He built a mosque there which is called Masjid-e-Quba.
Allah in the Holy Qur’an has described the glory of this mosque as follows:
ِ‫ق أ َ ْن تَقُو َم فِيه‬
ُّ ‫علَى الت َّ ْق َوى مِ ْن أَ َّو ِل َي ْو ٍم أ َ َح‬
َ ‫أيس‬ ْ ‫لَ َم‬
َ ‫س ِجد‬
Translation:
However, the mosque whose foundation was laid on piety from the very first day (is) more entitled that you enter
it. (Surah Toba:108)

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Masjid e Quba is the first mosque that the Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬built. The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬took part in its construction himself.
He stayed in Quba for a few days and then left for Madina. On the way he prayed and gave a sermon in the vicinity
of Bani Salim bin Awff. It was the first Friday prayer and the first Sermon.
Reception in Madinah and the construction of the Prophet's Mosque
When The Prophet Muhammad (‫)ﷺ‬, and his Companions left for Madinah, people from the Quba to Madina
Munawara were on the roads, and on the roofs of the houses, to welcome the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬. On the way, people were
shouting Allahu Akbar with joy. Innocent girls were reciting welcome poems in honour of the Holy Prophet ‫ﷺ‬, with
joy and happiness.
َ ‫طلَ َع ا ْلبَد ُْر‬
‫علَ ْينَا‬
ِ ‫مِ ْن ثَنِيَّا‬
‫ت ا ْل َودَاع‬
‫لِل دَاع‬
ِ ِ ‫َما َدعَا‬
‫علَ ْينَا‬
َ ‫ش ُك ُر‬
ُّ ‫َب ال‬
َ ‫َوج‬
Translation:
The fourteenth moon rose on us from the hollows of Kuv Dawa.
We are obliged to give thanks as long as there remains even one person who calls upon Allah.

Ahadith of the Prophet ( ‫)ﷺ‬

Whoever performs ablution in his house, then comes to the Masjid Quba and prays in it, will be rewarded good
deeds equal to one umrah. (Sunan Ibn Majah: 1413)
On the way, the tribes of the Ansar would come and request the Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬to stay with them! The
Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬said: My camel is bound by the command of Allah. Where she goes, there I will stay. So,
the camel went in front of the house of Hazrat Abu Ayyub Ansari, RA and the prophet stayed at his house.
After the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬arrived in the Madinah, the first work done by the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬was the construction of the Masjid-
e-Nabawi. The land purchased for the construction of Masjid Nabawi, belonged to children named Sahil and Sohail.
They wished to give it free of charge, but the Messenger of Allah ‫ ﷺ‬did not accept this and paid. He ‫ ﷺ‬took part
even in its construction. He picked up stone and bricks with the Companions. The walls of this mosque were made
of raw bricks. Its roof was made of palm saplings and its pillars were of palm trunks.
Adjacent to the mosque, compounds were also built for the wives of the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬, and a canopied platform was
built next to the mosque, which was called "Suffahh". Those companions who did not have a house lived there.
These Companions of the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬, received education and training directly from the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬. They were called
“Ashab e Suffah” This shows how much importance he attached to education and training. For the sake of education
and propagation of religion, the companions of the Prophet (‫ ) ﷺ‬who went to remote areas were mostly companions
of the Suffah. It was the school of Islam where the important work of teaching, preaching and training of Islam was
done. The provision of food and drink for the Companions of Suffah was taken by the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬and his
companions. Masjib-e-Nabvi was the first grand centre of Islam where various affairs were performed along with
the performance of prayers.
Here, Muslim affairs were consulted, in the light of equality, and justice and decisions were made to solve various
problems. Delegations of foreign states were met, agreements were made and from here delegations were sent to
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other areas. The location, rank and status of Masjid Nabawi is very high. After the Kabah, the second most important
mosque for Muslims is Masjid e Nabawi, where the reward of one prayer is equal to a thousand prayers. A huge
problem in front of the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬was regarding the settlement of the emigrants who had migrated from Makkah
in a state of destitution. However, to solve this problem, the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬, gathered the Ansar and the emigrants at the
house of Hazrat Anas bin Malik (RA) and addressed the Ansar and said, "These are your brothers." Then He (‫)ﷺ‬
called the Muhajirin and the Ansar alternately and called them brothers. In this way, the Holy Prophet Muhammad
‫ ﷺ‬established an ideal relationship of brotherhood between the Ansar and the emigrants, which is called
“Mawakhat". The Ansar maintained this relationship very generously. Every Ansari took his Muhajir brother to
his house, made him a sharer not only in housing and food, but also offered to give him half of the land and property
and wanted his lands and gardens to be divided equally, but the Muhajirin self-respect did not allow them to take
more than needed. They made trade their profession and contented themselves with taking only as much as they
needed from their Ansar brothers. The Ansars are an example for all mankind for the sake of their emigrant brothers.
Allah says in the Quran:
‫س ِه ْم َولَ ْو كَانَ بِ ِه ْم‬ َ َ‫ُور ِه ْم حَاجَةً ِمنَا أُوت ُوا َويُؤْ ثِ ُرون‬
ِ ُ‫علَى أَ ْنف‬ ِ ‫صد‬ُ ‫سانَ مِ ْن َق ْب ِل ِه ْم يُحِ بُّونَ َم ْن َهاج ََر الَ ْي ِه ْم َو ََل يَ ِجدُونَ فِي‬
َ ‫اإلن‬ َ ‫ََ الَّ ِذينَ تَبوء والد‬
ِ ‫َّار َو‬
‫َخصَاصَة‬
Translation:
And (as well as the wealth is for the Ansar) who already resided in this place (Madinah Munawwarah) and are on
(steadfast) faith, they love those who migrated to them and they do not find any demand in their hearts for that
(wealth) that is given to them (emigrants) and they prefer (them) to themselves even though they themselves are in
dire need. (Surah al-Hashir: 9)
The initiative of Muwakhat-e-Madinah was a very important step towards the establishment of Madani society,
which caused the stability of this society. We should understand the real spirit of establishing civil society, play our
role in the improvement of society, education, preaching and work on brotherhood and Muwakhat.
EXERCISE
Question 1
Tick ( ) on the correct answer.
1. Those educated in Suffah were called:
a) Companions of Sitah b) Companions of the cave c) Companions of the grave d) Companions of Opinion

2. Quba was the name of:

a) a neighborhood b) village c) a city d) a nation

3. After the Kabah second important Mosque is

a) Masjid Quba b) Masjid Qiblatin c) Masjid al-Nabawi d) Al-Aqsa Masjid

4. Built with the Masjid e Nabvi was:

a) A room b) a courtyard c) a platform d) a road

5. The ______________ was established between the Ansar and the Muhajireen
a) Family b) Friendship c) business d) Muwakhat

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Question 2
Write short answers to the following questions.
1. In Quba, the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬stayed with which family?
2. Allah has described the glory of which mosque in Surah Al-Tawbah?
3. Who were the "Companions of Suffah"?
4. Why did the Messenger of God, Hazrat Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬establish a relationship of brotherhood between the
emigrants and the Ansar?
5. What lessons do we learn from Muwakhat Madinah?
Question 3
Write detailed answers to the following questions.
1. Write in your own words the scene of the reception of the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬in Madinah.
2. What do you know about the construction of the Prophet' (‫ )ﷺ‬s Mosque and its central position?
Activities for students
Make a list of the names of the companions of Madinah.

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 Chapter 2
Establishment of the state of Madinah
Learning outcomes
Students will be able to:
• In the light of the concept of the Islamic state, know the purpose of the establishment of the state of Madinah.
• It is related to the sacrifice of the Ansar in the resettlement of the refugees.
• To learn about internal and external threats to the state of Madinah and the defence measures of the Prophet
Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬
• To become familiar with Messaq e Madina, its background, and its Important points.
• The incident of change of Qibla and its causes
• To understand the obedience and acceptance to the Messenger of Allah ‫ﷺ‬.
• To review the benefits obtained as a result of the Treaty of Madinah.
• Keeping the example of the state of Madinah in front, they can play their role in the implementation of the
rules and regulations of the beloved country.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
The mission of The Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬was to convey the message of Allah to all the world. For this purpose,
he and his Companions ‫ ﷺ‬were patient with the cruelty of the polytheists in Makkah. Till the Permission to Migrate
was granted to the Prophet (‫ )ﷺ‬from Allah the Exalted.
When the Messenger of Allah migrated to Madinah, the people there welcomed him warmly, assured him of their
support, and took an active part in accepting Islam. They recognized Him ( ‫ )ﷺ‬as their leader.
The Prophet of Allah wanted to establish a state here that would be the center of Islam, from here spread the call of
Islam and implement its teachings.
Do you know?
The old name of Madina was “Yasrab”.
In this way, they can present the Islamic state of Madinah as a model for the whole world and convey the peaceful
message of Islam to the corners of the world. Therefore, the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬established the state of Madinah for the
implementation of the sovereignty of God Almighty on this earth.
The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬took many steps in connection with the establishment of this state. After the construction of mosques,
the problem of resettlement of the refugees was solved in a good manner. Ansar recognized the refugees as their
brothers. The Ansar gave half of their property and all their equipment to their Muhajir brother while expressing a
great example of brotherhood and sacrifice. After that, defensive measures were taken to deal with internal and
external threats to the state of Madinah. The two tribes here, Aus and Khazraj, were united by the blessing of Islam.

There was a group of Jews in Madinah who were engaged in conspiracies against Muslims from time to time on
anti-Islamic grounds. Later, a group of hypocrites appeared as well. The hypocrites were apparently wearing the
cloak of Islam, but they did not want to leave any chance of harming the Muslims. Abdullah bin Abi, the leader of
the hypocrites, was jealous and hated the Muslims. However, it was very important to maintain peace and order by
removing internal and external threats to the stability of this Islamic state.

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Covenant of Madinah
The Messenger of Allah‫ ﷺ‬made a historic agreement with the tribes and Jews who occupied the sides of Madinah,
which was called "the Treaty of Madinah". The purpose of this treat was to uplift justice, unity against cruelty,
defence against external attackers, freedom in religious matters, help the weak, and to have easy access of Justice
and equality for all. The main provisions of this treaty were:
(1) The practice of blood money and fidya was to be maintained.
(2) The Jews will have religious freedom.
(3) There will be friendly relations between the Jews and the Muslims.
(4) If the Jews or the Muslims have to fight with someone, both sides will fight each other.
(5) No party will give shelter to non-Muslim Qureshi.
(6) In case of attack on Madinah, all parties will fight the attackers together.
(7) If one party reconciles with an enemy the other party will also agree to it.
(8) All disputes and differences will be decided by the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬
By signing the Treaty of Madinah, the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬made Madinah such a state which safeguards the religion and
faith, honor and dignity, and life and property of all its inhabitants. It was a step towards a peaceful society which
would have an impact not only on the Arabs but also on the whole world. In this state of Madinah, thanks to these
measures, the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬could better proclaim the call of monotheism, implement and spread the religion.
Qibla delivery
The last Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬prayed facing the first Qibla, i.e. Bayt al-Maqdis, for about sixteen and seventeen months after
his arrival in Madinah. It was the wish of the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬that the Son of God, i.e. Masjid Haram, should be declared
the Qibla of Muslims. Therefore, Allah sent down a revelation which is mentioned in the Holy Qur'an as follows:
َ ‫ْث َما كُنت ُ َْم َف َولُّواَ ُو ُجو َه ُك َْم‬
‫ش ْط َرهَُۥ‬ َ ََ‫َ َفلَنُ َو ِّليَنَّكََ ِّق ْبلَةَ ت َ ْرض َٰىهَاَۚ َف َو َِّل َو ْجهَك‬
ْ ‫ش ْط ََر ٱ ْل َم‬
َِّ ‫س ِّج َِّد ٱ ْلح ََر‬
َُ ‫امَۚ َو َحي‬
Translation:
So We will certainly turn you to the Qiblah which you like. So (from now on) turn your faces towards Masjid Haram
and (Muslims!) Wherever you are, turn your faces (for prayer) towards it (Masjid al-Haram). (Surat al-Baqarah:
144)

