- pieśni wykonywane podczas pracy

- pieśni o pracy

- obecne w każdej
kulturze
- między folklorem
a muzyką popularną
- pieśń pracy afro-amerykańskich
niewolników
- XVII-XIX wiek
- zebrane dopiero
w 1867 roku
(Slave Songs…)
street cries (zawołania sprzedawców),
• szanty (sea shanties) i pieśni portowe - głównie
karaibskie i transkulturowe (np. Grog Time o' Day)

• pieśni pastoralne (pastoral/agricultural)

- pieśni rolnicze (cultivation songs, np. corn-shucking jubilees)
- nawoływania pasterzy (herding songs)

• pieśni kładących tory (gandy dancers songs)

• pieśni więzienne (prison songs, chain gang songs)

 prekursor amerykańskiej folklorystyki i etnomuzykologii
 praca Piosenki kowbojskie
i inne kresowe ballady, 1910
(wstęp do niej napisał prezydent
Theodore Roosevelt)
 od 1933 wraz z synem Alanem tworzy
antologię amerykańskich ballad
i piosenek folkowych
dla Archive of American Folk Songs
 nagrywają work songi, ballady i bluesy
wykonywane przede wszystkim przez więźniów
 1938 r. nagrania ”Jelly Roll” Mortona
 w sumie ok. 10 tys. nagrań dokonanych dla Biblioteki
Kongresu
 amerykański folklorysta i etnomuzykolog, historyk,
polityk

 jeden z akuszerów zjawiska American folk revival

po II wojnie światowej

 współpraca z Archive of American Folk Song

 producent serii filmów o amerykańskim folklorze

(American Patchwork, 1991;
The Land Where the Blues Began, 1995)
 Alan Lomax,
Negro Work Songs & Calls

 Alan Lomax,
Prison Songs (Historical Recordings
From Parchman Farm 1947-48)

 Alan Lomax, Southern Journey,

Vol. 1: Voices From The American South
- Blues, Ballads, Hymns, Reels, Shouts,
Chanteys And Work Songs
 zostało założone przy Bibliotece Kongresu w 1928
jako Archive of American Folk Song

 obecnie ponad milion artefaktów, 4 tys. kolekcji

 pierwsze narodowe archiwum tego rodzaju,

jedno z największych na świecie

 http://www.loc.gov/folklife/archive.html
 Arwhoolie (Cornfield holler)
Oh, I won't be here long.
Oh, Oh, dark gonna catch me here,
Dark gonna catch me here. Oh….
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZPrZ-YsD6sc

 Mealtime Call
Oh, Miss Wright, Why don't you ring that bell?
Oh, Miss Wright, Why don't you ring that bell?
I can tell The way those greens smell.

 Quittin' Time
Ooooh, the sun going down,
And I won't be here long,
Ooooh, the sun going down,
And I won't be here long.
Ooooh, then I be going home.
Ooooh, I can't let this dark cloud catch me here.
Ooooh, I can't stay here long,
Ooooh, I be at home.
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0qihABs5sQk
 Sugar Land, Texas, 1933
 śpiewana o 3 po południu, gdy słońca zawisało na niebie

Go down, old Hannah, Won't you rise no more?

2. Lawd, if you rise, Bring Judgment on.
Lawd, if you rise, Bring Judgment on.
3. Oh, did you hear What the captain said?
Oh, did you hear What the captain said?
4. That if you work He'll treat you well,
And if you don't He'll give you hell.
5. Oh, go down, old Hannah, Won't you rise no more?
Won't you go down, old Hannah, Won't you rise no more?
6. Oh, long-time man, Hold up your head.
Well, you may get a pardon And you may drop dead.
7. Lawdy, nobody feels sorry For the life-time man.
Nobody feels sorry For the life-time man.
 Sugar Land, Texas, 1934 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hx_OOivYYo8
 o psie imieniem Rattler
CHORUS Here, Rattler, Here, Rattler, here,
Here, here, Rattler, Here, Rattler, here.
1. Oh, b'lieve to my soul there's a nigger gone, Here, Rattler, here.
2. Oh, he went right through the corn. I heard old horn blow.
3. Go and get the dog man. Go and get the dog man.
4. Run that nigger to the riverside. Run that nigger to the riverside.
5. Go and call old Rattler. Call old Rattler.
6. Old Rattler come a-yelpin'. Go and call old Rattler.
7. Old Rattler come a-yelpin'. Old Rattler come a-yelpin'.
8. Oh, put that nigger right up that tree. Old Rock couldn't get to three.
9. Oh, he set so long with the sympathy. Oh, run that nigger right lost his mind.
10. Go and call old Rattler. Go and call old Rattler.
11 I. Oh, he run that nigger till he went stone blind, cross the river to the long leaf pine.
12. Oh, he run so far he didn't leave no sign. Oh, got a baby here, got a baby there.
13. Oh, believe to my soul it's the Worldy Fair. Oh, they didn't 'low no black folks there.
14. Oh, trip this time, I'll trip no rna'. Oh, gain' to the North where you can't go.
15. Gain' ring the sergeant. Gain' ring the sergeant.
16. Old Rattler's good, old Rattler's bad. Believe to my soul it's another one gone.
17. Oh, if you can hold it up you can hold right on, Run that nigger right through that corn.
18. Oh, Big Foot Rock is surely gone! Oh, Big Foot Rock is surely gone!
 State Penitentiary, Huntsville, Texas 1934
 pieśń „gwoździarzy” (gandy dancers) pracujących przy torach
 odwołanie do Noego budującego arkę

Chorus Won't you ring, old hammer? Hammer Ring.

Broke the handle on my hammer, Hammer ring.
Got to hammerin' in the Bible. Gotta talk about Norah.
Well, God told Norah. You is a-goin' in the timber.
You argue some Bible. Well, Norah got worried.
What you want with the timber? Won't you build me a ark, sir?
Well, Norah asked God, sir. How high do you want it?
Build it forty-two cubits. Every cubit have a window.
Well, it started in to ranin'. Old Norah got worried.
He called his children. Well, Norah told God, sir.
This is a very fine hammer. Got the same old hammer.
Got to hammerin' in the timber...
 Darrington State Prison Farm, Texas 1934
 mieszanie tematyki świeckiej i religijnej (spirituals)

l. It’s a long John, He’s a long gone, Like a turkey through the corn, Through the long corn.
2. Well, my John said, In the ten chap ten, "If a man die, He will live again."
Well, they crucified Jesus And they nailed him to the cross; Sister Mary cried, “My child is lost!”
Chorus: Well, long John, He’s long gone, He’s long gone.
Mister John, John, Old Big-eye John, Oh, John, John, It’s a long John.
3. Says-uh: "Come on, gal, And-uh shut that do',"Says, "The dogs is comin‚ And I’ve got to go."
Chorus: It’s a long John, He’s long gone, It’s a long John, He’s a long gone.
4. "Well-a two, three minutes, Let me catch my win'; In-a two, three minutes, I’m gone again."
Chorus: He’s long John, He’s long gone, He’s long gone, He’s long gone.
5. Well, my John said Just before he did, "Well, I’m goin' home, See Mary Lid."
Chorus: He’s John, John, Old John, With his long clothes on, Just a-skippin' through the corn.
6. Well, my John said On the fourth day, Well, to "tell my rider That I’m on my way."
Chorus: He’s long gone, He’s long gone, He’s long gone, It’s a long John.
7. "Gonna call this summer, Ain’t gon‘ call no mo’, If I call next summer, Be in Baltimore.
He’s long gone.
 Old Alabama

 Rosie, Be My Woman

 Early in the Mornin’

 Hoe Emma Hoe

 pieśń
minstrel song afroamerykańskich
Jim Along kajakarzy
Josey
Heigh Jim along

szanta
Haul Away, Joe

Historia muzyki popularnej

minstrel afroamer.
songs work song

szanty
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hGO_S_NX5Hg

Historia muzyki popularnej

 afrykańska pieśń niewolnicza

 afroamerykańskie negro prison song

 pieśń ghańskich rybaków

 rytm = ruch

 afro-amerykańskie work songs w Texas Prison

 post-niewolniczy, „zamerykanizowany”
work song o pracy: Leadbelly – Pick a Bale of Cotton (1945)
Take this hammer

 military cadence calls

 Silverman, Jerry, Just Listen to This Song I'm Singin': African-American History
Through Song, Millbrook Press, Brookfield, Ct., 1996
 Fischer, Miles Mark, Negro Slave Songs in the United States, Citadel Press,
Sacramento, Ca., 1991
 Cooper, Michael L., Slave Spirituals and the Jubilee Singers, Houghton Mifflin,
Boston, Mass., 2001
 E. Gioia, Work Songs, Duke University Press, 2006
 N. Cohen, 'Worksongs: a demonstration of examples, w: A. Green, Songs about
Work: Essays in Occupational Culture for Richard A. Reuss (Indiana University
Press, 1993
 Jackson, Gale P., Rosy, Possum, Morning Star: African American Women’s Work
and Play Songs”: Song, Dance, Black History and Poetics in Performance, „Journal
of Black Studies” Vol. 46(8) 2015: 773-796
 N. Cohen and D. Cohen, Long Steel Rail: the Railroad in American Folksong
(University of Illinois Press, 2000