Islamiyat Book Grade VII[PDF]

Lahore Grammar School
Landmark Project
Islamiyat Book
Grade VII
Name: ___________________________________
Section: ______________________
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Unit 1
The Holy Quran and Ahadith-e-Nabvi
(S.A.W)
Chapter 1: Reading and Memorisation

Chapter 2: Beautiful Supplications
Chapter 3: Ahadith-e-Nabvi
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Unit 1: The Holy Quran and Ahadith-e-Nabvi (S.A.W)
Chapter 1: Reading and Memorisation
Learning Objectives:
Students will be able to:
• To learn Surah Tin, Surah Alaq, Surah Al-Qadr, Surah Al-Bayinnah
with the correct pronunciation.
• To recite these surahs in their prayers and to learn them by heart.
Surah At-Tin
Translation of Surah At-Tin
In the name of Allah, most Gracious, most Merciful

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1. By the fig, and the olive,
2. By Mount Sinai,
3. And by this city of security (Makkah) ,
4. Certainly, We created man in the best make,
5. Then We render him to the lowest of the low,
6. Except those who believe and do good, so they shall have a reward never to be cut
off.
7. Then what (or who) causes you (O disbelievers) to deny the Recompense (i.e. Day
of Resurrection)?
8. Is not Allah the Best of judges?
Answer the following questions.

Q1. What is the meaning of Surah At-Tin?
Ans. figs
Q2. Is it Makki or Madni?
Ans. Makki
Q3. How many verses are in this Surah?
Ans. 8 verses
Q4. What is the theme of this Surah?
• Ans. The city of Makkah is divinely secure.
• The land of Palestine is blessed.
• The fig and the olive hold significance in the sight of Allāh.
• Allāh created the human in the best of forms.
• Those who believe and thereafter do good deeds, Allāh shall reward them limitlessly.
Q5. What is the chapter number of Surah?

Ans. 95 chapter
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Surah Al-Alaq
Translation of Surah Al-Alaq
1. Read! In the Name of thy Sustainer, Who has created (all that exists),
2. Has created man from a germ-cell.
3. Read! For thy Sustainer is the Most Bountiful one,
4. Who has taught (man ) the use of the pen ],
5. Has taught man that which he did not know.
6. Nay! Verily, man becomes grossly overweening.
7. Because he considers himself self-sufficient.
8. For, behold, unto thy Sustainer all must return.
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9. HAST THOU ever considered him who tries to prevent, 10. A slave from praying?
11. Hast Thou considered whether he is on the right way?
12. Or is it concerned with God-consciousness?
13. Hash thou considered whether he may (not) be giving the lie to the truth turning
his back (upon it)?
14. Does he, then, not know that God sees (all)?
15. Nay! If he ceases not, We shall most surely drag him down upon his forehead,
16. A lying, rebellious forehead!
17. Then, let him call upon the council of his own wisdom,
18. We shall summon the forces of heavenly chastisement!
19. Nay! Pay thou no heed to him, but prostrate thyself ( before God) and draw close
(unto Him)

Q1. What is the meaning of Surah Al-Alaq?
Ans. Clinging mass or substance
Ans. 19 verses
Ans. This not only reminds us of Allah's power but also reminds us how weak we
are. We are completely dependent upon Allah for everything. Naturally, because of
this, we would worship only Allah. In the last ayah Allah tells the Prophet
Muhammad (SAW) not to listen to Abu-Jahl.
Ans. 96 chapter
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Surah Al-Qadr
Translation of Surah Al-Qadr

1. We have indeed revealed this (message) in the night of power:
2. and what will explain to you what the Night of Power is?
3. The Night of Power is better than a thousand months .
4. Therein come down the angels and the spirit, by Allah’s permission on every
errand.
5. Peace! This until the rise of the Morn!
Q1. What is the meaning of Surah Al-Qadar?
Ans. Power or fate
Q2. Is it Makki or Madni?
Ans. Makki
Ans. 5 verses
Ans. The theme of this Surah is to acquaint man with the value, worth and
importance of the Qur'an.
Ans. 97th Chapter
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Surah Al-Bayyinah
Translation of Al-Bayyinah
1.It is not (conceivable) that such as are bent on denying the truth – (be they ) from
among the followers of earlier revelation or from among those who divinity to aught
beside God should ever be abandoned ( by Him) ere there comes unto them the (full )
evidence of the truth.
2. An apostle from God, conveying (unto them) revelations blest with purity.
3. Wherein there are ordinances of ever- true soundness and clarity.
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4. Now those who have been vouchsafed revelation aforetime did break up their
unity (of faith) after such evidence of the truth had come to them.
5. And withal, they were not enjoined aught but that they should worship God,
sincere in their faith in Him alone, turning away from all that is false; and that they
should be constant in prayer; and that they should spend in charity: for this is a moral
law endowed with ever-true soundness and clarity.
6.Verily, those who (despite all evidence) are bent on denying the truth- (be they)
from among the followers of earlier revelation or from among those who ascribe
divinity to aught beside God – will find themselves in the fire of hell, therein to
abide: they are the worst of all creatures.
7. (And ) verily, those who have attained to faith, and do righteous deeds- it is they,
they who are the best of all creatures.
8. Their reward (awaits them) with God: gardens of perpetual bliss, through which
running waters flow, therein to abide beyond the count of time; well-pleased is God
with them, and well-pleased are they with Him: all this awaits him who of his
Sustainer stands in awel.

Q1. What is the meaning of Surah Al-Bayyinah?
Ans. The clear proof
Ans. 8 verses
Ans. This surah focuses on the important topic of God providing proofs to the
polytheists and disbelievers in relation to His guidance and also defining who
are the best and worst of creation.
Ans. 98th chapter
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Chapter 2: Beautiful Supplications
Learning objectives:
Students will be able to:
• To learn Hazrat Musa(AS)’s supplication with translation.
• To learn Hazrat Nooh(AS)’s supplication with translation.
• To be aware of the importance and virtues of Kalimah-e-Tayyaba.
• To recite and memorize Kalimah with their meaning in their daily
lives
Supplications
Supplication of Hazrat Nooh A.S
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Supplication of Hazrat Musa A.S
Kalimat-e-Tayyaba
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Supplications (oral)
Asma-e-Husna
Students will be able to:-
• To learn Asma-e-Husna with meanings.
• To learn and make habit of reciting supplications in their daily lives.
• To recite Asma-e-Husna in their routines.
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Names to be memorized :
Al-Kabiro Al-Muqeeto Al-Jaleelo Al-Mujeebo
Al-Hakeemo Al-Majeedo Al-Hafeezo Al-Haseebo
Al-Kareemo Al-Wasio Al-Wadoodo Al-Baaiso
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Chapter 3: Ahadith-e-Nabvi
Students will be able to:-
• To recite 7 Ahadith-e-Mubarak with translation.
• To implement the teachings of these Ahadith-e-Nabavi supplications.
َ ‫َّللاُ أ َ ْن ِف ْق َيا ابْنَ آدَ َم أ ُ ْن ِف ْق‬

." َ‫ع َليْك‬ ‫" قَا َل ه‬.1
"Allah said, 'O son of Adam! Spend, and I shall spend on you."
(Sahih Bukhari :5352)
‫سلَكَ َم ْن‬
َ ‫ط ِريقًا‬ ْ َ‫سلَكَ ِع ْل ًما فِي ِه ي‬
ُ ُ‫طل‬
َ ‫ب‬ َ ‫ق ِم ْن‬
‫ط ِريقًا بِ ِه ه‬
َ ُ‫َّللا‬ ُ ‫ ْال َجنه ِة‬2.
ِ ‫ط ُر‬
“If anyone travels on a road in search of knowledge, Allah will cause him to travel on one of the roads of
Paradise.”
( Sunna Abi Dawood:3641)
َ َ‫عدَ أ َ ْخل‬
." َ‫ َو ِإذَا اؤْ ت ُ ِمنَ خَان‬،‫ف‬ َ ‫ َو ِإذَا َو‬،‫ب‬
َ َ‫هث َكذ‬
َ ‫ث ِإذَا َحد‬ ِ ِ‫آيَةُ ْال ُمنَاف‬
ٌ َ‫ق ثَال‬
"The signs of a hypocrite are three:
Whenever he speaks, he tells a lie.
Whenever he promises, he always breaks it (his promise ).
If you trust him, he proves to be dishonest. (If you keep something as a trust with him, he will not return it.)"
(Sahih Bukhari : 33 )
‫يُس ٌْر الدِينَ إِ هن‬

“Religion is very easy”
(Sahih Bukhari : 39)
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ُ‫س ْفلَى ْال َي ِد ِمنَ َخي ٌْر ْالعُ ْل َيا ْال َيد‬
ُّ ‫ ال‬5.
"The upper hand is better than the lower hand (i.e. he who gives in charity is better than him who takes it).”
(Sahih Bukhari: 1427)
َ ‫ع ْو ِن ْال َع ْب ِد َما َكانَ ْال َع ْبدُ ِفي‬

‫ع ْو ِن أَ ِخي ِه‬ ‫ َو ه‬.6
َ ‫َّللاُ ِفي‬
“Allah is at the back of a servant so long as the servant is at the back of his brother.”
( Sahih Muslim: 6853)
." ‫ب‬ َ َ‫سهُ ِع ْندَ ْالغ‬

ِ ‫ض‬ َ ‫شدِيدُ الهذِي يَ ْم ِلكُ نَ ْف‬
‫ ِإنه َما ال ه‬،‫ع ِة‬
َ ‫ص َر‬ َ ‫ لَي‬.7
‫ْس ال ه‬
ُّ ‫شدِيدُ ِبال‬
"The strong is not the one who overcomes the people by his strength, but the strong is the one who controls
himself while in anger."
(Sahih Bukhari : 6114)
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Unit 2
Faith and Worship
A) Faith
Chapter 1: Belief in the Finality of Prophethood
Chapter 2: Belief in Angels
Chapter 3: Belief in Heavenly Books
B) Worship
Chapter 4: Fasting and its Virtues
Chapter 5: Funeral Prayers and Other Prayers
Chapter 6: Importance and Excellence of Dua
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Unit 2: Faith and Worship
A. Faith
Chapter 1: Belief in the Finality of Prophethood
Learning Outcomes
In the light of the Quran and Sunnah, the students will be able:
• to know the meaning and significance of belief in the end of Prophethood
• to be aware that the belief in the finality of Prophethood is an important feature of
the prophethood of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)
• to understand that the denier of Prophethood is completely excluded from Islam.
• to examine the role of Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (RA) and other Companions for
the protection of the belief in the end of Prophethood
• to strengthen this belief by considering Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) as the last
prophet
• to firmly believe that the Shariah brought by Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) is the last,
complete and comprehensive Shariah, due to which all previous Shariahs have been
abrogated.
• to become a preacher of Islam by believing in the end of Prophethood and fulfilling
its requirements
Finish means to seal, to complete and to be ended. The end of prophethood means that the
series of Prophets which Allah started with Hazrat Adam (peace be upon him) for the
guidance of mankind was completed with Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH).
He (PBUH) is the end of the chain of Prophethood. After him (PBUH) there will be no
prophet or messenger until the Day of Resurrection. Allah Himself has declared him
(PBUH) to be the last prophet and messenger as:
Translation: “Muhammad is not the father of [any] one of you men, but [he is] the
Messenger of Allah and last of the prophets.” (Surah Al Ahzab: 40)
The belief in the end of prophethood is also proved by many blessed hadiths of Hazrat
Muhammad (PBUH). He (PBUH) said,
‫َو ِإنَّهُ ََل نَ ِب َّي َب ْعدِي‬

“And now after me there is no prophet.” (Sahih Muslim: 4773)
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The Prominent Attributes of the Prophethood of Muhammad (PBUH)
The prophethood of Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) has many distinguishing features which
make it clear why Allah has ordained the end of prophethood upon him.
Among these characteristics, the first one is that Muhammad (PBUH) was sent as a
messenger and a prophet not to a particular nation, but to the whole world. This fact has
been explained by Allah Almight as follows:
Translation: “And We have not sent you except comprehensively to mankind as a

bringer of good tidings and a warner. But most of the people do not know.” (Surah
Saba: 28)
The second characteristic is that Muhammad (PBUH)'s prophethood is till the eternal
world. After his mission, the chain of revelation and prophethood ended forever.
The third feature is that the religion and Shariah that Prophet (PBUH) brought is perfect
and comprehensive in every way while the previous Shariah were for specific nations and
limited areas. That is why their teaching was also limited. As Allah says:
Translation: “[Say, O Muhammad]: 'O men! I am Allah's Messenger to you all.”

(Surah Al Aaraaf: 158)
The fourth characteristic is that the book that was revealed to the Prophet (PBUH), i.e. the
Holy Qur'an, is the last word of Allah and is protected from all kinds of distortions until the
Day of Resurrection, while the previous sacred heavenly books are not preserved in their
original form. Their followers have made changes in these books.
Based on these features, the only religion in the sight of Allah is Islam, and if someone
follows any other religion than this, then he is not acceptable to Allah. Following the
religion of Islam believing him (PBUH) to be the last prophet is the only way to salvation.
The one, denial of this belief is excluded from Islam.
The Belief in the End of Prophethood and the Companions (RA)

The belief in the end of the Prophethood was so strong that the companions of the Prophet
(PBUH) waged a regular jihad against every false person who claimed prophethood.
During the time of Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH), Aswad Ansi and then during the caliphate
of Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (RA), Muslima Qazzab claimed prophethood. Hazrat Feroz
Dalimi (RA) killed Aswad Ansi in his palace in Yemen. While Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique
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(RA) declared war against the claim of prophethood of Muslimah and sent an army of
Muslims which included Hazrat Akrama Bin Umar (RA), Hazrat Sharjeel Bin Hasna (RA)
and Hazrat Khalid Bin Waleed (RA). The Muslim Mujahideen won a great victory by
defeating Muslima Qazab in the battle of Yamama. In this battle, which was fought in
defense of the belief in the end of Prophethood, more than a thousand companions were
martyred, among whom a large number of the companions were the Hafiz-e- Quran.
Requirements of the Faith in the End of Prophethood

In order to fulfill the requirements of the belief in the end of Prophethood, it is necessary
that after the demise of Holy Prophet (PBUH), the Muslims should take steps to protect this
belief.
We should follow the comprehensive and complete teachings brought by the Prophet (peace
and blessings of Allah be upon him) and spread this awareness of the religion of Islam in
every corner of the world and establish the belief in the end of Prophethood in the hearts of
people. He (PBUH) is the last Prophet and Messenger and Allah Almight completed the
religion on him, that's why he (PBUH) announced the completion of his duty on the
occasion of Hajj al-Wada, made everyone witness to it and then made it obligatory for the
Muslim Ummah to convey the message of the religion of Islam to all the people of the
world which includes the preaching of the belief in the end of Prophethood and its defense.
We should strengthen the belief in the end of prophethood within ourselves and convince
the deniers of the end of prophethood with arguments in the light of the Qur'an and Sunnah.
We should fulfill the right to love and obey Prophet (PBUH) and present a practical
example of good deeds to the world so that the duty of calling and preaching can be
fulfilled in the true sense and the world will know this fact about the belief in the end of
prophethood that the denial of this belief excludes one from the domain of Islam. That is
why the first caliph Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (RA) waged Jihad against those who
claimed false prophethood along with their followers. The Companions of the Prophet
(PBUH) protected this faith at the risk of their lives and destroyed the deniers by killing
them.
Exercise
a) Tick the correct option:
a) Finish means:
• to knot
• to loosen
• to seal
• to begin
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2- Hazrat Feroz Dalami (R.A) killed:
• Aswad Unsi
• Musalma Kazab
• Talha Asdi
• Sajah Haris
3- The Mujahideen defeated Muslimah Qazab at the:
• Battle of Baas
• Battle of Yarmouk
• Battle of Qadsiyya
• Battle of Yamama.
4- The companions were martyred in the Battle of Yamama:
• 600
• 700
• 800
• more than 1000
5- The denial of the belief in the end of Prophethood is excluded from:
• Islam
• the country
• the city
• the community
2). Write short answers to the following.