In 2 Hijri, when the command of Qibla direction was revealed, The Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬, the Messenger of Allah,
the scholar of the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬changed the direction toward Bait ul Allah during the prayer. The people of Banu
Salama were praying in their mosque facing Bayt al-Maqdis. As soon as they got this news, they all turned their
faces towards Bait Allah during the prayer. The news of the order reached and everyone followed it. But the
hypocrites started making pretexts, even though they followed the Messenger ‫ ﷺ‬so their true intentions became
known. Those who had strong faith passed this test because of their obedience. While polytheists, hypocrites and
Jews were unhappy about it, they started raising objections. But Muslims were well aware of the importance of
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surrendering to the command of Allah, so they obeyed the command of Allah without any hesitation. We should
also follow the commandments of Allah as it is to achieve success in this world and the hereafter.
Exercise
Tick ( ) on the correct answer.
1. The old name of Madinah was:
a) Yemama b) Yesrab c) Wajid d) Hajaz

2. The First Islamic State was established:

a) In Madiinah Munawarah b) in Makkah mukkarma c) in taif d) in yeman

3. The first Qibla of Muslims was:

a) Beit Allah b) Beit Al-Maqdis c) Qiblatin d) Masjib e Quba

4. The order of Qibla custody was revealed.

a) 1st Hijri b) 2 Hijri c) 3 Hijri d) 4 Hijri
Question 2
Write short answers to the following questions.
1. What was purpose of Mission of the Prophet (‫)ﷺ‬.
2. Who were the hypocrites and what did they do?
3. What did the people of Bani Muslimah do after hearing the order of Qibla custody?
4. Explain the purpose of establishing State of Madinah.
5. Write two advantages of the Covenant of Madinah.
Write details Answer for the following Questions.
1. What was the need for the Treaty of Madinah? Write the important provisions of this agreement.
2. Write the story of Qiblah in your own words.
Activity for students
Draw pictures of Qiblatain Mosque, Bait Al-Maqdis or Bait Allah on canvas and display them in the class room.
For teachers: Make it clear to the students "How did the Covenant of Madinah lead to the establishment and stability
of the state of Madinah? Also, explain the importance in simple words. Obedience to the direction of the Qibla, the
satisfaction of the Messenger ‫ ﷺ‬and Aftab and Salam." is mirrored, explain its importance to the students.

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 Chapter 3
Consolidation of the state of Madinah
Jihad and the Battle of Badr
Learning Outcomes.
Students will be able to:
• Understand the meaning of Jihad
• Understand the duty and virtue of Jihad.
Know the meaning of Gazwa and Sariya understand the difference between, the background of Ghazwat
Nabwi.
• Know the facts about the background, causes, preparation of Ghazwa Badr.
• Become Aware of the Prominent role of Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq (RA) and Hazrat Ali (RA) in the battle of
Badr.
• Know about the events of the Battle of Badr and the miracles that took place on this occasion.
• Understand the importance of education by treating the prisoners of Battle of Badr kindly.
• Know the results of Gazwah e Badr, he could evaluate the economic and political benefits that Muslims
received due to them.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
The meaning of Jihad is to strive. Literally, it means trying to uphold the religion of Allah and fighting against the
anti-Islamic forces. There are clear orders in the Holy Qur'an about the obligation of Jihad. Allah says:

‫علَ ْي ُك ُم ا ْل ِقتَا ُل‬

َ ‫ب‬
َ ِ‫ُكت‬
Translation:
Killings has been imposed on you (in the way of Allah). (Surat al-Baqarah: 212)
Those who do Jihad in the way of Allah are called Mujahid. There is a promise of great reward from Allah Almighty
for Mujahideen. Allah loves those who fight for His cause. Their abode is heaven, in which there will be all kinds
of blessings for them.
The Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬, the Messenger of Allah, the last Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬further said
“that the best believer is the one who fights with his life and wealth in the way of Allah.” (Sahih Bukhari: 2782)
He further said
“Fight against the polytheists with your wealth, with your lives and with your tongues.” (Sunan Abi Dawud: 2504)
Background and significance of Ghazwat
When the call and preaching of Islam began, the polytheists of Makkah inflicted countless hardships on the Prophet
‫ ﷺ‬and the companions of the Prophet (‫) ﷺ‬, but the Muslims acted patiently and did not defend themselves with
the sword. Eventually they had to migrate to Madinah. Despite this, the enmity of the Quraish did not decrease,
rather, they incited other Arab tribes to attack the state of Madinah and harm Islam. Therefore, now they started
threatening to destroy the Muslims, started looting from the nearby Muslims and started making preparations for
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the attack on Madinah Munawarah. It got to the point that Muslims used to sleep with their weapons ready at night
for their safety. During this time, Allah gave permission to the Holy Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬to fight against these tyrannical
forces in order to raise the word of truth. However, in this regard, the wars that took place with Quraish in Makkah
and other tribes are called Ghazwat or "Sarayah".
The battle in which the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬took Part is called d "Ghazwa" and the battle in which he sent a companion as
the leader of the Mujahideen, is called "Sir Yah".
Reasons and Preparations for the Battle of Badr.
Due to the threats and looting of the polytheists of Mecca, The Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬used to send small groups
of Muslims at different places in order to find out the movement of the enemy. At the same time, a trade caravan
under the leadership of Abu Sufyan, the head of Quraish Makkah, went to Syria. When this caravan left for Makkah,
Abu Sufyan feared that the Muslims would harm the caravan. He informed the Quraish of his apprehension and
changed his course. Through this news, the Quraish in Makkah got an opportunity, and they accelerated their
preparations to attack the Muslims.
When the Holy Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬came to know about the intentions of the Quraish of Makkah, he consulted the
companions of the Holy Prophet Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬. The emigrant companions of the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬made speeches and
expressed their allegiance. Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq (RA) gave a speech representing the refugees, in which he
expressed his determination to sacrifice his life and property in the way of Allah (SWT). Hazrat Sa'ad bin Mu'adh,
the chief of Ansar's tribe Aus, representing the Ansar, said that wherever the Holy Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬goes, we
will stay together. If we are ordered to jump into the sea, we will jump. With the declaration of support from the
Ansar, the Messenger of Allah, the Holy Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬was pleased. Then he left with three hundred and
thirteen Companions in the second Hijri in the month of Ramadan. There was a huge shortage of war equipment in
the Muslim army. On the other hand, the number of the army of the enemies of Islam was 1000, which was led by
Abu Jahl. Apart from this, his army was also equipped with war equipment.
The events of the Battle of Badr
On the 17th of Ramadan, on Friday, the Mujahideen and Lashkar Kaffar faced each other at the place of "Badr".
First of all, the Quraish chief Utbah bin Rabiyyah, his brother Shiba and his son Waleed came out to fight. Hazrat
Ubaidah bin Haris, Hazrat Hamza and Hazrat Ali (RA) came out against them and finished them off. Now the war
commenced properly. There were amazing scenes in Ghazwa Badr. Unprecedented cases of sacrificing blood
relations for the sake of faith took place. In front of Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) was his son, in front of Hazrat Umar
(RA) his maternal uncle came and Hazrat Abu Ubaidah (RA) faced his father.
Ahadith-e-Nabvi
The person who died, peace and blessings of God be upon him and his family and companions, and did not
fight jihad and did not intend to fight jihad in his heart, died in a type of hypocrisy. (Sahih Muslim (293)
Two young ansar brothers Hazrat Mu'az and Hazrat Mauz (RA) were waiting for Abu Jahal. They killed him as
soon as they saw him. The news of his death caused a panic in the infidels lines. Many leaders of the infidels were
killed one after another. After the killing of another infidel leader Umaiyah bin Khalif, the infidels could not
withstand the attacks of the Muslims and suffered a humiliating defeat.
Miracles of Ghazwa Badr
Allah mentioned the help of Muslims in the Battle of Badr as follows:
‫ّللُ بِّبَدْرَ َوأَنت ُ َْم أ َ ِّذلَّ َة‬
ََّ ‫َ َولَقَ َْد نَص ََر ُك َُم ٱ‬
Page 12 of 49
Translation:
And (Muslims) surely Allah has helped you even in Badr when you were few and far between. (Surah Al-
Imran: 123)
In this war, many miracles were also performed by Allah Almighty in support of the Muslims. For example, the
victory of 373 Muslims over an army of 1000 was a miracle of Allah. The night before the regular battle began,
heavy rains washed away the sand from the Mujahideen's encampment and provided them with favorable ground,
while the polytheists of Makkah spread in the encampment. In addition to this, Allah Almighty Sent down a
thousand angels to help the Muslims. The Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬saw Gabriel, took some pebbles in his fist and
threw them towards the army of the infidels, which fell on the eyes of the polytheists, and they felt the pebbles as
the sandstorm. Allah put the fear of Muslims in the hearts of the disbelievers, due to which they were defeated.
Results of the Battle of Badr
In this war, seventy people were killed from the infidels of Makkah , including twenty-four chiefs, many renowned
kufar were killed and many were captured by the Muslims. The Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬Rasulullah Khatam-ul-
Nabib, peace and blessings be upon him, ordered to treat all prisoners well. On the advice of the Companions, some
of the prisoners were released with a FIDIYAH. Those who could not pay fidiya due to poverty were released.
Among the prisoners who knew how to read and write, he ordered them to teach ten children to read and write, then
they would also be released. Thanks to this strategy of the Prophet Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬, education in Madinah flourished.
The victory of the Battle of Badr proved to be an important milestone for Islam and Muslims. This victory was
actually a religious and political victory for Muslims. Thanks to this, the other tribes became fearful of Muslims
attacking other tribes. Quraish chieftains who stood in the way of the progress of Islam got killed. The original
power of the Quraish was broken forever while the Muslims emerged as a political force. Thanks to this victory, a
lot of war booty fell into the hands of the Muslims. In return for the release of the prisoners, Fidya money was also
received, so they also benefitted from economic benefits.
Exercise
Tick ( ) on the correct answer.
1. The one who fights in the way of Allah is called:
a) Mujahid b) Soldier b) Warrior d) Spy

2. Ghazwah Badr happened in?

a) Shaban 2H b) Ramadan 2H c) Shawwal 3H d) Muharram 3H
3. The number of the Muslim army in the Battle of Badr was:
a) 313 b)323 c)314 d)315
4. The number of the enemies of Islam in the Battle of Badr was:
a) One thousand b) two thousand c) three thousand d ) four thousand
5. In the Battle of Badr, the infidels of Makkah were killed:
a) 10 b)20 c)40 d)80

Write short answers to the following questions.

