Work Integrated Learning

Programmes Division
M Tech in Data Science and
Engineering

Assignment 1
AIMLCZC416 – Mathematical Foundation for Machine Learning

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Instructions:

1. This is not group activity. Each student should do the problems and submit
it individually.
2. Assignments have to be handwritten and uploaded as a single pdf file with
name BITSID.pdf
3. Submissions beyond 6th July 23.00 hrs would not be graded.
4. Assignments sent via email/ other electronic forms would not be accepted.
5. Copying is strictly prohibited. Adoption of unfair means would lead to
disciplinary action.

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1) Using only the idea that in the equation 𝑪 = 𝑨𝑩 where 𝑪, 𝑨, 𝑩 are 𝑛×𝑛 matrices, the
𝑖th row of the matrix 𝑪 for 1 ≤ 𝑖 ≤ 𝑛 is obtained by taking a linear combination of the
rows of 𝑩 where the combining coefficients come from the 𝑖th row of 𝑨, show that the
inverse of a lower triangular matrix is a lower triangular matrix. [2 Marks]

2) If an integer 𝑛 is an eigenvalue of square matrix where all elements of a matrix

belong to the set of integers, then prove that determinant of that matrix is 𝑛𝑘 where 𝑘
is an integer. [2 Marks]

3) If 𝑨 is a invertible square matrix of order 𝑛, then prove or disprove that rank(𝑨) =

rank(𝑨𝑩). [2 Marks]

4) A machine learning researcher comes across the following matrix while analyzing
data from a learning problem. He realizes that a careful study of this matrix and its
properties will help him design a faster algorithm to solve the learning problem. In this
matrix the value of a = 1 and b = −1. He makes an interesting observation that
𝐴! = 8I. He wants to find the answer to the following questions. Derive the answer to
the following questions from the properties of the matrix rather than doing long
numerical computations involving the full matrix
 a) What are the eigenvalues of this matrix?
! !"#
b) What is the value of the ratio ? [2 Marks]
! !"#

𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
𝑎 𝑎 𝑏 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏 𝑏 𝑎
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏 𝑎
𝑎 𝑏 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏 𝑏 𝑎 𝑎
A=
𝑎 𝑎 𝑏 𝑏 𝑏 𝑎 𝑎 𝑏
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏
𝑎 𝑏 𝑏 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑏 𝑏
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑏 𝑏 𝑏 𝑏
5) (a) Let 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 be three vectors in a vector space 𝑉. Show that if 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 0, then
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑥, 𝑧 = 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑦, 𝑧 .
(b) Suppose the vectors 𝑣! , 𝑣! , … 𝑣! span 𝑉. Show that the vectors 𝑣! , 𝑣! − 𝑣! , 𝑣! −
𝑣! , … 𝑣! − 𝑣! also span 𝑉. Show that if 𝑣! , 𝑣! , … 𝑣! are linearly independent, 𝑣! , 𝑣! −
𝑣! , … 𝑣! − 𝑣! are also linearly independent. [2 Marks]

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