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Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies 163

John Littlewood
Robert J. Howlett
Alfonso Capozzoli
Lakhmi C. Jain Editors

Sustainability
in Energy and
Buildings
Proceedings of SEB 2019
Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies

Volume 163

Series Editors
Robert J. Howlett, Bournemouth University and KES International,
Shoreham-by-sea, UK
Lakhmi C. Jain, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology,
Centre for Artificial Intelligence, University of Technology Sydney,
Sydney, NSW, Australia
The Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies book series encompasses the
topics of knowledge, intelligence, innovation and sustainability. The aim of the
series is to make available a platform for the publication of books on all aspects of
single and multi-disciplinary research on these themes in order to make the latest
results available in a readily-accessible form. Volumes on interdisciplinary research
combining two or more of these areas is particularly sought.
The series covers systems and paradigms that employ knowledge and intelligence
in a broad sense. Its scope is systems having embedded knowledge and intelligence,
which may be applied to the solution of world problems in industry, the environment
and the community. It also focusses on the knowledge-transfer methodologies and
innovation strategies employed to make this happen effectively. The combination of
intelligent systems tools and a broad range of applications introduces a need for a
synergy of disciplines from science, technology, business and the humanities. The
series will include conference proceedings, edited collections, monographs, hand-
books, reference books, and other relevant types of book in areas of science and
technology where smart systems and technologies can offer innovative solutions.
High quality content is an essential feature for all book proposals accepted for the
series. It is expected that editors of all accepted volumes will ensure that
contributions are subjected to an appropriate level of reviewing process and adhere
to KES quality principles.
** Indexing: The books of this series are submitted to ISI Proceedings,
EI-Compendex, SCOPUS, Google Scholar and Springerlink **

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8767

John Littlewood Robert J. Howlett
• •

Alfonso Capozzoli Lakhmi C. Jain

•

Editors

Sustainability in Energy
and Buildings
Proceedings of SEB 2019

123
Editors
John Littlewood Robert J. Howlett
School of Art and Design Bournemouth University
Cardiff Metropolitan University Poole, UK
Cardiff, UK
KES International Research
Shoreham-by-sea, UK
Alfonso Capozzoli
Politecnico di Torino
Lakhmi C. Jain
Turin, Italy
University of Canberra
Canberra, Australia
University of Technology Sydney
Sydney, Australia
Liverpool Hope University
Liverpool, UK
KES International Research
Shoreham-by-sea, UK

ISSN 2190-3018 ISSN 2190-3026 (electronic)

Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies
ISBN 978-981-32-9867-5 ISBN 978-981-32-9868-2 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9868-2
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
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The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
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Singapore
International Programme Committee

Dr. Mohamed Abbas, UDES/CDER, Algeria

Dr. Kouzou Abdellah, University of Djelfa, Algeria
Prof. Abdel Ghani Aissaoui, University of Bechar, Algeria
Dr. Mahmood Alam, University of Brighton, UK
Dr. Nader Anani, University of Chichester, UK
Dr. Martin Anda, Murdoch University, Australia
Prof. Shady Attia, University of Liege, Belgium
Prof. Ahmad Taher Azar, Benha University, Egypt
Dr. Magda Baborska-Narożny, Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland
Dr. Gabriele Bernardini, Universita Politecnica delle Marche, Italy
Dr. Stephen Berry, University of South Australia, Australia
Prof. Frede Blaabjerg, Aalborg University, Denmark
Dr. Samuel Brunner, Empa, Switzerland
Prof. Alfonso Capozzoli, Politecnico di Torino, Italy
Prof. Francesco Causone, Politecnico di Milano, Italy
Dr. Boris Ceranic, University of Derby, UK
Prof. Mohammed Chadli, University of Picardie Jules Verne, France
Prof. Christopher Chao, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Dr. Fathia Chekired, UDES/CDER, Algeria
Dr. George Zhen Chen, University of Strathclyde, UK
Dr. Giacomo Chiesa, Politecnico di Torino, Italy
Dr. Alfonso Chinnici, The University of Adelaide, Australia
Dr. Marta Chinnici, ENEA, Italy
Prof. Francesco Calise, Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
Prof. Dulce Coelho, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ISEC, Portugal
Dr. Stefano Cascone, University of Catania, Italy
Prof. Pooya Davari, Aalborg University, Denmark
Prof. Mohamed Djemai, Universite de Valenciennes et du Hainaut Cambresis,
France
Prof. Tomislav Dragicevic, Aalborg University, Denmark
Dr. Sonja Dragojlovic-Oliveira, University of West England, UK