Page 13 of 49
 1. Explain the meaning and significance of Jihad.
2. Wrote two Ahadiths on the merits and obligations of Jihad.
3. How many Muslim Mujahideen participated in the Battle of Badr and what was the number of the infidel
army?
4. By which words did Hazrat Saad bin Muadh (RA) assured his support?
5. Who killed Abu Jahl, the commander of the enemies of Islam, in the Battle of Badr?
Write detailed answers to the following questions.
1. Write the causes and consequences and miracle of the Battle of Badr.
2. What strategy was adopted for the prisoners captured in Ghazwa Badr? Also, how the results of the Battle of
Badr proved the best in favor of Muslims?
Chapter 4
The Battle of Uhud
Learning outcomes
Students will be able to:
• learn about the background, causes, advisors and war preparations of the landing.
• learn about the miracles and events that took place in the Battle of Uhud.
• be aware of the role of children and women in the Battle of Uhud.
• understand the results and effects of the Battle of Uhud and evaluate the political benefits of Delhi and the
Muslims.
• understanding the importance of counselling in the context of the Battle of Uhud, get guidance from it in your
life and be able to present a practical example.
__________________________________________________________________________
After the victory of the Muslims in the Battle of Badr and the defeat and destruction of the polytheists, the Quraish
in Makkah were in mourning. The killing of the great leaders of Quraish was a great loss and shock for them. They
wanted to take revenge at any cost for the loss of life and property in the Battle of Badr. Their women were also
stirring for revenge and actively participating in the preparations for the next battle.
Hazrat Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib (who had accepted Islam and was living in Makkah) was informed of the reasons
for the Uhud campaign by the Prophet Muhammad (‫)ﷺ‬. He wrote the details of his departure in a letter and sent it
to the service of the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬. The Prophet (‫ )ﷺ‬consulted the Companions. The young Companions insisted that
the war should be fought outside Madinah. The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬considered this opinion appropriate, and on the day of
Jummah, the 3rd of Shawwal, he left for Uhud with the Muslim army, where the Meccan army was already
encamped. During this time, the leader of the hypocrites, Abdullah bin Ubi, with his three hundred companions,
separated from the army and returned to Madinah to harm the Muslims. Now the number of Muslims was reduced
to only seven hundred while compared to them there were three thousand men in the army of the infidels of Makkah,
who were equipped with all kinds of weapons. Abu Sufyan led this army.

The events of the Battle of Uhud

Page 14 of 49
The Messenger of Allah ( ‫ )ﷺ‬placed Mount Uhud on his back and ordered the formation of the Mujahideen. The
Seal of the Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬gave knowledge to Hazrat Musab bin Umayr. He appointed Hazrat Zubair bin Awam (RA)
as the army chief. There was a fear that the enemy might attack from the back of Uhud, so the Prophet Muhammad
‫ ﷺ‬mounted a squad of fifty archers under the command of Hazrat Abdullah bin Jubayr (RA) and fixed on the pass
and said that no matter what the outcome of the war may be, never leave this place.
As soon as the war began, the Companions of the Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬displayed great bravery and turned the ranks of the
enemies upside down. Hazrat Hamza RA fought very bravely and went far into the ranks of the enemy. The slave
of Jabir bin Mut'am, the leader of the village of Quraish, was waiting for Hazrat Hamzah, he killed Hazrat Hamzah
with a spear. The successive attacks of Hazrat Ali (RA) and Hazrat Abu Dujana (RA) and other Jan Nisar
Companions (RA) destroyed the feet of the enemy and they ran away from the battlefield.
The archers stationed left the place thinking victory had been achieved. When Khalid bin Waleed saw the valley
empty, he turned around and attacked with his companions. Muslims started to scatter here and there due to this
sudden attack. Hazrat Musab bin Umayr RA who resembled the Seal of the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬was martyred, and the rumour
spread that he was the Seal of the Prophet and his companions were martyred. When Hazrat Ka'b bin Malik saw the
Prophet ‫ﷺ‬, he immediately addressed the Muslims and told them that he was there. Hearing this, the Muslims again
gathered and started to fight the enemy.
The troops of the followers were protecting the Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬and he was present on the battlefield with
great steadfastness. During this time, five companions of the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬were martyred while defending the scholar
of the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬. Hazrat Ali (RA), Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA), Hazrat Saad bin Abi Waqqas (RA), Hazrat Zubair (RA)
and Hazrat Talha (RA) the Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬and his Companions. To protect himself from the arrows, he took it in his
oat and started shooting arrows at the enemies. Swords were flying all around and arrows were raining. Hazrat Abu
Dujana (RA) also became a shield for the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬. Hazrat Talha RA stopped the blows of the swords on his hand
until one of his hands became paralyzed. The Seal of the Prophet was also injured, and the forgiveness of (himself)
the chains were cut into Mubarak's face and blood flowed from the face.
Now the Mujahideen went to the height of Uhud under a war strategy and they gathered near the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬. In this
battle, many companions were martyred, so Abu Sufyan thought that the contest was even and he had avenged the
victory of the Muslims in the Battle of Badr and the killing of their chiefs. He was happy and began to describe the
greatness of his idols. In such a situation, by the order of the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬, Hazrat Umar (RA) replied to him that Allah,
the Exalted, is the Highest, there is no equality between us and you, our martyrs are in Paradise and yours will go
to hell.
Women's Role In this War
Women's fathers, brothers, husbands and sons were sacrificed but they showed patience. When the blessed face of
The Prophet Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬, was injured, Hazrat Ali (RA) filled a shield with water and brought it to Hazrat Fatima
(RA) who washed the wound, but the blood didn’t stop, so he burnt a piece of mat and placed its ashes on the wound,
which stopped the bleeding. Hazrat Aisha (RA) and Hazrat Umm Salim (RA) filled the shield with

Allah's declaration
and do not consider those who are
killed in the way of Allah as dead,
but as alive (and) receiving
sustenance from their Lord.
(Surah Al-Imran): (129)
water and fed the wounded. Hazrat Umm Ammara, became a shield for
the Messenger of Allah and kept stopping the infidels with the blows of
his sword and arrows.
She was the one who wounded Ibn Qamiyyah who had reached to attack
the Messenger of Allah ‫ ﷺ‬.

Page 15 of 49
Results of the Battle of Uhud
Seventy Muslims were martyred in this war. Hazrat Hamza, the uncle of the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬was also included in them.
The enemy also desecrated the bodies of Hazrat Hamza (RA) and other martyred companions (RA). Allah exalted
his position and status and promised him a high position in Paradise. At that time, Muslims did not even have cloth
for the shroud of martyrs. Hazrat Musab bin Umayr (RA) could not cover his feet with the shroud, so finally he was
covered with grass. Two martyrs were buried in the same grave. The other Companions of the Prophet (‫ ) ﷺ‬returned
to Madinah with their wounds. Then, with the thought that the enemy would not attack the Muslims again, he said,
“Who will pursue them? They obeyed the order of the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬and his Companions, and a group of seventy
Companions of the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬set out in pursuit of the enemy, including Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique, and Hazrat
Zubair, Because of their pursuit, Abu Sufyan and his army did not dare to attack again and he went back.
In this battle, the army of Muslims was lined up in a very suitable place due to which the infidels could not take
advantage despite their numbers. This was the best political and war strategy of The Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬.
Mujahideen fought till the end, they did not surrender and no Muslim was captured by the enemy. A group of
Muslims attacked the enemy until the end, due to which the enemy had to leave the field. After that, due to the
pursuit of the Muslims, they could not even dare to attack again.
Exercise
Tick the correct option:
a) Uhud is the name of
• the field
• the valley
• the mountain
b) The battle of Uhud Occurred:
• in Shawwal
• in Zilhajj
• in Saffar
• in Rajab
c) The battle of Uhud occurred:
• In 2 Hijri
• In 3 Hijri
• In 4 Hijri
• In 5 Hijri
d) In the battle of Uhud, the number of the army of the disbelievers in Makkah was:
• 2 thousand
• 3 thousand
• 4 thousand
• 5 thousand
e) In the Battle of Uhud, Hazrat Umm Amara (R.A.) stopped the edge :
• with sword
• with hand
• with tongue

2) Write short answers to the following questions.

Page 16 of 49
 1. What did the polytheists want to take revenge from the Makkah Muslims?
2. What information did Hazrat Abbas send to prophet ( ‫?)ﷺ‬
3. The number of the Muslim army was 1000 then why it was reduced to 700?
4. What did the scholar of the prophets his Companions, say to Hazrat Abdullah bin Jabbeer, what was the
role played by the Companions in the Battle of Uhud?
3) Write the answers to the following questions in detail.
a) Explain the background and causes of Ghazwa Uhud.
b) Write the war preparations and events of Ghazwa Uhud.
Activities for students
Make a chart about Ghazwa e Uhud in which all the information (parties, numbers, important people, war equipment
martyrs etc.) are listed in order and displayed in the classroom.

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 (B) The Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬and Our Practical Life.
Chapter 1
The Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬and his Good Conduct with the Children.
Students will be able to:
• Learn about the Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬and his good conduct with the children.
• Learn about a few incidents of love and compassion with the children of the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬, especially with
Hazrat Hassan and Hussain (RA).
• Understand how the Prophet Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬, and his companions, used to organize the education of children.
(Especially the kinship of Hazrat Osama bin Zayd RA, Hazrat Anas bin Malik RA, and Hazrat Sayyidah
Imamah RA).
• Learn about the good behaviour of the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬with orphans. (Especially the children of Hazrat Jafar
Tayyar ‫)ﷺ‬.
• Learn about to practically follow the aspects of compassion, love and training of the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
The love of Muhammad, Messenger of Allah with the children
Remember
was exemplary. He ‫ ﷺ‬used to treat children with extreme
those who are treated with
compassion and kindness. This love and compassion were not
good behavior should be
only limited to Muslim children but also to children of supplicated by saying
polytheists. "Jazak Allah Khairah".
It was the custom of the Messenger of God ‫ ﷺ‬that whenever the new fruit of the harvest came, he would give it to
the youngest child first. During the journey, if he met a child, he would greet him and make him sit in the front or
back of the ride with him. Hazrat Jabir bin Samrah (RA) says that I once recited the prayers behind the Prophet (‫)ﷺ‬.
After finishing the prayer, he left for his house. I too started walking along with Prophet Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬, a few more
children came together. Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬loved me and the other children as well. (Mishkwat al-Masabih:
5789)
Love and compassion to Hazrat Hasnain (R.A)
The Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬, the Messenger of Allah, the last of the Prophets used to love Imam Hasan (RA) and
Imam Hussain (RA) immensely. Once, Hazrat Iqra bin Habs (RA) came to the service of the Prophet ( ‫)ﷺ‬. The
Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬was kissing the face of Hazrat Imam Hasan ‫ﷺ‬. Hazrat Iqra (RA) said, "I have ten children. I have never
kissed anyone."
The Messenger of Allah ‫ ﷺ‬said that the creature who does not love and shows mercy to mankind God will not show
mercy to them. (Sahih Bukhari: 5997)
The Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬used to put Hasnain Karimin on his chest and let them ride on his back. Once he (‫)ﷺ‬
was giving a sermon in the masjid, Hazrat Hasnain and Hassan came to him wearing a red shirt. Due to their young
age, their steps were staggering. The Messenger of Allah immediately got down from the pulpit and took them both
in his arms.