a) Islam is the only religion acceptable to Allah Almighty. Why?
b) Write a hadith about the faith in the end of Prophethood.
c) What responsibility did the Prophet (PBUH) entrust to the people on the occasion of
Hajj Al-Wada?
d) How should the deniers of the end of Prophethood be convinced?
e) What is the ruling of Islam regarding the denial of the end of prophethood?
3. Write detailed answers to the following.

a) In the light of the Qur'an and Sunnah, explain the meaning and significance of the
belief in the end of Prophethood.
b) Write the prominent attributes of the Prophethood of Muhammad (PBUH).
c) What are the requirements of the belief in the end of Prophethood?
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Activity
Write down about the belief in the end of the prophethood with reference to Quran and
Sunnah on a chart and paste in your classroom.
Give suggestions to defend the belief in the end of Prophethood.
Chapter 2: Belief in Angels

Learning Outcomes
In the light of Quran and Sunnah, the students will be able:
• to understand the concept of angels and the purpose of their creation
• to understand that believing in angels is part and parcel of the basic beliefs of Islam
• to gain knowledge about the attributes of angels, especially being innocent
• to know the names of some of the angels (such as Karaman Katbeen) mentioned in the
Qur'an and Sunnah and their responsibilities
• to understand that Allah Almighty does not need any creature including angels to carry
out His orders
• to have a firm faith in the light creations of Allah, the angels, in their practical life and
adopt a respectful attitude towards them, keeping in mind their respect and honour
• to explain that denying the existence of angels is blasphemy and it is contrary to faith
Angels are one of the creations that Allah has created in this universe. They have been
called by the Holy Qur'an as ‘Mulk’, in plural Malaik and messengers. Allah has created
them from light. Being immaterial beings, we cannot see them. Angels are free from sins.
They are always engaged in the obedience and worship of Allah Almight. They perform
various tasks in this universe according to the command of Allah Almight. The
commandments that Allah revealed to His Prophets and Messengers or the sacred heavenly
books were revealed through the chief of angels, Hazrat Jibraeel (A.S).
Belief in angels is also included in the basic beliefs of Islam. Allah Almighty said.
Translation: “The Messenger has believed in what was revealed to him from his Lord,
and [so have] the believers. All of them have believed in Allah and His angels and His
books and His messengers.” (Surah Baqara: 285)
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Four Great Angels
The number of angels is innumerable. Among them four are famous and great angels
namely, Hazrat Jibraeel (A.S), Hazrat Mikael (A.S), Hazrat Azrael (A.S), and Hazrat Israfel
(A.S). It was the task of Hazrat Gabreil (A.S) to deliver the message of Allah to the
prophets. Hazrat Mikael (A.S) is responsible for rain, sustenance and the system of winds.
Hazrat Azrael (A.S) is responsible for capturing the soul and Hazrat Israfel (A.S) is
responsible for blowing the trumpet on the Day of Resurrection, which will end the entire
universe and all creation. Then when Hazrat Izrafel (A.S) will blow the trumpet again, all
the people will be alive and present before Allah Almight.
Apart from this, there are many other tasks that various angels are performing and they do
not neglect or make mistakes in their work for a moment. Some of these angels are carrying
the Great Throne and glorifying Allah. Some angels are assigned to heaven and some to
hell. Some are assigned to bestow mercy and some to inflict punishment.
There are two angels on our right and left who are called Karaman Katbeen. They are
responsible for writing down our good and bad deeds. The two angels called Munkar Nakir
are assigned to question and answer in the grave. The angels descend from the sky daily by
the command of Allah Almight for every task and return to inform Him of their
performance. Angels also come in human form, such as the angels who gave the good news
of a son to Hazrat Ibrahim (A.S), the angels who gave the news of punishment to the people
of Hazrat Lut (A.S), similarly, the angels who came to help Muslims on the day of the
Battle of Badr also came in human form. The angel who gave the glad tiding of Hazrat Isa
(AS) to Hazrat Maryam (AS) also came in the human form.
The angels of mercy save people from accidents. They also pray for forgiveness for people
by the command of Allah Almighty. They pray for mercy to be sent down on those who do
good. Those who are firm on Tawheed, angels descend on them and say, "Do not be afraid
or sad, but the good news for you is this paradise that was promised to you. We are
your friends and helpers in this world and in the hereafter.” The angels appointed to
heaven will welcome those who enter heaven. Allah has said,
Translation: “And those who were mindful of their Lord will be led to Paradise in
˹successive˺ groups. When they arrive at its ˹already˺ open gates, its keepers will say,
“Peace be upon you! You have done well, so come in, to stay forever.”
(Surah Zumr: 73)
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Allah Almighty has said about the angels who are assigned to hell,
َ‫ٱّللَ َما ٰٓ أ َ َم َر ُه ۡم َو َي ۡف َعلُونَ َما ي ُۡؤ َم ُرون‬ ُ ۡ‫علَ ۡي َها َملَـٰٓ ِئ َكةٌ ِغ َالظ ِشدَاد هّل َيع‬
‫صونَ ه‬ َ
Translation: “a Fire held in the charge of fierce and stern angels who never disobey
what He has commanded them, and always do what they are bidden.”
(Surah Tehreem: 6)
Angels are busy day and night in worshipping and glorifying Allah, they prostrate before
Him, but they are not proud of their worship nor are they tired of worshipping Him. They
fear Allah and do what they are commanded. Just as Muslims circumambulate the Kaaba,
so the angels circumambulate “Bait-ul-Mamoor” in the heavens. The number of these
angels is so great that the angels who circumambulate once will never get a turn again.
By believing in the angels, the feeling of the grandeur and dignity of Allah becomes
stronger. We are aware that by the order of Allah Almighty, the angels are watching over us
and our good and bad deeds are being recorded. That is why the feeling of responsibility
draws us to goodness and encourages us to stay away from evil. The prayers of the angels
for mercy and forgiveness and their coming down to help us is a source of comfort and
satisfaction for us.
Believing in angels strengthens faith in the unseen. The things which we do not see, do not
mean that they do not exist, but in reality they exist, but our senses cannot perceive them,
and that is why we cannot see them.
Just as it is necessary to believe in Allah, in the same
Remember!
way, it is necessary to believe in angels, the creation
Remember that Allah does not created by light. Allah has mentioned angels in the
need any creature to perform Holy Qur'an. Apart from this, angels are also
His tasks because Allah does not mentioned in Ahadith-e- Nabwi and the holy books of
need anyone. other inspired religions.
Therefore, we should respect these creatures of light of Allah Almighty i.e. the angels, and
do not do anything in our practical life that insults and offends them.
Exercise
a) Tick the correct option:
a) The angels are called ‘Mulk’ in Arabic, its plural is:
• Malaik
• Maluk
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• Amlaak
• Mumalik
b) The glorified great angels are:
• 4
• 6
• 8
• 10
c) The angels circumambulate in the heavens around:

• Bait Allah
• Bait al-Ma'mor
• Masjid al-Aqsa
• Masjid al-Nabawi
d) The angels gave the good news to Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) about the:
• daughter
• mercy
• son
• rain
e) “Munkar Nakeer” are appointed to question:
• in the world
• in the grave
• on the Day of Resurrection
• in the hell
2-Write short answers to the following:

a) Write the names and duties of the four famous angels.
b) What is the responsibility of Karaman Katbeen?
c) In which task, angels are engaged day and night?
d) What does the presence of angels make us aware of?
e) Write about a few tasks Allah has assigned to angels.
3-Write the answers to the following in detail.

a) Why did Allah create angels and why is it important to believe in them?
b) What do you know about the attributes of angels and what are their duties?
c) Find and write Quranic verses and authentic hadiths related to angels with
translation.
Page 25 of 90
Activity
What questions will be asked by Munkar and Nahkeer in grave? Research from authentic
resources and share with your classmates.
Chapter 3: Belief in Heavenly Books

Learning Outcomes
• to affirm their faith by understanding that Allah has sent down the inspired books and
scriptures to His Messengers to guide mankind
• to know the difference between heavenly books and scriptures and the purpose of their
revelation
• to understand that the Holy Quran is the only and last book of Allah which is safe from
all kinds of distortion
• to know the characteristics of the Holy Quran and its glorifying excellence
• to have faith in all heavenly books and follow their teachings but considering only the
Holy Qur'an as the complete code of life among the inspired books
There are many blessings of Allah Almighty on human beings. One of the rewards is that
Allah Almighty sent the Prophets to guide and direct the humans and also revealed the
Heavenly Books and Scriptures to them. In them, Allah’s representation, ways of spending
life according to the teachings of Allah, good and truthful things, reward and punishment,
i.e., faith in the Hereafter have been mentioned. Belief in books i.e. believing in the
heavenly books, is a must for every Muslim. Allah Almight has commanded it many times
in the Qur'an, so it was said:
Translation: “O believers! Have faith in Allah, His Messenger, the Book He has
revealed to His Messenger, and the Scriptures He revealed before. Indeed, whoever
denies Allah, His angels, His Books, His messengers, and the Last Day has clearly gone
far astray.” (Surah An Nisa: 136)
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Divine Books and Scriptures
Among the four famous heavenly books, the Torah was revealed to Hazrat Musa (A.S), the
Zabur was revealed to Hazrat Dawood (A.S), the Injeel was revealed to Hazrat Isa (A.S)
and the last book, the Qur’an, was revealed to Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH). The scriptures
are the short books or scrolls containing good and useful instructions from Allah Almighty
which were revealed to various prophets through Hazrat Jibraeel (AS) so that they
themselves could follow the message of Allah Almighty and guide their people.
All the Prophets (peace be upon them) brought the same religion and the teachings of the
scriptures and books revealed to them were also the
Remember! same. The only difference is that they were short and
The guidance and instructions of limited. There was a change in them. All of them
the Holy Quran are enough for the were completed in the form of the Holy Quran.
people of all ages.
Allah Almighty has said:
Translation: “We have revealed to you ˹O Prophet˺ this Book with the truth, as a
confirmation of previous Scriptures and a supreme authority on them.”
(Surah Maida: 48)
The Characteristics and the Divine Glory of the Qu'ran

The teachings of the Qur'an Majeed are complete, comprehensive and universal for humans
until the Day of Resurrection, that's why the Holy Qur'an has been preserved until the Day
of Judgment. All the jinns and human beings of the world together cannot produce such a
book or anything like it. For these reasons, it is important to believe in Qur'an, recite it,
understand its meanings, meditate on its verses, live according to its teachings, and spread
its invitation.
The complete teachings of the religion of Islam have been given to us in the form of the
Holy Qur'an, which fulfills the needs of every era and will continue to do so until the Day
of Judgment. Just as Prophethood and Messengership ended with the Prophet (PBUH), in
the same way no heavenly book will be revealed after Holy Quran.
In the Holy Qur'an, there are teachings of other holy divine books along with monotheism
and Prophethood, instructions for preparing for the Last Day, rewards and punishments for
good and bad deeds, etc. However, Allah Almight has made its words the highest in style
and the highest in eloquence and literary excellence. The Holy Qur'an is the sacred book in
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which no change of any kind has been made and cannot be made because Allah Almighty
has taken responsibility for its protection. Allah has said,
Translation: “Indeed, it is We who sent down the Qur’an and indeed, We will be its
guardian.” (Surah Hajr: 9)
The purpose is that the Holy Quran is the only safe book in which not only the summary of
other sacred heavenly books is present, but it is superior to all of them. Now there is no
heavenly book and scripture except the Holy Qur'an in its original form because the nations
to whom it was revealed made many distortions in it according to their desires. So it is
necessary to believe in them, that these are the sacred heavenly books that Allah revealed,
but due to changes and distortions they are not viable.
The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) has said:
‫ ث ُ َّم‬،‫ َو ََل نَص َْرانِ ٌّي‬،‫ِي‬ ٌّ ‫س َم ُع ِبي أ َ َح ٌد ِم ْن َه ِذ ِه ْاْل ُ َّم ِة يَ ُهود‬ ُ ‫َوالَّذِي نَ ْف‬
ْ َ‫ ََل ي‬،‫س ُم َح َّم ٍد ِبيَ ِد ِه‬
‫ب النَّ ِار‬
ِ ‫ص َحا‬ ْ َ ‫َان ِم ْن أ‬َ ‫ ِإ ََّل ك‬،‫س ْلتُ ِب ِه‬ ِ ‫» َي ُموتُ َولَ ْم يُ ْؤ ِم ْن ِبالَّذِي أ ُ ْر‬
By Him in Whose hand is the life of Muhammad, he who amongst the community of
Jews or Christians hears about me, but does not affirm his belief in that with which I
have been sent and dies in this state (of disbelief), he shall be but one of the denizens of
Hell-Fire. (Sahih Muslim: 386)
We should follow the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and live our life according to the
teachings of the Holy Qur'an which confirms and covers the laws and teachings of the
Prophets. Now only Quran is the code of life by following which we can achieve success in
this world and the hereafter.
Exercise
1- Tick the correct option.
a) Number of famous sacred celestial books:
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5
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b) This book was revealed to Hazrat Dawood (AS):
• Torah
• Injeel
• Zaboor
• Qur'an
c) The Holy Torah was revealed to:
• Hazrat Idris (A.S)
• Hazrat Yahya (A.S)
• Hazrat Musa (A.S)
• Hazrat Isa (A.S)
d) The teachings of the Holy Qur'an are:
• for the Muslims
• for all the people leading up to the Day of Resurrection
• for some nations
• for the non-Muslims
e) All the holy divine books are summarized in:
• Torah
• Zaboor
• Injeel
• Quran

a) What is meant by the protection of Quran?
b) Why is it important to publicize the teachings of the Holy Quran?
c) What is meant by faith in the holy books?
d) Write down the rights of the Holy Qur'an.
e) What do you know about heavenly scriptures?
3-Write the answers to the following in detail.

a) Why is it important to believe in heavenly books?
b) Write down the purpose of revelation of heavenly books and scriptures.
c) Describe the distinguishing features of the Holy Quran.
4-The following books were revealed to which prophets.