v
vi International Programme Committee

Dr. Mahieddine Emziane, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi
Prof. Youssef Errami, Chouaib Doukkali University, Morocco
Prof. Najib Essounbouli, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, France
Dr. Stefano Fantucci, Politecnico di Torino, Italy
Dr. Fatima Farinha, Universidade do Algarve, Portugal
Dr. Tiago Miguel Ferreira, University of Minho, Portugal
Prof. Antonio Gagliano, University of Catania, Italy
Dr. Michal Ganobjak, Empa, Switzerland
Prof. George Georghiou, University of Cyprus, Cyprus
Dr. Elisa Di Giuseppe, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Italy
Dr. Cheng Siew Goh, Heriot-Watt University, Malaysia
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Lars-O. Gusig, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Hannover,
Germany
Prof. Mike Hoxley, Anglia Ruskin University, UK
Dr. Atif Iqbal, Qatar University, Qatar
Prof. Hong Jin, Harbin Institute of Technology, China
Assoc. Prof. Mohammad Arif Kamal, Aligarh Muslim University, India
Prof. George Karani, Cardiff Metropolitan University, UK
Prof. Khalil Kassmi, Mohamed Premier University, Morocco
Prof. John Kinuthia, University of South Wales, UK
Prof. Denia Kolokotsa, Technical University of Crete, Greece
Prof. Sumathy Krishnan, North Dakota State University, USA
Dr. Akos Lakatos, University of Debrecen, Hungary
Dr. John Littlewood, Cardiff Metropolitan University, UK
Assist. Prof. Valerio Lo Verso, Politecnico di Torino, Italy
Prof. Dr. Bruno Marques, Universidade Lusiada do Norte, Portugal
Prof. Antonio Gomes-Martins, University of Coimbra, Portugal
Prof. Marco Carlo Masoero, Politecnico di Torino, Italy
Dr. Jasper Mbachu, Bond University, Australia
Dr. Nachida Kasbadji Merzouk, CDER, Algeria
Prof. Ahmed Mezrhab, University Mohammed First, Oujda, Morocco
Dr. Pablo Benitez Mongelos, University of Aveiro, Portugal
Mr. Jon Moorhouse, University of Liverpool, UK
Prof. Eugenio Morello, Politecnico di Milano, Italy
Dr. Michele Morganti, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
Prof. Nacer Kouider M’Sirdi, Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Information et des
Systèmes, France
Prof. Aziz Naamane, Aix Marseille Universite, France
Dr. Benedetto Nastasi, Tu Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
Prof. Francesco Nocera, University of Catania, Italy
Mr. Emeka Efe Osaji, Leeds Beckett University, UK
Dr. Paul Osmond, University of New South Wales, Australia
Dr. Fabiana Silvero Prieto, University of Aveiro, Portugal
Prof. Abdelhamid Rabhi, MIS Amiens, France
Prof. João Ramos, Polytechnic of Leiria, Portugal
International Programme Committee vii