Page 18 of 49
The Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬, used to speak very kindly to Hazrat Osama bin Zayd R.A . Narrating the story of his
childhood, Hazrat Osama says that he used to let me sit on one knee and Hazrat Hasan on the other, and then he
would pray:
‫ار َح ْم ُه َما َف ِّإنِّي أ َ ْر َح ُم ُه َمَا‬
ْ ‫اللَّ ُه ََّم‬
Oh God, have mercy on them, for I have mercy on them. (Sahih Bukhari: 6003)
The Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬was very fond of Hazrat Sayyida Imama ( R.A) the young daughter of Hazrat Zainab
(RA). When the Prophet( ‫ )ﷺ‬would pray, sometimes she would ride on the shoulders of the Blessed One, at the time
of bowing, he would take them off and later let them get on again. After the death of Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬Hazrat Zainab
(RA) would show more kindness to her granddaughter Hazrat Imama (R.A).
Once upon a time, a gold necklace came to the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬in “Haddiya”. He (‫ )ﷺ‬as a sign of love and compassion
gave it to Hazrat Imama (R.A). Hazrat Anas (RA) remained in the service of the Prophet Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬, the
Messenger of Allah for ten years. The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬always spoke to him with love, compassion and kindness. Never
scolded him for anything, never said why he did it or why he didn’t for any kind of work.
Education and training of children
The Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬not only treated children with love, but also used to teach them. It is narrated by a
Sahabi, that I used to go to the oasis of the Ansar and beat the dates loose. People took me to the service of The
Prophet Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬. The Prophet ‫ﷺ‬, asked, "Why do you throw stone? I said, “ Have some dates”. The Messenger
of Allah said: "The dates that fall on the ground, pick them up and eat them, do not beat them loose." After saying
this, he put his hands on my head and prayed.
The Prophet (‫ )ﷺ‬used to teach the manners of eating to children at the dinner table. Once while teaching the manners
of eating to Hazrat Umar bin Abi Salama, The Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬said, "O child, when you start eating, start by saying
“Bismillah” and eat with your right hand and eat from in front of you." (Sahih Bukhari: 537)
Be kind to the Orphan Children:
The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬used to treat orphans with special compassion and kindness, and he used to preach the Ummah to
treat orphans well. When Hazrat Jafar Tayyar (RA) was martyred, The Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬ordered to prepare
food for the family of Jafar (RA), They had such a case which distracted them. (Sunan Abi Dawud: 3132, Sunan
Ibn Majah: (1610)). Hazrat Abdullah bin Jafar (RA) says that after the martyrdom of his respected father (Hazrat
Jafar Tayyar (RA)), the Prophet, peace and blessings of God be upon him and his companions would come to our
house and said, "Don't cry over my brother after today.” Then he said, 'Call my nephews to me.'" He said it as if
they were the children of his house. Hazrat Sahl bin Saad (R.A) narrates that the Messenger of Allah pointed to
his index finger and middle finger and said,

َِّ ِّ‫أَنَا َوكَافِّ َُل ا ْليَت‬

َِّ ‫يم فِّي ا ْل َجنَّ َِّة َك َهات َ ْي‬
‫ن‬
Translation: ‘I and the one who takes care of the orphan will be like them in Paradise.’ (Jami Tirmidhi:
1918)
The Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬taught his Ummah by talking about love and compassion towards children and taught
them that loving children is a natural act to which they are entitled to. We should treat children with love and
compassion, treat them with kindness, and encourage them to follow the religion of Islam, and the good deeds of
the Messenger of Allah ‫ﷺ‬.

Page 19 of 49
A. Mark (R) on the correct answer.
1. Should read before eating:
a) Tawaz b) Tasmiyah c) Kalma d) Tasbih

2. Loving children is an act:

a) Natural b) Unimportant c) Unnatural d) Unnecessary

3. It is important for children:

a) Playing b) House Chores c) well Groomed d) Business

4. Hazrat Zainab and Hazrat Imamah (RA) had a relationship:

a) Friend b) Mother–daughter c) Aunt–niece d)Paternal Aunt and Niece
5. We should not do this to children:
a) Grooming b) Encourage c) Motivation d) Discourage
Write short answers to the following questions.
Q1. What was the relationship between Hasnain Karimin RA with the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬.
Q2. Who did the Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬grant the gold necklace to?
Q3. How did the Prophet (‫ )ﷺ‬educate the children?
Q4. Hazrat Osama Bin Zayd (RA) narrated which incident of his childhood?
Q5. Write an incident of happiness and joy of the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬with the children.
C. Write detailed answers to the following questions.
Q1. Describe in your own words the good behavior of the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬towards children.
Q2. Write down two incidents of love and compassion of the Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬towards Hazrat Imam Hasan and Imam
Hussain RA.
Activities for students
Take turns telling stories of love and compassion with your younger siblings in the congregation room.
For teachers
Explain the lesson in story style. Why is kindness, love and compassion important to children, what is its importance
and also evaluate its positive effects on the children's personality. What style should be used to communicate with
children? Explain the advantages and disadvantages of being soft with children.

Page 20 of 49
 Chapter 2
Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬and his Pledge
Students will be able to learn:
-the meaning of keeping a pledge.
- a few examples of the pledge of The Prophet Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬
-a few examples of pledges taken from non-Muslims in the life of the Prophet ( ‫)ﷺ‬.
- to understand the facts about the training of the Companions of the Holy Prophet Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬
_and be able to evaluate the social benefits of keeping a promise and the disadvantages of breaking a pledge.
-by learning from the good life of the Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬and can adopt the quality of commitment from his
daily life.
__________________________________________________________________________
“Ayfay e Ahd” is an Arabic word. “Ayfay” means to fulfill and “Ahd” means "promise, confession or oath". In
religious terms it means to keep, abide by and fulfill a promise or covenant. Whether this promise was made to
Allah Almighty or the servants, the fulfilling promise is Ayfay e Ahd. Allah is the one who always fulfils His
promises. He also wants to see these qualities in his servants, so he orders:
َ‫َوا َ ۡوفُ ۡوا ِّب ۡالعَ ۡهد اِّنََّ ۡالعَ ۡه ََد كَانََ َم ۡسـُٔ ۡول‬
Translation: And fulfill the pledge, surely the pledge will be asked about. (Surat Bani Israel: 34)
Examples from Hayat -e- Tayyaba
In the matter of fulfilling the pledge, the example of The Prophet Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬, the Messenger of Allah, the
Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬is the best example for us. The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬always respected personal and national agreements. There are
many examples of fulfillment of vows in the Makkah and Madani life of the Holy Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬.
After the migration to Madinah, the Prophet, peace and blessings of God be upon him, made a peace treaty with
the Jews and other tribes, which was called the Treaty of Madinah. The Messenger of Allah ‫ ﷺ‬abided by this
agreement, but the Jews after a while, started violating this agreement.
Hazrat Abu Rafi (RA) was a Coptic slave. Once, came as an ambassador from the infidels of Makkah to the
Prophet Muhammad (‫)ﷺ‬. He was so impressed with the Prophet’s (‫ )ﷺ‬personality that he expressed his desire to
stay with him and accept Islam.
The last Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬said: “I do not break my covenant, nor do I withhold messengers. You go back and if you still
have the truth of Islam in your heart then come back.” (Sunan Abi Dawud: 2758)
So Hazrat Abu Rafi' went back and then came back and accepted Islam and became the servant of The Prophet
Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬.
The number of Muslims was very small in the Battle of Badr and the addition of one man was also important, but
just to keep the promise, The Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬sent two companions back from the Battle of Badr. Hazrat
Hudhayfah (RA) says that when I and my father Haseel bin Jabir (RA) were leaving Makkah, the Quraish caught
us and asked if you want to go to Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him and his companions)?
We said that we do not want to go to them, we only want to go to Madinah. On this, the disbelieving Quraish took
Page 21 of 49
this covenant and agreement from us in the name of Allah that we will go to Madinah, but you will not fight with
the Holy Prophet ‫ﷺ‬. Then when we reached the service of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him
and his companions and peace be upon him, and narrated all this incident, the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬said, "You two go back,
let us fulfill the covenant we made with them and will ask Allah Almighty for help. (Sahih Muslim: 4639)
The Prophet Muhammad Rasulullah the holy Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬never violated the agreement made with the infidels of
Makkah, the Peace treaty of Hudaybiyah instead encouraged the companion (R.A) to fulfill and obliged them not
to violate any of its conditions. But the infidels of Makkah were constantly guilty of breaking the covenant.
Finally, it was also announced by them to break this agreement.

Remember!

Fulfilling a promise is a characteristic of believers, while breaking a promise is a characteristic of hypocrites.

Advantages of Keeping a Promise and Disadvantages of Breaking Promises

Prophet Muhammad ( ‫ )ﷺ‬kept his promise on every occasion and taught his companions the same and discouraged
them from breaking their promises. He ( ‫ )ﷺ‬said He who does not keep his promise has no religion.” (Musnad
Ahmad: 5140)
Ayfay e Ahd is one of the attributes of the believers and bad faith is one of the human faults. However,
innumerable social benefits can be reaped by fulfilling the agreements made in debt repayment, mutual relations,
individual and collective life. This restores mutual trust and improves relations, closes the door of enmity and
increases business. A government can strengthen its relations with other countries and be on the path of
development by adhering to agreements related to defense, foreign and trade affairs of another government. While
breach of promise damages his reputation at individual, collective and government level.

It goes and the paths of development and happiness are closed. Breaking the covenant also causes the displeasure
of Allah. By fulfilling the promise, we can also get the pleasure of Allah along with the benefits of the Hereafter.
We should pledge our identity and avoid hypocrisy. This is because the Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬has called
breaking a promise one of the signs of hypocrisy.
Exercise
Tick on the correct answer.
a) Ayfay e Ahd means:
• to fulfill the time
• to fulfill the task
• to fulfill the promise
• to fulfill the question

b) On the occasion of the Battle of Badr, the infidels of Makkah stopped two companions of the Holy Prophet
Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬and let them go on the condition that they:
• They will not go to Madina,
• they will not join the war
• they will support the disbelievers of Makkah
Page 22 of 49
 • they will return

c) Hazrat Abu Rafi` was a slave:

• Egyptian
• Syrian
• Roman
• Coptic

d) According to the Ahadith of the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬, he who does not keep his promise has:
• No Religion
• No homeland
• No trust
• No friend

e) Breaking a promise is the sign of :

• Disbelief
• Polytheism
• Hypocrisy
• Enmity

Write short answers to the following questions.

a) What is the importance of pledge in Islam?
b) Write down one of the sayings of the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬and his companion regarding the fulfilment of the
covenant?
c) Why did Hazrat Huzaifa bin Yamaan and Hazrat Haseel bin Jabir (RA) not participate in the battle of
Badar?
d) Give two advantages of keeping a promise and two disadvantages of breaking a promise.
e) What commitments did you fulfill as a student? Write two examples.
Write detailed answers to the following questions.
a) Write a few incidents Ayfay e Ahd from the life of the Prophet Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬.
b) What are the social benefits of keeping a promise and the disadvantages of breaking a promise?
Activities for Students
Make a chart of Quranic verses and Ahadiths related to covenant and display it in the classroom. Organize a
group discussion on the benefits of covenants.

Page 23 of 49
 Unit 6
The Sources of Guidance and Important Personalities of Islam
Chapter 1: The Mothers of Believers
a) Hazrat Khadija (R.A)
b) Hazrat Ayesha (R.A)
c) Hazrat Sawdah (R.A)

Chapter 2: Descendants of The Holy Prophet ( ‫)ﷺ‬

a) Hazrat Qasim
b) Hazrat Ibrahim
c) Hazrat Abdullah
d) Hazrat Zainab
e) Hazrat Ruqqayya
f) Hazrat Umm-e-Kulsoom
g) Hazrat Fatima
Hazrat Fatima (RA)

Chapter 3: Companions of The Holy Prophet ( ‫)ﷺ‬

a) Hazrat Talha bin Ubaidullah
b) Hazrat Zubair bin Awwam
c) Hazrat Saad bin Abi Waqas
d) Hazrat Saeed bin Zaid
e) Hazrat Abu Ubaida bin Jarrah
f) Hazrat Abdul Rehman bin Auf

Chapter 4: Sufis
a) Hazrat Abdullah Shah Ghazi
b) Hazrat Hassan Basri
c) Hazrat Bayazid Bastani
d) Hazrat Junaid Baghdadi

Chapter 5: The Scholars and Thinkers of Islam

a) Hazrat Imam Jaffar
b) Hazrat Imam Abu Hanifa
c) Hazrat Imam Malik

Chapter 6: The Great Conqueror Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed

Page 24 of 49
 Chapter 1

The Mothers of Believers

Learning Outcomes

To enable the students

• Know about Ummahat ul Momineen

• Understand their status and services
• Learn lesson from their lives and implement it in our daily lives

Introduction:

The wives of Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬are known as Ummahat ul Momineen (The Mothers of Believers). “His wives are
their mothers” has been stated in the Holy Quran as they did not remarry after the death of Prophet ( ‫)ﷺ‬. The
duties and responsibilities of Prophet( ‫’)ﷺ‬s wives differ those of other women. The Prophet( ‫’)ﷺ‬s wives are
unique in honor, respect and dignity.