Torah : __________________________________________________
Zaboor: __________________________________________________
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Injeel: ___________________________________________________
Holy Quran: ______________________________________________
Activity
Write and present a speech on the “Glory and Grandeur of the Holy Quran” in class.
Make a list of the rights of Holy Quran including the rights have you fulfilled and the ones
you are trying to perform, then share it with the classmates.
B. Worship
Chapter 4: Fasting and its Virtues
Learning Outcomes
• to know the meaning and purpose of fasting
• to understand the importance and virtue of fasting
• to get familiar with the rules and manners of fasting
• to understand the virtues of physical and financial worship in the month of Ramadan,
especially recitation of the Holy Qur'an, Qiyam al-Lail Taraweeh, Shab al-Qadr, I'tikaf,
Suhoor, breaking the fast, charity and hirat
• to make it a part of their practical life by getting familiar with the routines of fasting of
Prophet (SAW) in the month of Ramadan
• to evaluate the spiritual, physical and social benefits of fasting
• to keep fast with complete religious etiquettes and become pious in practical life
Fasting is one of the five fundamental pillars of Islam. Fasting is obligatory on every sane
adult and healthy person. Fasting is called Sawm in Arabic, which means stopping and
abstaining. In Islam, fasting is abstaining from food and drink and carnal desires from dawn
till sunset.
Importance and Excellence of Fasting
The great importance and virtue of fasting has been described in Islam. The Holy Quran has
described fasting as a means of attaining piety. Fasting is a special form of worship that was
included in every Shariah from Adam (AS) to Muhammad (PBUH). Fasting was made
obligatory on the ummah of all the Prophets. When the month of Ramadan comes, there is a
shower of blessings. By the order of Allah, the gates of heaven are opened, and the gates of
hell are closed. The excellence of fasting is stated innumerably in Hadith e Nabawi. Hazrat
Muhammad (PBUH) said:
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‫ون يَ ْو َم ا ْل ِقيَا َمة‬ َّ ُ‫إ َّن فِي ا ْل َجنَّ ِة بَابًا يُقَا ُل لَه‬
َّ ‫ يَ ْد ُخ ُل ِم ْنهُ ال‬، ُ‫الريَّان‬
َ ‫صائِ ُم‬
“There is a gate of Paradise called Rayan, on the Day of Resurrection, only those who
fast will enter through this gate.” (Sahih Bukhari: 1896)
Rules and Manners of Fasting

Allah the Almighty said in the Holy Qur'an about the obligation of fasting:
َ ُ‫ِين ِمن قَ ْب ِل ُك ْم لَعَلَّ ُك ْم تَت َّق‬

‫ون‬ َ ‫علَى ٱلَّذ‬ ِ ‫علَ ْي ُك ُم‬
َ ِ‫ٱلصيَا ُم َك َما ُكت‬
َ ‫ب‬ َ ‫ب‬ ۟ ُ‫ِين َءا َمن‬
َ ِ‫وا ُكت‬ َ ‫يَـٰٓأَيُّ َها ٱلَّذ‬
“O you who believe, fasting has been prescribed for you as it was prescribed for
people before you, so that you may avoid disobedience.” (Surah Baqara: 183)
It is further stated glorifying the excellence of the month of Ramazan.
‫ان ۚ فَ َمن ش َِه َد ِمن ُك ُم‬ ِ َ‫ت ِمنَ ٱ ْل ُهدَى َوٱ ْلفُ ْرق‬ ٍ ٍۢ ‫اس َوبَيِنَـ‬ ِ َّ‫نز َل فِي ِه ٱ ْلقُ ْر َءا ُن ُه ًۭ ًدى ِللن‬ ِ ُ ‫ِى أ‬
ٰٓ ‫شه ُْر َر َمضَانَ ٱلَّذ‬ َ
َّ ‫سفَ ٍۢ ٍر فَ ِع َّد ًۭةٌ ِم ْن أَيَّ ٍام أ ُ َخ َر ۗ يُ ِري ُد‬
ْ ُ‫ٱَّللُ بِ ُك ُم ٱ ْلي‬
‫س َر َو ََل يُ ِري ُد‬ َ ‫علَى‬ َ ‫ص ْمهُ ۖ َو َمن كَانَ َم ِريضًا أ َ ْو‬ ُ َ‫شه َْر فَ ْلي‬
َّ ‫ٱل‬
َ‫شك ُُرون‬ ْ َ ‫علَى َما َهدَى ُك ْم َولَعَلَّ ُك ْم ت‬ َ َ‫ٱَّلل‬
َّ ‫وا‬ ۟ ‫وا ٱ ْل ِع َّدةَ َو ِلتُكَبِ ُر‬
۟ ُ‫س َر َو ِلتُك ِْمل‬
ْ ُ‫بِ ُك ُم ٱ ْلع‬
“The month of Ramadan (is that) in which was revealed the Quran, a guidance for the
people and clear proof of guidance and criterion. So whoever sights (the crescent of)
the month, let him fast it; and whoever is ill or on a journey – then an equal number of
other days. Allah intends for you ease and does not intend for you hardship and
(wants) for you to complete the period and to glorify Allah or that (to) which He has
guided you; and perhaps you will be grateful.” (Surah Baqara: 185)
The duration of fasting is from dawn till sunset. It is stated by Allah in the Holy Qur'an:
‫ٱلصيَا َم إِلَى ٱلَّ ْي ِل‬
ِ ‫وا‬۟ ‫س َو ِد ِمنَ ٱ ْلفَجْ ِر ۖ ث ُ َّم أَتِ ُّم‬
ْ َ‫ض ِمنَ ٱ ْل َخي ِْط ْٱْل‬
ُ َ‫ط ْٱْلَ ْبي‬ ۟ ُ‫وا َوٱش َْرب‬
ُ ‫وا َحتَّى يَتَ َبيَّنَ لَ ُك ُم ٱ ْل َخ ْي‬ ۟ ُ‫ۚ َو ُكل‬
“And eat and drink until the white line of the morning becomes visible to you, and
then complete the fast until the night.” (Surah Baqara: 187)
During fasting, other than eating and drinking, the things that should be avoided as much as
possible are putting medicine in the ears and nose, chewing or tasting something
unnecessarily, for example salt etc., deliberately swallowing something etc. It is even more
important to avoid the things that are forbidden on normal days during fasting. For
example, lying, backbiting, fighting, arguing, using foul language, harming a living being,
etc. Doing forbidden acts during fasting increases one’s sins.
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Special Prayers of the Month of Ramadan
Ramadan is called the month of Holy Quran. In its
Hadith e Nabawi nights, Qiyam Al-Lail is arranged, and the Qur'an is
“So whosoever is in search of recited in the Taraweeh prayer. Itkaaf is organized in
(Lailatul Qadr should seek it in the the last ten days of Ramazan. Special arrangements
last ten nights of Ramadan.” (Sahih
are made for feeding the poor and giving to charity.
Bukhari: 1158)
Hazrat Abdullah bin Abbas (RA) said that the
generosity of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) increased
even more during the month of Ramadan and he used to be more generous than the wind in
performing charitable acts. (Sahih Bukhari: 1902). Sadaqah al-Fitr is paid at the end of
Ramadan.
Spiritual Benefits of Fasting
Keeping fast is a means of getting closer to Allah Almighty because it is kept purely for the
pleasure of Allah. This sacrifice of the servant makes him the beloved of Allah Almighty.
Due to fasting, greed and voracity are eliminated, and attributes of patience, contentment
and fear of God are generated along with the spirit of self-sacrifice for others.
Due to fasting, the Majesty of Allah and His Glory are created in the heart of the servant so
that he does not violate His commandments even in solitude for fear of disobeying Him. By
keeping fast, the servant realizes the real value of the blessings of Allah. When he breaks
his fast from the sustenance given by Allah, he is grateful to Him, so fasting plays an
important role in making a person grateful.
Effects of Fasting on the Body
Fasting also has good effects on the human body. Because of fasting, the stomach gets rest
for a month and thus fasting increases its efficiency for the entire year and provides energy.
Liver and kidney are also in a state of peace, their strength and energy is also restored.
During fasting, the pressure on the arteries of the heart is also reduced, which is beneficial
for the proper working of the heart. Fasting protects against all diseases caused by
overeating.
Social Effects of Fasting
The month of Ramadan is a month of compassion and sympathy, because of which the
sufferings of the poor and their hunger and thirst are felt. With the blessing of fasting,
people try to avoid all kinds of trivial and grave evils and mischief. In this month, the easy
way to prevent anyone from quarreling or talking about something bad is described by
Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as follows:
Page 32 of 90
:‫ فَ ْليَقُ ْل‬،ُ‫ام ُر ٌؤ شَات َ َمهُ أ َ ْو قَاتَلَه‬ َ ‫صبَ َح أ َ َح ُد ُك ْم يَ ْو ًما‬
ْ ‫ فَ ِإ ِن‬،ْ‫ فَ ََل يَ ْرفُ ْث َو ََل يَجْ َهل‬،‫صائِ ًما‬ ْ َ ‫ِإذَا أ‬
‫صائِ ٌم‬
َ ‫ إِنِي‬،‫صائِ ٌم‬ َ ‫إِنِي‬
“Fasting is a protective shield. When a person is fasting, he must not indulge in any
obscenity or vulgarity. If someone fights him or verbally abuses him, he should reply
by saying twice, 'I am fasting'.” (Sahih Muslim: 2703)
Due to fasting, collective virtues develop in society. In this month, people are more
generous following the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). They try to avoid
moral evils and due to self-sacrifice and self-purification, the atmosphere of the society
becomes pure.
We should arrange fasting in Ramadan and consider this month as a month of training for
ourselves and actively participate in good deeds and avoid evil. In this way, we can adopt
all the attributes of piety that should be present in the practical life of a good and true
Muslim.
Exercise
1-Tick the correct option.
a) Fasting is called _______ in Arabic.
• Salah
• Sawm
• Tazkiya
• Taqwa
b) Sawm means:
• sleeping
• stopping
• speaking
• eating
c) Fasting was made obligatory on:
• some ummahs
• every ummah
• ummah of all prophets
• no one
d) During Ramadan, ________ gates are closed.
• Heaven
• Hell
• Skies
• Barzakh
Page 33 of 90
e) __________ will enter through gate of Rayan.
• the one who pays zakat
• the one who fasts
• the one who offers prayers
• the one who performs hajj
2. Write short answers to the following:

a) Was fasting obligatory for earlier Ummahs? Support your answer with any Quranic
reference or Hadith e Nabvi (PBUH).
b) What should one do in relation to fasting if one’s sick, old or travelling?
c) Which things should be avoided while fasting?
d) When is the Aitakaaf organized?
e) Fasting plays an important role in making a person grateful. How?
3. Write the answers to the following in detail:

a) Fasting is a significant act of worship in terms of virtue and importance. Explain
why and how.
b) Examine the spiritual and physical benefits of fasting.
c) Write an essay on the social impact of fasting.
Activity
Write an essay on any one of the following topics with reference to Quran and sunnah.
• The importance and blessings of Laylatul Qadr
• Social benefits of fasting
Page 34 of 90
Chapter 5: Funeral and other Prayers
Learning Outcomes
• to know the importance and excellence of funeral prayers
• to gain knowledge about the rules and manners of the funeral prayers
• to get awareness about condolence and cemetery etiquette
• to know the importance of Hesuf and Kesuf, Tahajud, Ashrak, Chasht, Awabeen, Istisqa,
Takhti-ul-Wudhu, Takhti-ul-Masjid and Salat-ul-Hajat prayers
• to examine the social effects of funeral prayers
• to know the virtues of Hesuf and Kesuf, Tahajud, Ashrak, Chasht, Awabeen, Istisqa,
Takhti-ul-Wudhu, Takhti-ul-Masjid and Salat-ul-Hajat prayers and perform them
• to attain the closeness and pleasure of Allah Almight by performing various acts of
worship
Funeral Prayer
Funeral prayer is the collective prayer for the forgiveness of the deceased. The funeral
prayer is Farz-e-Kafaya meaning if some people of an area participate in it, then it will be
performed by all, and if no one does it, then all the Muslims living in that area will be
sinners. To perform the funeral prayers, the deceased is placed in front of the imam and the
people are lined up. There is no bowing or prostration in this prayer. In the funeral prayer, a
supplication is made for the deceased after praising Allah Almighty and reciting Darood for
our Prophet (PBUH).
Funeral Prayers and Uswa e Hasna

Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) has given the glad tidings of great reward for those who offer
funeral prayers. He (PBUH) used to go to lead the funeral prayer upon receiving the news
of someone's death. It is narrated from Hazrat Abu Huraira (RA) that a black man used to
serve the mosque. One day he passed away, but Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) did not know
about it. When the Prophet (PBUH) asked about him, people said that he had passed away.
The Prophet (PBUH) said: Why did you not inform me? The people gave their reasons, but
He (PBUH) said, "Tell me about his grave." Then He (PBUH) went to his grave and offered
his funeral prayer. (Sahih Bukhari: 1337)
Importance of Funeral Prayers

Islam is the religion that teaches respect for all human beings even after death. Participating
in the funeral prayer of a Muslim is one of the rights that Islam has set for a Muslim over
another Muslim. It is the right of the deceased that his funeral should be attended,
supplication should be made for his forgiveness and should be buried respectfully. The
Page 35 of 90
requirement of religious and moral values is that the funeral prayer should be performed
along with the participation in funeral procession and the funeral should also be shouldered.
Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) said,
“Whoever attends the funeral of a Muslim out of faith and in the hope of reward, and
stays with him until the funeral prayer has been offered for him and the burial is
finished, comes back with two qiraats of reward.” (Sunnan e Nisai: 1942)
Those who accompany the funeral should follow the funeral and not talk about worldly
things. Funeral prayer is an act of worship that has a great reward. As many people should
participate in this prayer so that a large number of people pray for the deceased.
Attending Namaz e Janazah keeps the memory of death fresh and the person prepares
himself to answer before Allah. Along with praying for the forgiveness of the deceased, he
also repents for his sins and tries to avoid them in future. By sharing the grief of others,
their grief is lightened.
Even after the death of a Muslim brother, feelings of goodwill arise for him due to the
funeral prayer. That is, even after death, he does not remain abandoned, but his Muslim
brothers gather and pray for his forgiveness and with great respect, they collectively take
him to his final resting place. Muslims stand in rows behind an imam in funeral prayers and
learn discipline. Thus, this prayer becomes a means of their collective training and a source
of gaining Allah’s pleasure.
Expression of Grief and Cemetery Etiquettes
On the death of a person, the proper way to offer
Important Note!
condolences to the loved ones of the deceased is to
In Islamic society, mosques hold advise them to have patience and hope for reward. If
the status of religious, political, one visits a deceased person’s house, he should only
social, moral and welfare centres. return after paying condolences. It is not appropriate
to sit there unnecessarily or to have relatives and
neighbours gather there. Food should be prepared for
the family members of the deceased because they are in a state of grief, however, no big
feast should be arranged.
After funeral prayers, going to the graveyard with the funeral for the burial of the deceased
is also a Sunnah of the Prophet (PBUH). This dua should be recited while entering the
graveyard:
Page 36 of 90
‫سلَفُنَا َونَحْ نُ ِب ْاْلَث َ ِر‬
َ ‫ أ َ ْنت ُ ْم‬،‫َّللاُ لَنَا َولَ ُك ْم‬ ِ ُ‫علَ ْي ُك ْم يَا أ َ ْه َل ا ْلقُب‬
َّ ‫ يَ ْغ ِف ُر‬،‫ور‬ َ ‫س ََل ُم‬
َّ ‫ال‬
“Peace be upon you, people of this abode, from among the believers and those who are
Muslims, and we, by the Will of Allah, shall be joining you. [May Allah have mercy on
the first of us and the last of us] I ask Allah to grant us and you well-being.” (Jami
Tirmizi: 1053)
Worldly talk and jokes should be avoided in the graveyard and prayers for forgiveness
should be said for all those buried there.
Eclipse Prayers
In Arabic, a lunar eclipse is called Khasuf and a solar eclipse is called Qasuf. It is Sunnah to
pray two rak'ahs at the time of solar or lunar eclipse. Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) said,
"The sun and the moon do not eclipse because of someone's death. So whenever you
see these eclipses pray and invoke (Allah) till the eclipse is over."
Tahajud Prayer
Tahajud means ‘waking up after breaking sleep’. The Nawafil performed at night are called
Salat Tahajjud. The Prophet (PBUH) always performed it and encouraged his companions
to do the same. He (PBUH) said,
. " ‫صَلَةُ اللَّ ْي ِل‬ َ ‫صَلَ ِة بَ ْع َد ا ْلفَ ِري‬