Prof. Carlo Renno, University of Salerno, Italy

Prof. Saffa Riffat, University of Nottingham, UK
Dr. Eric Roberts, Integrated Environmental Solutions Ltd, UK
Prof. Fernanda Rodrigues, University of Aveiro, Portugal
Prof. Antonio Ruano, University of Algarve, Portugal
Dr. Atul Sagade, Renewable Energy Innovation and Research Foundation, India
Dr. Wilfried van Sark, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
Assist. Prof. Francesca Scalisi, University of Palermo, Italy
Prof. Gaetano Antonio Sciuto, University of Catania, Italy
Mrs. Geraldine Seguela, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
Assoc. Prof. Begum Sertyesilisik, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
Dr. Anjali Sharma Krishan, Architect Planner, India
Prof. Nilkanth N.Shinde, Shivaji University, India
Dr. Marina Sokolova, Orel State University, Russia
Prof. Shyam Lal Soni, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, India
Prof. Fionn Stevenson, The University of Sheffield School of Architecture, UK
Dr. Ali Tahri, University of science and technology of Oran Mohamed Boudiaf,
Algeria
Prof. Giuseppe Marco Tina, University of Catania, Italy
Mrs. Linda Toledo, De Montfort University, UK
Prof. Paolo Tronville, Politecnico di Torino, Italy
Dr. Simon Tucker, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
Mrs. Maria Unuigbe, Leeds Beckett University, UK
Prof. Romeu Vicente, University of Aveiro, Portugal
Dr. Simon Walters, University of Brighton, UK
Prof. Huai Wang, Aalborg University, Denmark
Prof. Xiongfei Wang, Aalborg University, Denmark
Dr. Jannis Wernery, Empa, Switzerland
Assoc. Prof. Sara Wilkinson, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
Prof. Yongheng Yang, Aalborg University, Denmark
Prof. Geun Young Yun, Kyung Hee University, South Korea
Prof. Smail Zouggar, University Mohammed first Oujda, Morocco
Preface

The 11th International Conference on Sustainability and Energy in Buildings 2019

(SEB-19) was a major international conference held in Budapest during 4–5 July
2019 organised by KES International in partnership with Cardiff Metropolitan
University, Wales, UK.
SEB-19 invited contributions on a range of topics related to sustainable build-
ings and explored innovative themes regarding sustainable energy systems.
The aim of the conference was to bring together researchers and government and
industry professionals to discuss the future of energy in buildings, neighbourhoods
and cities from a theoretical, practical, implementation and simulation perspective.
The conference formed an exciting chance to present, interact and learn about the
latest research and practical developments on the subject.
The conference featured General Tracks chaired by experts in the field, and in
addition, 13 Invited Sessions were proposed by prominent researchers.
SEB-19 featured two keynote speakers: Philippe Moseley, Senior Project
Advisor from the Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises
(EASME), at the European Commission, who gave a talk entitled EU support to
decarbonise the building stock and Prof. Fernanda Rodrigues, University of Aveiro,
Portugal, who gave a talk entitled Climate Changes’ Impact on the durability and
energy performance of buildings.
The conference attracted submissions from around the world. Submissions for
the Full-Paper Track were subjected to a blind peer-review process. Only the best
of these were selected for presentation at the conference and publication in the
proceedings in a volume in the KES-Springer ‘Smart Innovation, Systems and
Technologies’ series. Submissions for the Short-Paper Track were subjected to a
‘lighter-touch’ review and may be published elsewhere.
Thanks are due to the very many people who have given their time and goodwill
freely to make SEB-19 a success. We would like to thank the members of the
International Programme Committee who were essential in providing their reviews
of the conference papers. We thank the high-profile keynote speakers for providing
interesting talks to inform delegates and provoke discussion. Important contributors

ix
x Preface

to the conference were made by the authors, presenters and delegates without whom
the conference could not have taken place, so we offer them our thanks.
It is intended that this volume provides a useful and informative snapshot of
recent research developments in the important and vibrant area of Sustainability in
Energy and Buildings.
SEB-19 Conference Chairs

Poole, UK Prof. Robert J. Howlett

Cardiff, Wales, UK Dr. John Littlewood
Turin, Italy Dr. Alfonso Capozzoli
Canberra, Australia Prof. Lakhmi C. Jain
Contents

1 The Utilisation of Smart Meter Technology to Increase Energy

Awareness for Residential Buildings in Queensland, Australia . . . . 1
Olusola Charles Akinsipe, Domagoj Leskarac, Sascha Stegen,
Diego Moya and Parasad Kaparaju
2 Impact of Building Massing on Energy Efficient School
Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Yasemin Afacan and Ali Ranjbar
3 Solar Home System with Peak-Shaving Function and Smart
Control in Hot Water Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Bin-Juine Huang, Po-Chien Hsu, Shen-Jie Sia, Min-Han Wu,
Zi-Ming Dong, Jia-Wei Wang, Ming-Jia Lee, Jen-Fu Yeh,
Min-Tso Wu, Ji-Ding Wu, Yan-An Pan, Ming-Shian Chen,
Po-Hsien Wu, Kang Li and Kung-Yen Lee
4 Influential Factors on Using Reclaimed and Recycled
Building Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Zahra Balador, Morten Gjerde and Nigel Isaacs
5 Energy and Economic Analyses for Supporting Early Design
Stages: Introducing Uncertainty in Simulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Giacomo Chiesa and Elena Fregonara
6 Using Evidence Accumulation-Based Clustering and Symbolic
Transformation to Group Multiple Buildings Based on Electricity
Usage Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Kehua Li, Zhenjun Ma, Duane Robinson and Jun Ma
7 Laboratory Tests of High-Performance Thermal Insulations . . . . . 73
Zsolt Kovács, Sándor Szanyi, István Budai and Ákos Lakatos

xi
xii Contents

8 A Conceptual Methodology for Estimating Embodied Carbon

Emissions of Buildings in Sri Lanka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Amalka Nawarathna, Zaid Alwan, Barry Gledson
and Nirodha Fernando
9 Suitability of Passivhaus Design for Housing Projects
in Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Vincenzo Costanzo, J. E. Carrillo Gómez, Gianpiero Evola
and Luigi Marletta
10 Earth–Air Heat Exchanger Potential Under Future Climate
Change Scenarios in Nine North American Cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
A. Zajch, W. Gough and G. Chiesa
11 Developing a Didactic Thermal Chamber for Building Envelope
Material Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Bechara Nehme, Fadi Moucharrafie, Tilda Akiki, Rida Nuwayhid,
Paul Abi Khattar Zgheib and Barbar Zeghondy
12 The Relationship Between the Form of Enclosed Residential
Areas and Microclimate in Severe Cold Area of China . . . . . . . . . 135
Tingkai Yan, Hong Jin and Hua Zhao
13 The Successful Introduction of Energy Efficiency in Higher
Education Institution Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Dirk V. H. K. Franco, Marijke Maes, Lieven Vanstraelen,
Miquel Casas and Marleen Schepers
14 LCA Integration in the Construction Industry: A Case Study
of a Sustainable Building in Aveiro University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Kamar Aljundi, Fernanda Rodrigues, Armando Pinto and Ana Dias
15 Standard-Based Analysis of Measurement Uncertainty
for the Determination of Thermal Conductivity of Super
Insulating Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Chiara Cucchi, Alice Lorenzati, Sebastian Treml,
Christoph Sprengard and Marco Perino
16 Field Experimental Study on Energy Performance of Aerogel
Glazings with Hollow Silica: Preliminary Results
in Mid-Season Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
C. Buratti, E. Moretti, E. Belloni, F. Merli, V. Piermatti and T. Ihara
17 ‘Zukunftsquartier’—On the Path to Plus Energy
Neighbourhoods in Vienna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Jens Leibold, Simon Schneider, Momir Tabakovic, Thomas Zelger,
Daniel Bell, Petra Schöfmann and Nadja Bartlmä
Contents xiii

18 Electrical Devices Identification Driven by Features

and Based on Machine Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Andrea Tundis, Ali Faizan and Max Mühlhäuser
19 Maslow in the Mud. Contrast Between Qualitative
and Quantitative Assessment of Thermal Performance
in Historic Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Marcin Mateusz Kołakowski
20 Hidden Building Performance Evaluation Sources:
What Can Trip Advisor and Other Informal User-Generated
Data Tell Us? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Julie Godefroy
21 Use of an Object-Oriented System for Optimizing Life Cycle
Embodied Energy and Life Cycle Material Cost of Shopping
Centres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
K. K. Weththasinghe, André Stephan, Valerie Francis
and Piyush Tiwari
22 Hygrothermal Characterization of High-Performance
Aerogel-Based Internal Plaster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Stefano Fantucci, Elisa Fenoglio, Valentina Serra, Marco Perino,
Marco Dutto and Valentina Marino
23 Combining Conservation and Visitors’ Fruition for Sustainable
Building Heritage Use: Application to a Hypogeum . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
Benedetta Gregorini, Michele Lucesoli, Gabriele Bernardini,
Enrico Quagliarini and Marco D’Orazio
24 Energy Savings and Summer Thermal Comfort for Retrofitted
Buildings: A Complex Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Gianpiero Evola, Luigi Marletta and Federica Avola
25 Building Energy Simulation of Traditional Listed Dwellings
in the UK: Data Sourcing for a Base-Case Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Michela Menconi, Noel Painting and Poorang Piroozfar
26 Building Insulating Materials from Agricultural By-Products:
A Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Santi Maria Cascone, Stefano Cascone and Matteo Vitale
27 Energy Consumption and Retrofitting Potential of Latvian
Unclassified Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Anatolijs Borodinecs, Aleksandrs Geikins and Aleksejs Prozuments
28 Towards a User-Centered and Condition-Based Approach
in Building Operation and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
Gabriele Bernardini and Elisa Di Giuseppe
xiv Contents

29 Towards a Near-Zero Energy Landmark Building

Using Building Integrated Photovoltaics: The Case
of the Van Unnik Building at Utrecht Science Park . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Wilfried van Sark and Eelke Bontekoe
30 Internal Insulation of Historic Buildings: A Stochastic Approach
to Life Cycle Costing Within RIBuild EU Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
Elisa Di Giuseppe, Gianluca Maracchini, Andrea Gianangeli,
Gabriele Bernardini and Marco D’Orazio
31 Process for the Formulation of Natural Mortars Based
on the Use of a New Natural Hydraulic Binder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
Santi Maria Cascone, Giuseppe Antonio Longhitano,
Renata Rapisarda and Nicoletta Tomasello
32 Assessment of the Efficiency and Reliability of the District
Heating Systems Within Different Development Scenarios . . . . . . . 371
Aleksandrs Zajacs, Anatolijs Borodiņecs and Raimonds Bogdanovičs
33 Architects’ Tactics to Embed as-Designed Performance
in the Design Process of Low Energy Non-domestic Buildings . . . . 383
Gabriela Zapata-Lancaster
34 How Much Does It Cost to Go Off-Grid with Renewables?
A Case Study of a Polygeneration System for a Neighbourhood
in Hermosillo, Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
Moritz Wegener, Carlos Lopez Ordóñez, Antonio Isalgué,
Anders Malmquist and Andrew Martin
35 Steps Towards an Optimal Building-Integrated Photovoltaics
(BIPV) Value Chain in the Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
Ernst van der Poel, Wilfried van Sark, Yael Aartsma, Erik Teunissen,
Ingrid van Straten and Arthur de Vries
36 Citizen Engagement in Energy Efficiency Retrofit of Public
Housing Buildings: A Lisbon Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
Catarina Rolim and Ricardo Gomes
37 The Role of Thermal Insulation in the Architecture
of Hot Desert Climates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
Carlos López-Ordóñez, Isabel Crespo Cabillo, Jaume Roset Calzada
and Helena Coch Roura
38 Performance of Different PV Array Configurations Under
Different Partial Shading Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
Haider Ibrahim and Nader Anani
Contents xv

39 Automatic Thresholding for Sensor Data Gap Detection

Using Statistical Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455
Houda Najeh, Mahendra Pratap Singh, Stéphane Ploix, Karim Chabir
and Mohamed Naceur Abdelkrim
40 How the Position of a Root-Top One-Sided Wind Tower Affects
Its Cross-Ventilation Effectiveness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
Mehrnoosh Ahmadi
41 Cool Roofs with Variable Thermal Insulation: UHI Mitigation
and Energy Savings for Several Italian Cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481
Maurizio Detommaso, Stefano Cascone, Antonio Gagliano,
Francesco Nocera and Gaetano Sciuto
42 Green Space Factor Assessment of High-Rise Residential Areas
in Harbin, China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493
Ming Lu, Xuetong Wang and Jun Xing
43 Critical Review of Ageing Mechanisms and State of Health
Estimation Methods for Battery Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507
K. Saqli, H. Bouchareb, M. Oudghiri and N. K. M’Sirdi
44 Climate Adaptation of “Smart City” by Assessing Bioclimatic
Comfort for UBEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519
Ilya V. Dunichkin and Irina N. Ilina
45 Adaptive Design to Mitigate the Effects of UHI: The Case Study
of Piazza Togliatti in the Municipality of Scandicci . . . . . . . . . . . . 531
Rosa Romano, Roberto Bologna, Giulio Hasanaj
and Maria Vittoria Arnetoli
46 The Correlation Between Urban Morphology Parameters
and Incident Solar Radiation Performance to Enhance Pedestrian
Comfort, Case Study Jeddah, Saudi Arabia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543
Badia Masoud, Helena Coch and Benoit Beckers
47 Active Buildings in Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
Joanna Clarke, Paul Jones, John Littlewood and Dave Worsley
48 Urban Climate and Health: Two Strictly Connected Topics
in the History of Meteorology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565
Chiara Bertolin and Dario Camuffo
49 The Impact of Stakeholder Preferences in Multicriteria
Evaluation for the Retrofitting of Office Buildings in Italy . . . . . . . 581
Giuseppe Pinto, Alfonso Capozzoli, Marco Savino Piscitelli
and Laura Savoldi
xvi Contents

50 Study of the Effect of Different Configurations of Bypass Diodes

on the Performance of a PV String . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593
Haider Ibrahim and Nader Anani
51 Developing Management Guidance for Government Funded
Dwelling Retrofit Schemes to Improve Occupant Quality
of Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601
D. Jahic, J. R. Littlewood, G. Karani, A. Thomas, J. Atkinson
and J. Kirrane
52 Innovative User Experience Design and Customer Engagement
Approaches for Residential Demand Response Programs . . . . . . . . 613
Matteo Barsanti, Letizia Garbolino, Muhammad Mansoor,
Giulia Realmonte, Rita Zeinoun, Francesco Causone
and Valentina Fabi
53 Sustainability Issues in Context of Indian Hill Towns . . . . . . . . . . . 629
Pushplata Garg and Harsimran Kaur
54 Studies on Thermal Performance of Advanced Aerogel-Based
Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641
Jürgen Frick, Marina Stipetić, Oliver Mielich and Harald Garrecht
55 Design of an Adsorption Refrigeration Machine with an Auxiliary
Heater for CO2-Neutral Air-Conditioning of E-Vehicles . . . . . . . . . 651
Sebastian Haas, Stefan Weiherer and Michael S. J. Walter
56 Research into the Possibility of Achieving the NZEB Standard
in Poland by 2021—Architect’s Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665
Anna Bac
57 Experimental Analysis of the Hygrothermal Performance
of New Aerogel-Based Insulating Building Materials in Real
Weather Conditions: Full-Scale Application Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677
Timea Béjat and Didier Therme
58 A Working Methodology for Deep Energy Retrofit of Residential
Multi-property Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687
Cecilia Hugony, Maria Elena Hugony, Francesco Causone
and Eugenio Morello
59 Considering Institutional Logics in Building Performance
Evaluation Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701
Sonja Oliveira and Magdalena Baborska-Narożny
60 Ecology of Heat Pump Performance: A Socio-technical
Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711
Lai Fong Chiu and Robert Lowe
Contents xvii

61 An Evaluation of Offsite Timber Frame Manufacturers

in Wales, UK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723
F. Zaccaro, J. R. Littlewood, R. Lancashire, G. Newman
and D. Hedges
62 Building Performance Assessment Protocol for Timber
Dwellings—Conducting Thermography Tests on Live
Construction Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735
J. R. Littlewood, D. Waldron, G. Newman, D. Hedges and F. Zaccaro
63 Understanding Residential Fuel Combustion Challenge—Real
World Study in Wroclaw, Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 747
M. Baborska-Narożny, M. Szulgowska-Zgrzywa, A. Chmielewska,
E. Stefanowicz, N. Fidorów-Kaprawy, K. Piechurski and M. Laska
64 Behavioural Change Effects on Energy Use in Public Housing:
A Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759
Andrea Sangalli, Lorenzo Pagliano, Francesco Causone,
Giuseppe Salvia, Eugenio Morello and Silvia Erba
65 Holistic Dwelling Energy Assessment Protocol for Mine Water
District Heat Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 769
J. R. Littlewood, B. Philip, N. Evans, R. Radford, A. Whyman
and P. Jones
66 Privacy in Domestic Building Performance
Evaluation—Preliminary Framework for Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 781
Magdalena Baborska-Narożny

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793

About the Editors

John Littlewood graduated in Building Surveying and holds a PhD in Building

Performance Assessment. He is Head of the Sustainable and Resilient Built
Environment group in Cardiff School of Art & Design at Cardiff Metropolitan
University (UK). He Coordinates three Professional Doctorates in Art & Design,
Engineering and Sustainable Built Environment; plus contributing to teaching in
Architectural Design & Technology. John’s research is industry focused, identi-
fying and improving fire and thermal performance in existing and new dwellings,
using innovative materials and construction, and also improving quality of life. He
has authored and coauthored 120 peer-reviewed papers, and was also co-editor for
the ‘Smart Energy Control Systems for Sustainable Buildings’ book published in
June 2017.

Dr. Robert J. Howlett is the Executive Chair of KES International, a non-profit

organization that facilitates knowledge transfer and the dissemination of research
results in areas including Intelligent Systems, Sustainability, and Knowledge
Transfer. He is a Visiting Professor at Bournemouth University in the UK. His
technical expertise is in the use of intelligent systems to solve industrial problems.
He has been successful in applying artificial intelligence, machine learning and
related technologies to sustainability and renewable energy systems; condition
monitoring, diagnostic tools and systems; and automotive electronics and engine
management systems. His current research work is focussed on the use of smart
microgrids to achieve reduced energy costs and lower carbon emissions in areas
such as housing and protected horticulture.

Alfonso Capozzoli graduated in Mechanical Engineering and holds a Ph.D. in

Engineering of Mechanical Systems. He works as an Associate Professor at the
Department of Energy at Politecnico di Torino (Italy). He teaches HVAC systems
and building physics at the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture. He is involved
in various international research projects on building energy performance. His
research is focused on energy saving strategies in air conditioning systems, data
analytics for building energy management and super insulating materials in

xix
xx About the Editors

building components. His research activity is summarised in about 100 scientific

papers published in international journals and conference proceedings.

Dr. Lakhmi C. Jain PhD, ME, BE(Hons), Fellow (Engineers Australia) is with the
University of Technology Sydney, Australia, and Liverpool Hope University, UK.
Professor Jain founded the KES International for providing a professional
community the opportunities for publications, knowledge exchange, cooperation
and teaming. Involving around 5,000 researchers drawn from universities and
companies world-wide, KES facilitates international cooperation and generate
synergy in teaching and research. KES regularly provides networking opportunities
for professional community through one of the largest conferences of its kind in the
area of KES. His interests focus on the artificial intelligence paradigms and their
applications in complex systems, security, e-education, e-healthcare, unmanned air
vehicles and intelligent agents.
Chapter 1
The Utilisation of Smart Meter
Technology to Increase Energy
Awareness for Residential Buildings
in Queensland, Australia

Olusola Charles Akinsipe, Domagoj Leskarac, Sascha Stegen, Diego Moya

and Parasad Kaparaju

Abstract The paper aims to sensitise electricity subscribers on the significance of

adopting smart meters in managing the energy consumption of residential buildings
in Queensland, Australia. This paper examines the power consumption of residen-
tial buildings and the time-of-use energy tariffs across four climatic conditions. The
analysis also involves applying statistical tools to understand the energy profiles of
the study areas. The results show habitual and significant energy consumption of
the study areas during the period under study. For instance, energy use during the
spring and winter seasons peaked around 30 MWh as residential buildings consumed
considerable electricity during the peak periods when the energy tariffs are high. The
results also show that the time-of-use of energy consumption can impact the electric-
ity bills as well as the electricity use of customers. Furthermore, there is a correlation
between energy use and energy consumption time of the case study areas. Our results
present the need to create awareness on the essence of adopting smart meters that
will provide real-time information and energy tariffs at a different time of the day
in order to optimise electricity consumption and expenses in Queensland. The intel-
ligent machine alongside other technologies can broadcast electricity consumption
and display real-time energy prices at frequent intervals thereby supporting energy
consumers to make informed choices about deploying their electrical devices when
the energy tariffs are affordable and economical.

O. C. Akinsipe · D. Leskarac · S. Stegen · P. Kaparaju (B)

School of Environmental & Built Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
e-mail: p.kaparaju@griffith.edu.au
D. Moya
Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
D. Moya · P. Kaparaju
Institute for Applied Sustainability Research (ISUR), Av. Granados E13-55 e Isla Marchena, No.
44, Quito 170503, Ecuador
D. Moya
Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Universidad Técnica de
Ambato, Av. Los Chasquis y Rio Payamino, Ambato 1801314, Ecuador

© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 1

J. Littlewood et al. (eds.), Sustainability in Energy and Buildings, Smart Innovation,
Systems and Technologies 163, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9868-2_1
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