Hazrat Khadija (R.A)

Hazrat Khadija was the daughter of Khuwalid bin Asad and Fatima bint Zaidah. She was a twice widowed
Quraishite lady who conducted business in Makkah and was known as Tahira or the pure one even before the
advent of Islam. Her first husband’s name was Abu Hala bin Zurrah and was the mother of two sons i.e. Hala and
Hind. Her kuniyat was Umm-e- Hind. After the death of her first husband, she was married to Ateeq bin Aidh
Makhzumi who died leaving her a widow again. She had a daughter from him who was named Hindah.

She employed The Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬as she needed the services of an honest person to manage her trade
after the death of her father in the battle of Fijr. The Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬was famous for his honesty and trustworthiness.
His honesty was proved after the first business trip to Syria in which he was accompanied by her slave Maisra. It
was very successful and profitable. With a passage of time her admiration for Muhammad ( ‫ )ﷺ‬developed into a
deeper affection and she sent a marriage proposal that was accepted after consultation with elders of the family. At
the time of marriage in 595AD he was only twenty five years old and Hazrat Khadija was forty years old. She
bore him two sons Hazrat Qasim and Hazrat Abdullah (also known as Tahir and Taiyyab) and four daughters
Hazrat Zainab, Hazrat Ruqaiyya, Hazrat Umm-e- Kulsum and Hazrat Fatima. Both sons died in infancy and of the
daughters only the youngest daughter Hazrat Fatima survived to see the great events of her father’s life.

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Hazrat Khadija’s relation with Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬was of immense value. She had the honour of being the first convert
to Islam. She was the first one to believe in Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬and also comforted him after the disappointments he
faced with the Quraish. She suffered with the Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬the persecution and hardships inflicted by the Quraish
including the social boycott of Quraish from the 7th year of Prophethood till 10th Year of Prophethood. Beside her
moral support she placed all her wealth at Prophet ( ‫’)ﷺ‬s disposal so that he did not have to worry about financial
matters. She died in the 10th year of Prophethood 619 AD on 11th Ramazan three years before Hijrat at the age of
65. Her death was a terrible loss to the Holy Prophet ( ‫)ﷺ‬. He was so saddened by this loss that he termed the year
as the “Year of Grief” (Am ul Hazn)

Hazrat Ayesha (R.A)

Hazrat Ayesha was the daughter of Hazrat Abu Bakr and Umm-e-Ruman. Shortly before his migration to
Madinah the Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬married Hazrat Aisha. Hazrat Ayesha spent her youthful years in the Holy Prophet (
‫’)ﷺ‬s company and was able to get great spiritual benefits under him. She was a strong personality. It is said that
amongst the Mothers of the Faithful, she was the most learned. She had a photographic memory.

In the battle of Uhud she served water to the wounded and nursed them. She accompanied the Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬in
several battles as well as the Farewell Pilgrimage.

She was 25 years old at the time of Prophet ( ‫’)ﷺ‬s death. She spent her remaining 48 years of her life as a widow,
preaching and propagating the message of the Quran and Ahadith. She narrated about 2210 traditions.

She was the most scholarly person of her time in Quran, fundamentals of religion, fiqah, poetry, medicine,
Arabian history and genealogy and discrimination between lawful and unlawful things. Hazrat Ayesha was far
ahead in knowledge of Islam, not just ahead of the other wives of the Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬or other women, but except for
few eminent men, even ahead of the companions of the Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬as testified by Imam Zuhri further:

“If the knowledge of all men and the wives of the Prophet(S) were put together, the knowledge of Hazrat
Ayesha would exceed it all.”

Hazrat Ayesha is ranked among the prominent companions of the Prophet ( ‫)ﷺ‬. She used to convey decisions on
religious matters even during the days of the first three Caliphs.

Hazrat Ayesha was a very pious and God-fearing lady. Apart from the five obligatory prayers she would offer
extra prayers as well. She fasted very often and was particular about the pilgrimage. She would often purchase
slaves in order to free them.

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She died towards the end of the Khilafat of Muawiya on 17th Ramazan 58 A.H at the age of 67 and is buried in
Jannat ul Baqi.

Hazrat Sawdah (R.A)

Hazrat Sawdah was the Prophet’s ( ‫ )ﷺ‬second wife whom he married in the 10th year of Prophethood about
619AD. They were both 50 years old at that time. She was one of the early converts to Islam. She was first
married to Sakran bin Amr, also a convert to Islam. She had migrated to Abyssinia along with her husband but
returned to Makkah about the time of Khadija’s death. Her husband died leaving her widow with one son and she
needed help and protection, as her family was against her after her acceptance of Islam. The Holy Prophet ( ‫)ﷺ‬
decided to marry her and bring her under his protection. Hazrat Sawdah was extremely devoted to the Prophet (
‫)ﷺ‬. She led a very simple and pious life. Later on, when the Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬married Aisha, Hazrat Sawdah loved her
and attended to all her needs. Afterwards, when the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬divided his time equally among all his wives
according to the command of justice enjoined by the Quran, she gave up her turn in favour of Hazrat Ayesha. She
migrated to Madinah in the first year of the Hijrat. Her dwelling and Hazrat Aisha’s were the first to be built in the
mosque. The Holy Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬referred to her as the most charitable and generous of his wives. She narrated five
traditions. She died in 22 A.H during the khilafat of Hazrat Umar.

Exercise

Q1. Choose the correct option

i.َHazratَKhadija’sَkunniyatَwasَ

a) Ummwe Ruman

b) Umm e Hind

c)Umm e Saleet

ii) Hazrat Khadija died in

a)10th year of Prophethood

b)11th Year of Prophethood

c)12th Year of Prophethood

iii) Hazrat Ayesha was buried in

a) Jannat ul Baqi

b) Jannat ul Mualla
Page 27 of 49
c) Aud Graveyard

iv) Amul Huzn means

a) Year of Migration

b) Year of Grief

c)New Year

v) Harzt Sawda died in

a)22 Hijri

b) 23 Hijri

c) 24 Hijri

Q2: Write short answers of the following questions

i) With what words did Holy Prophet remember Hazrat Khadija?

ii) Which year is called as Amul Huzn?

iii) What was the age of Hazrat Ayesha at the time of her death?

iv) Briefly write the characteristics of Hazrat Sawda.

v) How many Ahadith did Hazrat Ayesha narrate?

Q3: Write detailed answers of the following questions.

i) Give a detailed account on the life of Hazrat Khadija.

ii) Give a detailed account about the knowledge and religious services of Hazrat Ayesha.

Page 28 of 49
 Chapter 2

Descendants of The Holy Prophet ( ‫)ﷺ‬

Learning Outcomes

To enable the students

• Know about the descendants of Prophet ( ‫)ﷺ‬

• Acknowledge the love of Prophet for his descendants
• Develop love and reverence for his family

Introduction
The Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬had four daughters and two sons from his first wife Hazrat Khadija. The first son was Qasim
after whom the Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬was called Abu Qasim. He died at the age of four. His second son was Abdullah, also
known as Tahir, he too died in infancy. He had a son from Hazrat Mariya Qibtiya who was named Ibrahim. He
was born and died in Madina. The daughters were Hazrat Zainab, Hazrat Ruqaiyya, Hazrat Umm-e-Kulsum and
Hazrat Fatima. He had daughters when they were not valued and he never mourned that he had daughters and not
sons.

Hazrat Zainab

Hazrat Zainab was his second child after Hazrat Qasim. She was married to Ab-ul-Aas bin Rabi. He was Hazrat
Khadija’s nephew. Hazrat Zainab had embraced Islam but was left in Makkah when the Holy Prophet( ‫)ﷺ‬
migrated to Madinah. Abu Al Aas fought on the side of Quraish in the Battle of Badr 624AD and was taken as a
prisoner. He was brought before The Prophet Muhammad ( ‫)ﷺ‬. For his ransom, Hazrat Zainab sent a necklace that
had been given to her by her mother Hazrat Khadija.

The Holy Prophet( ‫ )ﷺ‬recognized the necklace and his eyes were filled with tears. He consulted his companions
and returned the necklace and freed Ab Al Aas on condition that he would send Hazrat Zainab to Madinah. Later
Abu Al Aas came to Madinah. However, they were separated when a Divine revelation prohibited a Muslim
woman to marry a non-Muslim. Later Ab-ul Aas accepted Islam and they were rejoined and were blessed with
two sons.

Hazrat Zainab died in 8AH as a result of a sword wound inflicted by an enemy of Islam.

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Hazrat Ruqaiyya

Hazrat Ruqayya was Prophet( ‫’)ﷺ‬s second daughter. She was born after three years of Hazrat Zainab’s birth. She
was married to Utba, son of Abu Lahab. When the Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬declared his mission, Abu Lahab became his
enemy and asked his son to divorce Ruqayya, which he did.

Hazrat Ruqayya was then married to Hazrat Usman. Both of them migrated to Abyssinia where she gave birth to a
son, Abdullah who died when he was six years old. They came back to Makkah in the tenth year of Prophethood.
A few years later, she migrated to Madinah with her husband. Hazrat Usman could not participate in the Battle of
Badr due to her illness. She fell ill and died in 624AD at the time of Battle of Badr.

Hazrat Umme Kulsum

Hazrat Umme Kulsum was the third daughter of the Prophet ( ‫)ﷺ‬. She was first married to Utaiba, son of Abu
Lahab. Utaiba gave divorce on Abu Lahab’s demand to Hazrat Umme Kulsum and their marriage ended with the
revelation of Surah Lahab (111:1-3).

She migrated to Madinah with her stepmother Hazrat Sawdah. After the death of her sister Hazrat Ruqaiyya, she
was married to Hazrat Usman. She died in 631AD, while her father and husband were away on the Tabuk
Expedition. She didn’t leave behind any children.

Hazrat Fatima

Hazrat Fatima was the youngest and most beloved daughter of the Prophet ( ‫)ﷺ‬. She was known by the title of Al-
Zehra “The Shining One”. Hazrat Fatima had a strong resemblance to the Prophet (‫ )ﷺ‬in speech, conversation and
manners. She was born five years before the Prophethood. She saw the persecution and suffering of her father.

She migrated to Madinah with her stepmother Hazrat Sawdah. In 624 AD, she was married to the Prophet ( ‫’)ﷺ‬s
cousin, Hazrat Ali who didn’t marry another woman during her lifetime. Like other Muhajirin they too, faced
extreme poverty. She had three sons, Hassan, Hussain and Mohsin, who died in childhood, and two daughters,
Umm e Kulsum and Zainab.

During the last days of Prophet( ‫’)ﷺ‬s illness Hazrat Fatima visited him. The Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬whispered something
into her ear that made her cry. He again whispered something to her after which she smiled. Later, when someone
asked her the reason of her weeping and smiling, she said that she had wept because the Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬told her
about his impending death, but when he told her that she would be the first one from his family to join him in
Paradise, she smiled. (Tirmizi)
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She and her family were among the Ahl al-Kisa, (people of the mantle). It is narrated that once the Prophet ( ‫)ﷺ‬
sheltered Hazrat Ali, Fatima and his grandsons under his cloak. Holy Prophet (‫ )ﷺ‬always received Hazrat Fatima
with a smiling face and spread his cloak in her respect.

She died in 11AH, just six months after the death of Prophet( ‫ )ﷺ‬at the age of twenty-nine. The Prophet
Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬had special affection for Hazrat Fatima. He always stood up when she came to him. Whenever he
went on a journey, he parted from her last of all, and when he returned, he would visit her first.

It is reported that the Holy Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬said,

“Fatima is a part of me; whoever hurts her, hurts me and whoever hold malice against her, holds malice
against me.” (Agreed Upon)

Exercise

Q1: Fill in the blanks

i) Hazrat Ibraim was brought up in __________________

ii) Hazrat Zainab had _____________ sons

iii) Hazrta Umme Kulsoom died in ______________

v) Hazrat Fatima was ___________ daughter of Prophet(SAW)

Q2: Write short answers of the questions.

i) Write the names of Prophet ( ‫’)ﷺ‬s descendants

ii) Why did Hazrat Usman not participate in Battle of Badr?

iii) To whom did Hazrat Ruqqaya and Umme Kulsoom marry one after the other?

iv)How did Hazrat Zainab sacrifice for the sake of Islam?

Q3: Write detailed answers of the following.

i) What was the behaviour of Holy Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬towards his daughters?

ii) What lesson can be derived from the life of Prophet ( ‫’)ﷺ‬s daughters for the Muslims today?

iii) Write a detailed life account of Hazrat Fatima.

Page 31 of 49
 Chapter 3

Companions of The Holy Prophet ( ‫)ﷺ‬

Learning Outcomes

To enable the students

• Know the meaning of Ashara Mubashara

• Seek knowledge about their status and honour
• Understand the services of these companions

Introduction

The Arabic word Ashara means Ten and Mubashara means ‘those to whom good news have been given’. So the
title Ashara Mubashara means those ten fortunate companions who were given the glad tidings by the Holy
Prophet( ‫ )ﷺ‬in their lifetime that they would go to Heaven. They accepted Islam in the early period of preaching
and faced hardships at the hands of Quraish . The first four caliphs are known as Khulafa e Rashiden. The names
of Ashara Mubashara are mentioned below:

1.Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (RA)

2. Hazrat Umer Bin Khattab

3. Hazrat Usman Ghani

4. Hazrat Ali bin AbuTalib

5. Hazrat Talha

6. Hazrat Zubair bin Awwam

7. Hazrat Abu Ubaida Bin Jarrah

8. Hazrat Saad bin Abi Waqas

9 Hazrat Abdur Rehman bin Auf

10. Hazrat Saeed bin Zaid

Hazrat Talha

Hazrat Talha was born in 594 AD. He belonged to a Taim clan of the Quraish in Makkah. His father’s name was
Ubaidullah and his mother was al-Sa'ba bint Abd Allah. He was the cousin of Hazrat Abu Bakr. When Hazrat Abu
Bakr accepted Islam he urged his closest companions to do likewise, at that time Hazrat Talha accepted Islam in
its early days together with Hazrat Usman. He also faced persecution after his acceptance of Islam but he didn’t
renounce his faith and showed steadfastness.

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In the Battle of Uhud (625AD), he acted as a human shield in order to protect Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬from harm and in the
process, he was severely wounded. He used his hand to deflect a sword from piercing the Prophet ( ‫’)ﷺ‬s head and
lost the use of his fingers of that hand for the rest of his life. Hazrat Talha RA was given the title of the “Living
Martyr” on account of injuries he received at Uhud.

The Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬gave him the title of “Fayyaz” i.e., generous at the time of the Tabuk Expedition. He was a
wealthy and successful tradesman, but he lived a simple life. He would be so anxious and worried on account of
vast wealth, that he would distribute it among the poor Muslims.

He joined Hazrat Ayesha in the battle of Camel in 656AD. Later, negotiations took place and both Talha and
Zubair decided to withdraw from the battle, but the mischief makers killed both of them in this battle.

Hazrat Zubair bin Awwam

Hazrat Zubair belonged to a family that had accepted Islam in the early stages at the age of sixteen. His mother
was Hazrat Sufiyah, an aunt of the Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬and nephew of Hazrat Khadija. His father’s name was Awwan.
He accepted Islam at the age of fifteen years.

Hazrat Zubair was among those who migrated to Abyssinia, but soon returned to Makkah. He was a true follower
of Islam that is why, he attained a prominent position among the earliest companions of the Prophet ( ‫)ﷺ‬. He was
always ready to face danger and endure pain or trouble for the sake of Islam.

He took part in almost all battles fought during the life of the Holy Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬and was known for his bravery
and generosity. He spied for the Muslims in the Battle of Trench and brought the news of Banu Quraiza to the
Prophet ( ‫)ﷺ‬. Hazrat Zubair was very rich and generous and was respected by his tribe. He was killed during the
Khilafat of Hazrat Ali in the battle of Camel fought in 656AD.

Hazrat Abu Ubaida Bin Jarrah

Abu Ubaida belonged to the Quraish tribe. His full name was Amir ibn Abdullah ibn al Jarrah and was known as
Abu Ubaida. Abu Ubaida's father Abdullah Ibn al Jarrah was among the chiefs of the Quraish in the Fijar War
against the Hawazin nomads in the late 6th century. His mother was also a Quraish ite. He was born in 583AD in
Makkah.

He was one of the most distinguished of the Prophet ( ‫’)ﷺ‬s companions, known for his services to Islam and his
loyalty to the Prophet ( ‫)ﷺ‬.

In Madinah, he remained a sincere companion of the Holy Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬and was always ready to help. He was a
brave soldier and commander and took part in most of the battles. In the battle of Badr, he came face to face with
his father. He was greatly upset, but had to kill him for sake of his faith. During the battle of Uhud, he was one of
those Muslims who encircled the Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬when the Quraish attacked him.

Abu Ubaidah distinguished himself by his bravery and un-selfishness. The Holy Prophet ( ‫)ﷺ‬, gave him the title of
Amin-ul-Ummat that means ‘the honest of the nation.’

Page 33 of 49
Hazrat Saad bin Abi Waqas

Hazrat Saad was a cousin of Aminah bint Wahab, the Prophet ( ‫’)ﷺ‬s mother and his maternal uncle. He was born
in Makkah and belonged to the tribe of Banu Zahra. He accepted Islam at the invitation of Hazrat Abu Bakr at the
age of seventeen. He was one of the earliest companions of the Holy Prophet ( ‫)ﷺ‬.

In the early years of Islam, the Muslims used to offer their prayers outside Makkah, due to the persecution of the
Quraish. One day, during prayers, the unbelievers interrupted them, which led to a fight. Saad struck and wounded
one of them, so he was the first Muslim to have shed blood for the cause of Islam.

Hazrat Saad was a great warrior and took part in the battles fought during the lifetime of the Holy Prophet ( ‫)ﷺ‬. In
the battle of Uhud, he was one of the defenders of the Holy Prophet(S), trying to repel the attackers with his
arrows. He also lead the Battle of Qudsia.

He died at the age of almost eighty years in 55AH and was buried in Madinah.

Hazrat Abdur Rehman bin Auf

Abdur Rehman was born in the 10th year of the Elephants. The Holy Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬and Abdur Rehman had a
common ancestor in Kalab. He accepted Islam at the invitation of Hazrat Abu Bakr. According to tradition, he
was the thirteenth person to become a Muslim. His name was Abu Amr but after he accepted Islam the Prophet (
‫ )ﷺ‬changed his name to Abdur Rehman.

He also faced persecution at the hands of Quraish. Abdur Rehman was among the first batch of the fifteen
Muslims that migrated to Abyssinia. He returned to Makkah and later migrated to Madinah. He started his own
business and soon became a well-to-do merchant. He sold dry yoghurt and butter and sent his own trading
carvans. He was very generous and freed 30000 families from slavery in his lifetime. He donated 500 horses and
500 camels for Jihad. Once he gave the charity of 700 laden camels. He always helped the needy and poor
Muslims.

He participated in all the battles fought during the life of the Prophet ( ‫)ﷺ‬. He fought bravely in the Battle of
Uhud. He was severely wounded and remained lame for the rest of his life.

He was a generous man and once distributed forty thousand dirhams in charity. He was a rich person and left
behind a lot of wealth that was given in the way of Allah and also distributed amongst his heirs. He died in 33AH
during the reign of Hazrat Usman.

Hazrat Saeed bin Zaid

Hazrat Saeed bin Zaid was born in 594AD. His father’s name was Zaid bin Amr. His father was a monotheist and
had given up idol worship. He died five years before the first revelation. His mother’s name was Fatima bint Ba'ja.

Saeed bin Zaid was married to Hazrat Umer’s sister Fatima. When the Holy Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬invited people to Islam
Hazrat Saeed was in the forefront of those who believed in the Oneness of Allah and who affirmed their faith in
the Prophethood of Prophet ( ‫)ﷺ‬. He is said to be the twenty-eighth person to have become a Muslim.

Page 34 of 49
His wife Fatima was also an early convert. At first, they kept their faith secret because Fatima's brother Hazrat
Umar was a prominent persecutor of Muslims. It was their house when Hazrat Umar first heard the words of
Quran and upon reading the verses of Surah Taha felt compelled to accept Islam.

He was a devoted companion of the Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬and a great warrior. He took part in all the major wars fought
during the Prophet ( ‫’)ﷺ‬s lifetime except the Battle of Badr as he and Hazrat Talha were out of Madina to spy on
Quraish. He also participated in all battles fought during the caliphate of Khulafa-e- Rashideen. He was known for
his courage and bravery and during the caliphate of Hazrat Umar when Muslim army invaded Syria; he was made
the commander of the infantry. He died in 51AH at the age of eighty and was buried in Madina (Jannat ul Baqi).

Exercise

Q1: Fill in the blanks

i) The Arabic word Ashara means_________________

ii) Hazrat Talha could not participate in Battle of Badr as he was out of _____________.

iii) Hazrat Zubair bin Awaam accepted Islam at the age of _______________ years.

iv) Hazrat Saad bin Abi Waqas lead the battle of ___________________.

v)The title of Hazrat Abu Ubaida was ___________________

Q2: Write short answers of the following questions.

i) What is meant by Ashra Mubashara?

ii) Write the names of Ashra Mubashra.

iii) Write names of Khulfa-e-Rashideen?

iv) In which battles did Hazrat Saeed bin Zaid participate?

Q3: Write detailed answers f the following questions.

i) Write a detailed note on the life of Hazrat Talha.

ii) Describe the religious services of Hazrat Abu Ubaida bin Jarrah

iii) Describe the generosity of Hazrat Abdul Rahman bin Auf.

Page 35 of 49
 Chapter 4
Sufis

Learning Outcomes

To enable the students

• Know the meaning of Tasawwuf

• Understand the services of Sufis for the sake of Islam
• Learn lesson and implement it in their daily lives
Introduction

Tasawwuf means to purify the heart, by following the injunctions of Quran and Ahadith and do the catharsis of
soul through worship of Allah. Sufi is a person who follows Sharia, purifies his heart and soul through Sunnah of
Prophet ( ‫)ﷺ‬, adopts Taqwa and simplicity in is day to day life. Sufis become near to Allah as they are Muttaqi
persons, who have no greed for the worldly gains, but the ultimate goal of their life is to please Allah and to
spread the message of Islam and continue the mission of Prophet ( ‫)ﷺ‬. There are many great Sufis whose services
for the Muslims are unforgettable in the history of Islam.

Abdullah Shah Ghazi

Abdullah Shah Ghazi was a Muslim mystic and Sufi whose shrine is located in Clifton in Karachi, in Sindh
province of Pakistan. His real name was Abdullah al-Ashtar. He is known for his sufi mysticism. He was born in
720AD in Madina.
Shah Ghazi was an Arab merchant who had come to Sindh with the first wave of Arab invaders in the seventh
century in Abbasid’s period. He settled in Sindh along with his brother, Syed Misri Shah, and became a follower
of Sufi strands of Islam.

Abdullah Shah was on a hunt where the enemy’s army intercepted his party. Outnumbered, Abdullah Shah still
chose to fight rather than submit to the army. It is because of his display of valor; Abdullah Shah was given the
honorable title of "Ghazi" meaning "victorious”. He was, however, ambushed by his enemies in a forest in interior
Sindh and was killed in 773AD.

Hassan al-Basri
Hassan al-Basri, whose full name was Abu Sa'id ibn Abi'l-Hasan Yasar al-Basri, was a prominent early Islamic
scholar and theologian. He lived during the 7th century and is considered one of the most significant figures in
early Islamic history. He was born in Madina, around 642AD. He was known for his piety, knowledge, and
asceticism. He became a prominent scholar in the city of Basra, in present-day Iraq, which was a center of Islamic
learning during his time.
Page 36 of 49
Hassan al-Basri was renowned for his deep knowledge of the Quran, Ahadith and Islamic Jurisprudence. Al-Basri
was known for his ascetic lifestyle. He practiced self-discipline and emphasized the importance of piety and
devotion to Allah. His abstinent teachings had a significant impact on the Islamic spiritual tradition. He served the
Muslims for 60 years.

Hassan al-Basri passed away in 728AD at the age of 88 years. His legacy continues to influence Islamic thoughts
and spirituality, particularly within the Sufi tradition, which places a strong emphasis on mysticism, piety, and
spiritual growth.

Bayazid Bistami

Bayazid Bastami, also known as Abu Yazid Bistami or Bayazid al-Bistami, was a renowned Persian Sufi mystic
and one of the early figures in the history of Sufism. He is considered one of the most influential and celebrated
mystics in Islamic history. He lived during the 9th century and his life and teachings continue to inspire Sufis and
spiritual seekers to this day. He was born in 804AD in the city of Bistam, which is located in present-day Iran. He
was born into a devout Muslim family and received traditional Islamic education. His title was Sultan ul Arifen

Bayazid Bastami was known for his extreme devotion to Allah. He lived a life of poverty and simplicity, often
practicing severe self-discipline. He encouraged his followers to seek Allah through love and devotion. He is
considered as one of the early pioneers of Sufism, and his teachings had a profound impact on the development of
Sufi thought and practice.

Bayazid Bastami passed away in 874AD. His life and teachings exemplify the core principles of Sufism, including
love, devotion, selflessness, and the quest for the Divine.

Junaid Baghdadi

Junaid Baghdadi , also known as Junayd of Baghdad, was a prominent Persian Sufi mystic and scholar who lived
during the 9th century. He is considered one of the early and influential figures in the development of Sufism,
particularly within the context of Islamic spirituality. He was born in 830AD in the city of Baghdad, Iraq. He
received a traditional Islamic education and studied Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) and Ahadith. He received his
education from Abu Taurand became a Mufti at the age of 20 years. However, he later turned to the path of
Sufism.

Junaid Baghdadi is known for his deep commitment to the Sufi path. He sought spiritual enlightenment and
closeness to Allah through prayer and intense devotion. He had numerous disciples who went on to become
prominent Sufi leaders and scholars themselves.

Page 37 of 49
Junaid Baghdadi passed away in 910AD in Baghdad, Iraq. His life and teachings contributed significantly to the
development and codification of Sufi practices and beliefs.

Exercise

Q1: Fill in the blanks.

i)Hazrat Abdullah Shah Gazi came to ______________ in Abbasid’s period.

ii) Hazrat Hasan Basri served the religion for ___________ years.

iii) The title of Bayazad Bastami was ___________________.

iv) Hazrat Junaid Baghdadi was born in ___________________ .

v) Hazrat Junaid Baghdadi got the knowledge from _______________

Q2: Write short answers of the following questions.

i) What is meant by Tasawwuf?

ii) Write about the death of Abdullah Shah Gazi.

iii) Write about the death of Hassan Basri.

iv) When did Junaid Baghdadi die?

v) Who is Sufi?

Q3: Write detailed answers of the following questions.

i) Write a detailed note on Hazrat Abdullah Shaha Ghazi.

ii) Which services did Hazrat Hasan Basri render for the sake of religion?

Page 38 of 49
 Chapter 5

The Religious Scholars and Thinkers

Learning Outcomes

To enable the students

• Know about the life of religious thinkers

• Understand their services for the spread of Islam
• Learn lesson from their lives.
Imam Jafar

Imam Jafar Sadiq was the son of Imam Baqir and his mother was Umme Farwa. She was great granddaughter of
Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique. He was born in 83AH.His period of Imamat was 34 years. The period of his Imamat
coincided with the end of Ummayad Khilafat and Abbasid Khilafat.

Imam Jafar was harassed by the Ummayad Khalifa and later, during the rule of the Abbasids taken to Iraq. After
some time, he was allowed to go to Madina, where he spent the rest of his life in hiding. He died in 148 AH and
was buried at Jannat ul Baqi in Madina.

Imam Jafar possessed vast knowledge of Sharia. It is said that his classes and sessions of instruction produced
4000 scholars of Ahadith and other sciences. He was a pious, generous, trustful and charitable person. It is known
that he would often lose consciousness in remembrance of Allah. Imam Abu Hanifa said about his piety that he
had never seen greater Faqih than Imam Jafar.

Imam Abu Hanifa

Imam Abu Hanifa, whose full name was Abu Hanifa Nu'man ibn Thabit , was a prominent Islamic scholar and
jurist who lived during the 8th century. He is considered one of the most important figures in the history of
Islamic jurisprudence. He was born in 699AD in Kufa. He received an unyielding education in Islamic studies,
including Quranic recitation, Ahadith and Islamic jurisprudence.

His teachings and legal are known for their flexibility and adaptability in addressing new legal issues and
circumstances. His legacy extends far beyond his time. His jurisprudential methods and legal rulings continue to
influence the lives of millions of Muslims, particularly in South Asia, Central Asia, and Turkey.

Imam Abu Hanifa passed away in 767AD in Baghdad, Iraq. His contributions to Islamic jurisprudence continue to
be studied and followed by many Muslims around the world.

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Imam Malik

Malik ibn Anas was born in 93 Hijri (711AD) in the village called Zul-Marwa in Madina. His father, grandfather,
and great grandfather were all renowned people among the scholars of Ahadith. Imam Malik grew up in a
household of scholarship, but he himself was not very sincere with his studies at a very early age. Imam Malik
used to spend time playing around and, particularly, he was engrossed with pigeons and birds. Then sharp
criticism of his father shook the self-esteem of Imam Malik, he became sincere in his studies. He learned and
memorized the Qur’an in his youth. With the passing of time, Imam Malik became the most famous of the time,
during his lifetime.

Imam Malik was one of the greatest scholars of Ahadith of all time. His famous book is Muatta Scholars of the
time consider the Muatta of Imam Malik as Sahih (i.e. a book of 100% authentic Ahadiths) like Sahih Al Bukhari
and Sahih Muslim. He died in 179 Hijri (795 AD) when he was 87 years old during the reign of Haroon ur Rashid.
The news of his death engulfed the entire Ummah with grief. His followers live all over the world specifically
Aljazaer, Murakish, Sudan and Muslim Africa.

Exercise: Q.1: Fill in the blanks.

I) Imam Jafar was born in ____________

ii) Imam Abu Hanifa was born in __________

iii) __________ was a famous book of Imam Malik

iv) Imam Malik died in the caliphate of _____________

v) Imam Abu Hanifa died in_______________

Q2: Write short answers of the following questions.

i) Who was Imam Jafar?

ii) Write about the parents of Imam Jafar.

iii) What was the real name of Imam Abu Hanifa?

v) What did Imam Abu Hanifa say about Imam Jafar?

Q3: Write detailed answers of the following questions.

i) Give a detailed account on the life and religious services of Imam Jafar.

ii) Describe the services of Imam Abu Hanifa.

iii) Give a detailed account on the life of Imam Malik.

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 Chapter 6

The Great Conqueror Hazrat Khalid Bin Waleed

Learning Outcomes

To enable the students

• Know about Muslim Conquerors

• seek knowledge about Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed
• understand the services of Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed
• learn lesson from the life of Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed

Introduction

In Islamic history, there are great warriors and conquerors who defeated the non-believers and enemies of Islam
for spreading the message of Prophet ( ‫)ﷺ‬. They fought battles, participated in different form of Jihad and lead the
Muslim Ummah. Here we come to know about the passion and services of Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed.

Khalid bin Waleed

Khalid bin Waled was a great conqueror and warrior known as Saif Ullah. Khalid bin Waleed was born in 592AD
at Makkah. His father was Walid ibn al-Mughirah, the chief of the Banu Makhzum, a clan of the Arab tribe of
Quraish. He was nephew of Hazrat Maimoona. He was also known as Saif Allāh al-Maslūl (Drawn Sword of
God), was a companion of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad ( ‫)ﷺ‬. He was steadfast , pious and righteous .

He was a great orator and speaker. He moved along with Hazrat Usman and Amr bin Al Aas to the Prophet ( ‫)ﷺ‬
in 8 AH to accept Islam. Khalid bin Waleed requested the Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬to pray for him, which he ( ‫ )ﷺ‬did for him.

He is noted for his military tactics and prowess, commanding the forces of Madina under Muhammad and the
forces of his immediate successors of the Rashidun Caliphate, Abu Bakr and Umar ibn Khattab. It was under his
military leadership that Arabia, for the first time in history, was united under a single political entity, the
Caliphate.

He played a vital role in the victory of the Battle of Uhud against the Muslims. He converted to Islam, and joined
Muhammad after the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah in 628 AD and participated in various expeditions for him, He
became the flag bearer in battle of Mouata because three leaders of Muslim army were martyred. He was a great
warrior and defeated many apostates and enemies of Islam. In battle of Mouta he broke nine swords and got the
title Saif Ullah (Sword of Allah) by the Prophet (‫)ﷺ‬. Muslim army was 3000 and non-believers were 100000 in
that battle. That was a great victory of Muslims.

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Under his command, Damascus was captured in 634AD. His journey towards Iraq and Iran under the command of
Hazrat Abu Bakr was successful. The key Arab victory against the Byzantine forces was achieved at the Battle of
Yarmouk fought during the caliphate of Hazrat Umer in 636AD, which led to the conquest of the Bilad al-Sham
(Levant). His cap was very dear to him as he put some of the holy hair of Prophet ( ‫)ﷺ‬, that’s why he was not
defeated in any battle. His desire was to be martyred in the battlefield, his whole body was full of injuries during
jihad. He was also a scribe of Divine Revelation and narrated many Ahadith.

In 638 AD, at the zenith of his career, he was dismissed from military services. Within less than four years of his
dismissal, Khalid died and was buried in 642AD, 22 AH at Emesa, where he lived since his dismissal from
military services. His death engulfed Muslim Ummah with grief. His tomb is now part of a mosque called Khalid
ibn al-Walid Mosque.

His life is a lesson for every Muslim to have passion for jihad and martyrdom. His life teaches us bravery,
steadfastness, piety and obedience to Allah and love for Prophet ( ‫)ﷺ‬.

Exercise

Q1: Fill in the blanks.

i) Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed was _____________ of Hazrat Maimoona.

ii) The title of Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed was _________________.

iii) Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed broke ___________ swords of non-believers in Battle of Mouta

iv) Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed died at the place of ______________.

Q2: Write short answers of the following questions.

i) Who was Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed?

ii)In which battles did Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed participate in?

iii) When did Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed accept Islam?

iv) Why did Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed love his cap?

v) Why did Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed become the flag bearer in battle of Mouta?

Q3: Write detailed answers f the following questions.

i) Give a detailed account on the life of Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed.

ii) Describe the religious services of Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed.

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 Unit 7

Islamic Teachings and Contemporary Requirements

Chapter 1: Significance of Environment in Human Life

Chapter 2: Importance and Rights of Animals

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Chapter 1: Significance of Environment in Human Life

Allah the Almighty created this world for human beings. He created everything with a certain measure
and balance for its survival and beauty, and then gave man the intelligence, consciousness and free will so
that he can maintain the balance and beauty of this world; Consider this world a mercy for yourself and
others, not a burden. To fulfill this important responsibility, Allah the Almighty also gave guidance to
mankind. Plants, animals and other living organisms in this world are interlinked through food chains
collectively constituting an environment that requires balanced maintenance and cleanliness. In Islam, the
initial emphasisis on personal purity and cleanliness, which is regarded as half of one’s faith. Allah the
Almighty says in the Holy Quran:
ََ‫ط ِّه ِّرين‬ ُّ ِّ‫بَٱلت َّ ٰ َّو ِّبينَََ َويُح‬
َ َ ‫بَٱ ْل ُمت‬ َََّ ‫إنَّ َٱ‬
ُّ ِّ‫ّللَيُح‬
He loves those who keep themselves pure and clean
(Surah Al – Baqarah, Ayat no. 222)
The practice of keeping the environment and society clean starts from home. The chambers of our beloved Holy
Prophet (‫ )ﷺ‬were so neat and clean that not even a straw was visible. The courtyard between the chambers and
Masjid – e – Nabwi was so clean that the Companions (R.A.) would rest there without laying anything. It is
prohibited to throw out household garbage and trash. Therefore, it is the responsibility of every person to keep
his house and surroundings neat and clean.

Epidemics and Islamic Teaching

Our religion Islam not only emphasizes on cleanliness but also advises us to prevent the spread of
diseases. Therefore, it is emphasized to take preventive measures in case of those diseases. Once Hazrat Umar bin
Khatab (R.A) left for Syria, but when he reached Maqam – e – Sarkh, he received the news that Syria was in the
grip of an epidemic. Hazrat Abdur Rehman Bin--Auf (R.A) informed him that The Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬had said
that when you know that there is an epidemic in a land, do not enter it, but if an epidemic breaks out in a place and
you are there,do not even go out to escape from the epidemic. So Hazrat Umer (R.A) returned from Maqam –e –
Sarkh.

Water Pollution and Instructions of Islam

The life of every living being depends on water. Apart from this, the human population also obtains a large part
of its food from aquatic life. Water pollution is increasing due to the leachingof sewage, industrial effluents and
other toxic substances into the sea. People do not have accessto clean water, that’s why they are suffering from
different diseases. While aquatic creatures arealso becoming extinct. Fish and prawns are not only dying out, but
their flesh is being contaminated with mercury and other toxic compounds that are harmful to human health.
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 The instructions of Islam in this regard are very clear. Discharge of dirt and filth into canals,rivers, lakes and
ponds is prohibited. Similarly, it is prohibited to drink water from those wells that had been abandoned for a long
time.

Importance of Plantation

Forests play an important role in producing oxygen, preventing water runoff, protecting land from erosion,
moderating seasons and other environmental factors. More than 70% of the world’s species live in tropical
rainforests. In addition, forests help in keeping the atmosphere clean by releasing oxygen and absorbing carbon
dioxide gas. Our beloved Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬forbade the cutting of green trees. Even during wars, Muslims
were instructed not to cut trees and plants.

When the people of Tai’f sent a delegation to Madinah to accept Islam, so the Holy Prophet(‫ )ﷺ‬wrote a letter
in which He ‫ﷺ‬especially urged them to protect trees and wildlife.

Similarly, environmental protection orders were also given in Madinah and limits were setthat no hunting
or cutting of trees would be done in those areas. The Holy Prophet ( ‫ )ﷺ‬declared planting trees as an ongoing
charity.

The need for plantation has become even greater these days because of the growing pollution in the
environment. There are a number of reasons why plantation is important for the environment. Everyone knows
that trees are the natural
sources of Oxygen as they inhale Carbon dioxide and exhale Oxygen
and without it the survival of human beings is notpossible on earth.
Allah's Messenger (‫ )ﷺ‬said,
They filter harmful pollutants from theatmosphere and provide us with "There is none amongst the
fresher and cleaner air tobreathe. Air pollution can be controlled if we Muslims who plants a tree or
plant more andmore trees. They give us fruits and leaves that serve as sowsseeds, and then a bird,
ora person or an animal eats
foodfor birds, animals as well as human beings; moreover, we get, from it, but is regarded as a
wood, rubber and raw materials that are used for manufacturing charitable gift for him.
miscellaneous goods such as furniture doors and a lot more. Trees
are habitat of birds and animals. They are maintaining biodiversity
and ecological balance. If we really want to survive or lead a good life
and also want to make a comfortable globe for upcoming generations,
more and more trees must be planted.

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Air Pollution

Air pollution is caused by the release of fumes and gases from factories, toxic gases fromtransport
fumes and release of Sulphur dioxide and Carbon dioxide from fuel burning. This is causing threats like global
warming, climate change, acid rain and rifting in the Ozone layer.
Prolonged exposure to particulates from vehicle fumes, petrol and diesel burns increases the risk of respiratory
diseases, high blood pressure and skin diseases.

Greenery and trees play an effective role in reducing air pollution. Islam has instructed and guided us in
this regard as well. To avoid the harmful effects of air pollution, it is recommended to wash hands before eating,
and it is forbidden to blow into drinking vessels. Covering our mouth with our hands or a cloth while coughing
and sneezing is recommended to protect the air from germs. It is also prohibited to spit in places. Emphasis has
been placed onthe need to build new cities to avoid overcrowding and their problems. It is also prohibited to
build such houses that block wind or fresh air for the neighbors.

Noise Pollution

Noise also plays a major role in environmental pollution, which is harmful to human health. In densely
populated areas, noise from transport and vehicles, pressure horns and sound pressure above 80 decibels can
cause certain diseases. There are effective guidelines in Islam to protect against noise pollution and its harmful
effects. Therefore, it is forbidden to talk in loud voices and it is instructed to keep our voices low. One of the
advices given by Hazrat Luqman (A.S) tohis son was to keep his voice low.

“And be moderate in your pace and lower your voice; indeed, the most disagreeable ofsounds is the voice
of donkeys.” (Surah Al Luqman, Ayat no. 19)

Our cities are becoming noisy. One of the major causes of noise is the screeching horns and bad silencers of
buses and cars which have a bad effect on human nerves and health. Our law also prohibits noise in streets and
settlements. The Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬forbade us from saying and doing that could cause harm to others and
declared the best person to be the one who benefits others. We must follow Islamic teachings to avoid all these
pollutions and their harmful effects so that we and our generations can live in a neat and peaceful environment.

Page 46 of 49
Chapter 2: Importance and Rights of Animals

Allah the Almighty created this universe. He created His significant signs in it, like the sky,the earth,
the moon, stars and many other countless things. He created “Ahsraf – ul – Makhloqaat”, means human
beings, and subjugated the entire universe for his benefit. Allah the Almighty says in the Holy Quran:

“And Allah has created from water every living creature. Some of them crawl on their bellies,some
walk on two legs, and some walk on four. Allah creates whatever He wills. Surely Allahis Most Capable
of everything”

(Surah Al – Noor, Ayat # 45)

Allah the Almighty created both land and marine animals. Some of them are reptiles, likesnakes,
scorpion, lizards, etc. Some of them are insects and other are mammals like cow, elephants, etc. Allah the
Almighty did not create anything useless, even poison from various poisonous animals is used to make
medicines for various diseases. Wild animals and other insects are all part of the natural environment and
are playing their role in saving the environment. Allah the Almighty has subjugated all animals for man.
That is why man can control powerful animals too. He also tames wild animals and brings them to work.
Domestic animals include cows, bulls, buffaloes, goats, sheep, donkeys and horses. These animals provide
meat, milk, fur, wool and other benefits. These animals are also a source of beauty from Allah the
Almighty. These animals are also used for travel and transport. Sometimes these are used for riding and
transport in those places where vehicles or other means of transportation cannot be used, such as
mountainous and other tricky and difficult roads and areas. Allah the Almightysays in the Holy Quran:

“He created animals to provide you with warm clothing, food, and many other benefits. Howbeautiful
they look when you lead them from their pasture and bring them home! They carryyour loads to far-off
lands; without them you could not reach those lands, except with great effort. Your Lord is
compassionate and merciful. He has created horses, mules and donkeys, which you may ride, or you
may keep for pleasure. He has created many things beyond yourknowledge”

pg. 47
 Because of these animals, Allah the Almighty has blessed us with countless benefits.
Through cattle rearing, their buying and selling, we can lead the country on the path of prosperity and
development. In this regard, the current climate of Pakistan is very favorable.Being an agricultural
country, animal husbandry can be made very profitable. It can also be used as a tool to alleviate
poverty and eliminate unemployment.

Rights of Animals

Animals are a great blessing of Allah, due to which we get numerous advantages. So, taking care
of them and treating them well is the teaching of our religion Islam. Islam has also defined the rights of
animals. Before Islam, animals were treated very badly. Live animals were tied up for shooting and
various parts of them were severed and consumed. The Holy Prophet (‫ )ﷺ‬declared it a major sin to kill
any animal unnecessarily. It is forbidden to kill any animal that do not cause harm. In particular, the Holy
Prophet (‫ )ﷺ‬forbade the killing of ant, bees and hoopoes. In the same way, The Prophet Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬
(‫ )ﷺ‬ordered to give comfort to the animals and to slaughter them in a good way.

The Holy Prophet (‫ )ﷺ‬said:

“Indeed, Allah has decreed Ihsan in everything. So, when you kill, then do the killing well, and when
you slaughter, then do the slaughtering well. Let one of you sharpen his blade, andlet him comfort his
animal (before slaughtering)”

It is also important to take care of the comfort and food of the animals. They should not
be overburdened or stained.

Examples from the life of Holy Prophet (‫)ﷺ‬

A man once came to Prophet Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬carrying with him his belongings and a box. He said, “O
Prophet! While I was passing through a jungle, I heard the voice of some bird's babies. I took them and put
them in this box. The moment I did that, their mother came fluttering round my head.” The Prophet
Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬said, “Put them down”. When the man put the box on the ground, the mother of the young
birds joined them. Seeing this, the Prophet Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬asked the man who now had a look of surprise
on his face, “Are you surprised by the affection of the mother towards her young? I swear by Him (Almighty
Allah) who has sent me, surely, Allah is more loving to his servants than the mother to these young birds.
Return these baby birds to the place from where you took them, and let their mother be with them.”
A Companion once asked the Prophet Muhammad ( ‫)ﷺ‬: “Is there a reward for doing good with these
pg. 48
animals?” He (‫ )ﷺ‬responded, “There is a reward in doing good to every living thing.”
The Prophet (‫ )ﷺ‬said, A man saw a dog eating mud from (the severity of) thirst. So, that man took a shoe
(and filled it) with water and kept on pouring the water for the dog till it quenched its thirst. So, Allah the
Almighty approved of his deed and made him enter Paradise.
By taking lessons from the Uswah – e – Hasna (‫)ﷺ‬, we should take care of the rights of animals and avoid
torturing them.

Point to Ponder!

Allah the Almighty is exceedingly kind

to Hiscreatures, that’s why He has
ordered good behavior towards
everything, including animals.

- THE END -

pg. 49