َ ‫ض ِة‬ َ ‫أ َ ْف‬
َّ ‫ض ُل ال‬
“The best prayer after the obligatory prayers is the prayer at night.”
(Sunnan e Nisai: 1614)
Ishraaq Prayer and Chasht Prayer

Ishraaq prayer is performed 15-20 minutes after sunrise. The Prophet (PBUH) has
described the great virtue of praying two or four rakats of Ishraaq.
When the light of the sun spreads well and the sunlight is strong, the Chashat prayer is
offered. This prayer can be offered until sunset. The Prophet (PBUH) performed four rak'ats
and sometimes even more than four rak'ats at that time.
Awabeen Prayer
The Awabeen prayer is performed after the Maghrib prayer. It is permissible to perform two
rak’ats and recite it up to six rak'ats. Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) has also described the
great rewards and virtues of this prayer.
Page 37 of 90
Istisqa Prayer
Istisqa means ‘asking for water’. When it is not raining, it is masnoon to offer this prayer to
ask Allah for rain. The method of this prayer is that the Muslims should go together in an
open field and pray two rak'ats of the congregational prayer without the call to prayer and
the Iqamah. Then the imam recites the sermon and facing the Qibla, with both hands’
upside down, prays to Allah for rain and the rest of the people do the same. Do this process
for three days. It is also recommended to fast during these three days and to give charity.
Tahiyatul Wudhu and Tahiyatul Masjid

Praying two rakats after ablution is called Tahiyatul Wudu. The Prophet (PBUH) has
described great virtue of this prayer. Hadith of the Prophet (PBUH) says,
“If any Muslim performs ablution well, then stands and prays two rak'ahs setting
about them with his heart as well as his face, Paradise would be guaranteed to him.”
(Sahih Muslim: 553)
After entering the mosque, praying two rak'ahs is called Tahiyatul Masjid. Hazrat Abu
Qatada (RA) said that one day he entered the mosque and saw that Hazrat Muhammad
(PBUH) was sitting among the people so he sat there too. The Prophet (PBUH) asked him
that what prevented him from praying two rak'ahs before sitting?’ He replied, ‘O
Messenger of Allah, I saw you sitting and people were also sitting, so I also sat.’ Then the
Prophet (PBUH) said,
“When one of you comes to the mosque, do not sit without praying two rak'ahs.”
(Sahih Muslim: 1655)
Hajat Prayer
Whenever we have any need, we should pray two rakats of Salat Al-Hajjat in front of Allah.
Then recite the Masnoon supplication of Salat al-Hajjah after praising and glorifying Allah
and reciting Darood, and then humbly pray to Allah to fulfill our needs. Salat al-Hajja is a
Masnoon prayer. The Prophet (PBUH) taught this prayer to the Companions and
encouraged them to offer it.
In view of the rewards and virtues of all these Nafil prayers, we should arrange to offer
them in order to gain the blessings of Allah.
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Exercise
1-Tick the correct option.
a) To offer a funeral prayer is:
• Sunnah
• Farz-e-kafaya
• Wajib
• Mustahab
b) The body of the deceased is placed in:
• front
• back
• right
• left
c) Awabeen prayer is offered after the prayer of:
• Fajar
• Zuhr
• Asr
• Maghrib
d) Attending funeral prayer reminds us about:
• life
• death
• friendship
• past
e) It is recited after the sunrise:
• Ishraq prayer
• Awabeen prayer
• Istisqa prayer
• Khasuf prayer

a) What is a funeral prayer?
b) Why is the funeral prayer called Farz-e-kafaya?
c) How many rak’ats are offered in Khasuf and Qasuf prayers?
d) When is Hajat prayer offered and how?
e) What are the effects of attending funeral prayers?
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3-Write answers to the following in detail.
a) Write an essay on the religious and social significance of funeral prayers.
b) Make columns to compare funeral prayer with other prayers.
c) What do you know about the following prayers?
• Tahajud prayer
• Hajat prayer
• Khasuf and Qasuf prayers
• Istisqa prayer
Activity
What thoughts arise in your mind after hearing the news of someone’s death? What were
your thoughts on the death of your loved ones? Share your views with your class fellows.
Chapter 6: Importance and Excellence of Dua

Learning Outcomes
• to know the literal and term meaning of Dua
• to get awareness of the virtues and importance of supplication.
• to get acquainted with the virtues and importance of Hamad o Sana and Durood Sharif
in the acceptance of Dua
• to get familiar with the etiquettes of Dua, occasions and the different forms of the
acceptance of dua
• to be sure of acceptance and adopt the habit of imploring Allah Almighty in every
situation
Dua is an Arabic word that means ‘calling and asking for help’. Supplication is the essence
of worship, it is the weapon of the believer, it is the servant's expression of humility before
his God and the acknowledgment of His omnipotence and greatness. Dua is a requirement
of human nature. When problems and difficulties surround us, helpless hands are raised
before the Lord and the servant impulsively presents his cry to his Lord who is the Hearer
and answers the call of every caller. Allah says,
َ ‫َوقَا َل َربُّ ُك ُم ۡادع ُۡونِ ۡۤۡى ا َ ۡست َ ِج ۡب لَك ُؕۡمۡ اِنَّ الَّذ ِۡينَ يَ ۡست َ ۡكبِ ُر ۡونَ ع َۡن ِعبَا َدتِ ۡى‬
ِ ‫سيَ ۡد ُخلُ ۡونَ َج َهنَّ َم د‬
‫َاخ ِر ۡين‬
“Call upon Me, I will answer you; surely those who are too proud for My worship
shall soon enter hell abased.” (Surah Mumin: 60)
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Dua is the best remedy for anxiety, depression, despair, worry, and the source of
contentment. Even if the prayer is not accepted immediately, the burden on the heart is
lightened and the intensity of the pain decreases. When a person begins to understand that
Allah is the greatest Doer and His help is with him at all times, then his grief and sorrow
are removed. Belief in the mercy of Allah eliminates despair. The Merciful Lord is closer
than our jugular vein. Allah Almighty Himself says,
‫َان فَ ۡل َي ۡست َ ِج ۡيبُ ۡوا ِل ۡى‬

ِ ‫َّاع اِذَا َدع‬
ِ ‫ب د َۡع َوةَ الد‬ ٌ ۡؕ ‫ساَلَـكَ ِع َباد ِۡى ع َِن ۡى فَا ِِن ۡى قَ ِر ۡي‬
ُ ‫ب ا ُ ِج ۡي‬ َ ‫َواِذَا‬
ُ ‫َو ۡليُ ۡؤ ِمنُ ۡوا ِب ۡى لَعَلَّ ُهمۡ يَ ۡر‬
‫شد ُۡو َن‬
“And when my servants ask you about Me, then tell them I am near. I answer the call
of every believer when they call upon me so let them also answer my call and believe
in me so they may find rightful guidance” (Surah Baqara: 186)
Etiquettes of Supplication:
The supplicant should first praise Allah, then send blessings to Prophet Muhammad
(PBUH), then pray for himself and then for others. At the end of the prayer, recite Durood
and conclude dua by saying Amen. Allah the Almighty himself has explained the method of
how to supplicate as,
ً‫ض ُّرعٗ ا َو ُخ ۡفيَ ۚة‬
َ َ ‫ۡٱدعُواْ َربَّكُمۡ ت‬
“Invoke your Lord with humility and in secret.” (Surah Aaaraf: 55)
The best way to supplicate is to pray silently because praying loudly does not provide
humility and concentration. The second is that it carries the risk of pretentiousness. Allah is
All-Knowing and All-Hearing; He becomes aware of the prayer even that arises in some
corner of the mind. This was the reason that when the Companions of the Prophet (PBUH)
recited the words of blessings in a loud voice, the Prophet (PBUH) said, "O people, be easy
with yourselves (and lower your voices), for you are not calling on one who is deaf or
absent; rather you are calling upon One Who is All-Hearing and Close. The One upon
Whom you are calling is All-Hearing and closer to you.” (Sahih Bukhari: 2992)
This makes it clear that Allah likes us to pray in a low voice. This can also be inferred from
the following verse of the Holy Qur'an in which the prayer of Hazrat Zakaria is mentioned,
‫ِإ ۡذ نَادَى َربَّ ۥهُ ِن َدآٰ ًء َخ ِف ٗيا‬

“When they called out to their Lord in a low voice.” (Surah Maryam: 3)
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Apart from this, it is also important that the supplicant knows what he is asking from Allah.
It is not enough to recite a few words of Arabic or
Remember!
to say Amen for them, but the meaning of these
Do not supplicate for those things supplications should also be known so that the
and wishes that are against the prayer comes out from the heart with complete
law of Shariah. faith and intention.
Discrepancy
The hadith of the Prophet (PBUH) is,
ِ ‫َّللاَ فَاع ِْز ُموا فِي ال ُّدع‬

،‫َاء‬ َّ ‫إِذَا َدع َْوت ُ ُم‬
“When one of you calls upon Allah, let him be determined in the supplication.” (Sahih
Bukhari: 7464)
It so happens at times that a person works diligently in his affairs, even then he does not
reach the fulfillment of his intentions. In such a case he realizes that there must be someone
without whose help nothing can be done. Dua helps us to achieve our ambitions and
intentions.
Occasions and Conditions for Acceptance of Dua

Whenever you pray to Allah, pray with the belief that if Allah wills, even the seemingly
impossible becomes easy. The hadiths of the Prophet (PBUH) have described the unified
occasion of supplication. For example, supplications made between Azan and Iqamah, after
the obligatory prayer, in prostration, on the day of Jumu'ah and in the last part of the night,
are more acceptable.
If there is a delay in the acceptance of dua, then one
Hadith e Nabawi
should consider it as Allah's expediency and should
ُ‫ال ُّدعَا ُء ه َُو ا ْل ِعبَا َدة‬ pray more diligently. Sometimes it so happens that
“The supplication, is worship) the dua we ask is not immediately accepted, but
(Jama Tirmizi: 3372) rather Allah gives us a better form of it. Hazrat
Muhammad (PBUH) said that when a Muslim makes
a supplication, that does not include sin or severance of relations, Allah will grant him one
of three things; his dua is quickly accepted or his dua is saved for the hereafter or evil is
removed from the life of the supplicant. (Musnad Ahmed: 11150)
We should always remember Allah. Be it normal situations or a difficult time, Allah is
always with us. As students, we should pray that Allah Almighty grants us the best and
most profitable knowledge and protects us from such knowledge that leads us astray from
the path of truth. Supplication along with practical efforts is very important for success in
the examination.
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Exercise
1- Tick the correct option.
a) Dua is a ________ word
• Hebrew
• Arabic
• Persian
• Latin
b) Dua means:
• to believe
• to accept
• to call
• to agree
c) For success, hard work is required along with:
• play
• excuses
• Dua
• wealth
d) Allah the Almighty likes us to pray:
• loudly
• without any words
• silently
• in the middle pitch of voice
e) We should remember Allah in:
• happiness
• difficulty
• sickness
• all the time

a) What did Allah the Almighty say about supplication?
b) What is the best way to make dua?
c) How does Allah like us to pray?
d) What did the Holy Prophet (PBUH) say about making supplication?
e) What should we do if there is a delay in acceptance of dua?
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3-Write answers to the following in detail.
a) Write down the importance of Dua with reference to the Quran and Hadith e Nabvi
(PBUH).
b) State the etiquettes of making supplication.
c) What are the benefits of making dua?
Activity
Do you supplicate? If not, then pledge to make dua from now onwards. If you supplicate,
then share an experience of acceptance of your dua with your classmates.
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Unit 4
Ethics and Etiquettes
A) Adoption of Good Habits
Chapter 1: Moderation
Chapter 2: Generosity
Chapter 3: Etiquettes of Education and Learning
B) Avoidance of Bad Hab
Chapter 4: Hypocrisy and Display of Extravagance
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Unit 4: Ethics and Etiquettes
A) Adopting Good Habits
Chapter 1: Moderation
Learning Outcomes
Students will be able to get familiar with good manners and etiquettes in the light
of the Quraan and Sunnah:
• They can get familiar with the importance and excellence of moderation.
• They should be able to understand examples of moderation from the life of
the Holy Prophet PBUH.
• They should be able to understand examples of moderation from the lives of
Ahl-e-Bayt and the Companions.
• To gain awareness of various degrees of moderation and their benefits in
daily life.
• Be able to evaluate the disadvantages of not being moderate in all aspects of
life: eating, drinking, sleeping, waking, playing, and using modern
technology etc.
• Be able to take the path of moderation in all matters of life.
Moderate behavior means frugality and taking the middle path. Islam teaches
moderation in all matters of life. Every order of religion is based upon moderation.
Islamic teachings on moderation are for all matters of life, such as worship,
spending, conversation, behavior, etc.
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Moderation in worship
There is peace in religion which tells us to adopt the path of moderation even in good
deeds like worship. Hazrat Jabir bin Samurah (may Allah be pleased with him)
narrates that he used to pray with Prophet PBUH, “I saw the Messenger of Allah (‫)ﷺ‬
delivering the Khutbah standing up, then he sat down for a while and did not speak,
then he stood up and delivered another Khutbah. Whoever tells you that the Prophet
(‫ )ﷺ‬delivered a Khutbah sitting do not believe him.” (Sunan al- Nisa'i: 1583)
Moderation in spending
Thrift means moderation in spending. This is the path between extravagance and
miserliness. In the Holy Qur'an, where we are prohibited from wasteful spending and
unnecessary spending, it is also said that we should pay for the rights of all relatives
and also the needs of the poor, and the needy. If we don't have anything to give to
those asking for financial help, talk to them gently. A person should spend wealth
according to his needs and not exceed the limit of moderation. It should not be that
they spend all that they have and become empty-handed, poor, and needy. If a person
surrounded by material hardships continues on the path of moderation, one day he
will get out of economic hardship. But a spendthrift, no matter how well-off he is,
has to resort to borrowing or illegitimate sources of income to meet his expenses.
A person should avoid arrogance, boasting, and display, and balance his income and
expenditure so that he can face the dangers of trouble, disease, calamities, and
unemployment. In Surah Al-Furqan, Allah Almight also described this attribute of
His servants.
‫س ِرفُ ْوا َو لَ ْم َی ْقت ُ ُر ْوا َو كَانَ َب ْینَ ٰذ ِلكَ قَ َوا ًما‬

ْ ُ‫َو الَّ ِذ ْینَ اِذَا ا َ ْنفَقُ ْوا لَ ْم ی‬
Translation: And when those people spend, it is neither wasteful spending nor
stingy, and (their spending) is moderate between the two. (Surah al- Furqan: 67)
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Moderation in voice and conversation
Our voices should be low while talking to each other. In the Holy Qur'an, Allah
taught the Companions, (may Allah be pleased with them,) to follow Hazrat
Muhammad SAW. Loud talking affects patients, readers, and people engaged in other
activities. The noise disturbs the peace of the people living nearby. In the same way,
excessive conversation and pointless talk are also prohibited. The teachings of
speaking good words are clear proof of how much this religion respects the rights of
others. It has been ordered for the imam to keep his voice moderate even during
congregational prayers.
Remember! According to Islamic teachings, by adopting moderation in our affairs

we live a successful life.
Moderation in gait
A believer should have moderation and modesty in his general life and relations with
people and should not be proud and arrogant at all. Allah has advised in the Holy
Qur'an to adopt a moderate attitude in life. A believer should neither be indifferent to
people nor be proud, even in his behavior, he must not be arrogant.
It is said in the Holy Quran,
ُ ‫ض َو لَ ْن ت َ ْبلُ َغ ا ْل ِجبَا َل‬

‫ط ْو ًل‬ َ ‫اِنَّكَ لَ ْن ت َ ْخ ِر‬-‫ض َم َر ًحا‬
َ ‫ق ْالَ ْر‬ ِ ‫َو َل ت َ ْم ِش فِی ْالَ ْر‬
Translation: And do not walk too often on the earth, surely you will neither be able
to tear the earth nor reach the mountains in length.
A believer maintains moderation and dignity in his walk, neither walking so slowly
as the sick walk nor so fast as to gasp for breath. But, in a very dignified manner. The
Holy Prophet, (PBUH), walked with modesty and gentleness. Allah mentions the
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attributes of His servants in the Holy Qur'an, one of them is that they walk gently on
the earth.
Moderation in eating and drinking
The Messenger of Allah, (PBUH) always taught his companions; moderation in

eating and drinking. Once Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) asked Hazrat Abdullah Bin
Umer Bin Al-Aas (R.A), “I have got to know that you fast during the day and
worship throughout the night.” He replied, “Yes”. Allah's Messenger said, "O
`Abdullah! Have I not been formed that you fast all day and stand in prayer all
night?" I said, "Yes, O Allah's Messenger!" He said, "Do not do that! Observe the
fast sometimes and also leave them (the fast) at other times; stand up for the prayer
at night and also sleep at night. Your body has a right over you, your eyes have a
right over you and your wife has a right over you.” From this hadith of the Prophet,
peace be upon him and his companions, it is clear that moderation is also necessary
for the matter of eating and drinking
because, for physical strength and power, Remember!
one should not either stop eating altogether According to Islamic
or eat too much. Both are harmful. teachings, by adopting
moderation in our life
Moderation in other matters affairs we can live a
successful life.
The Messenger of Allah, the Prophet,
PBUH, used to teach the Ahl al-Bayt and
his Companions to be moderate.
The scholar of al-Laban, May God bless

him and grant him peace, taught Hazrat Ali this supplication.
َ ‫ و‬، ‫اللَّ ُه َّما ْهدِني‬

‫س ِد ْدنِي‬
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Translation: ‘O Allah, keep me on guidance and moderation (Amen)’. (Sunan
Nasa'i: 5215)
We should adopt moderation in all matters of life, whether it is education, sports,

entertainment, eating, drinking, sleeping, waking up, using computers or mobile
phones. We should not exceed the limit as defined by Allah Almighty. Today, we
have gone beyond moderation in every aspect of life. With excessive use of mobile
phones, quarrels over trivial matters, riots, killings, and looting, we are losing our
relationships based on sectarianism and racism. Individual and collective peace and
tranquility is not possible if we are not moderate.
Exercise
Encircle the correct answer.
Moderation refers to:
i. Rudeness
ii. Bravery
iii. Arrogance
iv. Middle way
Expenses should include
i. Miserliness
ii. Moderation
iii. Extravagance
Loud talk is enumerated as:
i. Hypocrisy
ii. Carelessness
iii. Miserliness
iv. Indulgence
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Write short answers to the following questions.
a. What is meant by moderation in worship?
b. In what matters of life can one be moderate?
c. What does Hazrat Jabir bin Samurah (RA) say about moderation in worship?
d. How can moderation be adopted in conversation? Give examples from the Holy
Quran and Ahadith.
e. What are the disadvantages of not being moderate in food and drink?
Write the answers to the following questions in detail.
a) What is meant by moderation in expenditure?

b) What are the disadvantages of extravagance?
c) What is meant by modesty in gait?
d) Explain the teachings of the Holy Quran in this regard.
e) What can happen in society due to lack of moderation? Explain.
Activity for students
“How can moderation help a student?” Arrange a meeting in the community room.
For teachers: In the light of Islamic teachings, explain the importance and virtue of
moderation and highlight its benefits. By giving real examples to the students daily,
they can somehow be moderate in performing tasks. Hold a classroom discussion in
which students discuss the behavior. Encourage students to apply this trait in their lives
and then share the benefits with their classmates.
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Chapter 2: Generosity
Learning Outcomes
In the light of Quran and Sunnah, students will be able to comprehend:
•To know about generosity, sacrifice and miserliness.

• To learn the difference between generosity and sacrifice.
• Importance of being generous in Islam and our everyday lives.
• To know the negative impact of miserliness and dissipation.
• To study and understand the examples of generosity from Sunnah.
• To understand the societal impact of exercising generosity and forgiving people
quickly.
• To bring a positive change in our lives by absorbing the good qualities of being
generous as it leads to prosperous nations.
Generosity means magnanimousness and munificence in speech and actions and by

the word forgiveness we automatically think of the term “to let go”. It means to use
your wealth, time, physical and mental abilities to fulfill the needs of others purely to
attain the pleasures of Allah Almighty and to let go of your rights over others. Helping
others or serving them is one of the basic teachings of Islam. In the Holy Qur'an, it is
encouraged to distribute one's wealth to the needy and to share the bounty of Allah
Almighty with others. To restrain yourself from helping others with your abilities and
to restrain your possessions is not the teachings of Islam.
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Importance and Virtue:
In the Holy Qur'an and the Ahadith of the Prophet, (may God bless him and grant him
peace) many virtues of generosity have been described. Allah Almighty mentions these
attributes of pious people in the Holy Qur'an; one of them is that they spend their
wealth in the way of Allah. Regarding this, the Prophet, (may God bless him and grant
him peace,) said,
ُ‫سفلَى‬
ُّ ‫واليدُ العليا خيرُ منُ اليدُ ال‬
Translation: The upper (giving) hand is better than the lower

(asking) hand. (Bukhari: 5355)
Did you know?
It is not necessary to be rich
for generosity or altruism.
Those who spend in the way of Allah and those who benefit Benefit others with your
actions and knowledge
the deserving people with their abilities and powers, Allah will
remove from them every hardship and difficulty. Allah protects
people from the fire of hell, who act generously. In the same way, the person who
shows kindness not by showing off in any manner, Allah Almighty will also grant him
salvation from Hellfire. Many people are deserving of immense reward and blessings
from Allah Almighty and are freed from sorrow and grief. Whatever a generous person
spends in the path of Allah Almighty, Allah Almighty multiplies it and returns it to
him. Sometimes the love of wealth gets stuck in one's actions and becomes a cause of
temptation and trouble, Being generous helps in doing good deeds and washes away a
person’s sins and mistakes.
Allah says;
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ٌ ‫س ًّرا َّوع َََلنِيَةً فَلَ ُهمۡ ا َ ۡج ُرهُمۡ ِع ۡن َد َر ِب ِهمۡ ۚۚ َو ََل َخ ۡو‬
‫ف‬ ِ ‫اَلَّذ ِۡي َن يُ ۡن ِفقُ ۡو َن ا َ ۡم َوالَ ُهمۡ ِبالَّ ۡي ِل َوالنَّ َه ِار‬
‫علَ ۡي ِهمۡ َو ََل هُمۡ يَ ۡح َزنُ ۡو َن‬
َ
Translation: Those who spend their wealth by night and by day, secretly and
publicly, will find that their reward is secure with their Lord and that there is no
reason for them to entertain any fear or grief. (Surah Al- Baqarah: 274)
Generosity by the Holy Prophet (PBUH)
Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) was the most generous and selfless of all people. Whoever
was present in the sacred service, Holy Prophet (PBUH), would give him something
and never return them empty-handed. Sometimes they used to buy something from a
person and give it as a donation. Other companions used to share food and drink with
our beloved Prophet (PBUH). He used to distribute wealth and goods among others
and even took the lead in paying off the debts of the others. After the conquest of
Makkah, the Prophet (PBUH), said:
“Any Muslim who dies and has been in debt, it is my responsibility to pay off his
debt.”
(Sahih al- Bukhari: 2298).
Once Holy Prophet (PBUH), said to Hazrat Abu Zarr Ghaffari (R.A.)
“I would not be at all happy if I had gold equal to Uhud and three days have passed
without a single dinar left of it, except the small amount that I left to pay off the debt.
Rather, I should spend it among the servants of Allah in this way”.
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Behaviour of Ahl-e-Bayt and the Companions
Ahl-e-Bayt and the Companions also exercised generosity and selflessness. Hazrat
Khadijah (RA) and other mothers of the believers (RA) were the best examples of
generosity and selflessness. Hazrat Fatimah (RA) and Hazrat Ali (RA) did not leave
the questioner empty-handed despite their poverty. Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (RA)
gave all the property of his house and Hazrat Umar Farooq (RA) half of his property
in the way of Allah on the occasion of the Battle of Tabuk. Hazrat Usman (RA), Hazrat
Abdul- Rahman bin Awf (RA), Hazrat Talha, (RA) and other Companions of the
Prophet (may Allah be pleased with him) also set excellent examples of generosity and
self-sacrifice by spending their wealth in the cause of Allah.
Condemnation of miserliness
The meaning of miserliness is stinginess or parsimony. Miserliness can be described

as not using the blessings given by Allah Almighty and depriving others of them as
well. Not paying the right to one's physical and mental abilities and not letting others
benefit from it is also included in the term miserliness. A miser does not give the wealth
that Allah has given him, to the poor and the needy and does not lend daily items for
use to others. All these are forms of miserliness which is strongly disliked in Islam.
One of the reasons for this is the weakness of faith that the wealth that we spend in the
way of Allah will be wasted and we won’t gain anything out of it, neither will it be
rewarded in any way. Miserliness gives way to selfishness, greed, narrow-mindedness,
cowardice, arrogance, heartlessness, anxiety, fear and love of the world. This is the
reason that even after seeing the troubles and difficulties of others, the heart of the
miser does not develop sympathy for those people. Even one's compulsion does not
induce him to help others, so he is deprived of Allah's mercy and is entitled to His
wrath. Allah Almighty has prepared terrible punishments for such people. Such a
person is the possessor of weak faith and belief, he does not believe in the reward given
Page 55 of 90
by Allah or the punishment in the Hereafter. Miserliness causes irreparable damage
not to an individual but to the entire society. The Prophet, peace and blessings of God
be upon him and his family and companions, said,
َ ‫ش َّح أ َ ْهلَكَ َم ْن ك‬
‫َان قَ ْبلَ ُك ْم‬ ُّ ‫ش َّح فَ ِإ َّن ال‬
ُّ ‫َواتَّقُوا ال‬
Translation: Beware of stinginess and lust, because people before you were killed by
stinginess and lust. (Sahih Muslim: 6576)
We should act generously and selflessly by following the command of Allah Almighty
and the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). We should help our family, friends and
relatives as much as possible. If it is not possible to help with wealth, then one can also
help through actions or knowledge. For example, if a lesson is difficult for a classmate,
and if you make it easier for him, then you are generous and selfless. In the same way,
carrying someone's goods from one place to another while walking is also a form of
generosity. Apart from this, we should also avoid parsimony because we would be
deprived of the love of Allah Almighty and the love of our people.
New Words
Stingy or miser Muttaqi (the adopter of Forgiveness

piety)
Dissipation Generous Parsimony
Exercise
Q1. Tick the correct answer.
Generosity means:
i. hypocrisy
ii. simplicity
iii. magnanimity
Page 56 of 90
A Mutaqqi person spends:
i. in the way of Allah

ii. in showing off in eating and drinking
iii. only on oneself
Parsimony means:
i. Compassion
ii. Miserliness
The cause of miserliness is weakness in:
i. faith
ii. thought
iii. eating
iv. playing
A miser does not spend his wealth:
i. on others
ii. on friends
iii. on family
iv. not on oneself
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Q2.Write short answers to the following questions.
1. Why is the giving hand better than the taking hand?

2. What causes the love of wealth?
3. What did the Prophet, (may God bless him and grant him peace and blessings),
order about the debtors?
4. What is the difference between generosity and stinginess? Write down any three
points on how we can act generously.
Q3.Write the answers to the following questions in detail.
1. Explain the virtue and importance of generosity and self-sacrifice in the light of
the Holy Qur'an and Ahadith.
2. Why is the miser entitled to Allah's wrath? Write with reference to the Holy
Quran and Ahadith.
Activity for Students
Make a poster in which on the right half of the tree, write the benefits of generosity to
children, and on the left side, draw a thorny bush and write the disadvantages of
miserliness on its branches. Then display the poster in the classroom.
For teachers: Encourage the students to save some amount from their pocket money
and when enough money is collected, visit a charity organization or invite a charity
organization to the school, and hand over the money. Apart from this, put forward a
few examples of practising self-sacrifice in daily activities. Supplication to avoid battle
can also be recited.
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Chapter 3: Etiquette of Education and Learning
Learning Outcomes
•To know the milieu of education and training.
• To understand the etiquette of education and learning.
• Be aware of the virtues of religious knowledge.
• Become aware of the importance of asking questions and travelling to acquire
knowledge.
• Understand the importance of loving and respecting teachers and resources (books,
pen, paper, school, etc.).
• Become aware of the rights and duties of teachers and students.
• Be able to strive for purposeful and useful knowledge.
•Become a literate student in the light of the teachings of the Quran and Sunnah.
Education means teaching, telling or learning while utilizing different means.

Education and teaching means that the teachers impart knowledge and skills and the
students learn the knowledge and skills, to receive adequate guidance. Our religion,
Islam has taught us all the manners of living and also there are certain manners of
teaching, learning and acquiring knowledge. Teachers should teach with full effort,
dedication and sincerity. A person should adapt according to the demands of the
modern era so they could master their field. Using modern means should become a
norm as it is also an essential skill. Before learning the etiquette of education, a student
must know the importance and value of learning and useful knowledge. Acquiring
knowledge is the duty which Allah Almighty has ordered before all other duties. In the
first revelation, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) was first ordered 'to read' the verses of surah
al Alaq.
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Holy Prophet, the last messenger of Allah Almighty,
(PBUH), said about those who strive for knowledge:
Remember! An individual's
"Whoever goes somewhere with the intention of gaining physical, mental and
knowledge, Allah will make the path to Paradise easy for intellectual development takes
place only by education and
him." (Jami Tirmidhi: 3646) only if he is performing this
duty to get the pleasure of
Allah Almighty. Keeping this
goal in mind, a healthy society
exists
Etiquette of education and learning
A student should acquire knowledge with full sincerity. It is

of prime importance that he should purify his intention for
Allah Almighty and learn as an obligation to achieve goodness and righteousness from Allah the
Almighty. He should benefit from the knowledge himself and also convey it to the others.
Teachers are the spiritual parents of students. Therefore, a student should listen to them with utmost
respect, attention, and dedication, and provide the ultimate level of respect for those who preach
knowledge, i.e. teachers. Students must avoid wasting their time and the time of others by creating
unnecessary noise and mischief. They should listen, grasp, understand and ponder over the lesson
constantly. The Companions (RA) used to come to learn in the assembly of the Holy Prophet (PBUH)
would sit quietly as if birds were sitting on their heads, and if they moved even a little, they would
fly away.
The student should write down and memorize the lesson given by the teacher. If there is any question
in the mind about something, he must ask the teacher with respect and politeness and seek guidance.
He should develop passion and dedication for knowledge, make hard work his motto and if it seems
necessary to travel far in search of knowledge, then he should never hesitate. Attend congregation
regularly. Sleep on time, wake up on time, eat on time, and play on time so that health is not affected.
A healthy body gives birth to a healthy mind.
Taking care of hobbies and interests is also important for every student. They should not engage in
activities that waste time. One should also avoid the company of such friends who are going to
distract him from his original purpose. Spend more time on education while avoiding unnecessary
use of mobile phones, computer etc.
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One must pay attention to learning such sciences that will benefit him and society. Avoid those things
that harm others and invest time in learning useful knowledge and skills. Along with acquiring
knowledge, one should adopt good deeds and good character and have humility.
To inculcate, fear of God and attain piety, religious education should be given priority. The students
should also pray to Allah Almighty for the acquisition and development of knowledge. Allah
Almighty taught a supplication to the Holy Prophet (PBUH), his family and his companions, for an
increase in knowledge.
٥ً ‫دنی ِع ْلما‬ ِ ‫َوقُ ْل َّر‬

ِ ‫ب ِز‬
Translation: And you should pray that O my Lord, grant me advancement in
knowledge.
(Surat al- Zaha: 114)
We must not use illegal means to acquire knowledge. One should teach the knowledge
he has acquired to others so that this knowledge becomes a continuous charity for him.
The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said that the best of what a person leaves behind after
death are three things; good children who do good for him, continuous charity, the
reward of which he receives continuously and the useful knowledge which is
subsequently practiced (i.e. the knowledge which he taught and passed on to others).
(Sunan Ibn Majah: 241).
The Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) passed on whatever knowledge
they learned from the Holy Prophet (PBUH), to the others without any addition or
elimination of the original content. The knowledge that Hazrat Aisha (R.A.) acquired
from the Holy Prophet (PBUH) was conveyed to all the Companions (R.A) and
Ummahat ul Momineen (R.A.)
A lot of Companions (R.A) of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), used to inquire about
jurisprudential issues from Hazrat Aisha (R. A) and it continued forty years.
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The Companions of the Prophet (may Allah be pleased with him) along with children,
and people of all ages used to get knowledge from Ahlal-e-- Bayt.
Thus, Allah Almighty has given good news to those who listen to the words of
knowledge, wisdom, meditate on them and act upon them.
ۡ ۡ ۡ ۡ ۡ ِ ۡ ِۡ ِ ِ ۡ ِ
ٗ‫سنَه‬ ِ َّ
َ ‫فَ بَشر عبَاد الذي َن يَستَمعُو َن ال َقو َل فَ يَ تَّبعُو َن اَح‬
Translation: So give glad tidings to those of my servants who listen attentively and
then follow the best of it. (Surat al- Zamr: 17, 18)
Students should spend maximum time in acquiring knowledge and also respect the
books, pen and paper through which they acquire knowledge. Do not throw them in
the trash. Make the book your friend. Useful books are the best companions and
sources of knowledge. Handle them properly and keep them in a high place. Protect
them from spoilage or decay. Donate the books that are not in use to someone in need
or to the library. The importance of the pen can be estimated from the fact that Allah
has sworn by it in the Holy Quran.
Teachers give education and training, so do not leave any effort to respect them, serve
them and take their good wishes. Do not talk loudly in their presence. Do not do
anything that causes them pain and suffering. Try to be the best students of your
teachers in every way, pray for them and glorify their names. Have the passion to serve
the nation by reading and writing. Use your skills in the development of the country
and nation. Students are the architects of the future of the nation. So, they should not
waste their skills and time. The best of students is respected in this world and the
hereafter.
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Be respectful to other school staff as well. If they need help, do help them. Treat them
with love and kindness. Don't spoil the atmosphere of the community and school.
Avoid fighting and being part of riots. Protect flowers, plants and other natural
treasures.
New Words
Congregation Glad tidings
jurisprudential Riots
Exercise
Q1. Encircle the correct answer.
a. Education refers to:
i. to teach
ii. to respect
iii. to command
iv. to learn/remember
b. According to the Hadith, acquiring knowledge is:
i. sunnah
ii. Mustahab
iii. obligation
iv. custom
c. For students’ teachers hold a status of:
i. spiritual parents
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ii. friends
iii. relatives
iv. no relation
d. person must attain knowledge when he is:
i. toddler
ii. in his teens
iii. in old age
iv. in every age
e. The students’ should spend more time and focus on:
i. trips
ii. diet
iii. education
iv. resting
Q2. Write short answers to the following questions.
1. Write two Ahadith on the virtue and importance of knowledge.

2. What is the status of teachers in Islam?
3. What kind of charity is teaching others?
4. Why did Allah Almighty urge you to read to increase your knowledge?
5. Knowledge should not be limited to oneself but should also be taught to others,
Why?
Q 3.Give detailed answers to the following questions.
1. Explain the importance of acquiring knowledge.

2. Explain the manners of acquiring education and learning in detail.
3. Teachers hold the status of heirs of Prophets and spiritual parents of students.
Comment
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Activity for seeking education and learning by making a poster of Quranic verses
and Ahadith and displaying them in class.
For teachers: Explain more Quranic verses and authentic Ahadith to explain the
lesson. Explain in such a way that students do not seek knowledge for livelihood but
as worship. Respect for teachers and importance of knowledge, healthy environment
of school and community, good morals and manners: explain all these points.
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(B) Avoidance of Bad Habits
Chapter 4: Hypocrisy and Display of Extravagance
Learning Outcomes
• Know the meaning of hypocrisy and display.
• Know different types of hypocrisy including showing off wealth, clothing, and
status in social gatherings.
• Learn important teachings about the condemnation of hypocrisy and display.
• Get to know examples of condemnation of hypocrisy from the blessed life of the
Prophet (PBUH)
• To be able to evaluate the damages (arrogance, extravagance, jealousy, hurting
others and loss of life and money etc.) caused by hypocrisy and its negative
exposure in practical life.
• By knowing the harms of hypocrisy, one can try to be safe from them in life.
• Be able to adopt sincerity while avoiding hypocrisy in worship.
Hypocrisy or show off means pretending to do something to impress people instead

of gaining Allah’s blessings. That display or exhibition of wealth, property, clothing
or status is supposed to make people famous in the world. Such actions which are
done for the purpose of showing off are not acceptable in the sight of Allah. Hazrat
Muhammad PBUH, said:
ْ ‫ َو ِإنَّ َما ِلك ُِل‬،ِ‫ِإنَّ َما ْاْل َ ْع َما ُل ِبالنِيَّات‬

‫ام ِر ٍئ َما نَ َوى‬
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Translation: The reward of deeds depends upon the intentions and every person will
get the reward according to what he has intended.
(Sahih Bukhari: 1)
Whatever goodness is done, if it is done purely for the pleasure of Allah Almighty,
then such actions are accepted by Allah the Almighty because of the sincerity of the
intention. Pretense is called Shirk-e-Asghar and Shirk-e-Khafi. The Holy Prophet
(PBUH) said,
"Muslims! The most terrifying thing that I am warning you about is shirk asghar
(small degree of shirk)." "What is Shirk Asghar?" The Prophet, PBUH, said:
"pretense"
(Mishkwat al- Mashab: 5100; Musnad Ahmad: 23630)
This hypocrisy, whether it is in worship, in charity, or in acts of bravery, is

condemnable. A promise has been made for this in the Qur'an and Hadith. Since the
purpose of hypocrisy is to express one's arrogance and pride, it is strongly
condemned in Islam.
Allah, the Exalted, advised the Muslims in the Holy Qur'an and said,
َ َ‫ِين َخ َر ُجواْ ِمن ِديَ ِر ِهم ب‬

ِ َّ‫طر ا َو ِرئ َا ء ٱلن‬
ْۚ ‫اس‬ َ ‫َو ََل تَكُونُوا كَٱلَّذ‬
Translation: And do not be like the ones who went out of their homes boasting and
(merely) showing off to the people.
(Surat al- Anfal: 47)
During the time of Hazrat Musa (peace be upon him), Qaroon used to display his
wealth and his immense treasure. He was too proud of it and boastfully displayed his
wealth which he had collected. Qaroon was sunk into the ground along with his
treasures by Allah due to his hypocrisy and pride. Allah says in Quran;
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َ ‫َو َكم أ َ ۡهلَ ۡكنَا ِمن قَ ۡر َي ِة َب ِط َرت َم ِعي‬
‫شت َ َها‬
Translation: And how many settlements we destroyed who were insolent in their way
of living.
(Surah Al- Qasas: 58)
Different forms of hypocrisy

There are many forms of hypocrisy, for example, hypocrisy, in performing acts of
worship such as prayer, fasting, Hajj and Zakat just to show off to people and gain a
good name, so that people are called with names such as pious, and mutaqqi. Such
good deeds are also lost due to hypocrisy and lead to death. The word of Allah is
pure,
َ‫﴾الهذِينَ ُه ْم ي َُرا ُءون‬٥﴿ َ‫سا ُهون‬

َ ‫ص َالتِ ِه ْم‬ َ ‫فَ َو ۡيل ِل ۡل ُم‬
َ ‫﴾ الهذِينَ ُه ْم‬٥﴿ َ‫ص ِلين‬
َ ‫ع ْن‬
Translation: So woe to those who pray, [But] who are heedless of their prayer.
Those who make show [of their deeds] (Surat Al- Ma'un: 4-6)
Hazrat Abu Saeed Al- Khudri (RA) says that once the Companions (RA) were
sitting, Hazrat Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, (PBUH,) came and asked,
"Should I not tell you something that, in my opinion, is more dangerous for you than
Christ the Dajjal?" Hatim al- Nabib, May God bless him and grant him peace, said,
"A shirk that is hidden” (that is, when a person stands up to pray). When he knows if
someone is watching him, he makes his prayer look commendable.
(Sunan Ibn Majah: 4204).
In order to avoid showing off, there is also an instruction to do charity in secret in

Islam. Giving charity and financial assistance to people with the intention of showing
off is wasted, instead of being accepted in the sight of Allah Almighty.
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Allah Almighty said,
ُ ‫صدَق ِتکُمۡ ِب ۡال َم ِن َو ۡاَلَذی ۙ کَالَّذ ِۡی يُ ۡن ِف‬

ِ َّ‫ق َمالَ ٗہ ِرئَا ٰٓ َء الن‬
‫اس َو ََل‬ َ ‫ۤۡياَيُّ َہا الَّذ ِۡي َن ا َمنُ ۡوا ََل ت ُ ۡب ِطلُ ۡوا‬
‫اَّلل َو ۡاليَ ۡو ِم ۡاَل ِخ ؕۡ ِر‬
ِ ‫يُ ۡؤ ِم ُن ِب ہ‬
Translation: O believers! Do not ruin your charity donations (later) by taunts of

doing favour and hurting feelings like the one who gives charity to show off his
wealth to the people and believes in neither Allah nor the Last Day.
(Surat Al- Baqarah: 264)
Showing off food, clothes, luxurious houses and cars is also a form of display. Due to
this, the common man suffers and feels deprived and his heart is hurt. In addition,
many people spend lavishly on wedding ceremonies and other rituals to prove
themselves superior to others, which leads to jealousy and rivalry among people.
Pretentious people can also suffer from the evil eye. Some people get caught up in the
dilemma of making money through illegitimate means and showing off so that people
don't think they are inferior. Thus they ruin both their world and the Hereafter.
That is why Islam preaches simplicity, contentment and moderation instead of

showiness. Its Islamic roots have been embedded into our lives through the practical
life of Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) and his companions (R.A.). They always lived a
simple life and stayed far away from hypocrisy and pretentious display. The wealthy
companions of Holy Prophet (PBUH) including Hazrat Usman bin Affan (R.A),
Hazrat Abd al-Rahman bin Awf (R.A.) and Hazrat Talha (R.A.) never showed off their
wealth in any way. Jihad is an important duty of Islam and is a means of welfare in
this world and the hereafter.
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On the Day of Resurrection, the first person against whom judgment will come will
be the person who was martyred. Allah will make him recognize His (bestowed)
blessing, then he will recognize it. Then Allah Almighty will ask what did you do with
this blessing? He will say, “I fought in your cause until I was martyred. Allah Almighty
will say that: you lied, you fought so that it would be said. This (person) is Jari. Then
a decree will be given about it, so that man will be thrown into the fire. After that, the
man who got the knowledge, taught and recited the Holy Qur'an, will be presented to
Him. Allah Almighty will make him recognize His blessings and he will recognize
them. Then Allah will say what did you do with these blessings? He will say, I studied
and taught knowledge and recited the Qur'an for your sake. Allah Almighty will say
that you lied. Then when the order is given about it,
he will be thrown into the fire. After that, the man on
Remember!
whom Allah had expanded and given all kinds of
Where there is hypocrisy,
wealth, will be brought. Allah Almighty will make there is no sincerity in
him recognize His blessings, he will recognize them. actions. And if something
lacks sincerity, that action is
Then Allah will say: What did you do in them? He useless
will say, I have not left anyway in which you like men
to spend wealth, but I have spent it in every such way.
"Allah will say that you lied, you did (all this) so that it would be said, “he is generous."
(Sahih Muslim: 4923).
If our intention at the time of performing our actions is not pure for the pleasure of
Allah Almighty, then our good deeds will also be in vain.
New Words
Hypocrisy Sincerity
Talk of the town (Popularity) Reward
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Exercise
Q1. Encircle the correct answer.
Hypocrisy means:
i. to admire
ii. to pretend
iii. to hide
iv. to like
According to the Hadith, all actions are guided by:
i. life
ii. health
iii. wealth
iv. intention
Hypocrisy is _______________according to the blessed Hadith:
i. Shirk Khaafi
ii. Shirk Akbar
iii. Shirk Asghar
iv. Shirk Jali
During the time of Hazrat Musa (peace be upon him), __________ used to show off
his wealth:
i. Pharaoh
ii. Baman
iii. Qaroon
iv. Nimrod
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Hypocrisy creates feelings of:
i. rivalry
ii. kinship
iii. love
iv. friendship
Q2.Write short answers to the following questions.
1. What is meant by hypocrisy and display?
2. Why do people show off and display their wealth and status?
3. Does Allah accept deeds which are performed for appearance’s sake?
4. Why is charity directed to be done in secret?
Q3.Write the answers to the following questions in detail.
1. Explain the condemnation of hypocrisy and display in the light of the Holy Quran
and Ahadith.
2. What are the different forms of hypocrisy and display? How can they be avoided?
3. Which social problems arise from hypocrisy? Comment.
Organize a discussion about the different forms of hypocrisy and showmanship. Also
give suggestions on how to avoid hypocrisy.
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Unit 5
Social Behaviour and Conduct
Chapter 1: Human Rights

Chapter 2: Discipline and Respecting Law
Chapter 3: Kasb-e-Halal
Chapter 4: Etiquettes for the use of government
properties and national resources
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Unit 5: Social Behaviour and Conduct
Chapter 1: Human Rights
(Guests, women, passengers, friends)
Learning Outcomes
By the end of this lesson the students will be able to understand:
• the importance of human rights.
• the significance of the rights of guests and passengers, keeping in
mind the excellence of hospitality.
• the position of women by knowing the rights given to them in Islam as
compared to other religions.
• the position and respect of women in the light of the prophet’s (PBUH)
dealings with them.
• the significance of human rights from the lives of the Prophet (PBUH),
Ahl-e-Bayt and the Companions.
• how they can practically make society a cradle of peace and security.
Haqooq ul Ibad means the rights of people. Allah Almighty has enjoined upon us
His rights as well as the rights of His people. These rights are called human rights.
Human rights also include the rights of parents, teachers, siblings, relatives,
neighbours, colleagues, children, elders, and women. For successful life in the
Hereafter, it is necessary to fulfill the rights of Allah Almighty and His people.
The Rights of Visitors
A person who comes to meet someone at his house, office, or living place is his
guest. It is important to respect him and take care of his needs. In our religion, the
arrival of a guest has been considered a blessing. “Hospitality” is one of the
qualities of Hazrat Ibrahim (peace be upon him) that Allah has mentioned in the
Holy Quran.
Whenever a guest came to visit the house of Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH), he
would not leave anything lacking in his service. Whatever was available in the
house, he would put it in front of him. Regarding hospitality, the Prophet
(PBUH) said: “A person who believes in Allah Almighty and the Last Day
should respect the guest” (Jamiah Tirmizi 2500).
It was narrated that Abu Shurayh Al-'Adawi said: My ears heard and my eyes
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saw, when the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) spoke and said: "Whoever believes in
Allah and the Last Day, let him honor his guest with full hospitality." They said:
What is full hospitality, O Messenger of Allah? He said: "One day and one night,
and hospitality is for three days, and anything beyond that is charity towards
him." And he (s.a.w) said: "Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day, let him
speak well or else remain silent." (Sahih Muslim 4513)
A delegation of Christians from Najran came to Madina. The Holy Prophet (PBUH)
made them stay in Masjid-e-Nabawi and took full care of the guests. He also
allowed them to worship in the mosque. (Tafseer Ibn Kaseer, Sural Al Imran, verse
62).
Once a guest came to the house of the Messenger of Allah (PBUH). At that time
there was less no of goat’s milk in the house. He (PBUH) gave all that milk to the
guest. The prophet (PBUH) and his family went to sleep without eating. The
Prophet (PBUH) used the houses of Hazrat Ramla (RA) and Hazrat Ume Shareek
(RA) as guest houses, where guests from outside were welcomed and their service
was well arranged.
Once a guest came to the house of a Sahabi. His wife said there was only enough
food in the house for the children. The Sahabi told his wife to somehow send the
children to sleep and put out the lamp when the guests were eating. So that the
guests would think that they all were eating together. Thus, all the food was fed to
the guests, and he was left hungry. In the morning, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) told the
Sahabi that Allah Almighty was pleased with his act. (Sahih Muslim 2054).
The rights of women
Respecting women, providing them with their rights, and giving them equal status in
society are requirements of Islamic Sharia. Allah Almight has described many rights
of women in the Holy Quran, one of the surahs of the Holy Quran is called Surah Al
Nisa, Nisa means “women”. Surah Al Nisa has a detailed description of the rights of
women and the Shariah rulings related to them. Allah, with the blessing of the
religion of Islam, removed all these bad customs and eliminated the ideas according
to which women were subjected to cruelty and were considered evil creatures. Allah
has given immense respect to every woman. When a woman is in the form of a
mother, sister, wife, or daughter, her respect increases even more. The Prophet
(PBUH) said: I command you to be kind to women. (Sahih Bukhari: 3331).
Our Prophet PBUH said, "A woman entered upon Aisha with her two daughters,
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and she gave her three dates. (The woman) gave each of her daughters a date, then
she split the last one between them. She (Aisha) said: 'Then the Prophet(‫ )ﷺ‬came,
and I told him about that.' He said:' Why are you surprised? She will enter Paradise
because of that.'" Sunan Ibn Majah 3668
Every woman has the right to be respected. The education of both sons and
daughters is the equal responsibility of parents. Many people are lazy or negligent in
educating their daughters, which is illegal in the light of Sharia. Those who educate
and train their children well will succeed in getting the companionship of the
Prophet (PBUH) on the Day of Judgement. Giving sisters and daughters a share in
inheritance is obligatory just as prayer, fasting and other acts of worship are
obligatory. Those who do not give women a share in inheritance commit a great sin.
Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) loved his daughters very much. Before the Prophet
(PBUH) did not think it was good to give birth to daughters, but the Prophet (PBUH)
told people that the person who loves his daughter and trains her well will be with
the Prophet (PBUH) in heaven.
The Rights of a Traveller:

A traveller is a person who is in the condition of travelling. Islam has ordered
kindness and sympathy with travellers so that they can be safe from the
inconvenience of traveling outside the home. The Prophet
(PBUH) said the person who tells directions to a traveler gets a reward that is
equivalent to giving charity. The same goes for carrying a traveler's luggage.
The Prophet (PBUH) has forbidden spoiling the roads and making them difficult
for travelers. The Holy Quran has stated many rights of a traveler. Some of them
are as follows:
1. A traveler is to be seen off with respect.
2. Carry the traveler's burden,
3. Feed the traveler.
4. Assist the traveler in times of need.
5. Show the way to the traveler.
6. Welcome him well as a friend.
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Rights of Friends
Some people are not our relatives or permanent neighbors but study or play in our
house, are with us in the mosque or on journeys. In the Holy Qur'an, it is ordered to
behave well with those who live and sit nearby. Allah Almighty says in the Holy
Quran:
‫ض ُه ْم أَ ْو ِلیَا ٓ ُء بَ ْعض‬
ُ ‫َوٱ ْل ُمؤْ ِمنُونَ َوٱ ْل ُمؤْ ِمنَـٰتُ بَ ْع‬
The believers, both men and women, are guardians of one another.
(Surah Taubah 71)
To behave well with colleagues and friends, and to consider their rights is the
Sunnah of the Holy Prophet. Once on a journey, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) ordered
to treat people well while traveling. Once, there were a few means of transports and
many people to ride. He (peace be upon him) gave one ride to three people
who rode on it taking turns. The Sahaba (RA) wanted to give their ride to the
Prophet (PBUH) but the Prophet refused. Thus he (PBUH) rode and walked at his
turn.
The Prophet (‫ )ﷺ‬said: A man follows the religion of his friend; so each one should
consider whom he makes his friend. (Sunan Abi Dawud 4833)
When a person treats his fellows well, it shows that he has been well-trained
and that he is a good person. Islam has stressed upon the rights of humans. Allah
has insisted on fulfilling the rights of the people along with His rights.
EXERCISE
Q1) Give correct answers.

1) One of the virtues of Hazrat Ibrahim mentioned in the Quran is
a) Archery
b) Hospitality
c) oration
d) Horse riding
2) Al Nisa means
a) stars
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b) angels
c) blessings
d) women
3) Women should be given a share of the inheritance.

a) obligatory.
b) Mustahab.
c) mubah
d) rawaj
4) The traveler should be sent away by
a) giving food
b) giving books
c) giving honor and prayers
d) giving luggage
5) Being good to colleagues and friends shows
a) Education and knowledge
b) wealth
c) Good training
d) religious household
Q2) Give short answers.

a) Write a virtue of honoring a guest.
b) What is the importance of being kind to women?
c ) What is Islam's perspective on girls' education?
d)What is the benefit of treating travelers in a good way?
Q3) Write detailed answers.

a) What are the rights of travelers in Islam?
b) What rights has Islam given to women?
Page 78 of 90
Chapter 2: Discipline and Respecting the Law
Learning Outcomes
By the end of this lesson the students will be able to:
understand the meaning of discipline
understand the significance of discipline
learn discipline from the universe and Islamic principles
understand the laws of the country and assess the benefits of complying with
them
understand the benefits and effects of the rule of law in individual and
collective life and making them a part of their lives
Everything in the world is done under some rules and laws, the name of which is
discipline. Taking care of rules and regulations in our daily lives is called the
observance of discipline. Obeying the laws that the state makes to protect the duties
is called respecting the law.
The law is made to maintain order in society so that everyone can benefit from
their resources while staying within the prescribed limits and working for the
development of the country. The best system should be given to them and they
should be accustomed to leading a life according to the respect of the
has ordered the establishment of order and respect for the law in the Holy Qur'an.
law. Allah Almighty
,
َّ ‫سو َل َوأ ُ ۟و ِلى ْٱْلَ ْم ِر ِمن ُك ْم ۖ فَ ِإن تَنَـ َٰز ْعت ُ ْم فِى ش َْىء فَ ُردُّوهُ إِلَى‬
ِ‫ٱّلل‬ ُ ‫ٱلر‬
َّ ‫وا‬ ۟ ُ‫ٱّللَ َوأَ ِطیع‬ ۟ ُ‫یَ ٰـٓأَیُّ َها ٱلَّ ِذینَ َءا َمنُ ٓو ۟ا أَ ِطیع‬
َّ ‫وا‬
٥٩ ‫یل‬ ً ‫سنُ تَأ ْ ِو‬ َ ْ‫اخ ِر ٰذَ ِلكَ َخیْر َوأَح‬ ِ َٔ‫ٱّلل َوٱ ْل َی ْو ِم ٱ ْلـ‬
ِ َّ ‫سو ِل ِإن كُنت ُ ْم ت ُؤْ ِمنُونَ ِب‬ ُ ‫ٱلر‬
َّ ‫َو‬
O believers! Obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those in authority among you.
Should you disagree on anything, then refer it to Allah and His Messenger, if you
˹truly˺ believe in Allah and the Last Day. This is the best and fairest resolution.
(Surah Nisa 59)
Social crimes, rebellion, disruption of order, riots and lawlessness are all the result
of breaking the law. Allah does not like people who spread mischief in the land or
are instrumental in the spread of mischief. Allah says:
ِ ‫ب ۡٱل ُم ۡف‬
(Surah Qasas:77) َ‫س ِدين‬ ُّ ‫ٱَّللَ ََل يُ ِح‬
َّ َّ‫ِإن‬
Page 79 of 90
“for Allah loves not those who create mischief."
The teaching of discipline from the system of the universe and Islamic
principles:
If you look around you, you will know that every particle of the universe is bound
by a special rule and law. The sun, the moon, and the stars are all bound in one law.
Plants, inanimate objects, and animals are all subject to one law. Even the organs of
the human body are bound by some regulation. If there is a problem in this
regulation, the human body suffers from various diseases or stops working.
The spirit of discipline is used in all the rules of Islam. Prayer is a charming grand
picture of order and discipline. Performing prayer in a congregation creates the
spirit of obedience. It teaches discipline and discipline daily. According to the
command of Allah, Muslims eat halal things until the evening. A Muslim tolerates
severe hunger and pain in the presence of Him. He puts aside his desires and
emotions. He also plays an important role in the purity of the self and morals. They
wear clothes and circumambulate the Kaaba.
The Role of Aswah e Hasna and Mashahir e Islam:
According to the teachings of the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be
upon him), everyone is equal in the eyes of the law. Once a woman of Banu
Makhzoom stole something. That woman had a prominent position in her tribe, so
she wanted to request the Prophet (peace be upon him). Hazrat Usama (RA) was
chosen for this purpose. When he (RA) tried to talk about this with the Prophet
(PBUH), he (PBUH) expressed displeasure and said:
“People before you perished because when one of the honorable would steal,
they would let him go, and if someone from the poor stole, they would punish
him. (Sahih Bukhari: 3475)
A Muslim and a Jew appeared in the court of Hazrat Umar Farooq (RA) with a case.
Hazrat Umar Farooq (RA) saw that the Jew was in the right, so he immediately
decided against the Muslim and in favor of the Jew. During the caliphate of Hazrat
Ali (RA) one time, his armor was lost and it was with a Jew. He was the Caliph at
the time, But he filed a case in the judge's court. The judge asked Hazrat Ali as a
witness. He said, "My son is my slave as a witness to the fact that I own this piece of
armor, but his testimony is not accepted in my favor." So the judge gave the decision
in favor of the Jew. The Jew was so affected by this whole incident that he accepted
Islam and confessed his mistake.
Page 80 of 90
Advantages and Effects:
Islam did not limit itself to giving orders and laws but tried to ensure its
implementation in all spheres of life. A task completed in an undisciplined way
never succeeds in getting the desired outcomes.
For the development and well-being of the community, respect for the law and
adherence to discipline is very important, without them society becomes chaotic.
We can estimate the importance of discipline by looking at our social life, for
example, it is important to have discipline in educational institutions, teaching is
not possible without discipline in any class of school or college.
It is a common observation that the main cause of traffic jams is disorder. Crimes
flare up only when law- breaking becomes common. Petty quarrels flare up when
life is not bound by order and discipline.
Hence, discipline is the secret of all the strength of any nation.
We are a living and dignified nation, we must show discipline at every step to live a
successful life.
Exercise
Tick the correct answer.
1) Allah does not like:
a) Those who create chaos
b) Those who gather wealth
c) The rulers
d) The industrialists
2) The system of the universe is bound by:

a) Humans
b) Allah Almighty
c) Seasons
d) Winds
3) The main reason behind traffic jam is:

a) Speeding
b) Slow driving
c) Narrow roads
d) Disorder
Page 81 of 90
4) The woman who stole was related to:
a) Banu Mahzoom
b) Banu Tameem
c) Banu Adi
d) Banu Umaiya
5) Which of the following is “Mali Ibadat”?

a) Fasting
b) Namaz
c) Charity
d) Remembrance of Allah
Q2) Answer briefly.

1) What is the meaning of discipline and order?
2) What is the meaning of respecting the law?
3) How does Hajj give the lesson of discipline and order?
4) Write a Hadith about discipline and respecting the law.
5) Write any two advantages of discipline and order.
1) What is the significance of discipline and the rule of the law?
2) Discuss examples from the Prophet’s life regarding the respect of the law.
Page 82 of 90
Chapter 3: Kasb-e-Halal
Learning Outcomes:
By the end of this lesson the students will be able to:
the meaning of kasb-e-halal.
the significance of kasb-e-halal.
get familiar with different sources of kasb-e-halal
able to evaluate the advantages of kasb-e-halal and the disadvantages of
kasab-e-haram.
earn through Kasb-e-halal and abstain from dishonest ways of earning.
Kasb-e Halal means earning a livelihood through lawful and legitimate means.
Earning a livelihood is the need of every human being. In Islam, it has been
ordered to fulfill this need through fair means. According to Islamic teachings,
the concern of obtaining halal sustenance is not contrary to trust and piety,
instead the Muslim has been ordered to earn lawfully so that he can worship
Allah without worrying about his livelihood and does not have to spread his
hands in front of anyone.
Significance of Kasb-e-Halal:
In Islam, every means of earning a living that is based on justice and truth and
does not intend to harm anyone is halal, such as trade, employment, farming,
labor, industrialization, etc.
However, usurious businesses, indecent sources of income, alcohol business,
idolatry, and gambling, etc. are not allowed in Islam.
Islam has emphasized hard work. Allah loves those who work hard and earn
their own livelihood. Allah Almighty has ordered Halal food in the Holy
Qur'an. Allah Almighty says:
ُّ ‫ت َما ٓ أَ َح َّل ٱ َّّللُ لَ ُك ْم َو َل تَ ْعتَد ُٓو ۟ا إِنَّ ٱ َّّللَ َل یُ ِح‬
َ‫ب ٱ ْل ُم ْعتَ ِدین‬ ۟ ‫وا َل ت ُ َح ِر ُم‬
َ ‫وا‬
ِ ‫طیِبَ ٰـ‬ ۟ ُ‫یَ ٰـٓأَیُّ َها ٱلَّ ِذینَ َءا َمن‬
َ‫ِى أَنت ُم بِ ِۦه ُمؤْ ِمنُون‬ ۟ ۟ ُ‫َو ُكل‬
َ ‫وا ِم َّما َر َزقَ ُك ُم ٱ َّّللُ َحلَـ ًٰل‬
ٓ ‫طیِبًا َوٱتَّقُوا ٱ َّّللَ ٱلَّذ‬
O believers! Do not forbid the good things which Allah has made lawful for
you, and do not transgress. Indeed, Allah does not like transgressors. Eat of
the good, lawful things provided to you by Allah. And be mindful of Allah in
Whom you believe. (Surah Al-Maida 87-88)
The Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) also ordered to
earn a living through hard work and declared it a duty of a Muslim so that he
Page 83 of 90
does not spread his hands in front of others. The Prophet (PBUH) said:
“Asking for halal sustenance is one of the most important duties after other
duties.”
The Prophet (PBUH) explained the greatness of hard work in the hearts of the
people of his Ummah and said: No one has eaten food better than what he has
earned with his own hands.
The Prophet (PBUH) said that the person who spent the night in such a state
that he was very tired due to the hard work and toil of the whole day, then that
night will be a night of forgiveness for him. (Kanz-al-Ummal: 9215).
He (PBUH) also said: “The Prophet of Allah, Hazrat Dawud (AS) used to
earn his livelihood by working hard with his hands.” (Sahih Al Bukhari:
2072)
Practical Examples:
Earning a livelihood by working hard is the Sunnah of Prophets. The Prophets
did different things. Hazrat Adam (peace be upon him) used to farm. Hazrat
Idris (peace be upon him) knew how to stitch clothes. Prophet Noah (peace be
upon him) knew carpentry. He built a big boat by the order of Allah Almighty.
Hazrat Hud (peace be upon him) used to trade. Hazrat Ibrahim (peace be upon
him) was also a farmer. Hazrat Yaqub (peace be upon him), Hazrat Shuaib
(peace be upon him) and Hazrat Musa (peace be upon him) also earned their
livelihood by working hard. Hazrat Dawood (peace be upon him) had
excellence in ironwork. He used to make swords and armor.
The last Messenger of Allah, Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) did not consider
any fault in working with his hands and hard work. Before the declaration of
prophethood, he (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) used to trade, he
also traveled to the country of Syria for the purpose of trade.
The most important work in Madinah Munawwarah after the migration was
the construction of the Masjid al Nabawi, in which he (PBUH) collaborated
with the Companions. Excavation of khandaq (trenches) was an exceedingly
challenging task in Ghazwa Ahzab. At the most difficult places of this
excavation, the Prophet personally participated in it. He (PBUH) proved with
his example that the real glory lies in challenging work. This is why it is said
that the hard worker is the friend of Allah.
The Sahaba (RA) also used to trade and worked hard. Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq
(RA) used to trade clothes. Hazrat Usman bin Affan (RA) and Hazrat Abd al-
Page 84 of 90
Rahman bin Awf (RA) are among the wealthy companions. They had trade
caravans.
Imam Abu Hanifah, may God bless him and grant him peace, used to trade in
clothes. He would send his goods to Baghdad. He used to collect the profits of
his trade and then buy things for his own needs such as food and clothes and
bring the rest for his teachers and muhaddiths and would tell them to use it for
their needs.
In many parts of the world, Islam spread through Muslim merchants. People
saw their business dealings and observed how they were ethical people and
became Muslims after being influenced by their morality. Advantages and
Effects:
The prayers of the person who earns honestly are accepted, he can
legitimately manage the necessities of life for himself and his family
Working hard for a halal livelihood develops self-respect and self-
reliance and gives heart satisfaction.
As a result of working with one's own hands, pride and arrogance
do not diminish, a man feels peace
By working hard for halal sustenance, a person stays healthy and
ready to face difficult situations
One who works hard for lawful sustenance is saved from begging from
others.
It is our duty not to despise labor and any profession, but to make labor our
pride, to respect the work of the laborers, avoid hurting them, to make their
work easy and the workplace peaceful.
Exercise:
Q1) Choose the correct answer.
1) According to Islamic principles, earning halal is:
a) Farz
b) Mustahib
c) Nafal
2) The profession of Hazrat Hud (AS) was:

a) Agriculture
b) Industry
c) Trade
d) Hunting
Page 85 of 90
3) One who earns through halal means is saved from:
a) Begging
b) Hardwork
c) Getting tired
d) Death
4) The most important task after the migration of Madina was:
a) The pact of Madina
b) Brotherhood
c) Building Masjid Al Nabawi
d) Gazwa e Badar
5) Hardworking is the friend of:
a) People
b) Angels
c) Allah Almighty
d) Hardworking
Q2) Answer briefly.

1) What is the meaning of Kasb e Halal?
2) Write the translation of a holy verse about Kasb e Halal.
3) Write the translation of a Hadith about Kasb e Halal.
4) Write the professions of any two Prophets.
5) Write any two advantages of Kasb e Halal.
1) Write a note on Kasb e Halal in the light of Quran and Hadith.
2) Write a note on Kasb e Halal keeping in view the examples of Islamic
figures.
Page 86 of 90
Chapter 4: Etiquettes for the Use of Government Properties and National
Resources
Learning Outcomes:
The students will be able to:
understand the importance of government properties and resources.
know the importance of honesty.
understand the rules and regulations of using government properties.
learn about honesty from the examples of the holy prophet and his
companions.
evaluate the advantages of protecting and disadvantages of misusing
national resources.
consider damaging the national properties a crime.
National property and resources refer to the things that are owned by the
public. Public property and public resources include all public places, roads,
parks, public forests, public vehicles, electricity and gas, etc.
Whoever has been entrusted with a position, responsibility or power, it is a
greater responsibility for him, he will be questioned about it on the Day of
Resurrection, from the responsibility of a house to the entire empire. He will be
questioned on the Day of Judgment about his responsibility. The Prophet
(PBUH) says:
“Each one of you is responsible and everyone will be questioned about his
responsibilities” (sahih Bukhari: 844).
According to the teachings of the Prophet, every official will be questioned about
his responsibilities on the Day of Judgment. Accountability of public property
and resources is more severe than individual property and resources, because if
the right of an individual is stolen, one will have to answer on the Day of
judgement, and if the right of the whole people is robbed, then all of them will
have to answer on the Day of Resurrection.
Government Resources:
According to the teachings of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of
Allah be upon him, government positions and government resources should be
seen as an “Amanat”. The Prophet (PBUH) compares dishonesty with
hypocrisy. He said: “there are three traits of a hypocrite, when he speaks,
he lies, when he promises, he breaks his promise, and when he is entrusted
with something, he betrays it.” (Sahih Bukhari: 6095).
Page 87 of 90
Once a government official died, the Prophet was requested to lead his funeral
prayer, he refused and said, "You should lead his funeral prayer. He has
committed treason.” When he was searched, a few pearls were found among
his belongings, the price of which was not even equal to two dirhams. (Sunan
Abu Dawood: 2335).
From this incident, on the one hand, it was known that those who betray the
government resources are such criminals in the eyes of the Messenger of Allah
that despite his immense
mercy and compassion towards the Ummah, he is not even ready to offer their
funeral prayers. that even a small betrayal of government resources is an
unforgivable offense because the value of these pearls was not even two
dirhams.
The crime of betrayal of wealth is so serious in the eyes of the Prophet that
the perpetrator does not have the right to enter the guest house of Allah, i.e.
Paradise. The Prophet (PBUH) said;“If a person was given the responsibility
of Muslims and he died in the expression that he was acting treacherously and
dishonestly in this responsibility, then Allah will forbid Paradise for him.”
Theft of government property:
Many people do not consider the occupation of public resources and public
lands as a sin, although in the light of Islamic teachings, stealing public gas,
stealing electricity, occupying public places is a great crime. The Messenger
(PBUH) said, "He who usurps part of the earth unjustly, on the Day of
Resurrection, a collar of seven earths will be made around his neck."
Looting government property and resources is the worst form of theft. The
Prophet (PBUH) said:
“Allah dislikes the one who steals” (Sahih Bukhari: 6783)

If a person steals from someone, then on the Day of Resurrection, the person
who stole will have to give his good deeds to him or his sins will be added to
the deeds of the thief.
Types of betrayal in government service:
Some of the forms of cheating in public service are:
wasting time and non-observance of prescribed hours.
negligence and laziness in performing one's duties and responsibilities.
Page 88 of 90
abuse of authority.
use of government resources for personal purpose.
Placing people close to you in positions they do not deserve.
Exploitation, means using people for your own benefit.
Committing defamation and treachery.
Accepting or giving bribes.
Recommending incompetent person and accepting recommendations
about them.
Dismissal by lying.
It is the duty of every citizen to use government resources responsibly. The
sin of encroaching on government land is greater than encroaching on one's
private land. Stealing gas or electricity is a grave sin. Cutting trees or stealing
wood from government forests is theft. One of the worst forms of tyranny is
the one who encroaches on one's individual property. If a person commits any
such crime he will have to answer to the entire people on the Day of
Resurrection.
Exercise
Q1) Choose the correct answer.
1) The government officers occupy government property and resources as:
a) Amanat
b) Show off
c) The fruit of educational excellence
d) Inheritance
2) On the Day of Judgement, a thief has to give his:
a) Property
b) Good deeds
c) Qualities
d) Life
3) Misusing government property and resources is the worst form of:
a) Theft
b) Corruption
c) Defamation
d) Problem
4) Hiring close friends who are incompetent is called:
a) Theft
b) Nepotism
c) Farsightedness
d) Intelligence
Page 89 of 90
5) Honestly using government resources is the responsibility of:
a) Workers
b) Of urban people
c) Of rural people
d) Of every citizen
Q2) Answer briefly.

1) What is the meaning of government property and resources?
2) What is the significance of public designation and resources?
3) Write the translation of a Hadith regarding theft.
4) Write the translation of a Hadith regarding the significance of public
resources.
5) How should the government resources be used?
Q3) Give detailed answers.

1) Write a note on government properties and resources in the light of
Quran and Hadith.
2) What are the different forms of theft in government resources?
Page 90 of 90

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Lahore Grammar School

Chapter 1: Reading and Memorisation

Chapter 1: Reading and Memorisation

Translation of Surah At-Tin

In the name of Allah, most Gracious, most Merciful

3. And by this city of security (Makkah) ,

4. Certainly, We created man in the best make,

5. Then We render him to the lowest of the low,

8. Is not Allah the Best of judges?

Answer the following questions.

Q5. What is the chapter number of Surah?

Translation of Surah Al-Alaq

In the name of Allah, most Gracious, most Merciful

2. Has created man from a germ-cell.

3. Read! For thy Sustainer is the Most Bountiful one,

4. Who has taught (man ) the use of the pen ],

5. Has taught man that which he did not know.

6. Nay! Verily, man becomes grossly overweening.

7. Because he considers himself self-sufficient.

8. For, behold, unto thy Sustainer all must return.

11. Hast Thou considered whether he is on the right way?

12. Or is it concerned with God-consciousness?

16. A lying, rebellious forehead!

18. We shall summon the forces of heavenly chastisement!

Answer the following questions.

Q4. What is the chapter number of Surah?

Translation of Surah Al-Qadr

Answer the following questions.

َ ‫َّللاُ أ َ ْن ِف ْق َيا ابْنَ آدَ َم أ ُ ْن ِف ْق‬

‫يُس ٌْر الدِينَ إِ هن‬

َ ‫ع ْو ِن ْال َع ْب ِد َما َكانَ ْال َع ْبدُ ِفي‬

." ‫ب‬ َ َ‫سهُ ِع ْندَ ْالغ‬

‫َو ِإنَّهُ ََل نَ ِب َّي َب ْعدِي‬

Translation: “And We have not sent you except comprehensively to mankind as a

Translation: “[Say, O Muhammad]: 'O men! I am Allah's Messenger to you all.”

The Belief in the End of Prophethood and the Companions (RA)

Requirements of the Faith in the End of Prophethood

2). Write short answers to the following.

3. Write detailed answers to the following.

Chapter 2: Belief in Angels

c) The angels circumambulate in the heavens around:

2-Write short answers to the following:

3-Write the answers to the following in detail.

Chapter 3: Belief in Heavenly Books

The Characteristics and the Divine Glory of the Qu'ran

2-Write short answers to the following:

3-Write the answers to the following in detail.

4-The following books were revealed to which prophets.

Rules and Manners of Fasting

َ ُ‫ِين ِمن قَ ْب ِل ُك ْم لَعَلَّ ُك ْم تَت َّق‬

2. Write short answers to the following:

3. Write the answers to the following in detail:

Funeral Prayers and Uswa e Hasna

Importance of Funeral Prayers

. " ‫صَلَةُ اللَّ ْي ِل‬ َ ‫صَلَ ِة بَ ْع َد ا ْلفَ ِري‬

Ishraaq Prayer and Chasht Prayer

Tahiyatul Wudhu and Tahiyatul Masjid

2-Write short answers to the following:

Chapter 6: Importance and Excellence of Dua

‫َان فَ ۡل َي ۡست َ ِج ۡيبُ ۡوا ِل ۡى‬

‫ِإ ۡذ نَادَى َربَّ ۥهُ ِن َدآٰ ًء َخ ِف ٗيا‬

ِ ‫َّللاَ فَاع ِْز ُموا فِي ال ُّدع‬

Occasions and Conditions for Acceptance of Dua

2-Write short answers to the following: