Chemistry All Ms p2

Cambridge Assessment International Education
Cambridge Ordinary Level
CHEMISTRY 5070/21
Paper 2 Theory October/November 2019
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 75
Published
This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the
examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the
details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have
considered the acceptability of alternative answers.
Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for
Teachers.
Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes.
Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2019 series for most
Cambridge IGCSE™, Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some Cambridge O Level
components.
This document consists of 10 printed pages.
© UCLES 2019 [Turn over

5070/21 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2019
PUBLISHED
Generic Marking Principles
These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the
specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptors for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these
marking principles.
GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:
Marks must be awarded in line with:
• the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question
• the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question
• the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts.
Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions).
Marks must be awarded positively:
• marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond the
scope of the syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate
• marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do
• marks are not deducted for errors
• marks are not deducted for omissions
• answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the
question as indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous.
Rules must be applied consistently e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level
descriptors.
© UCLES 2019 Page 2 of 10

PUBLISHED
Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may
be limited according to the quality of the candidate responses seen).
Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or
grade descriptors in mind.

PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks
1(a) P 1
1(b) Fe 1
1(c) Fe 1
1(d) Mg 1
1(e) C 1
2(a) Any two from 2
• low melting point / low boiling point (1)

• low density (1)
• soft (1)
2(b) drawing of electronic structure of 2.8.1 1
2(c) 300 3
mol H2 = OR 0.0125 (1)
24 000
moles sodium 2 × 0.0125 OR 0.025 (1)
mass of sodium = 0.575 g (1)
2(d) sodium (atom) loses electron(s) (1) 3
oxygen (atom or molecule) gains electron(s) (1)
two electrons gained by oxygen (atom) (1)
2(e)(i) high melting point / high boiling point / does not conduct electricity when solid / does conduct electricity when molten / does 1
conduct electricity when in aqueous solution
PUBLISHED
2(e)(ii) anode: chlorine AND cathode: hydrogen 1
2(e)(iii) (add nitric acid) then (aqueous) silver nitrate (1) 2
white precipitate (1)
3(a) Any three from: 3
• (property on which distillation) depends is the boiling point / copper(II) sulfate has higher boiling point than
water / ORA (1)
• idea of distillation apparatus, e.g. flask connected to condenser (1)
• flask or solution heated (1)
• idea that only water vaporised (when flask heated) (1)
• water vapour converted to (liquid) water (in condenser) (1)
3(b) filtration 1
3(c) Cu Cs Cl 2
21.09 43.82 35.09
64 133 35.5
OR
Cu = 0.33 Cs = 0.33 Cl = 0.99 (1)
CuCsCl3 (1)

PUBLISHED
Use a titration method (1)
with suitable named alkali, e.g. (aqueous) sodium hydroxide (1)
use a known concentration of the alkali (1)
add indicator to the acid / add indicator to the titration flask (1)
use a known volume of acid (1)
record volume of alkali added when indicator changes colour (1)
4(b)(i) 1.38 mol / dm3 1
4(b)(ii) A (1) 2
gradient of graph is greatest / slope of graph is greatest (1)
4(c) rate decreased (no mark by itself) 3
particles move slower / particles have less kinetic energy (1)
fewer particles have energy above (or equal to) the activation energy / fewer successful collisions (1)
decreased collision frequency / fewer collisions per second (1)
4(d) turns it red 1
4(e) lead chloride / silver chloride 1
4(f) CFCs destroy ozone / deplete ozone (1) 2
more (harmful) uv will get to the Earth’s surface / more skin cancer / more eye cataracts

PUBLISHED
5(a)(i) boiling point of bromine: 2

values between –10 and 150 °C (inclusive) (1)
density of liquid chlorine:

values between 1 and 3 (inclusive) (1)
5(a)(ii) black / grey-black / purple-grey / purple-black 1
5(b) kills bacteria / disinfects the water 1
5(c)(i) Cl2 + 2I– → 2Cl – + I2 1
5(c)(ii) chlorine is more reactive than iodine / chlorine is a stronger oxidising agent than iodine / ORA 1
5(d) molar mass of NiCl 2 = 130 (1) 2
x = 6 (1)
6(a) acid does not ionise completely / acid only partially dissociated / acid not fully dissociated 1
6(b) arrangement: 2
regular / lattice (1)
movement:
(only) vibrating / not moving from place to place (1)
6(c) gas because 130 °C is above the boiling point 1

PUBLISHED
6(d) 3.18 3
mol sodium carbonate = OR 0.03 mol (1)
106
224
mol ethanoic acid = × 0.250 OR 0.056 (1)
1000
sodium carbonate in excess because 0.03 × 2 = 0.06 OR sodium carbonate in excess because 0.056 ÷ 2 = 0.028 (1)
6(e) Ca + 2CH3COOH → (CH3COO)2Ca + H2 1
6(f)(i) butyl ethanoate 1
6(f)(ii) CH3COOC4H9 1
7(a)(i) equilibrium moves to the right (1) 2
(forward) reaction is exothermic (1)
7(a)(ii) equal number of moles of gas on each side of equation 1
7(b)(i) products to right of reactants and reactant level below product level (1) 3
enthalpy change shown as upward arrow and labelled (1)
activation energy drawn as energy hump above product level and labelled with upward arrow (1)
7(b)(ii) 2 Fe(OH)3 + 3 H2S → Fe2S3 + 6 H2O 1
7(c)(i) sulfur (in fuel) burns to form sulfur dioxide (1) 2
sulfur dioxide reacts with rainwater / water in atmosphere to form (sulfurous) acid (1)

PUBLISHED
7(c)(ii) corrodes buildings (made of carbonate rocks) / reacts with buildings (made of carbonate rocks) / corrodes mortar / reacts 1
with mortar
8(a) electrons: 14 (1) 3

neutrons: 16 (1)
protons: 14 (1)
8(b) 3Si + 2N2 → Si3N4 1
8(c)(i) Any two from: 2
both have covalent bonds / covalent (lattice) (1)
both have giant structures (1)
tetrahedral arrangement of structure (1)
8(c)(ii) many strong bonds / strong bonding throughout the structure (1) 2
needs a high temperature to break (all) the bonds / needs a lot of energy to break (all) the bonds (1)
8(d) SiO2C4H12 1
8(e) pair of shared electrons between each of the 4 Cl atoms and central Si AND 6 non-bonding electrons around each 1
chlorine

PUBLISHED
9(a) reaction in which molecules combine and small molecule is formed 1
9(b)(i) circle drawn around one of the COO linkage 1
9(b)(ii) 2
HOOC- □-COOH (1)
HO- ■-OH (1)
9(b)(iii) clothing / fabrics 1
9(c) amide link can form between NH2 and COOH (1) 2
ester link can form between OH and COOH (1)
9(d)(i) H H 1
C C
H H
9(d)(ii) cannot be broken down (by organisms) / cannot be broken by biological means / cannot be decomposed (by 1
bacteria) / cannot be decayed (by fungi)
9(d)(iii) gets stuck in gullets of birds / gets stuck in gills of fish / blocks drains / litter / burning causes toxic gases to be 1
emitted / burning causes greenhouse gas emissions

CHEMISTRY 5070/22
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 75
Published
Teachers.
components.

PUBLISHED
marking principles.
descriptors.

PUBLISHED

PUBLISHED
1(a) O / S / Se 1
1(b) Cl 1
1(c) I 1
1(d) Al 1
1(e) N 1
2(a) Any two from: 2
conducts electricity / conducts heat (1)

malleable (1)
ductile (1)
shiny / lustrous (1)
2(b) electronic structure of 2.8.2 1
2(c)(i) magnesium (atom) loses electron(s) (1) 3
bromine (atom or molecule) gains electron (1)
two electrons transferred from magnesium (1)
2(c)(ii) high melting point / high boiling point (1) 1
OR
does not conduct electricity when solid / conducts when molten / conducts in aqueous solution (1)
2(d) anode: bromine AND 1

cathode: hydrogen (1)

PUBLISHED
2(e)(i) 2Br– + Cl2 → 2Cl – + Br2 1
2(e)(ii) chlorine is more reactive than bromine / bromine is less reactive than chlorine 1
• idea that petroleum vaporised / petroleum heated / petroleum at high temperature (1)
• idea that petroleum enters near bottom of column (1)
• idea that fractional distillation depends on boiling point (1)
• larger hydrocarbons have higher boiling point ORA (1)
• idea of (long) column (1)
• temperatures high at bottom and low at the top / low boiling points at top / high boiling points at bottom (1)
• fractions come off at different levels in the column (1)
3(b) kerosene: (fuel) for aircraft engines / (fuel) for heating / (fuel) for cooking (1) 2
naphtha: feedstock for chemical industry (1)
3(c)(i) alkane(s) 1
3(c)(ii) CnH2n+2 1
3(d)(i) incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons / incomplete combustion of named carbon-containing substance / fuels burn in 1
limited oxygen
3(d)(ii) toxic / poisonous 1

PUBLISHED
4(a) measuring the volume of gas (1) 2
at known time intervals (1)
4(b) rate faster (no mark by itself) 2
greater number of particles exposed (1)
increased collision frequency / more collisions per second (1)
4(c) rate faster (no mark by itself) 3
particles move faster / particles have more kinetic energy (1)
greater number of particles have energy above (or equal to) the activation energy / more successful collisions (1)
increased collision frequency / more collisions per second (1)
4(d) 16.8 2
mol CO2 = OR 7 × 10–4 OR 0.0007 (1)
24 000
mass of CaCO3 = 7 × 10–4 × 100 = 0.0700 (g) (1)
4(e) lime water (1) 2
turns milky / turns cloudy (1)
4(f) calcium hydroxide alkaline / calcium hydroxide basic (1) 2
neutralises acids / neutralises the soil / raises pH of soil / makes soil less acidic (1)

PUBLISHED
5(a)(i) melting point of sodium: 2

values between 70 °C and 170 °C (inclusive) (1)
atomic radius of rubidium:

values between 0.240 nm and 0.320 nm (inclusive) (1)
5(a)(ii) there is no trend / the values go up and down 1
5(b)(i) 4Na + O2– → 2Na2O 1
5(b)(ii) basic oxide AND because sodium is on the left of the Periodic Table / basic oxide AND because sodium is a metal 1
5(c) copper does not form ions as easily as sodium / sodium forms ions more easily than copper 1
5(d) x = 5 (2) 2
if 2 marks not scored 1 mark for:

molar mass of NaIO3 = 198 (1)
6(a) correct structure of butanoic acid showing all atoms and all bonds 1
H H H O
│ │ │ ║
H–C–C–C–C–O–H
│ │ │
H H H
6(b) movement: sliding (over each other) (1) 2
arrangement: random / no fixed positions (1)
6(c) liquid AND 0 °C is above the melting point and below the boiling point / 0°C is between the melting and boiling points 1

PUBLISHED
6(d) 5.28 3
mol butanoic acid = OR 0.06 mol (1)
88
56
mol sodium carbonate = × 0.500 OR 0.028 (1)
1000
(butanoic acid in excess because sodium carbonate × 2) = 0.056 mol OR (butanoic acid in excess because butanoic
acid ÷ 2) = 0.03 mol (1)
6(e) Mg + 2C3H7COOH → (C3H7COO)2Mg + H2 1
6(f) use universal indicator / full range indicator (1) 2
match the colour observed with a colour chart (1)
7(a) vanadium(V) oxide 1
7(b)(i) equilibrium moves to the left (1) 2
the (forward) reaction is exothermic / backward reaction endothermic / goes in the direction of the endothermic reaction (1)
7(b)(ii) equilibrium moves to the right (1) 2
fewer moles of gas on the right than on the left / more moles of gas on left than the right (1)
7(c) product to right of reactants and reactant level above product level (1) 3
enthalpy change shown as downward arrow and labelled (1)
activation energy drawn as energy hump above product level and labelled with upward arrow (1)
7(d) sulfur / water 1

PUBLISHED
7(e) (making) detergents / fertilisers / battery acids 1
8(a)(i) electrons: 15 (1) 3
neutrons: 16 (1)
protons: 15 (1)
8(a)(ii) atoms with the same number of protons and different numbers of neutrons / atoms of the same element with different 1
numbers of neutrons
8(b) 5KClO3 + 6P → 5KCl + 3P2O5 1
8(c) H5P3O10 1
8(d) one pair of bonding electrons between the P and each of the three Cl atoms and 2 non-bonded electrons on P (1) 2
6 non-bonded electrons on each Cl (1)
8(e) Cu2+ / copper ions (1) 2
it gains electrons (1)

PUBLISHED
9(a) complex carbohydrates / starch / polysaccharides 1
9(b) heat / reflux (1) 2
with hydrochloric acid (1)
9(c) minimum of two correct repeat units with amide link and extension bonds (2) 2
O O
║ ║
─NH – CH – C – NH – CH – C ─
| |
CH3 CH3
If 2 marks not scored 1 mark for continuation bonds and one amide link (1)
9(d) ester (linkage) (1) 2
OH and COOH / alcohol and carboxylic acid (1)
9(e)(i) ink will run / ink will undergo chromatography / pencil will not run / pencil will not move during chromatography / ink will 1
separate / pencil will not separate
9(e)(ii) to make the spots visible / coloured 1
9(e)(iii) 0.71 1

CHEMISTRY 5070/22
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 75
Published
Teachers.
components.

PUBLISHED
marking principles.
descriptors.

PUBLISHED

PUBLISHED
1(a)(i) E 1
1(a)(ii) A 1
1(a)(iii) C 1
1(a)(iv) B 1
1(a)(v) A 1
1(b)(i) atoms with same number of protons but different number of neutrons / atoms with same atomic number but different mass 1
number (1)
1(b)(ii) 44 1
2(a)(i) magnesium loses electrons so is oxidation (1) 2
copper ions gain electrons so is reduction (1)
2(a)(ii) Mg + Cu2+ → Mg2+ + Cu 1
2(b) workable arrangement with two electrodes dipping in liquid and connected correctly to power supply with two wires and with 3
no big gaps in the wiring (1)
pure / copper is negative electrode and impure copper is positive electrode (1)
electrolyte is labelled copper ions OR (soluble) copper salt OR electrolyte (1)
2(c) (at first) (light) blue precipitate (1) 2
(dissolves in excess ammonia) to form a dark blue solution / dark blue solution (in excess ammonia) / deep blue solution (in
excess ammonia) (1)

PUBLISHED
2(d) magnesium is more reactive than iron (1) 2
magnesium corrodes instead of iron / magnesium reacts instead of iron (1)
3(a) has a carbon-carbon double bond / has a C=C bond 1
3(b) purple (1) 2
(to) colourless (1)
3(c)(i) H+ + OH– → H2O 1
3(c)(ii) moles fumaric acid = 4.00 × 10–4 (1) 3
moles sodium hydroxide = 8.00 × 10–4 (1)
16.0 (cm3) (1)
• same functional group (1)
• same general formula (1)
• similar chemical properties / react similarly (1)
• trend in physical properties (1)
• successive members differ by CH2 (1)

PUBLISHED
4(b) C4H8 + 6O2 → 4CO2 + 4H2O (2) 2

1 mark for correct reactants and products if equation not balanced
4(c) structure of 2-methylpropene drawn showing all atoms and all bonds 1
4(d)(i) butane 1
4(d)(ii) catalyst / to speed up the reaction / to increase the rate of reaction 1
4(d)(iii) heat / high temperature 1
4(e)(i) mole ratio C = 85.7 / 12 AND mole ratio H = 14.3 / 1 2

OR
C = 7.14 AND H = 14.3 (1)
empirical formula = CH2 (1)
4(e)(ii) (relative) molecular mass 1
• number of protons / number of electrons (1)
• number of electrons in outer shell (1)
• number of (electron) shells (1)
5(b) 2.8.8 1
5(c)(i) correct dot and cross diagram showing 3 pairs of bonding electrons and two non-bonding electrons (2) 2
If two marks not scored, award one mark for one pair of bonding electrons in each of the three overlap areas

PUBLISHED
5(c)(ii) Any two from: 2
• ammonia is soluble (in water) (1)
• ammonia turns (damp) red litmus blue (1)
• ammonia does not decompose (when warmed gently) (1)
5(c)(iii) 2PH3 → 2P + 3H2 1
5(c)(iv) phosphine diffuses more slowly because it has higher (relative) molecular mass / ammonia diffuses more quickly because it 1
has a lower (relative) molecular mass
5(c)(v) acidic because it is a non-metal oxide / acidic because phosphorus is a non-metal 1
6(a)(i) 2.3 to 6.0 (inclusive) 1
6(a)(ii) liquid (1) 2
–190 ºC is between the boiling and melting points / this temperature is higher than the melting point but lower than the boiling
point (1)
6(b)(i) increases down the group 1
6(b)(ii) polonium because its melting point is lower than expected / polonium because its melting point is lower than tellurium / the 1
melting point of the element increases down the group except for polonium
6(c) oxygen is a (simple) molecule / oxygen has weak forces between molecules / simple covalent (structure) (1) 2
polonium has metallic bonding / polonium has metallic structure (1)
6(d)(i) burning fossil fuels (containing sulfur) / volcanoes 1

PUBLISHED
6(d)(ii) sulfur dioxide reacts with oxygen AND rain / 2

sulfur dioxide reacts with oxygen to form sulfur trioxide AND sulfur trioxide reacts with rain /
sulfur dioxide reacts with water to form sulfurous acid AND sulfurous acid oxidised by oxygen (2)
if two marks not scored 1 mark for:

sulfur dioxide reacts with rain / sulfur dioxide reacts with water / sulfur dioxide forms sulfurous acid (in the atmosphere) (1)
7(a)(i) 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 (2) 2

If 2 marks not scored, award one mark for correct formulae (1)
7(a)(ii) (sun)light (1) 2
chlorophyll (1)
7(a)(iii) glucose can be used to make a fuel / glucose (can be fermented) to make ethanol 1
7(b)(i) condensation 1
7(b)(ii) 2 or more units polymerised e.g. 2

(2)
If two marks not scored, award 1 mark for:

– O – linking two squares / rectangles but no extension bonds
7(b)(iii) hydrolysis 1
7(c)(i) ring around the COO group 1

PUBLISHED
8(a) positive sign in centre of atoms labelled (metal) ions (1) 2
at least one electron drawn between the circles and labelled electron(s) (1)
8(b) 2 marks for three properties 2

1 mark for one or two properties
• conduct electricity / conduct heat
• malleable
• ductile
• lustrous / shiny
8(c) 2Bi + 3Cl2 → 2BiCl3 1
8(d) Bi2Cl82– 1
8(e)(i) white solid disappears (1) 2
equilibrium moves to the left / more BCl3 and H2O (1)
8(e)(ii) there are no gaseous reactants or products / there are no gases in the equation 1
8(f) mixture of metal with another element / mixture of metal with another metal / mixture of metal with non-metal 1

PUBLISHED
9(a) rate of reaction increases AND one or both of: 2
more particles per unit volume / more particles per cm3 / particles closer together / more concentrated particles (1)
collision frequency increases / more particles collide per second (1)
9(b) rate of reaction decreases AND one or both of: 2
particles move slower / particles have less kinetic energy (1)
fewer particles have activation energy (or above) / collisions are less successful (1)
9(c) reactants on the left and products on the right and reactant level above product level and labels on or just above the energy 2
level lines (1)
vertical arrow downwards between reactants and products (1)
9(d) mol Zn = 0.07(0) (1) 2

(= mol H2)
volume of H2 = 1.68 (dm3) (1)
9(e) 50.6% / 51% (2) 2
If two marks not obtained, award one mark for:

(relative formula mass of zinc phosphate) = 385

CHEMISTRY 5070/21
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 75
Published
Teachers.
components.

PUBLISHED
marking principles.
descriptors.

PUBLISHED

PUBLISHED
1(a)(i) C 1
1(a)(ii) D 1
1(a)(iii) B 1
1(a)(iv) A 1
1(a)(v) D 1
1(b)(i) 20 1
1(b)(ii) molecule containing two atoms 1
2(a)(i) zinc loses electrons which is oxidation (1) 2
nickel ions gain electrons which is reduction (1)
2(a)(ii) Zn + Ni2+ → Zn2+ + Ni 1
2(b) workable arrangement with two electrodes dipping in liquid connected to power supply with two wires and no obvious gaps in 3
the wiring (1)
nickel or the fork is negative electrode and silver is positive electrode (1)
electrolyte is labelled silver ions OR soluble silver salt OR electrolyte (1)
2(c) (at first) white precipitate (1) 2
dissolves (in excess ammonia) / soluble in excess (ammonia) / colourless solution (in excess ammonia) (1)

PUBLISHED
2(d) zinc is more reactive than iron (1) 2
zinc corrodes instead of iron / zinc oxidises instead of iron (1)

PUBLISHED
3(a) alcohol / hydroxyl 1
3(b) colourless (1) 2
to brown (1)
3(c) acid which is only partially ionised (in water) to form H+ ions / acid which is partially dissociated (in water) to form H+ ions 1
3(d) moles succinic acid = 1.25 × 10–3 (1) 3
moles sodium hydroxide = 2.50 × 10–3 (1)
125 (cm3) (1)
4(a)(i) CnH2n+2 1
4(a)(ii) Any one from: 1
same functional group (1)
similar chemical properties / react similarly (1)
trend in physical properties (1)
successive members differ by CH2 (1)
4(b) all the carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds 1
4(c) C5H12 + 8O2 → 5CO2 + 6H2O 2
correct formulae for reactants and products (1)

balanced equation – dependent on formulae (1)

PUBLISHED
4(d) any branched chain isomer of pentane drawn 1
4(e)(i) substitution 1
4(e)(ii) light / uv 1
4(f)(i) mole ratio C = 90 / 12 AND mole ratio H = 10 / 1 2

OR C = 7.5 AND H = 10 (1)
empirical formula = C3H4 (1)
4(f)(ii) (relative) molecular mass 1
5(a) Any one from: 2
number of electrons gives the atomic number (1)
number of electrons in outer shell gives the group number (1)
number of shells (containing electrons) gives the period number (1)
5(b) 2,8 1
5(c)(i) 4Al + 3O2 → 2Al2O3 1
5(c)(ii) amphoteric (oxide) 1
5(d)(i) 2 pairs of bonding electrons in overlap area (1) 2
only 2 lone pairs on each oxygen atom (1)
5(d(ii) oxygen diffuses slower because it has higher (relative) molecular mass / nitrogen diffuses quicker because it has a lower 1
(relative) molecular mass

PUBLISHED
5 (d)(iii) Any 4 = 2 marks, any 2 or 3 = 1 mark: 2
• water does not react with sodium hydroxide

• water is neutral
• water is a liquid at room temperature
• water is not a reducing agent
• water does not burn in air
6(a)(i) liquid (1) 2
–200 °C is between the boiling and melting points / this temperature is higher than the melting point but lower than the boiling
point (1)
6(a)(ii) values between 50 °C and 600 °C (inclusive) 1
6(b) nitrogen is a (simple) molecule / nitrogen is a simple covalent (molecule) / weak forces between molecules (1) 2
bismuth has metallic bonding / bismuth has a metallic structure (1)
6(c) 2Sb + 3Cl2 → 2SbCl3 1
6(d)(i) 78% 1
6(d)(ii) nitrogen oxides are converted to nitrogen (1) 2
(nitrogen oxides are removed) by reaction with carbon monoxide (1)
6(d)(iii) lightning 1

PUBLISHED
7(a) C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O 2

balanced equation – dependent on formulae (1)
7(b)(i) rise in sea levels / melting of polar ice caps / desertification / more extreme weather patterns (1) 1
7(b)(ii) photosynthesis absorbs carbon dioxide AND respiration releases carbon dioxide (1) 2
the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed is roughly equal to the amount of carbon dioxide released (1)
7(c)(i) H2O (1) 1
7(c)(ii) (dilute) sulfuric acid (1) 2
heat / reflux (1)
7(d)(i) ring around the CONH group (1) 1
7(d)(ii) NH2CH(CH3)CO2H (1) 1
8(a) delocalised electrons move (throughout the metal structure) / sea of electrons move (from place to place) (1) 1
8(b) Any two from: 2
chromium has a high(er) melting point or boiling point / sodium has low(er) melting point or boiling point (1)
chromium dense / sodium not very dense (1)
chromium is hard / sodium is soft (1)
chromium less malleable / sodium very malleable(1)

PUBLISHED
8(c) Any two from: 2
chromium particles different size to iron particles (1)
regular arrangement of layers (of particles) in iron disrupted (1)
layers of iron (particles) can slide (more easily) / layers of alloy cannot slide (so easily) (1)
8(d) 2Cr + 3H2O → Cr2O3 + 3H2 1
8(e) Cr2O122– 1
8(f)(i) goes yellow (1) 2
OH− ions react with H+ ions / equilibrium shifts to the left / more CrO42− formed / less Cr2O72− / less H+ (1)
8(f)(ii) there are no gaseous reactants or products / there are no gases in the equation 1
9(a) rate of reaction decreases (no mark) 2
fewer particles per unit volume / fewer particles per cm3 / particles further apart / less concentrated particles (1)
collision frequency decreases / fewer particles collide per second (1)
9(b) rate of reaction decreases (no mark) 1
pieces have smaller surface area exposed / powder has larger surface area exposed / more particles (on surface) exposed to
acid (1)

PUBLISHED
9(c) reactants next to the left line and products next to the right line and reactant level above product level (1) 2
arrow downwards between reactants and products (1)
9(d) mol Ce = 0.09 (1) 3
mol H2 = 0.135 (1)
volume of H2 = 3.24 (dm3) (1)
9(e) relative formula mass = 460 (1) 2
percentage = 60.9% / 61% (1)

CHEMISTRY 5070/21
Paper 2 Theory May/June 2018
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 75
Published
Teachers.
Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2018 series for most
Cambridge IGCSE™, Cambridge International A and AS Level and Cambridge Pre-U components, and
some Cambridge O Level components.
IGCSE™ is a registered trademark.

5070/21 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2018
PUBLISHED
marking principles.
descriptors.

PUBLISHED

PUBLISHED
1(a) hydrogen (1) 1
1(b) sulfur dioxide (1) 1
1(c) ethane (1) 1
1(d) methane (1) 1
1(e) ozone (1) 1
1(f) carbon monoxide (1) 1
2(a) all have 7 electrons in their outer shell (1) 1
2(b)(i) (colourless) to brown (solution) (1) 1
2(b)(ii) iodide (ion) loses electrons (1) 1
2(b)(iii) chlorine (molecule) gains electrons (1) 1
2(c) test – (moist red or blue) litmus paper (1) 2
observation – bleached / goes white (1)
2(d)(i) rate increases 2
particles are more crowded / more particles in the same volume / increased number of particles per unit volume (1)
more collisions per second / increased collision frequency (1)
2(d)(ii) alternative reaction pathway (1) 2
has lower activation energy (1)

PUBLISHED
3(a)(i) mix (solutions) together AND then filter (1) 3
wash the residue (with distilled water or solvent) (1)
place residue in warm place (to dry) / place in oven (to dry) / use of filter paper (to dry) / leave (to dry) on the windowsill (1)
3(a)(ii) Ba2+(aq) + SO42–(aq) → BaSO4(s) 2
formulae and balancing correct (1)
correct state symbols – dependent on correct formulae (1)
3(b) moles of hydrochloric acid = 6 × 10–2 / 0.06 (1) 3
(moles of barium chloride = moles of HCl ÷ 2) = 3 × 10–2 / 0.03 (1)
(mass of barium chloride = moles × 208 × 0.75) = 4.68 (1)
3(c) subatomic particles number of subatomic particles 3
electrons 54 (1)
neutrons 82 (1)
protons 56 (1)

PUBLISHED
4(a) use of glucose AND yeast (1) 3
any TWO correct conditions from – aqueous conditions / temperature between 10 and 45 °C / absence of oxygen / any pH
between 6 to 8 (1)
(fractionally) distil reaction mixture (to get ethanol) (1)
4(b) CH3CH2OH + O2 → CH3COOH + H2O (1) 1
4(c) H O H H 1
H C C O C C H
H H H (1)
4(d) (moles of CO2 = 0.01 so) moles of C2H5OH = 0.005 (1) 2
energy released = (moles of C2H5OH × 1350) = 6.75 (1)

PUBLISHED
5(a) moles of SiO2 = 5 / percentage of Si in SiO2 = 46.67 (1) 2
mass of Si (= moles of SiO2 × 28) = 140 (1)
high melting point / high boiling point (1)
poor conductor of electricity (1)
does not dissolve (in water) (1)
(very) hard (1)
5(c)(i) correct ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram for silane (1) 1
H Si H
5(c)(ii) has a simple (molecular or covalent) structure (1) 2
weak intermolecular forces / van der Waals’ forces between molecules / easy to overcome the forces between molecules /
weak forces between molecules / easy to break attraction between molecules (1)
5(d)(i) monomers react together / monomers combine / monomers join / monomers link (1) 2
form a polymer and another molecule (1)

PUBLISHED
5(d)(ii) CH3 1
H O Si H
CH3 (1)
5(e) CH3 CH3 1
CH2 H CH2 H
C C C C
H H H H (1)
6(a) Mr = 184 (1) 2
(% copper = 34.8 so mass of copper = % × 20) = 6.96 (1)
6(b) 2CuFeS2 + 6½O2 → 2CuO + Fe2O3 + 4SO2 2
correct formulae (1)
balancing – dependent on correct formulae (1)
6(c) 2CuO + C Æ 2Cu + CO2 1

OR
CuO + C Æ Cu + CO (1)
6(d)(i) (aqueous) copper(II) sulfate (1) 1

PUBLISHED
6(d)(ii) anode – impure copper (1) 2
cathode – (pure) copper (1)
6(d)(iii) anode: Cu → Cu2+ + 2e− (1) 2
cathode: Cu2+ + 2e− → Cu (1)
7(a) rate of forward reaction = rate of backward reaction (1) 1
7(b) (composition) does not change (1) 2
same number of moles of gas on left hand side and right hand side (1)
7(c)(i) exothermic / enthalpy change is negative (1) 1
7(c)(ii) rate increases 1
because
particles have more energy / particles moving faster / more successful collisions / more energetic collisions (1)
7(d)(i) water (1) 1
7(d)(ii) Fe3O4 + 4H2SO4 → Fe2(SO4)3 + FeSO4 + 4H2O 2
balanced equation – dependent on correct formulae (1)
7(d)(iii) test – add (aqueous) sodium hydroxide / (aqueous) ammonia (1) 2
observation – brown ppt / brown solid (1)

PUBLISHED
8(a) CH4SO3 (1) 1
8(b) methanesulfonic acid is more dissociated (1) 1
8(c) acids contain H+ (1) 2
alkalis contain OH− (1)
8(d) moles of acid = 0.0225 / 0.15 × 0.150 (1) 3
Mr of acid = 96 (1)
mass of acid (= moles of acid × Mr) = 2.16 (1)
8(e) 8.57 (cm3) (1) 1
8(f)(i) hydrogen (1) 1
8(f)(ii) Mg(CH3SO3)2 (1) 1
9(a)(i) C4H8Cl2 (1) 2
Structure showing all atoms and all of the bonds of a compound having two chlorine atoms substituted and based on
methylpropane skeleton e.g.
H H H H Cl H
H C C C H H C C C H
Cl Cl Cl H
H C H H C H
H H (1)

PUBLISHED
9(a)(ii) molecular formula is C4H7Cl3 (2) 2
If two marks not scored:

1 mark for mole ratio C : H : Cl is 2.475 : 4.30 : 1.856
OR
1 mark for C = 29.7 / 12, H = 4.3 / 1 and Cl = 65.9 / 35.5
9(a)(iii) C4H5Cl5 (1) 1
9(b)(i) same molecular formula but different structures / same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms (1) 1
9(b)(ii) (compounds) containing only hydrogen and carbon (1) 1
9(b)(iii) unsaturated contains a carbon-carbon double bond / saturated does not contain carbon-carbon double bond (1) 1
9(b)(iv) add (aqueous) bromine (1) 2
unsaturated goes colourless and saturated stays orange (1)

CHEMISTRY 5070/22
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 75
Published
Teachers.
Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2018 series for most
Cambridge IGCSE™, Cambridge International A and AS Level and Cambridge Pre-U components, and
some Cambridge O Level components.
IGCSE™ is a registered trademark.

PUBLISHED
marking principles.
descriptors.

PUBLISHED

PUBLISHED
1(a) hydrogen (1) 1
1(b) chlorine (1) 1
1(c) propane (1) 1
1(d) nitrogen (1) 1
1(e) ammonia (1) 1
2(a) red-brown (1) 1
2(b)(i) Any two from: 2
• solution turns from blue to (pale) green (1)
• (iron filings get coated with) pink solid / pink deposit / pink coating (1)
• temperature (of mixture) increases (1)
2(b)(ii) iron (atom) loses electrons (1) 1
2(b)(iii) copper ions gain electrons / copper(II) gains electrons (1) 1
2(c) transition metal oxide catalyst AND reaction (1) 1
e.g.
manganese(IV) oxide / manganese dioxide AND decomposition of hydrogen peroxide
OR
vanadium(V) oxide AND reaction of sulfur dioxide with oxygen / vanadium pentoxide AND formation of SO3 (from SO2 )
2(d) low(er) temperatures needed / low(er) pressure needed / less heat needed / less energy needed / conserves energy 1
resources / cheap(er) heating costs / cheap(er) fuel costs / cheap(er) pressure costs

PUBLISHED
3(a)(i) mix (solutions) together AND then filter / add solutions (to each other) AND then filter / take the mixture AND filter (1) 3
wash the residue (with distilled water / solvent) (1)
place residue in warm place (to dry) / place in oven (to dry) / use of filter paper (to dry) / leave (to dry) on windowsill (1)
3(a)(ii) Ag+(aq) + Cl −(aq) → AgCl(s) 2
formulae and balance correct (1)
correct state symbols dependent on correct formulae (1)
3(b)(i) photochemical (1) 1
3(b)(ii) 2AgCl → 2Ag + Cl2 (1) 1
3(c) (moles of nitric acid) = 4.5 × 10–3 (1) 3
EITHER
moles from first marking point × 170 OR 0.765 g (silver nitrate) (1)
(0.765 × 0.8) = 0.612 g (silver nitrate) (1)
OR
moles from first marking point × 0.8 OR 3.6 × 10–3 moles (silver nitrate) (1)
(3.6 × 10-3 × 170) = 0.612 g silver nitrate (1)

PUBLISHED
4(a) 300 2
moles of SiO2 = 5 OR
60
300
OR moles of P4 = OR 0.83 (1)
360
mass of P4 (= moles of SiO2 × 124 ÷ 6 OR = moles of P4 × 124) = 103.3 (1)
• low melting point / low boiling point (1)
• poor conductor of electricity / poor conductor of heat (1)
• does not dissolve in water (1)
4(c) has a giant (ionic) structure (1) 2
strong attraction between ions / difficult to break attraction between ions / lot of energy needed to overcome (strong) attractive
forces between ions (1)
4(d) 30 31 3– 2
particle 15 P 15 P
number of electrons 15 18
number of neutrons 15 16
number of protons 15 15
(1) (1)

PUBLISHED
5(a) petroleum is heated / crude oil is heated (1) 3
fractional distillation / fractionating column (1)
idea that separation works because naphtha has different boiling point to other fractions / idea of different boiling points at
different places in the column / naphtha comes off at particular height in the column (1)
5(b)(i) (molecular formula) fits the (general) formula CnH2n+2 (1) 1
5(b)(ii) C12H26 → C6H12 + C6H14 / C12H26 → 2C6H12 + H2 2
formula for C6H12 (1)
equation balanced dependent on alkene formula (1)
5(c) 2
H H
C C
H H
(2)
If 2 marks not obtained, one mark for:

EITHER two shared pairs of electrons between the two carbon atoms
OR incorrect number of electrons in carbon-carbon bond (or bond shown by line) BUT
one electron pair between each of the two carbon-hydrogen atoms on each of the two carbon atoms (four electron pairs)
5(d)(i) Cl Cl 1
H C C H
H H (1)
5(d)(ii) C2H4Cl2 (1) 1

PUBLISHED
6(a) 1
OR
(1)
6(b)(i) monomers react together / monomers combine / monomers add together / monomers join / monomers link (1) 2
to form only one product / to give one product and no other molecule / no by-product formed (1)
6(b)(ii) CH3 CH3 1
C C
CH3 CH3 (1)
6(b)(iii) non-biodegradable / causes litter / fills land-fill sites / incineration produces atmospheric pollutants (1) 1
7(a) Mr = 97 OR % zinc = 67 % (1) 2
(% zinc = 67 so mass of zinc = % × 30) = 20.1 (1)
7(b)(i) ZnS + 1½O2 → ZnO + SO2 2
balancing – dependent on correct formulae (1)

PUBLISHED
7(b)(ii) (sulfur dioxide) causes acid rain / (sulfur dioxide) irritates the nose / throat / eyes / lungs (1) 1
7(c) ZnO + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2O (1) 1
7(d) anode: 4OH– → O2 + 2H2O + 4e– (1) 2
cathode: Zn2+ + 2e– → Zn (1)
7(e) Any two from: 2
• (protective) barrier AND stops water and/or oxygen reaching surface / barrier AND stops water / moisture and / or oxygen
reaching iron (1)
• zinc is more reactive (than iron) / is a better reducing agent (than iron) / zinc loses electrons more easily (than iron) / zinc
is higher in the reactivity series (than iron) (1)
• zinc reacts with oxygen and / or water in preference to iron / zinc corrodes instead of iron / zinc oxidises more readily than
iron / zinc loses electrons and gives then to the iron (1)
8(a) a reversible reaction / backward AND forward reaction (1) 2
the concentrations of reactants AND products do not change / amounts of reactants AND products constant / moles of
reactants AND products constant (1)
OR
rate of forward reaction = rate of backward reaction (2)
8(b) amount of carbon dioxide increases / moles of carbon dioxide increases / mass of carbon dioxide increases (1) 2
no gas on left but gas on right (1)
8(c) endothermic / the enthalpy change is positive (1) 1

PUBLISHED
8(d)(i) carbon dioxide (1) 2
limewater turns milky (1)
8(d)(ii) water (1) 2
copper(II) sulfate goes from white to blue / cobalt chloride goes from blue to pink (1)
8(d)(iii) CaCO3 + 2HNO3 → Ca(NO3)2 + CO2 + H2O (1) 1
9(a) SO3NH3 (1) 1
9(b)(i) (a substance that) donates hydrogen ions / (a substance that) produces hydrogen ions (in solution) (1) 1
9(b)(ii) weak acids partially ionise / weak acids do not completely dissociate / weak acids do not fully ionise (1) 2
strong acids completely ionise / strong acids completely dissociate (1)
9(c) moles of acid = 0.25 × 0.15 / 0.0375 (1) 3
Mr of acid = 97 (1)
mass of acid (= moles of acid × Mr) = 3.6(4) (1)
9(d) 16.7 (cm3) (1) 1
9(e) Mg + 2SO3NH3 → H2 + Mg(SO3NH2)2 2
correct formula of Mg(SO3NH2)2 (1)
balanced equation – dependent on correct formulae (1)

PUBLISHED
10(a) butyl ethanoate / butyl acetate (1) 1
10(b)(i) empirical formula is C2H3O2Na (2) 2
If two marks not scored:

1 mark for mole ratio C : H : O : Na is 2.44 : 3.70 : 2.44 : 1.22
OR
1 mark for C = 29.3 / 12 H = 3.7 / 1 O = 39.0 / 16 Na = 28.0 / 23
10(b)(ii) CH3CH2CH2CH2OH (1) 2
idea that it must be an alcohol since it can be oxidised / must be butanol since it is oxidised to butanoic acid (1)
10(c)(i) (compounds with) the same molecular formula but different structures / (compounds with) the same molecular formula but 1
different arrangements of atoms (1)
10(c)(ii) any isomer of butyl ethanoate, e.g. CH3CH2CO2CH2CH2CH3 (1) 1
10(d) does not contains a carbon-carbon double bond / has only single carbon-carbon bonds (1) 1
10(e)(i) molecules move slower / molecules have less kinetic energy (1) 1
10(e)(ii) solvent / flavourings (1) 1

CHEMISTRY 5070/22
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 75
Published
Teachers.
Cambridge IGCSE®, Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some Cambridge O Level
components.
® IGCSE is a registered trademark.

5070/22 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme October/November
PUBLISHED 2017
A1(a)(i) Iron / Fe (1) 1
A1(a)(ii) Oxygen / O2 (1) 1
A1(a)(iii) Hydrogen / H2 (1) 1
A1(a)(iv) Aluminium / Al (1) 1
A1(a)(v) Aluminium / Al (1) 1

41
A1(b) K electrons 19 (1) neutrons 22 (1) 4
17
O2– electrons 10 (1) neutrons 9 (1)
A2(a) Arrangement: ordered / lattice / regular / layers / uniformly arranged / repeated pattern (1) 2
Type of force: electrostatic (1)
A2(b) Crystals: ions cannot move (1) 2
Aqueous: ions can move (1)
A2(c) Magnesium ion 2,8 (1) 2

Chloride ion 2,8,8 (1)
A2(d)(i) Hydrogen is lower in the reactivity series (than sodium) / sodium more reactive (than hydrogen) / hydrogen ions are reduced 1
more easily (than sodium ions) (1)
A2(d)(ii) 2H+ + 2e– → H2 (1) 1
A2(d)(iii) Litmus paper / named indicator paper (1) 2
Bleaches / loses its colour (1)

PUBLISHED 2017
A2(e)(i) All four of: H+, OH–, Cl –, Na+ (1) 1
A2(e)(ii) Hydrogen ions removed (1) 2
Idea of OH– remaining (causing alkalinity) (1)
A3(a) 1 mark each for any two of: 2

• Shiny / lustrous
• Ductile
• Malleable
A3(b) Iron<magnesium<cerium<sodium (1) 1
A3(c)(i) 39.2 3
Mol Fe = OR 0.7(00) (1)
56
0.7(00)
Mol Fe3O4 = OR 0.233 (1)
3
Mass = 0.233 × 232 = 54.1 (1)
A3(c)(ii) Moles H2 = 4 × 0.233 OR 0.933 (1) 2
Volume = 0.933 × 24 = 22.4 dm3 (1)
A3(d) CO is poisonous / toxic (1) 1

PUBLISHED 2017
A4(a)(i) C10H18O (1) 1
A4(a)(ii) Alcohol (1) 1
A4(b) Bromine / bromine water (1) 2
Turns colourless (1)
A4(c) 1 mark each for any three of: 3
• Pigment(s) / dyes / coloured compounds on paper and paper (dipping) in solvent
• Spot of dye above solvent level
• Measure distance moved by dye and solvent (front)
• Calculate Rf value
• Compare with known Rf value(s)
A4(d) Two correct repeat units with amide link (2 marks) 2

e.g.
If 2 marks not awarded, 1 mark for two amide links drawn correctly

PUBLISHED 2017
A5(a) 2CH3COOH + Na2CO3 → 2CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O 2
Correct formulae (1)
Correct balance (1)
A5(b) Bond breaking is endothermic and bond making is exothermic (1) 2
Less energy released (in bond making) than absorbed (in bond breaking) (1)
A5(c) Solvents / flavourings / perfumes (1) 1
B6(a)(i) No effect (1) 2
Equal number of moles (of gases) on each side of the equation / each volumes (of gases) on each side of the equation (1)
B6(a)(ii) Equilibrium moves to the left (1) 2
The (forward) reaction is endothermic / backward reaction exothermic / goes in the direction of the exothermic reaction (1)
B6(b)(i) Substance which completely dissociates to form H+ ions / substance which completely ionises to form H+ ions 1
B6(b)(ii) HI → H+ + I– (1) 1
B6(c) Addition (1) 1
B6(d)(i) Increases (as the number of C atoms increases) (1) 1
B6(d)(ii) Liquid because –7 °C / it is above its melting point and below its boiling point / liquid because –7 °C / it is between the melting 1
point and boiling point (1)
B6(d)(iii) There is no clear trend / the values go up and down / the values go down and up (1) 1

PUBLISHED 2017
B7(a)(i) Magnesium has strong bonding between positive ions / cations and electrons / magnesium is a giant structure (1) 2
Sulfur is a simple molecule / weak forces between sulfur molecules (1)
B7(a)(ii) Magnesium has electrons which move (from place to place) (1) 2
Sulfur does not have delocalised electrons / no mobile electrons / electrons don’t move (1)
B7(b) Giant structure / many covalent bonds (1) 2
Need high temperature / lot of energy to break the bonds (1)
B7(c)(i) Mass of sulfur = 19.2 g (1) 3
19.2 21.3
mol S = mol Cl = OR ratio = 0.6 to 0.6 (1)
32 35.5
SCl (1)
B7(c)(ii) S2Cl2 (1) 1
B8(a) 2 × 39 2
× 100 = 44.8% / 45% (2 marks)
174
If 2 marks not scored correct Mr = 174 (1)
B8(b) (Acidified) barium chloride / barium nitrate (1) 2
White precipitate (1)
B8(c) Nitrates soluble (in water) / nitrates dissolve (easily) (1) 1

PUBLISHED 2017
B8(d) One mark each for any two of: 2
• (Nitrate causing) excessive growth of algae
• Bacterial growth (on dead algae)
• Idea of making water deoxygenated so animals / organisms can’t live
B8(e) 12.5 3
Mol KOH = 0.200 × OR 2.5 × 10–3 (1)
1000
2.5 × 10 −3
Mol phosphoric acid = OR 8.33 × 10–4 (1)
3
Concentration of phosphoric acid = 0.0333 (mol / dm3) (1)

(8.33 × 10–4 × 1000 / 25)
B9(a)(i) Rate doubles as concentration doubles (or reverse argument) (1) 1
B9(a)(ii) Particles closer together / more particles in a given volume (or reverse argument) (1) 2
Higher collision frequency / more collisions per second (or reverse argument) (1)
B9(a)(iii) Increasing temperature increases rate (no marks) 2
Particles move faster / particles have greater kinetic energy (1)
Number of particles with energy greater than the activation energy is increased / more successful collisions / more effective
collisions (1)

PUBLISHED 2017
B9(b)(i) Burning fossil fuels / burning named fossil fuel / volcanoes (1) 1
B9(b)(ii) It is reformed / it is not used up / it is unchanged at the end of the reaction (1) 1
B9(c)(i) Energy humps of both the uncatalysed and catalysed reaction shown and labelled with catalysed reaction below the 2
uncatalysed and hump drawn correctly form reactants line to product line. (2 marks)
If 2 marks not scored allow 1 mark for one or two energy humps drawn correctly from reactants line to products line (1)
B9(c)(ii) Exothermic because energy of reactant greater than energy of products (or reverse argument) (1) 1

CHEMISTRY 5070/21
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 75
Published
Teachers.
components.

PUBLISHED 2017
A1(a)(i) krypton / Kr (1) 1
A1(a)(ii) nitrogen / N2(1) 1
A1(a)(iii) calcium / Ca (1) 1
A1(a)(iv) copper / Cu (1) 1
A1(a)(v) chlorine / Cl2 (1) 1
A1(b) number of electrons number of neutrons 4

33
S 16 (1) 17 (1)
25 2+
Mg 10 (1) 13 (1)
A2(a) arrangement: ordered / lattice / regular / layers / uniformly arranged / repeated pattern (1) 2
type of force: electrostatic (1)
A2(b) solid: ions cannot move (1) 2
aqueous: ions can move (1)
A2(c)(i) (ionisation of) water (1) 1
A2(c)(ii) 4OH− → O2 + 2H2O + 4e− (1) 1
A2(c)(iii) hydroxide (ions) lower in reactivity (than sulfate (ions)) / sulfate (ions) less easily oxidised (than hydroxide (ions)) (1) 1
A2(d)(i) H+, OH−, SO42−, Cu2+ (1) 1

PUBLISHED 2017
A2(d)(ii) hydroxide removed (1) 2
idea of H+ remaining (causing acidity) (1)
A2(d)(iii) Cu2+ ions removed (at negative electrode) (1) 1
A2(e) two pairs of bonding electrons (1) 2

rest of structure correct (1)
A3(a)(i) Any two of: 2
reference to layers (1)
(layers) slide (1)
A3(a)(ii) mobile electrons / electrons can move (1) 1
A3(b) silver < iron < titanium < calcium (1) 1
A3(c)(i) 14.4 3
mol Fe2O3 = OR 0.090 (1)
160
mol Fe = 2 × 0.090 OR 0.180 (1)
mass = (0.180 × 56) = 10.1 (1)
A3(c)(ii) 3 2
mol CO2 = × 0.18 OR 0.27 (1)
2
volume = 0.27 × 24 = 6.48 (dm3) (1)

PUBLISHED 2017
A4(a) alcohol (1) 1
A4(b) propanol (1) 2
reflux / heat (with sulfuric / strong acid / conc acid) (1)
A4(c) bromine decolourised by fumaric acid / colour of bromine goes (brown to) colourless with fumaric acid (1) 2
no colour change with malic acid / bromine remains brown with malic acid / bromine remains the same colour with malic
acid (1)
A4(d)(i) addition (1) 2
condensation (1)

PUBLISHED 2017
A4(d)(ii) for addition polymer: 2
HO O
C H H OH
H C C C C H
H OH C H
HO O
two (or more) repeat units with single bonds between carbon atoms (1)
continuation bonds dependent on correct structure (1)
OR
for condensation polymer:
O O
H O C O C H
C C C C
H H H H
two (or more) repeat units with ester link and continuation bonds (2)
if 2 marks not awarded, 1 mark for ester link drawn correctly

PUBLISHED 2017
A5(a) 2C4H10 + 13O2 → 8CO2 + 10H2O 2
correct reactants and products (1)
balancing dependent on correct formulae (1)
A5(b) bond breaking is endothermic and bond making is exothermic (1) 2
more energy released (in bond making) than absorbed (in bond breaking) (1)
A5(c) jet fuel, heating oil (1) 1
B6(a) acid which doesn’t dissociate completely to give H+ / doesn’t ionise completely to give H+ (1) 1
B6(b)(i) equilibrium shifts to the right (1) 2
to reduce the amount of ethanol added (1)
B6(b)(ii) equilibrium moves to the left (1) 2
the (forward) reaction is exothermic / backward reaction is endothermic / moves in the direction of the endothermic reaction (1)
B6(c)(i) increases (with increasing number of carbon atoms) (1) 1
B6(c)(ii) any value between 0.97 and 1.04 (1) 1
B6(c)(iii) solid because 15 °C is below its melting point / solid because the melting point is above 15 °C (1) 1
B6(c)(iv) there is no clear trend / the values go up and down (and up) (1) 1

PUBLISHED 2017
B6(c)(v) correct structure of propanoic acid showing all atoms and all bonds (1) 1
H H O
H C C C
H H O H
B7(a)(i) giant (molecular) structure / many covalent bonds (1) 2
takes a lot of energy to break the bonds / needs a high temperature to break the bonds (1)
B7(a)(ii) Diamond has a giant covalent structure whereas tin has a metallic structure (1) 2
because diamond or carbon has a much higher melting point OR diamond does not conduct electricity but tin does (1)
B7(a)(iii) (oxide which) reacts with acids or bases (1) 1
B7(b)(i) mass of germanium = 21.9 (g) (1) 3
21.9 42.6
mol Ge = and mol Cl = OR mol ratio Ge : Cl is 0.3 to 1.2 (1)
73 35.5
GeCl4 (1)
B7(b)(ii) (simple) molecular (1) 2
covalent bonding (1)
B8(a) 3 × 14 2
× 100 = 28.2 % (2 marks)
149
If 2 marks not scored correct Mr = 149 (1)

PUBLISHED 2017
B8(b) to increase plant growth / to help make more protein / to add nitrogen to soil depleted by previous year’s growth (1) 1
B8(c) (damp) red litmus paper (1) 2
turns blue (1)
B8(d) ammonia is formed (1) 2
idea of ammonia escaping from the soil as a gas (1)
B8(e) 10.5 3
mol H2SO4 = 0.150 × OR 1.575 × 10–3 (1)
1000
mol NH3(aq) = 2 × 1.575 × 10–3 OR 3.15 × 10–3 (1)
concentration of NH3(aq) = 0.158 (mol dm–3) (1)
B9(a) they have the same molecular formula but the atoms are arranged differently (1) 1
B9(b) rate decreases (1) 2
the gradient of the graph decreases / slope of the graph decreases (1)
B9(c) increases rate (no marks) 2
particles closer together / more particles in a given volume / more crowded particles (1)
greater collision frequency / more collisions per second / rate of collisions increases (1)

PUBLISHED 2017
B9(d) decreases rate (no marks) 2
particles move more slowly / particles have less kinetic energy (1)
number of particles with energy equal to or greater than the activation energy is decreased / fewer successful collisions / fewer
effective collisions (1)
B9(e) left hand box: 3
propanol (1)
C3H7OH (1)
right hand conditions:
catalyst / Ni AND heat / high temperature / high pressure (1)

Cambridge International Examinations
CHEMISTRY 5070/21
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 75
Published
Teachers.
Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes.
Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2017 series for most Cambridge IGCSE®,
Cambridge International A and AS Level and Cambridge Pre-U components, and some Cambridge O Level
components.

PUBLISHED
Question Answer Total
A1(a) Silicon dioxide 1
A1(b) Zinc oxide 1
A1(c) Sulfur trioxide 1
A1(d) Sodium oxide 1
A2(a) sub-atomic particle relative electric charge relative mass 3
electron –1 0 / 0.0005
neutron 0 1
proton +1 1
All four correct (3)

Three correct (2)
Two correct (1)
One correct (0)
A2(b)(i) 85 1
A2(b)(ii) Has more electrons than protons 1
A2(b)(iii) C and E (1) 2
Same number of protons but different number of neutrons (1)

PUBLISHED
A3(a) H+ + OH– Æ H2O (1) 1
A3(b)(i) Sulfuric acid AND sodium hydroxide 1
A3(b)(ii) Place alkali in flask and acid in burette (1) 3
Add acid to alkali until indicator shows it is neutralised (1)
Repeat using same volumes but no indicator (1)
A3(b)(iii) Evaporate solution and allow to crystallise / (concentrate) by heating the solution until the first signs of 2
crystallisation / heat to crystallisation point (1)
(Filter) wash with organic solvent / dry with filter paper / leave or dry in an oven (1)
A3(c)(i) Moles = 0.020 × 0.550 OR 0.011 (1) 2
Mass = 2.563 (1)
A3(c)(ii) Percentage yield = 74.91 1

PUBLISHED
A4(a) Calcium ion is 2.8.8 (1) 2
Chloride ion is 2.8.8 (1)
A4(b) Negative electrode: Ca2+ + 2e– Æ Ca (1) 2
Positive electrode: 2Cl – Æ Cl 2 + 2e– (1)
A4(c) Hydrogen / H2 AND chlorine / Cl 2 1
A4(d) Ionic bonds / attraction between positive ions and negative ions (1) 2
Idea of having many (strong) bonds – this mark is dependent on the correct bonding (1)

PUBLISHED
A5(a) Reaction with steam (1) 2
In presence of a catalyst (1)
A5(b)(i) Solvent / making vinegar 1
A5(b)(ii) C2H5OH + O2 Æ 2C + 3H2O 2

OR
C2H5OH + 2O2 Æ 2CO + 3H2O
Correct products (1)

Balancing (1)
A5(c) (Acidified) potassium manganate(VII) / oxygen 1
A5(d) ANY ONE FROM 1
H
H H
H H H O
C H C H
C C
C H C H H H H
H H
O H
H H H H H C C C C H
C C
H H H H O H
H H H
A5(e) H H H H 1
H C C C C H
H H
A5(f)(i) Addition 1
A5(f)(ii) Do not decay / do not decompose naturally / not attacked by bacteria or microbes 1

PUBLISHED
A6(a) Axes – energy / enthalpy on vertical axis AND progress of reaction / course of reaction on horizontal axis (1) 3
Reactant and product including the relative position of lines – reactant level below products AND reactant and
product labelled (1)
Enthalpy change – shown by upward arrow AND labelled enthalpy change or ∆H (1)
A6(b)(i) Biological catalyst 1
A6(b)(ii) Speeds up a reaction / lowers activation energy 1
A6(c) Particles have more kinetic energy / particles moving faster (1) 2
More successful collisions / more fruitful collisions / more energetic collisions / more particles with energy equal to
or above activation energy(1)

PUBLISHED
B7(a) Blue solution / brown gas / gas bubbles / metal disappears 1
B7(b)(i) Copper(II) nitrate 1
B7(b)(ii) Copper loses electron(s) 1
B7(c) Moles of acid = 0.025 × 16 OR 0.4 (1) 3
Moles of NO2 = 0.2 (1)
Volume of NO2 = 4.8 dm3 / 4800 cm3 (1)
B7(d) 2Cu(NO3)2 Æ 2CuO + 4NO2 + O2 1
B7(e)(i) Blue precipitate / blue solid (1) 2
In excess becomes a dark blue solution (1)
B7(e)(ii) Blue precipitate / blue solid (which does not redissolve) 1

PUBLISHED
B8(a) 2Na + ICl Æ NaCl + NaI 1
B8(b) H H 1
H C C H
Cl I
B8(c) substitution (1) 2
C2H6 + ICl Æ C2H5Cl + HI

OR
C2H6 + ICl Æ C2H5I + HCl (1)
B8(d) Correct ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram 1

xx
x
x I Cl
x
xx

PUBLISHED
B8(e)(i) Reversible reaction (1) 3
Rate of forward reaction is the same as rate of backward reaction (1)
So that the concentrations of reactants and products do not change (1)
B8(e)(ii) The colour becomes less brown / colour becomes more yellow (1) 2
Fewer moles on right hand side so position of equilibrium moves to the right / fewer moles on product side so
position of equilibrium moves to the right (1)

PUBLISHED
B9(a) Light bulb / steel manufacture 1
B9(b) Exists as atoms (and not molecules) 1
B9(c) Atoms do not need to gain or lose electrons / has a stable electronic arrangement 1
B9(d)(i) element xenon oxygen fluorine 2
mass 0.549 g 0.134 g 0.317 g

moles 0.00419 0.008375 0.0167
Mole ratio 1 2 4
Correct moles (1)
XeO2F4 (1)
B9(d)(ii) Relative molecular mass / relative formula mass / molar mass 1
B9(e) Use liquid mixture / liquefy the mixture (1) 3
Heat or boil the mixture (and collect fractions) (1)
Idea that each fraction or gas has a different boiling point (1)
B9(f) Each gas has a different relative atomic mass / atoms or molecules have different masses 1

PUBLISHED
B10(a)(i) CnH2n+1COOH / CnH2nO2 1
B10(a)(ii) ANY TWO FROM: 2

Same functional group (1)
Idea that each member varies by a CH2 group (1)
Same or similar chemical properties (1)
Physical properties change with a trend (1)
B10(b)(i) An acid that partially ionises / partially dissociates 1
B10(b)(ii) MgCO3 + 2CH3CH2CO2H Æ Mg(CH3CH2CO2)2 + CO2 + H2O 1
B10(c) Ethyl butanoate (1) 2
O CH
C2H35
C
H33HC7 C
O (1)
B10(d) (Molecules) move faster / have more kinetic energy (as temperature increases) (1) 3
(Molecules) are further apart (as temperature increases) (1)
(Molecules) are arranged more randomly / more irregularity (as temperature increases) (1)

CHEMISTRY 5070/22
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 75
Published
Teachers.
Cambridge International A and AS Level and Cambridge Pre-U components, and some Cambridge O Level
components.

PUBLISHED
Question Answer Mark
A1(a) Copper(II) chloride 1
A1(b) Ammonium chloride 1
A1(c) Hydrogen chloride 1
A1(d) Ammonium chloride 1
A1(e) Carbon tetrachloride 1
A2(a) number of neutrons in number of electrons in 6

particle atomic number
particle particle
35
Cl 17 18 17 (1)
37
Cl (1) 17 20 17
39 +
K 19 20 (1) 18
79 -
Br 35 (1) 44 36
81
Br 35 46 (1) 35
85
Rb+ (1) 37 48 36
A2(b)(i) Atoms with same number of protons but different number of neutrons / atoms with same atomic number but different 1
nucleon number / atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons
35
A2(b)(ii) Cl and 37Cl 1

PUBLISHED
A3(a)(i) Hydrochloric acid AND magnesium oxide 1
A3(a)(ii) 1 mark each for any 4 of: 4

• Use of excess base (1)
• Use hot acid / use warm acid / warm the mixture (of acid and base) (1)
• Filter mixture (to get filtrate) (1)
• Evaporate some of filtrate and allow to crystallise / leave in warm place to crystallise / heat to crystallisation
point (1)
• (Filter), wash with organic solvent / dry with filter paper / dry in a (drying) oven (1)
A3(b) Ba2+(aq) + SO42–(aq) Æ BaSO4(s) 2
Correct formulae and balancing (1)

Correct state symbols – dependent on correct formulae (1)
A3(c)(i) Moles of acid = 0.020 × 0.65 OR 0.013 (1) 2

Mass = 2.26(2) (g) / 2.3 (g) (1)
A3(c)(ii) Percentage yield = 76.(1) % 1
A4(a) Sodium ion: 2.8 (1) 2

Oxide ion: 2.8 (1)
A(b) Negative electrode: Na+ + e– Æ Na (1) 2

Positive electrode: 2O2– Æ O2 + 4e– (1)
A(c) Ions move / mobile ions / ions free to move 1
A(d) Na2O + H2O Æ 2NaOH 1

PUBLISHED
A5(a) (Acidified) potassium manganate(VII) / oxygen 1
A5(b)(i) Lithium / sodium / potassium / calcium / magnesium (1) 2

Corresponding ethanoate AND hydrogen (1)
A5(b)(ii) CaCO3 + 2CH3CO2H Æ Ca(CH3CO2)2 + H2O + CO2 (2) 2

IF: two marks not scored H2O and CO2 as products = 1 mark
A5(c) H 1
H C H
H O
H C C C O H
H H
A5(d)(i) Condensation 1
A5(d)(ii) Decomposes / decays / will not fill up land-fill sites / less litter / no need for incineration 1

PUBLISHED
A6(a) Energy / enthalpy on vertical axis AND progress of reaction / course of reaction on horizontal axis (1) 3
Reactant level above product level and to the left of product AND reactants and products labelled (1)
Enthalpy change shown by downward arrow AND labelled enthalpy change or ∆H (1)
A6(b) 1 mark each for any two of: 2

• Lower activation energy (1)
• More particles have energy equal to / greater than the activation energy (1)
• Different pathway / different mechanism / via an enzyme complex (1)
• more successful collisions (between groups on enzyme and substrates) / number of effective collisions increase
(with specific groups on enzyme surface) (1)
A6(c) Idea that combustion AND respiration increase levels of carbon dioxide / carbon in the atmosphere (1) 3
Idea that photosynthesis reduces levels of carbon dioxide / carbon in the atmosphere (1)
Idea that these processes balance each other (1)
B7(a) Blue solution / bubbles 1
B7(b)(i) Copper(II) sulfate 1
B7(b)(ii) Copper loses electron(s) 1
B7(c) Moles of acid = 0.025 × 14.0 OR 0.35 (1) 3

Moles of sulfur dioxide = 0.175 (1)
Volume of gas = 4.2 dm3 / 4 200 cm3 (1)
B7(d)(i) Blue precipitate / blue solid (which does not redissolve) 1
B7(d)(ii) Blue precipitate / blue solid (1) 2

In excess ammonia gives a dark blue solution (1)
B7(e) 2CuCl Æ CuCl2 + Cu 1

PUBLISHED
B8(a) Reversible reaction 1
B8(b) (Reaction in which) heat is released 1
B8(c) Idea that no reactants or products can enter / leave 1
B8(d) The colour becomes more brown / colour becomes darker (1) 2
Fewer moles on right hand side so position of equilibrium moves to the left (or reverse argument) / fewer moles on product
side so position of equilibrium moves to the left (1)
B8(e) The colour more brown / colour becomes darker (1) 2

Exothermic reaction so position of equilibrium moves to the left / backward reaction is endothermic so equilibrium moves
to left(1)
B8(f)(i) • Add a reactive metal / carbonate to the two acids at the same concentration (1) 2
AND 1 mark for any one of:
• Time how long it takes for the metal / carbonate to disappear (1)
• Time how long it takes to produce a fixed volume of gas (1)
• Count the number of bubbles over fixed time interval (1)
• Weak acid has a longer reaction time (or reverse argument) / weak acid produces fewer bubbles in a given time
interval (1)
OR
• Add universal indicator to the two acids at the same concentration (1)
AND 1 mark for either one of:
• Compare colour with colour chart (1)
• Red with strong acid AND yellow with weak acid (1)
OR
• Dip pH meter into the two acids at the same concentration (1)
AND 1 mark for either one of:
• Record pH (1)
• pH lower for strong acid / pH less for strong acid (than for weak acid) (or reverse argument) (1)
B8(f)(ii) KNO2 AND KNO3 1

PUBLISHED
B9(a) Fuel 1
B9(b) Decomposing vegetation 1
B9(c) Climate change / global warming 1
B9(d)(i) H C Cl 2
0.040 0.242 0.718 OR
1 12 35.5
0.040 mol 0.020 mol 0.020 mol (1)
CH2Cl (1)
B9(d)(ii) C2H4Cl2 1
B9(e)(i) The (overall) movement of particles from high concentration to a low concentration / mixing due to (random) movement of 1
particles
B9(e)(ii) Particles are moving faster / particles have more kinetic energy 1
B9(e)(iii) Molecules/particles have different (relative formula) masses / molecules/particles have different (relative molecular) 2
masses (1)
Methane (molecules) move or diffuse faster / butane (molecules) move or diffuse more slowly (1)

PUBLISHED
B10(a)(i) CnH2n+1OH / CnH2n+2O 1
B10(a)(ii) Any value between 154 – 164 (°C) (inclusive of these values) 1
B10(b) (Add) yeast (1) 3

Temperature between 5 and 40 °C / no oxygen present / anaerobic (1)
(Fractionally) distil (to get ethanol) (1)
B10(c) Butyl ethanoate (1) 2
H O H H H H
H – C – C – O – C – C – C – C – H (1)
H H H H H
B10(d) They get slower / they move less rapidly (when temperature decreases) / molecules slow down (when temperature 3
decreases) / molecules have less kinetic energy (when temperature decreases) (1)
They / molecules get closer together (when temperature decreases) (1)
They / molecules arranged less randomly / less irregularly (when temperature decreases) (1)

CHEMISTRY 5070/21
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 75
Published
Teachers.
Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2016 series for most
components.
® IGCSE is the registered trademark of Cambridge International Examinations.

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
Cambridge O Level – October/November 2016 5070 21
A1(a) NO / nitrogen oxide / nitric oxide (1) 1
A1(b) CH4 / methane (1) 1
A1(c) Ba(NO3)2 / barium nitrate (1) 1
A1(d) V2O5 / vanadium pentoxide / vanadium(V) oxide (1) 1
A1(e) CaO / calcium oxide (1) 1
Total: 5
A2(a)(i) acid that is completely ionised / acid that is completely dissociated / acid that releases all ionisable hydrogen (1) 1
A2(a)(ii) add Universal Indicator AND compare colour with pH (colour) chart (1) 1
A2(b) add calcium oxide / add lime / add calcium hydroxide / add calcium carbonate (1) 2
base (reacts with the acid) / neutralising (the acid) (1)
A2(c) rate increases as pH increases (then remains constant) (1) 1
Total: 5
© UCLES 2016
A3(a) C8H18O (1) 1
A3(b)(i) increases with increased number of carbon atoms (1) 1
A3(b)(ii) values between 0.806 and 0.813 (inclusive) (1) 1
A3(b)(iii) liquid 1
because melting point is below room temperature and boiling point is above room temperature (1)
A3(c) (viscosity) increases as number of C atoms increases / increases down the alcohols (1) 2
any correct answer related to length / size / mass of molecule e.g. size of molecule increases / length of carbon
chain increases / chains get more tangled / van der Waals’ forces increase / intermolecular forces increase (1)
A3(d) C3H7OH + 4½O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O 2

correct balancing, dependent on correct formulae (1)
A3(e)(i) (acidified) potassium manganate(VII) / potassium permanganate (1) 2

heat / reflux (1)
A3(e)(ii) H 1
H H
C
C O
H C H
H
O (1)
Total: 11
© UCLES 2016
A4(a) peroxodisulfate: increases rate / doubling concentration doubles the rate (1) 2
iodide: increases rate / doubling concentration doubles the rate (1)
A4(b) lower the activation energy (1) 1
A4(c)(i) oxidation number of iron decreases / they gain electrons / iron(III) gets reduced (1) 1
A4(c)(ii) yellow → brown (1) 1
A4(c)(iii) add (aqueous) sodium hydroxide / add (aqueous) ammonia (1) 2

red-brown precipitate (1)
A4(d) 2Fe2+ + S2O82– → 2Fe3+ + 2SO42– (1) 1
Total: 8
A5(a) 39% (2) 2

If 2 marks not scored, molar mass of KClO3 = 122.5 scores 1 mark
A5(b) 12.25 3
KClO3 = OR 0.10 (mol) (1)
122.5
moles O2 = 1.5 × 0.01 = 0.15 moles / idea of multiplying moles by 1.5 (1)
volume of O2 = 3.6 dm3 / 3600 cm3 , correct unit must be included (1)
© UCLES 2016
A5(c)(i) potassium (atom(s)) loses electron(s) (1) 3

chlorine (atom(s)) gains electron(s) (1)
so there are 8 electrons in outer shells of both ions (1)
A5(c)(ii) One mark each for any two of : 2
• high melting point / high boiling point

• dissolves in water
• does not conduct electricity when solid / conducts electricity when molten
Total: 10
A6(a) nitrogen 78% AND oxygen 21% (1) 1
A6(b)(i) correct ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram with two pairs of bonding electrons and four non-bonding electrons on each of the 1
two oxygen atoms (1)
A6(b)(ii) Ar (1) 1
A6(c) argon is unreactive / argon is inert / argon does not react (1) 2
air would react with sodium / air would react with titanium / air would react with the reaction mixture / argon prevents
sodium reacting with air / argon stops titanium reacting with air / to exclude air (1)
A6(d) any suitable e.g. lamps / bulbs / lasers (1) 1
Total: 6
© UCLES 2016
B7(a) reactants labelled on left and products labelled on right AND product level below reactant level (1) 3
enthalpy change labelled and shown by downward arrow (1)
activation energy as upward arrow from left hand energy level to energy ‘hump’ above the highest energy level of
both products and reactant (1)
B7(b) bromine water / aqueous bromine / bromine (1) 2

turns colourless (1)
B7(c) Cu + 4HNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + 2H2O + 2NO2 (1) 1
B7(d) OCOCH3 2
│
CH─CH2 (1)
extension bonds shown (1)
B7(e) One mark each for any two suitable points e.g. : 2
• fills landfill sites

• litter
• when burnt greenhouse gases given off / burning produces poisonous gases
• get caught in birds / fish gullets (causing choking / death)
Total: 10
© UCLES 2016
B8(a) One mark each for any two of : 2
• catalyst / phosphoric acid

• high temperature / heat
• high pressure
B8(b)(i) % yield decreases as temperature increases (1) 3

reaction is exothermic / reaction releases energy (1)
(equilibrium) moves to the left (1)
B8(b)(ii) at 200 ºC rate of reaction will be low / slow reaction at 200 ºC / 300 ºC rate of reaction will be high / fast reaction at 2
300 ºC (1)
idea of compromise temperature / idea of balance between lower yield and faster rate (1)
B8(c) position of equilibrium shifts to the right / equilibrium moves towards the product side (1) 2
more molecules on left than right / more moles of on left than on right (1)
B8(d) HCO2H + C2H5OH → HCO2C2H5 + H2O (1) 1
Total: 10
© UCLES 2016
B9(a) One mark each for any two suitable properties e.g.: 2
• shiny
• conducts heat / conducts electricity
• malleable
• ductile
B9(b) 2 electrodes dipping into liquid and connected to a power supply (1) 3
electrolyte labelled as aqueous silver ions, soluble silver compound or named soluble silver compound / silver
nitrate solution (1)
silver anode / silver positive electrode AND tin cathode / tin negative electrode (1)
B9(c) 5.95 2
mol Sn =
119
3.55
mol Cl =
35.5
dividing masses by correct atomic masses (1)
(mol Sn = 0.05 and mol Cl = 0.1) formula is SnCl2 (1)
B9(d) 13.5 3
mol tin(II) oxide = OR 0.10 mol (1)
135
mass tin(IV) oxide expected = 0.10 × 151 = 15.1 g (1)
12.7
% yield = × 100 = 84% (1)
15.1
Total: 10
© UCLES 2016
B10(a) add acid to alkali in flask with indicator and record volume of acid needed (to neutralise alkali) (1) 4
repeat without indicator adding the recorded volume of acid (1)
evaporate solution to point of crystallisation / leave to crystallise (1)
filter off crystals and dry with filter paper / leave in a drying oven (1)
B10(b) mol LiOH = 0.500 × 20 OR 0.01 mol 1000 3

molar mass of hydrated lithium nitrate = 123 (1)
mass = 123 × 0.01 = 1.23 g (1)
B10(c) brown fumes / colourless liquid condensing at mouth of tube / white solid forming (1) 1
B10(d) ions (are free to) move (1) 1
B10(e) anode: oxygen / O2 AND cathode lithium / Li (1) 1
Total: 10
© UCLES 2016
CHEMISTRY 5070/22
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 75
Published
Teachers.
components.

Section A
A1(a) SO2/sulfur dioxide (1) 1
A1(b) C3H8/propane (1) 1
A1(c) ZnSO4/zinc sulfate (1) 1
A1(d) CO/carbon monoxide (1) 1
A1(e) Na3PO4/sodium phosphate (1) 1
Total: 5
A2(a) NH4+ (1) 2

SO42– (1)
A2(b) warm with sodium hydroxide (1) 2
(damp red) litmus turns blue/ammonia produced turns red litmus blue (1)
A2(c) OH– + H+ → H2O (1) 1
Total: 5
© UCLES 2016
A3(a) One mark each for any two of : 2
• same functional group

• (same) general formula
• similar chemical properties/react similarly
• trend in physical properties
• each differs by CH2
A3(b) H H H H H H H 2
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
H – C – C – C – C – H (1) H–C–C–C–H (1)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
H H H H H │ H
H–C–H
│
H
A3(c)(i) One mark each for any two of: 2
• (generally) increases as number of carbon atoms increases

• increases in zigzag way/idea of going up irregularly/idea of going up unevenly
• decreases between C2 and C3 compound (or words to that effect)
A3(c)(ii) any value between –25 (°C) and –45 (°C) (inclusive of these values) (1) 1
A3(d)(i) C5H12 + 8O2 → 5CO2 + 6H2O 2

correct balance dependent on correct formulae (1)
© UCLES 2016
A3(d)(ii) Any two of: carbon monoxide/carbon/water (1) 2
carbon monoxide is toxic/carbon monoxide is poisonous (1)
Total: 11
A4(a) propane: increases (rate)/doubling concentration doubles rate (1) 3

iodine: no effect (on rate) (1)
hydrochloric acid: increases (rate)/doubling concentration doubles rate (1)
A4(b) particles move faster/particles have more energy (1) 2
more particles have (energy greater than) the activation energy/more successful collisions (1)
A4(c) atom(s) with same number of protons and different number of neutrons/atom(s) of the same element 1
with different number of neutrons (1)
A4(d) I2 + 2At – → At2 + 2I– (1) 1
A4(e) they lose electrons/they are oxidised/they give electrons (to hydrogen peroxide)/the oxidation number 1
of iodine increases/the oxidation number of oxygen is decreased (1)
Total: 8
© UCLES 2016
A5(a) 34.5% (2) 2

If two marks not scored, 171 (for molar mass of nickel carbonyl) scores 1 mark
A5(b) 1.71 3
mol nickel carbonyl = OR 0.01 (mol) (1)
171
mol gases = (0.01) × 5/idea of multiplying mol × 5 (1)
volume of gases = 1.2 dm3/1200 cm3 (units must be correct) (1)
A5(c) low melting point/low boiling point (1) 2
does not conduct electricity (1)
A5(d) isotopes (1) 2
cobalt has greater proportion of heavier isotopes than nickel/nickel has lower proportion of lighter
isotopes than nickel (1)
A5(e) acid that is completely ionised/acid that is completely dissociated/acid that releases all ionisable 1
hydrogen (1)
Total: 10
© UCLES 2016
A6(a) electrons move (throughout the structure)/mobile electrons (1) 1
A6(b) One mark each for any two of: 2
• decrease in melting point down the group, Or Reverse Argument (ORA) /decrease in boiling
point down the group ORA (1)
• increase in density down the group ORA
• increase in reactivity down the group ORA
• decrease in hardness down the group ORA
A6(c) rubidium hydroxide (1) 2

hydrogen (1)
A6(d) sodium more reactive (than titanium) ORA/sodium higher in reactivity series (than titanium) ORA (1) 1
Total: 6
Section B
B7(a) vanadium pentoxide/vanadium(V) oxide/V2O5 (1) 1
B7(b) four bonding electrons between the two oxygen atoms 1

AND
four non-bonding electrons on each oxygen atom (1)
© UCLES 2016
B7(c)(i) little/no change in % yield at low temperature (1) 3
yield decreases as temperature increases (1)
reaction is exothermic so equilibrium moves to the left as temperature increases/increasing

temperature favours the endothermic reaction (1)
B7(c)(ii) at 250 °C reaction is slow(er)/at 450 °C reaction is fast(er) (1) 2
idea of compromise temperature/idea of balance between lower yield and faster rate (1)
B7(d) (position of) equilibrium moves to the right/(position of) equilibrium moves towards the product side (1) 2
more (gas) molecules on left than right of the equation/fewer (gas) molecules on right of equation than
left (1)
B7(e) SO3 + 2HBr → SO2 + Br2 + H2O (1) 1
Total: 10
B8(a) reactants labelled on left and products labelled on the right AND product level below reactant level (1) 3
enthalpy change labelled and shown by downward arrow (1)
activation energy shown as upward arrow from left hand energy level to energy ‘hump’ above the
highest energy levels of both products and reactants (1)
B8(b) C=C double bond/it is unsaturated (1) 1
© UCLES 2016
B8(c) CN 2
│
CH – CH2 (1)
extension bonds shown (1)
B8(d)(i) One mark each for any two of: 2

• high melting point/high boiling point
• high density
• hard
• good conductor of electricity/good conductor of heat
• malleable
• ductile
• shiny/lustrous
B8(d)(ii) Mo(s) + 3Cl2 (g) → MoCl6 (s) 2

correct state symbols, dependent on correct formulae (1)
Total: 10
B9(a) magnesium loses (outer shell) electrons more easily than copper/copper cannot give (outer shell) 1
electrons to hydrogen ions but magnesium can ORA (1)
B9(b) the more zinc the greater the strength/the more copper, the lower the strength (1) 1
© UCLES 2016
B9(c) layers (of atoms/ions) in copper can slide (when a force is applied) (1) 3
atoms/ions of zinc are different size to those of copper/atoms of zinc disrupt the copper lattice (1)
layers (of atoms/ions) in alloy cannot slide (as easily) (1)
B9(d) two rods dipping into a liquid and joined to a power supply (1) 3
electrolyte labelled as ‘aqueous copper ions’/named solution of soluble copper salt e.g. aqueous
copper sulfate/solution of copper sulfate (1)
copper anode/positive electrode AND steel cathode/ negative electrode (1)
B9(e) Cu2O (2) 2
9.86 1.23
If two marks not scored, mol Cu = AND mol O = scores 1 mark
64 16
Total: 10
© UCLES 2016
B10(a) filter (off excess copper oxide) (1) 3
evaporate (filtrate) to crystallisation point/leave in warm place to crystallise/heat (solution) until

saturated (1)
dry with filter paper/dry in a drying oven (1)
B10(b) 15 3
mol sulfuric acid = 2.0 × OR 0.03 (1)
1000
molar mass of hydrated copper sulfate = 250 (1)
mass of hydrated copper sulfate = 7.5 g (1)
B10(c) (light) blue precipitate (1) 2
dark blue solution (in excess) (1)
B10(d) anode: oxygen/O2 (1) 2
cathode: copper/Cu (1)
Total: 10
© UCLES 2016
CHEMISTRY 5070/21
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 75
Published
Teachers.
Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some Cambridge O Level components.

Cambridge O Level – May/June 2016 5070 21
A1(a) Poly(propene) (1) 1

A1(b) PVC (1) 1
A1(c) Protein (1) 1
A1(d) Starch (1) 1
A1(e) Terylene / polyester (1) 1
Total: 5
A2(a) 1 mark for any one of: 1

• Low melting point / low boiling point
• Does not conduct electricity
• Does not conduct heat
A2(b)(i) H2S → H+ + HS– / H2S → 2H+ + S2– (1) 1
A2(b)(ii) Incomplete dissociation / partial dissociation (1) 1
A2(c) Moles of H2S = 0.005 (1) 3
Moles of KOH = 0.010 / moles of KOH = 2 × moles of H2S (1)
Volume = 66.7 cm3 (1)

A2(d)(i) 1 mark each for any two of: 2
• High melting point
• Does not conduct electricity as a solid
• Soluble in water
• Conducts electricity as a molten liquid
A2(d)(ii) Magnesium (atom) loses 2 electrons (1) 2
Sulfur (atom) gains 2 electrons (1)

Total: 10
© Cambridge International Examinations 2016

A3(a) Flavouring (1) 1

A3(b) H 1
H
C
H
C O
H
O C
H H
C
H H
C
H
H (1)
A3(c)(i) (Net) movement of a substance from a region of high concentration to low 1
concentration (1)
A3(c)(ii) Rate of diffusion increases (1) 2
Particles have more energy / particles are moving faster (1)

A3(c)(iii) Methyl methanoate / HCO2CH3 (1) 2
Lowest relative formula mass (1)

Total: 7
A4(a) All three conditions correct (2 marks) 2

Two correct conditions (1 mark)
• Temperature: 350 to 500 °C

• Pressure: 150 to 1000 atmospheres
• Catalyst: iron
A4(b) Rate of reaction increases AND 2

particles closer together / more particles per unit volume / more crowded
particles (1)
More collisions per second / increased collision frequency / collisions more

often (1)
A4(c) Lowers the activation energy (1) 1
A4(d) Percentage of N in ammonium nitrate = 35% (1) 2
Percentage of N in urea = 47% (1)
OR
Both formulae contain two nitrogen atoms (1)
Urea has a lower relative formula mass (1)
Total: 7

A5(a) sodium 2
magnesium
X
lead
silver
Sodium, magnesium, lead and silver in correct order (ignore X) (1)
X directly between magnesium and lead (1)

A5(b)(ii) Zinc / iron / tin (1) 1
A5(c) XO + Mg → MgO + X (1) 1
A5(d) X + Pb2+ → X2+ + Pb (1) 1
A5(e) Conducts electricity 3
Electrons can move (1)
High melting point

Attraction between sea of electrons and (positive) ions / forces between sea of
electrons and ions (1)
Attraction is very strong / force is very strong / it takes a lot of energy to
overcome these strong forces (1)
(this mark is dependent on attraction between (positive) ions and
electrons / forces between ions and electrons)
Total: 8
A6(a)(i) Global warming / ice caps melting / sea level rising (1) 1
A6(a)(ii) Rotting vegetation (1) 1
A6(a)(iii) Ozone depletion (1) 1
A6(b) Correct ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram for CFCl3(1) 1
A6(c)(i) Reaction of nitrogen with oxygen / N2 + O2 → 2NO (1) 1
A6(c)(ii) NO (is reduced) to make N2 / 2NO → N2 + O2 (1) 2
CO (is oxidised) to make CO2 / 2CO + O2 → 2CO2 (1)

A6(d) HNO2 (1) 1
Total: 8

B7(a) 1 mark each of any four from: 4
• Use of excess silver oxide

• Use of nitric acid
• Warm the solution / use warm nitric acid / use hot nitric acid
• Filter mixture to get the solution
• Evaporate some of the solution and leave / leave to crystallise / warm to
crystallisation point / leave on window sill (to crystallise) / evaporate
solution then cool
B7(b)(i) White precipitate (1) 1
+ –
B7(b)(ii) Ag (aq) + Cl (aq) → AgCl (s) 2
Correct state symbols dependent on the correct formulae (1)
B7(c)(i) Silver (1) 1
B7(c)(ii) 4OH– O2 + 2H2O + 4e– (1) 1
B7(d) 4AgNO3 2Ag2O + 4NO2 + O2 (1) 1
Total: 10
B8(a)(i) Contains only carbon-carbon single bonds (1) 1

B8(a)(ii) Contains only carbon and hydrogen (1) 1
B8(b) C6H12 + 9O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O (1) 1
B8(c) HCl (1) 2
C6H11Cl (1)
B8(d) Moles of C6H14 = 3.0 (1) 2
Mass of C6H12 = 252 (g) (1)

B8(e)(i) Mole ratio C : H = 7.14 : 14.3 or 85.7 / 12 and 14.3 / 1(1) 2
Divide by 7.14 to get empirical formula (1)
B8(e)(ii) H H 1
H H
C C
C C
H H
H H (1)
Total: 10

B9(a) Bond breaking absorbs energy and bond making releases energy / bond 2
breaking is endothermic and bond making is exothermic (1)
More energy absorbed than released / less energy released than absorbed /
endothermic energy change is more than exothermic energy change /
exothermic energy change is less than endothermic energy change (1)
B9(b) Moles of H2 = 10 (1) 2
Energy absorbed = 1310 (kJ) (1)

B9(c)(i) Position of equilibrium moves to the left / equilibrium shifts to the reactant 2
side (1)
More moles of gas on product side / fewer moles of gas on reactant side / less
volume (of gas) on left (or reverse argument) / fewer molecules of gas on the
left ( or reverse argument) (1)
B9(c)(ii) Position of equilibrium moves to the right / equilibrium shifts to the product 2
side (1)
Reaction is endothermic / backward reaction is exothermic (1)

B9(d)(i) Produces carbon monoxide which is toxic or poisonous gas / reaction involves a 1
very high temperature (1)
B9(d)(ii) Saves crude oil / crude oil can be used to make other chemicals / coal or coke is 1
less of a finite resource than crude oil (1)
Total: 10

B10(a)(i) Moles of Zn and H2 = 0.01 (1) 2
Volume of H2 = 0.24 dm3 (1)

B10(a)(ii) The number of moles of iron is different (1) 1
B10(b) One mark each for any two observations from: 4
Solution gets warmer / heat given off (1)
White precipitate formed (1) which redissolves in excess (1)
Green precipitate formed (1)
With excess the green precipitate remains (1)
One mark each for any two explanations from
Acid is neutralised (1)
Green precipitate is iron(II) hydroxide (1)
White precipitate of zinc hydroxide (1) which will redissolve in excess (1)
B10(c)(i) Oxidation number of iron increases / oxidation number of iron becomes more 1
positive / iron(II) ions lose electrons (1)
B10(c)(ii) Use (filter paper dipped into acidified) potassium manganate(VII) (1) 2
Purple colour changes to colourless (1)

Total: 10

CHEMISTRY 5070/22
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 75
Published
Teachers.
Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some Cambridge O Level components.

A1(a) C and H (1) 1

A1(b) B (1) 1
A1(c) Addition – B / E / F / I 1
AND
Condensation – A / C / D / G / H
(1)
A1(d) B / E (1) 1
A1(e) G (1) 1
Total 5
A2(a) 1 mark for any one of: 1

• Low melting point / low boiling point
• Does not conduct electricity
• Does not conduct heat
A2(b)(i) HF → H+ + F– 1
+
A2(b)(ii) Hydrogen ion(s) / H present 1
A2(c) Moles of HF = 0.01 (1) 3
Moles of Ca(OH)2 = 0.005 / moles of Ca(OH)2 = 0.5 × moles of HF (1)
Volume = 33.3 cm3 (1)

A2(d)(i) 1 mark each for any two of: 2
• High melting point / high boiling point
• Soluble in water
• Conducts electricity as a molten liquid
A2(d)(ii) Magnesium (atom) loses 2 electrons (1) 2
Fluorine (molecule) gains 2 electrons / each fluorine atom gains an electron (1)
Total 10

A3(a) H H 1
O C C H
H C H H
O (1)
A3(b)(i) Changing of a liquid into a gas / changing liquid to vapour (happening at any 1
temperature) (1)
A3(b)(ii) Molecules have less energy / molecules move slower (1) 2
Molecules don’t have enough energy to overcome force between molecules /

molecules don’t have enough energy to escape (into the air) (1)
A3(b)(iii) Pentyl ethanoate / CH3CO2C5H11 (1) 2
Highest relative formula mass (1)

Total 6
A4(a) All three conditions correct (2 marks) 2

Two correct conditions (1 mark)
Temperature 350 to 500 °C
Pressure 1 to 10 atmospheres
Catalyst vanadium(V) oxide / vanadium pentoxide / V2O5

A4(b) Rate of reaction increases AND 2
particles closer together / more particles per unit volume / more crowded
particles (1)
More collisions per second / increased collision frequency / particles collide

more often (1)
A4(c) Reduces the cost of the process / (allows reactions to be carried out at) lower 1
temperatures / (allows reactions to be carried out at) lower pressures
A4(d) Relative formula mass = 174 (1) 2
Percentage of K = 44.8% (1)

Total 7

A5(a) sodium 2
magnesium
zinc
cobalt
silver
Sodium, magnesium, zinc and silver in correct order (ignore cobalt) (1)
Cobalt between zinc and silver as shown above (1)

A5(b) CoO + Mg → MgO + Co (1) 1
A5(c) (Thermally) decomposes / cobalt oxide formed / carbon dioxide formed / 1
CoCO3 → CoO + CO2
A5(d) Attraction between sea of electrons and (positive) ions / forces between sea of 2
electrons and (positive) ions (1)
Attraction is very strong / force is very strong / it takes a lot of energy to

overcome these strong forces (1)
(second mark dependent on attraction between ions and electrons / forces
between ions and electrons)
A5(e) 59 1
27 Co (1)
Total 7
A6(a) Correct ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram for carbon dioxide (1) 1

A6(b)(i) From fields / from farms / fertilisers (1) 1
A6(b)(ii) 1 mark each of any three from: 3
• Eutrophication
• Increased growth of algae / algal bloom / fast growth of algae
• This blocks out sunlight / plants can’t photosynthesise
• Plants (beneath the surface) die AND get decomposed by bacteria that
use up oxygen
• Other aquatic organisms die because of lack of oxygen
A6(c) Chlorination – kills bacteria or microbes (1) 3
Filtration – removes insoluble materials / removes solid / removes named

solid (1)
Use of carbon – removes odours / removes (unpleasant) tastes (1)

A6(d)(i) Weak intermolecular forces / weak forces between molecules / weak 1
intermolecular bonds / weak attractive forces between molecules / not much
energy needed to overcome intermolecular forces (1)
A6(d)(ii) Add universal indicator and it will turn green / add full range indicator and it will 1
turn green / add pH paper and it turns green (1)
Total 10

B7(a) 1 mark each of any four from: 4

• Use of excess lead(II) oxide
• Use of nitric acid
• Warm the solution / use warm / hot nitric acid
• Filter mixture to get the solution
• Evaporate some of the solution and leave / leave to crystallise / warm to
crystallisation point / leave on window sill (to crystallise) / evaporate
solution then cool
B7(b) Pb2+(aq) + 2I–(aq) → PbI2(s) 2
Correct formulae and balance (1)
State symbols – dependent on correct formulae (1)

B7(c)(i) Cathode – hydrogen / H2 (1) 2
Anode – oxygen / O2 (1)
B7(c)(ii) 2H+ + 2e– → H2 1
B7(d) 2Pb(NO3)2 → 2PbO + 4NO2 + O2 1
Total 10
B8(a)(i) Contains (one or more) carbon-carbon double bond / contains C=C bond 1
B8(a)(ii) Contains only carbon and hydrogen / contains carbon and hydrogen and no 1
other element
B8(b) 2C6H10 + 17O2 → 12CO2 + 10H2O (1) 1
B8(c)(i) C6H10Br2 (1) 1
B8(c)(ii) (bromine / solution) goes colourless / decolourised (1) 1
B8(d) Moles of C6H14 = 3.0 (1) 2
Mass of C6H12 = 246 (1)

B8(e)(i) Mole ratio C: H = 7.35 : 11.8 (1) 2
Idea of dividing by smallest / simplest ratio is 1 : 1.6 AND × 5 (1)

B8(e)(ii) H H 1
H C
H
C C
H
C C
H
H
H (1)
Total 10

B9(a) Bond breaking absorbs energy and bond making releases energy / bond
breaking is endothermic and bond making is exothermic (1) 2
Less energy absorbed than released / more energy released than absorbed /
endothermic energy change is less than exothermic energy change /
exothermic energy change is more than endothermic energy change (1)
B9(b) Moles of methanol = 5 (1) 2
Energy released = 455 kJ (1)
B9(c)(i) Position of equilibrium moves to the right / equilibrium shifts to the product side 2
(1)
Fewer moles on product side / more moles on reactant side / greater volume (of
gas) on left ORA / greater number of molecules on the left ORA (1)
B9(c)(ii) Position of equilibrium moves to the left / equilibrium shifts to the reactant side 2
(1)
Reaction is exothermic / forward reaction is exothermic / backward reaction is

endothermic (1)
B9(d)(i) Butanoic acid (1) 1
B9(d)(ii) (Mineral) acid (1) 1
Total 10

B10(a) Chloride ions lose electrons / oxidation state of chlorine increases or gets more 1
positive / oxidation state (of chlorine) goes from –1 to 0 / the chloride loses
hydrogen (1)
B10(b) Idea that manganese(IV) oxide is limiting reagent / HCl(aq) is in excess (1) 2
The volume of gas is proportional to the mass of MnO2 / As the mass of MnO2
increases, the volume of gas increases / There is a positive correlation
between (the mass of) MnO2 and the (volume of) chlorine (1)
B10(c) 1.20 (1) 1
B10(d) Iron(II) chloride gives a green precipitate / Iron(II) chloride gives a grey-green 4
precipitate (1)
Iron(III) chloride gives a brown precipitate (1)
Fe2+ + 2OH– → Fe(OH)2 /

FeCl 2 + 2NaOH → Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl (1)
Fe3+ + 3OH– → Fe(OH)3 /

FeCl 3 + 3NaOH → Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl (1)
B10(e) (Moist blue or red) litmus paper (1) 2
Bleached / goes white (1)

Total 10

CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS
MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2015 series
5070 CHEMISTRY
5070/22 Paper 2 (Theory), maximum raw mark 75
This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of
the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not
indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began,
which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers.
Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner
Report for Teachers.
Cambridge IGCSE®, Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some
Cambridge O Level components.

A1 (a) iron (1) [1]
(b) iodine (1) [1]
(c) sulfur (1) [1]
(d) lead (1) [1]
(e) argon (1) [1]
(f) aluminium / magnesium (1) [1]
[Total: 6]
A2 (a) 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 (2) [3]

1 mark for correct reactants and products
1 mark for correct balancing (dependent on correct reactants and products)
conditions: chlorophyll and light (1)
(b) (i) glucose / sugars (1) [1]
(ii) EITHER [2]

acid (1)
heat / reflux (1)
OR
enzymes / amylase (1)

REJECT: other named enzymes which do not hydrolyse starch
at room temperature / temperature any value between 1 °C and 40 °C / pH 7 (1)
(c) (i) calcium ethanoate (1) [2]

(CH3COO)2Ca / correct displayed formula (1)
(ii) CH3COOC2H5 shown as displayed formula (1) [1]

or
C2H5COOCH3 shown as displayed formula (1)
or
HCOOC3H7 shown as displayed formula (1)
or
HCOOCH(CH3)2 shown as displayed formula (1)

(iii) 1 mark for

C = 37.5 / 12 H = 12.5 / 1 O = 50 / 16 [2]
or
= 3.125 = 12.5 = 3.125
1 mark for
3.125 12.5 3.125
3.125 3.125 3.125
or
1 4 1
or
CH4O
[Total: 11]
A3 (a) carbon for removing smells / removing odours / for removing tastes / so it tastes [2]
better (1)
chlorine to kill bacteria / to kill microbes / to kill micro-organisms (1)
(b) removal of salt / removal of minerals from (sea) water (1) [1]
(c) nitrate and phosphate (1) [1]
(d) Ba2+(aq) + SO42–(aq) → BaSO4(s) (2) [2]

1 mark for correct formulae
1 mark for correct state symbols (dependent on correct formulae)
[Total: 6]
A4 (a) (i) CO2 + C → 2CO (1) [1]
(ii) Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2 (1) [1]
(b) to form calcium oxide / to make calcium oxide (1) [1]
56 × 3
(c) ( × 100 =) 72.4 % or 72% (2) [2]
232
2 marks for correct percentage

OR 1 mark for 232 or ((56 × 3) + (16 × 4)) as denominator, or (56 × 3) or 168 as
numerator

(d) anode reaction is oxidation as loss of electrons (1) [2]

OR
anode reaction is oxidation as oxidation number of oxygen increases (1)
cathode reaction is reduction as gain of electrons (1)

OR
cathode reaction is reduction as oxidation number (of iron) decreases (1)
(e) 1 mark each for any two of: [2]

• magnesium more reactive than iron / magnesium higher in the reactivity
series
• magnesium reacts instead of iron / magnesium corrodes instead of iron /
magnesium corrodes preferentially
• magnesium loses electrons instead of iron
(f) Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2 (1) [1]
[Total: 10]
A5 (a) (i) 1 mark each for any two of: [2]

• diffusion
• molecules move randomly / molecules spread out / molecules get mixed
up
• (bulk movement of molecules) from high to low concentration / with the
concentration gradient
(ii) they have different relative molecular masses / they have different molar [1]
masses (1)
(b) molecules or particles move faster at higher temperature (or reverse argument) / [2]
molecules or particles have more (kinetic) energy at higher temperature (1)
molecules spread out / molecules move further away from each other (on
average) / space between molecules increases (1)
[Total: 5]

A6 (a) 9.60 / 32 or 0.3(0) mol S (1) [2]

(247 × 0.30) = 74.1 (kJ) or 74 (kJ) (1)
(b) SO2 + OH– → HSO3– (1) [1]
(c) higher concentration of H+ ions in ethanoic acid / more crowded H+ ions in [2]
ethanoic acid (or reverse argument) (1)
collision frequency greater in ethanoic acid (or reverse argument) (1)
3.2
(d) 3.2 g NaOH = or 0.08 mol (1) [2]
40
(0.08 / 0.1) = 0.8 dm3 or 800 (cm3) (1)
[Total: 7]
B7 (a) (atoms) arranged tetrahedrally / tetrahedral (structure) / (bent) hexagonal [1]

(structure) / four atoms round carbon and four atoms round silicon / both giant
(structures) / both lattices / both macromolecules / each has one atoms surrounded
by four others (1)
(b) giant structure / lattice (1) [2]
(all) bonds are strong / takes a lot of energy to break bonds / needs high
temperature to break the bonds (1)
(c) SiO32– (1) [1]
(d) no mobile electrons / does not have delocalised electrons / does not have free [1]
electrons / all electrons are used in bonding (1)
(e) breakdown / decomposition of substance using electric current (1) [1]
(f) (i) 2O2– → O2 + 4e– (1) [1]
(ii) Al 3+ + 3e– → Al (1) [1]
(g) protons 14 and neutrons 15 (1) [1]
(h) (weighted) mass of atom on scale where carbon-12 atom weighs 12 units / idea of [1]
mass of an atom comparison with C-12 atom (1)
[Total: 10]

B8 (a) 6 × 10–3 mol Cl2 (1) [3]
9.5 × 10–3 mol NaOH (1)
mol NaOH required to react with all chlorine = 12 × 10–3 or mol Cl needed to
react with NaOH = 4.7(5) × 10–3
AND
Cl2 in excess (1)
(b) (i) Cl2 + 2KBr → Br2 + 2KCl (2) [2]

1 mark for balancing (dependent on correct formulae)
(ii) chlorine more reactive than bromine / chlorine above bromine in reactivity [1]
series (or reverse argument)
(iii) –1 or Cl – or – (1) [2]
2,8,8 (1)
(c) in solid, the ions are in fixed positions / ions do not move (1) [2]
when molten, the ions can move (1)
[Total: 10]
B9 (a) bromine water / aqueous bromine / bromine (1) [2]

decolourises / goes colourless (1)
(b) arrangement: not ordered / disordered / no fixed arrangement / no fixed position / [2]
random / irregular (shape) (1)
motion: slide over each other / move over each other (1)
(c) correct molar masses of isoprene and methylsulfolene: 68 AND 132 or 68 + 64 (1) [3]
100/68 or 1.47 mol isoprene (1)
(× 132) = 194.1 g methylsulfolene (1)
(d) (i) double bond / C=C (bond) (1) [1]
(ii) CO2CH3 [2]

|
CH2 = C (2)
|
CH3
1 mark for CH2=C correct; 1 mark for rest of molecule correct
[Total: 10]

B10 (a) position of equilibrium moves to the right / moves in forward direction / moves to [2]
the product side / moves to make more PCl3 / moves to make more Cl2 (1)
(if pressure decreases) reaction goes in direction of increasing number of moles

(in stoichiometric) equation) / goes in direction of more moles of products /
products have larger (gas) volume than reactants (1)
(b) position of equilibrium moves to left moves in backward direction (1) [2]
to reduce the concentration of added substance / to reduce the concentration of

chlorine (1)
(c) (i) increasing temperature increases the % of PCl3 (or reverse argument) (1) [1]
(ii) reaction is endothermic (because as temperature increases the amount of product [1]
increases) (1)
(d) no effect / position of equilibrium remains the same (1) [1]
(e) molecules move faster / molecules have more energy (1) [2]
more molecules have energy greater than activation energy (1)
(f) PCl5 + 4H2O → H3PO4 + 5HCl [1]
[Total: 10]

5070 CHEMISTRY

A1 (a) argon (1) [1]
(b) chlorine / sulfur dioxide (1) [1]
(d) ammonia (1) [1]
(c) ethene (1) [1]
(e) nitrogen(II) oxide (1) [1]
(f) oxygen (1) [1]
[Total: 6]
A2 (a) three pairs of bonding electrons between H and N (1) [2]

two non-bonding electrons on N (1)
(b) propyl ethanoate (1) [2]
H
H
C O
C
H
H
O H
C H
C
H C
H H
H (1)
(c) [2]
C H 0
mole 76.60
/
6.38 17.02
/
ratio /
12 1 16
6.38 6.38 1.064
simplified 6.38 6.38 1.064

/ / /
ratio 1.064 1.064 1.064
6 6 1
mole ratio line (1)
simplified ratio or empirical formula (1)

(d) (i) sulfur dioxide / SO2 (1) [2]

(sulfur dioxide) dissolves and is oxidised / reacts with (rain)water and oxygen
(1)
(ii) any suitable example e.g. reacts with mortar / reacts with limestone / erodes
buildings (made of carbonate rocks) / corrodes metalwork etc. (1) [1]
(iii) C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O [2]
correct reactants and formulae (1)
correctly balanced equation (1)
[Total: 11]
A3 (a) (i) chlorofluorocarbons / CFCs (1) [1]
(ii) ozone absorbs uv (radiation) (1) [2]
too much uv increases incidence of skin cancer / cataracts etc. (1)
(b) (i) reaction catalysed by light / light involved in breakdown of chemicals (1) [1]
(ii) 2O3 → 3O2 (1) [1]
(c) 2Fe2+ + 2H+ + O3 → 2Fe3+ + H2O + O2 (1) [1]
[Total: 6]
A4 (a) positive ions in regular layers with a minimum of two layers of ions (1) [2]
electrons shown interspersed between the particles shown (1)

+ + + +
positive ion
e e e e e
+ + + +
electron e e e e
e
+ + + +
Marks can be awarded from correct description in writing or from labelled

diagram.
(b) idea of layers of metal atoms / or ions (1) [2]
can slide over each other (when force applied) (1)

(c) (i) correct Mr of 128 or ( 2 × 64) as numerator of fraction [2]

OR
correct Mr (2 × 64) + 12 + (16 × 5) + (2 × 1) or 222 as denominator (1)
percentage = 57.65 / 57.7 (1)
(ii) add acid (1) [2]

gas evolved turns limewater milky (1)
(d) A is oxidation because electrons are lost (1) [2]
B is reduction because electrons are gained (1)
[Total: 10]
A5 (a) (i) ANY FOUR FROM: [4]
ammonia molecules / HBr molecules have enough energy to escape from the
HBr(aq) or NH3(aq) (1)
diffusion (1)
molecules move randomly / molecules spread out / molecules get mixed up

(1)
move from high to low concentration / move with the concentration gradient
(1)
solid formed where NH3 and HBr react (1)
HBr has higher Mr than NH3 / molecules of HBr are heavier than molecules of
NH3 (1)
NH3 molecules move faster than HBr molecules / NH3 diffuses faster (1)
(b) higher pressure pushes molecules closer together [1]
[Total: 5]
A6 (a) mol of NaOH = 0.30 (1) [2]
energy released (= 0.30 × 57.1) = 17 / 17.1(3) (kJ) (1)
(b) mol of HCl = 2.19 / 36.5 OR = 0.06 (1) [2]

volume = (0.06 / 0.2) = 0.3 dm3 / 300 cm3 (1)
(c) add nitric acid and silver nitrate (1) [2]

white precipitate / white solid formed (1)

(d) amphoteric (1) [1]
[Total: 7]
B7 (a) weak forces between layers / (weak) van der Waals’ forces between layers (1) [2]
layers slide over each other (easily) (1)
(b) 5 protons and 6 neutrons (1) [1]
(c) giant structure / lattice (1) [2]
(all) bonds are strong / lot of energy needed to break the bonds / needs high
temperature to break the bonds (1)
(d) (i) has delocalised electrons / free electrons / electrons can move (1) [1]
(ii) inert / does not react (with the electrolyte) (1) [1]
(e) (i) 4OH– O2 + 2H2O + 4e– (1) [1]
(ii) 2H+ + 2e– → H2 (1) [1]
(iii) the mole ratio of H to O in water is 2:1 / for every 2 moles of hydrogen
produced only 1 mole of oxygen is liberated (1) [1]
[Total: 10]
B8 (a) (i) mol Mg (= 0.030 / 24) = 1.25 × 10–3 (1) [3]

mol HCl (= 0.10 × 20 / 1000) = 2 × 10–3 (1)
mol HCl required to react with 1.25 × 10–3 mol Mg is

2.5 × 10–3 so Mg in excess (1)
(ii) bubbles / effervescence / fizzing / tube gets hot / magnesium reduces on

size (1) [1]
(b) mol of gas( = 24 / 24 000) = 1.0 × 10–3 (1) [2]

mass of hydrogen (= 2 × 1.0 × 10–3) = 2.0 × 10–3 (g)
(c) greater surface area (1) [2]
more frequent collisions (of H+ ions with Mg) (1)
(d) (i) 3Mg(s) + N2(g) → Mg3N2(s) (1) [1]

(ii) 3 – / –3 (1) [1]
[Total: 10]
B9 (a) arrangement: regularly arranged / in a set pattern / ordered / not random / fixed
position (1) [2]
motion: vibrating / do not move (from place to place) (1)
(b) (i) condensation (polymer) (1) [1]
(ii) correct structure with minimum of two units (2) [2]
e.g.
O O
║ ║
- O – □ – C ─ O – □ – C – (as minimum required)
(c) (i) moles methanal (= 1800 / 30) = 60 mol (1) [3]

mass of glycolic acid (= 60 × 76) = 4560 (g) (1)
for 45% yield (= 4560 × 45 / 100) = 2052 (g) (1)
(ii) strong acid is fully ionised / fully dissociated in solution (1) [2]
weak acid is partially ionised / incompletely dissociated in solution (1)
[Total: 10]
B10 (a) position of equilibrium moves to right / more products formed (1) [2]
goes in direction of decreasing number of moles / goes in direction of smaller

volume / fewer moles of products than reactants (1)
(b) position of equilibrium goes to the right / more products formed (1) [2]
reaction is exothermic / backward reaction is endothermic / reaction goes to the

exothermic direction (1)
(c) particles move slower / particles have less energy (1) [2]
fewer particles have activation energy / fewer successful collisions / fewer fruitful
collisions (1)
(d) (i) speeds up reaction (1) [2]
by lowering the activation energy / providing an alternative reaction pathway (1)

(ii) ANY TWO FROM: [2]

form coloured compounds (1)
have variable oxidation states / form ions with different charges (1)
form complex ions (1)
[Total: 10]

MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2015 series
5070 CHEMISTRY
Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2015 series for most

A1 (a) Butanoic acid / propanoic acid (1) [1]
(b) Propanol (1) [1]
(c) Ethanol / methanol / propanol [1]

AND
Butanoic acid / propanoic acid (1)
(d) Ethyl butanoate (1) [1]
(e) Propane / propanoic acid (1) [1]
[Total: 5]
A2 (a) Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3 + H2O (1) [1]
(b) Calcium hydroxide is a base / calcium hydroxide is an alkali / calcium hydroxide

contains OH– (1)
H+ + OH– H2O (1) [2]
(c) Reacts (with ammonium nitrate) to give ammonia (1)
Reduces nitrogen content of soil / ammonia escapes into the air (1) [2]
(d)
Ca H P O
Mole 17.1 1.7 26.5 54.7
/ / / ./
ratio 40 1 31 16
0.4275 1.7 0.8548 3.419
Simplified 0.4275 1.7 0.8548 3.419
.
ratio 0.4275 0.4275 0.4275 0.4275
/ / / /
1 4 2 8
Mole ratio line (1) Simplified ratio line (1)

Empirical formula CaH4P2O8 (1)
Anion H2PO4– / H4P2O82– / PO43–(1) [4]
[Total: 9]

A3 (a) (i) Bond breaking absorbs energy and bond making releases energy / bond
breaking is endothermic and bond making is exothermic (1)
Less energy absorbed than released / more energy released than

absorbed / endothermic energy change is less than exothermic energy
change / exothermic energy change is more than endothermic energy
change (1) [2]
(ii) Moles of oxygen = 1.5 (1)

Energy released = 588 (1) [2]
(b) CFC / oxides of nitrogen / nitric oxide (1) [1]
(c) (i) Moves to the left / moves to reactants / moves to ozone / backward reaction
favoured (1)
More moles (of gas) on right / fewer moles (of gas) on left / more molecules
on right / more volume (of gas) on right (1) [2]
(ii) Moves to the left / moves to reactants / moves to ozone / backward reaction
favoured (1)
(Forward) reaction is endothermic / reverse reaction is exothermic (1) [2]
(iii) Reaction is slower because particles are moving slower / rate decreases
because particles have less energy (1)
There are fewer successful collisions / fewer particles have energy above the
activation energy (1) [2]
[Total: 11]
A4 (a) Atoms with same number of protons and different number of neutrons / atoms
with same atomic number and different mass number (1) [1]
(b) number of neutrons 17 (1)

number of protons 16 (1)
electronic configuration 2.8.6 (1) [3]
(c) S8 (1) [1]
(d) (i) Weak intermolecular forces / weak attraction between molecules (1) [1]
(ii) No free electrons / no delocalised electrons / all electrons used in bonding / no

mobile electrons (1) [1]
(e) K+ and 2.8.8 (1)

S2– and 2.8.8 (1) [2]

(f) Both shared pairs between H and S (1)

Rest of structure correct (1) [2]
(g) 2H2S + SO2 3S + 2H2O (1) [1]
[Total: 12]
A5 (a) (i) B is O2 (1) [1]
(ii) 2Cu(NO3)2 2CuO + 4NO2 + O2
Identification of NO2 as a product (1)

Balanced equation (1) [2]
(b) C is ammonia (1)

D is copper(II) hydroxide (1) [2]
(c) Any soluble carbonate e.g. sodium carbonate / potassium carbonate / ammonium
carbonate (1)
Cu2+(aq) + CO32–(aq) CuCO3(s)

State symbols – dependent on formulae (1) [3]
[Total: 8]
B6 (a) Add sodium hydroxide (and warm) (1)

Ammonia formed / gas that turns most red litmus paper blue (1) [2]
(b) Moles of NH4NO2 = 0.025 × 0.500 OR 0.0125 (1)

Moles of N2 = 0.0125 (1)
Volume of N2 = 0.3 dm3 / 300 cm3 (1) [3]
(c) N2O and H2O (1) [1]
(d) Use of ammonia / ammonium carbonate (1)

Use titration / add acid or alkali via a burette to other chemical (1)
Note volume of acid or alkali used / find reacting volume / find the end-point (1)
Repeat without the use of an indicator (using the same volumes) / heat
neutralised solution with carbon and then filter (1) [4]
[Total: 10]

B7 (a) MoO3 + 2Al Al2O3 + Mo (1) [1]
(b) Reduction since MoO3 loses oxygen AND

Oxidation since Al gains oxygen (1) [1]
(c) Mr of MoO3 = 144 (1)

Moles of MoO3 is 0.868 (1)
Mass of Mo = 83.3 (g) (1) [3]
(d) Molybdenum because aluminium can displace it (1) [1]
(e) (i) Closely packed metal ions (1)

Delocalised electrons / free electrons / sea of electrons (1) [2]
(ii) ANY TWO FROM

(Much) strong(er) attraction between electrons and positive ions (1)
Needs more energy to break the attraction / needs more heat to overcome
the attraction (1)
Greater charge on cation (1)
More delocalised electrons (1) [2]
[Total: 10]

B8 (a) Fractional distillation (1)
Cracking (1) [2]
(b) 2Cl – Cl2 + 2e– (1) [1]
(c)
Cl Cl
H C C H
H H (1) [1]
(d) Hydrogen chloride (1) [1]
(e)
Cl H
C C
H H
Correct repeat unit (1)

Free bonds at the end (1) [2]
(f) (i) Maximum mass = 2250 (tonnes) (1) [1]
2175
(ii) % yield = × 100 (1)
2250
% yield = 96.7 (1) [2]
[Total: 10]
B9 (a) Melting point below 25 °C (1)

Boiling point above 25 °C (1) [2]
(b) Particles’ movement changes from vibrating to (translational) movement /

gain kinetic energy / particles move faster (1)
Arrangement of particles becomes random / intermolecular forces are overcome (1) [2]
(c) Volume is decreased (1)

Particles become closer together / space between particles decreases (1) [2]
(d) Fractional distillation

AND
Have different boiling points (1) [1]

(e)
H
H H
H C
C
C H
H H H H
H
H H
H C C C C H C
H
H H H H (1) H (1) [2]
(f) Any correct structure with one or more hydrogen atoms substituted by a
chlorine (1) [1]
[Total: 10]

5070 CHEMISTRY
Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2015 series for most

A1 (a) (i) C (1) [1]
(ii) A (1) [1]
(iii) F (1) [1]
(iv) G (1) [1]
(b) A AND B / A AND G (1) [1]
[Total: 5]
A2 (a) Fluorine (1) [1]
(b) (i) Bond breaking absorbs energy AND bond making releases energy / bond
breaking is endothermic AND bond making is exothermic (1)
Less energy absorbed than released / more energy released than absorbed /
endothermic energy change is less than exothermic energy change /
exothermic energy change is more than endothermic energy change (1) [2]
(ii) Moles of chlorine = 1.5 (1)
Energy released = 277.5 (kJ) (1) [2]
(c) (i) Unchanged / does not move (1)
Same number of moles (of gas) on both sides / equal volumes (of gases) on
both sides / equal number of molecules on both sides (of the equation) (1) [2]
(ii) Moves to the left / backward reaction favoured / moves to reactants / moves to
H2 or I2 (1)
(Forward) reaction is endothermic / reverse reaction is exothermic (1) [2]
(d) (i) HI → H+ + I– (1)

OR
H2O + HI → H3O+ + I– (1) [1]
(ii) Ca + 2HI → CaI2 + H2 [1]
(iii) CO32– + 2H+ → H2O + CO2 (1)

OR
CO32– + 2H+ → H2CO3 (1)
OR
CO32– + H+ → HCO3– (1) [1]
[Total: 12]

A3 (a) (Different) number of neutrons / (different) mass number / (different) nucleon

number / phosphorus 32 has one extra neutron / atomic mass / mass (1)
(Same) number of protons / (same) atomic number / both have 15 protons (1) [2]
(b) P4 (1) [1]
(c) (i) Weak intermolecular forces / weak attraction between molecules (1) [1]
(ii) No free electrons / no delocalised electrons / all electrons used in bonding / no

mobile electrons(1) [1]
(d)
number of neutrons 16 (1)
number of protons 15 (1)
electronic configuration 2,8,8 (1)

[3]
(e) All three shared pairs between H and P (1)
Rest of structure correct (1) [2]
(f) 2PH3 + 4O2 → P2O5 + 3H2O

Balancing – dependent on correct formulae (1) [2]
[Total: 12]
A4 (a) (i) B is SO2 (1) [1]
(ii)
S O
Mole 40 60
ratio 32 16
OR 1.25 OR 3.75
Simplified 1 3
ratio
Mole ratio line (1)
Empirical formula SO3 (1)
Sulfur trioxide / sulfur(VI) oxide (1) [3]

(iii) Fe2O3 (1) [1]
(b) Fe2+(aq) + 2OH–(aq) → Fe(OH)2(s)

Equation (1)
State symbols – dependent on correct formulae (1) [2]
(c) Any soluble barium compound e.g. barium nitrate / barium chloride (1)
BaSO4 (1) [2]
[Total: 9]
A5 (a) (i) Mg2+ + 2e– → Mg (1)
2Cl – → Cl2 + 2e– (1) [2]
(b) (i) Impure copper (1) [1]
(ii) Pure copper (1) [1]
(c) Moles of NaCl = 55 × 3.5 OR 192.5 (1)
Moles of Cl2 = 96.25 / 96.3 / idea of dividing moles by 2 (1)
Volume = 2310 (dm3) (1) [3]
[Total: 7]
B6 (a) white solid disappears / pungent smell / condensation / colourless droplets (1) [1]
(b) For ammonia:

Test with (moist red) litmus (1)
turns blue (1)
OR
Test (with stopper / glass rod from) (concentrated) HCl (1)
white smoke / white fumes(1)
For carbon dioxide:

Test with lime-water (1)
Goes milky / cloudy / white precipitate / goes white (1) [4]

(c) Add soluble zinc compound / zinc chloride / zinc sulfate / zinc nitrate / other named
soluble zinc compound (1)
Filter (1)
NOTE: This mark can only be scored for filtration directly after mixing the
reagents and implying that it is the solid that is on the filter paper
Wash and (air) dry residue (1) [3]
(d) 3(NH4)2CO3 + 2H3PO4 → 2(NH4)3PO4 + 3CO2 + 3H2O

Balancing – dependent on correct formulae (1) [2]
[Total: 10]
B7 (a) TiCl4 + 2Mg → 2MgCl2 + Ti (1) [1]
(b) Reduction because Ti ions gain electrons / oxidation number of Ti decreases (1)
Oxidation since Mg loses electrons / oxidation number of Mg increases (1) [2]
(c) Mr of TiCl4 = 190 (1)
Moles of TiCl4 is 0.658 / % of Ti = 25.3 (1)
Mass of Ti = 31.6 (g) (1) [3]
(d) Titanium because magnesium can displace titanium (1) [1]
(e) (Simple) molecular / reference to molecules (1)
Covalent (1) [2]
(f) Electron(s) can move / has delocalised electron(s) (1) [1]
[Total: 10]
B8 (a) Any correct equation e.g.

C17H36 → C3H6 + C14H30 (1) [1]
(b) reaction is faster because particles are moving faster / rate increases because
particles have more energy (1)

more particles have energy above the activation energy / more effective
collisions / more fruitful collisions / more energetic collisions / more (chance of)
successful collisions (1) [2]
(c) (i) Has carbon-carbon double bond / has C=C bond (1) [1]
(ii) Add bromine (water) (1)
Goes from (orange / brown / red / red-brown) / to colourless / (bromine) is

decolourised (1) [2]
(d) H CN
│ │
C–C
│ │
H H
Correct repeat unit (1)
Free bonds at the end (1) [2]
(e) Maximum / predicted mass = 1750 (tonnes)
OR
95
1750 × (1)
100
Mass of product = 1662.5 (tonnes) (1) [2]
[Total: 10]
B9 (a) Melting point below 25 °C (1)

Boiling point above 25 °C (1) [2]
(b) Particles move faster / particles gain energy (1)
Particles spread out / move away from each other (1) [2]
(c) Volume of gas increases (1)
Particles spread out (1) [2]
(d) Ethene has a lower (relative) molecular mass / ethene has a lower formula mass /
or reverse argument (1) [1]

(e) ANY TWO FROM
H H H H
H
H C C H
H C C C
C H H C C H
H H
H (1) H H (1)
H
H C H
H C C
H
H C
H
H (1) [2]
(f)
H H H H H H
H C C C C C C H
H H H H H OH
OR
H H H H H H
H C C C C C C H
H H H H OH H (1) [1]
[Total: 10]

5070 CHEMISTRY
Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2014 series for
most Cambridge IGCSE®, Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some

A1 (a) (i) C / carbon / Si / silicon (1) [1]
(ii) N / nitrogen (1) [1]
(iii) K / potassium (1) [1]
(iv) N / nitrogen (1) [1]
(v) C / carbon (1) [1]
(vi) Zn / zinc (1) [1]
(b) 4K + O2 → 2K2O (1) [1]
(c) aluminium forms an oxide layer (1)
layer is unreactive / layer cannot be easily removed from the surface / layer
adheres to (metal) surface / layer is impermeable to water (1) [2]
[Total: 9]

A2 (a) (i) values between 1.6 and 2.6 (1)

(actual value = 2.15) [1]
(ii) values between –130 and – 80 (1)

(actual value = –107) [1]
(b) (i) arrangement: is random / irregular (1)
motion: rapid / fast / can move anywhere / random (1) [2]
(ii) any suitable use e.g. in steelmaking / in light bulbs / welding (1) [1]
(c) completely filled outer shells of electrons / not able to gain electrons / not able to
lose electrons / not able to share electrons (1) [1]
(d) 3XeF4 + 6H2O → Xe + 2XeO3 + 12HF (1) [1]
(e) ANY THREE FROM
air liquefied (1)
temperature of liquefied air raised (gradually) / liquid air is heated (1)
gas with lowest boiling point vaporises first (1)
idea of fractionation depending on difference in boiling points (1)
idea of fractionation depending differences in size (or mass) of the atoms or

molecules (1) [3]
[Total: 10]

A3 (a) chromatography paper dipping into labelled solvent in a beaker (1)
solvent level below the spots at start of experiment / below base line drawn /
below marked spot (1) [2]
(b) (i) B and E (1) [1]
(ii) 0.68 to 0.72 (1) [1]
(c) (i) to make the spots visible / because the spots may not be coloured (1) [1]
(ii) (light) blue precipitate (1)
(dark) blue solution in excess (1) [2]
(iii) Cu2+(aq) + 2OH–(aq) → Cu(OH)2(s)
correct state symbols (dependent on correct formulae) (1) [2]
[Total: 9]

A4 (a) (i) Zn → Zn2+ + 2e– / Zn – 2e– → Zn2+ (1) [1]
(ii) in the copper / silver cell the copper is the negative electrode (1) [1]
(iii) silver and magnesium (1) [1]
(iv) magnesium
zinc
iron
tin
copper (1)
the higher the voltage (difference between copper and the metal) the more
reactive the metal / voltage (difference) gets smaller, the less reactive the
metal (1) [2]
(b) (i) metal layers (1)
slide over each other when force applied (1) [2]
(ii) electrons (originating from valency shell) can move / sea of

electrons / some of the electrons are mobile / there are free electrons (1) [1]
(c) tin prevents oxygen and/or water from reaching the iron (1) [1]
[Total: 9]

A5 (a) (i) moles acid = 1.2 × 10–3 / 0.0012 mol (1) [1]
(ii) moles OH– ions = 2.4 × 10–3 / 0.0024 mol (1) [1]
(iii) sulfuric (acid) (no mark but if incorrect 0, marks for question)
mole ratio of acid to OH– is 1:2 so the acid must have 2H+ per mole / only way
to get 1:1 ratio of H+ to OH– from 1:2 ratio of acid to OH– (1) [1]
(b) (i) CaCO3 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O (1) [1]
(ii) 24 / (2 × 60) = 0.2 cm3 / s (1) [1]
(iii) ethanoic acid dissociates only slightly / ethanoic acid partially

dissociated / hydrochloric acid dissociated fully (1)
lower concentration of H+ ions in ethanoic acid OR reverse argument (1)
lower frequency of collisions (with CaCO3) in ethanoic acid OR reverse

argument (1) [3]
[Total: 8]

B6 (a) (i) silicon dioxide is giant covalent structure / has a continuous structure of
covalent bonds all linked in 3-dimensions (1)
all bonds are strong / all bonds need high temperature to break / all bonds
need a lot of energy to break (1)
poly(ethene) has weak forces between the molecules / weak intermolecular

forces (1)
not much energy required to overcome weak forces / weak forces easily
broken / small amount of energy required to separate molecules (1) [4]
(b) addition (polymerisation) (1) [1]
(c) hydrocarbon because contains carbon and hydrogen only / contains carbon and
hydrogen and no other element (1)
unsaturated because it has a (C=C) double bond (1) [2]
(d)
CH2 CH3
O
H Si H
O
H3C CH2 (1) [1]
(e)
C H Si Cl
1.55 4.65 0.775 1.55 (1)
C2H6SiCl2 (1)
[2]
[Total: 10]

B7 (a) C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O (1) [1]
(b) (i) respiration releases CO2 AND photosynthesis absorbs CO2 (1)
The (rate of) CO2 released into the atmosphere is (roughly) the same as the
amount absorbed from the atmosphere (1) [2]
(ii) gas which absorbs infra-red radiation / gas which absorbs energy / gas
which absorbs heat (1) [1]
(iii) waste gas from animals / rice paddy fields / bacterial action / landfill
sites etc. (1) [1]
(iv) (0.0014 dm3 in 1000 dm3 )

and 0.0014 / 24 = 5.833 × 10–5 mol CH4 (1)
5.833 × 10–5 × 16 = 9.33 × 10–4 g (1) [2]
(c) (i) the oxygen in O2 comes from the water / the oxygen in the
oxygen molecule comes from the water (1) [1]
(ii) protons = 8 AND electrons = 8 (1)
neutrons = 10 (1) [2]
[Total: 10]

B8 (a) 2ZnS + 3O2 → 2ZnO + 2SO2 (1) [1]
(b) (i) position of equilibrium shifts to the right (1)
in direction of smaller number of moles / in direction of smaller volume (1) [2]
(ii) position of equilibrium shifts to the left (1)
(forward) reaction is exothermic / reaction goes in direction of absorption of

heat (1) [2]
(iii) increases rate of reaction / lowers activation energy / alternate reaction

pathway (1)
less fuel used to heat the reaction / less fuel used for the process / a lower
temperature can be used / less electricity used to maintain the
temperature / need to use the energy for less time (to get same amount of
product) (1) [2]
(c) (i) 2 × CaSO4 = 2 × 136 = 272 (1)

(272 / 506) × 100 = 53.8% (1) [2]
(ii) ANY ONE FROM
money or energy wasted in transporting calcium sulfate which is not required

(1)
money or energy wasted in transporting substance which is not a fertiliser (1)
waste of money or energy in spreading a substance which is not a fertiliser

(onto the soil) (1)
calcium sulfate does not dissolve and so is left on the soil [1]
[Total:10]

B9 (a) (i) acidity caused by H+ ions (1)
H+ ions consumed in the reaction / H+ ions used up in the reaction (1) [2]
(ii) orange / reddish-brown (1) [1]
(iii) ions or particles have more energy / move faster (1)
more particles or ions have energy above the activation energy / more
energetic collisions / more effective collisions / more successful collisions /
more fruitful collisions (1) [2]
(b) Br2 + 2I– → I2 + 2Br– (1) [1]
(c) purple solution goes brown (1)
iodide oxidised to iodine / iodine is brown (1) [2]
(d) aqueous bromine decolourised (1) [1]
(e) correct dot and cross diagram for bromine molecule (1) [1]
[Total: 10]

5070 CHEMISTRY
Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2014 series for
most Cambridge IGCSE®, Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some

A1 (a) (i) S / sulfur / P / phosphorus (1) [1]
(ii) Fe / iron (1) [1]
(iii) P / phosphorus (1) [1]
(iv) Zn / zinc / As / arsenic (1) [1]
(v) Fe / iron (1) [1]
(vi) H / hydrogen / H2 / N / nitrogen / N2 (1) [1]
(b) (i) 4As + 3O2 → 2As2O3 (1) [1]
(ii) (arsenous acid) has a lower concentration of hydrogen ions / hydrochloric

acid has higher concentration of hydrogen ions (1)
less frequent collisions (between ions in arsenous acid) / more frequent

collisions (between ions) in hydrochloric acid (1) [2]
[Total: 9]

A2 (a) (i) (density generally) increases down the group (1) [1]
(ii) allow between 710 – 860 (oC) (1)

(actual value = 760 oC) [1]
(iii) liquid (no mark on its own)

melting point is below 35 (oC) AND boiling point is above 35 (oC) (1) [1]
(b) (i) more reactive down the group / less reactive up the group (1) [1]
(ii) 2Rb + 2H2O → 2RbOH + H2 (1) [1]
(iii) reaction which releases heat / releases energy / products have lower energy
than reactants / reaction in which ∆H is negative / temperature (of
surroundings) increases (1) [1]
(c) H– + H2O → OH– + H2 (1) [1]
(d) (i) sodium has low density / nickel has high density (1)
sodium has low melting point / nickel has high melting point / sodium has low
boiling point / nickel has high boiling point (1) [2]
(ii) any suitable use e.g. manufacture of margarine / other stated hydrogenation
reactions e.g. cyclohexane from benzene / sorbitol from glucose / amines from
nitro-compounds / amines from nitriles / alkanes from alkenes / alkanes from
alkynes (1) [1]
(iii) nickel ions are different size to copper ions (1)
idea of disruption of layers in metallic structure / layers cannot slide as

easily (1)
NOTE: there MUST be some idea of layers / rows or sheets sliding not just
atoms sliding [2]
[Total: 12]

A3 (a) water and salts have different boiling points (1)
water evaporates AND salts / residues / impurities / solids left in flask (1)
water condenses / turns to liquid in the condenser (1) [3]
(b) (i) Mg2+ and Cl - (1)

IGNORE: state symbols [1]
(ii) 0.0265 / 0.027 / 0.03 (mol / dm3) (1) [1]
(iii) white precipitate / white solid formed / white deposit formed (1) [1]
(c) 96 g SO42– → 233 g BaSO4 (1)
233
1.24 g SO42– → × 1.24 OR 3.0096 / 3.01 g BaSO4 (1)
96
50.0
mass in 50 cm3 = 3.01 × = 0.151 g (1)
1000
OR (for 1st two steps)
1.24
moles SO42– = OR 0.0129 (1)
96
mass of BaSO4 = 0.0129 × 233 OR 3.01 g (1)
OR
50
mass of SO42– in 50 cm3 = 1.24 × OR 0.062 g (1)
1000
0.062
moles SO42– = OR 0.000645833 mol (1)
96
mass BaSO4 = 0.000646 × 233 = 0.151 g (1) [3]
[Total: 9]

A4 (a) H+ + OH– → H2O (1) [1]
(b) (i) 20 (cm3) / 0.02 dm3 (1) [1]
45
(ii) mol KOH = 0.15 × OR 6.75 × 10-3 / 0.00675 (1)
1000
mol H2SO4 = 0.003375 / 0.0034 (1)
1000
concentration = 0.003375 × = 0.17 / 0.169 (1) [3]
20
(c) (i) ethanoic acid has 1 mol of ionisable H per mol of acid / H2SO4 has 2 per mol
of acid / ethanoic acid is monobasic / H2SO4 is dibasic / ethanoic acid has one
acidic hydrogen (ion) / sulfuric acid has 2 acidic H+ ions / ethanoic acid has
half as much ionisable hydrogen (1) [1]
(ii) any value between 3 and 6.9 inclusive (1) [1]
(d) (i) ANY TWO FROM
• sulfur dioxide / SO2 (1)
• (sulfur dioxide) oxidised further / (sulfur dioxide) reacts further to form

sulfur trioxide (1)
• oxidation product reacts with water to form sulfuric acid / SO3 reacts with
water to form sulfuric acid (1) [2]
(ii) irritates skin / irritates eyes / irritates nose / irritates mouth (1) [1]
[Total: 10]

A5 (a) sodium
barium
magnesium
nickel
copper (1) [1]
(b) (i) voltmeter and two wires either side of voltmeter across the electrodes (1) [1]
(ii) iron and silver (1) [1]
(c) ANY TWO FROM
• the zinc corrodes instead of the iron / zinc reacts instead of the iron (1)
• zinc is more reactive (than iron) / zinc is more reactive (than steel) / zinc higher in the
reactivity series (than steel / iron) OR reverse argument (1)
• the zinc loses electrons in preference to the iron (1)
IGNORE: sacrificial protection without qualification [2]
[Total: 5]

B6 (a) sodium chloride is giant ionic structure / has a continuous structure of ions / ions in
lattice (1)
strong (attractive) forces between the ions / lot of energy needed to break ionic bond (1)
chlorine is a (simple) molecule / chlorine has simple covalent structure (1)
chlorine has weak forces between the molecules / small amount of energy required to
separate molecules / not much energy needed to break intermolecular forces / chlorine
has weak van der Waals’ forces (1) [4]
(b) in molten sodium chloride ions can move but ions can’t move in solid / ions can only
move in molten sodium chloride (1) [1]
(c) sodium ion 2, 8 and + charge (1)

chloride ion 2, 8, 8 and – charge (1) [2]
(d) at the negative electrode / cathode reduction takes place which is gain of electrons
(by sodium) (1)
at the positive electrode / anode oxidation takes place which is loss of electrons
(by chloride) (1)
OR
sodium ions are reduced because they gain electrons (1)
chloride ions are is oxidised because they lose electrons (1)
OR
sodium is reduced because oxidation number of sodium decreases (1)
chloride / chlorine is oxidised because the oxidation number of chlorine increases (1) [2]
(e) 2NH3 + 3Cl2 → N2 + 6HCl (1) [1]
[Total: 10]

B7 (a) alkenes (1) [1]
(b) melting points increase (1)
increase in melting point from even number to odd number of carbon atoms is
less than from odd to even number / the increase is less for some atoms than
others / any reference to the regular zigzag nature of the increase (1) [2]
(c) C9H20 (1) [1]
(d) (i) C11H24 → C2H4 + C3H6 + C6H14 (1) [1]
(ii) ANY TWO FROM
• (hydrocarbons with) longer chains not in high demand / more longer

chains produced than used / shorter chains in more demand / fewer short
chains produced than used (1)
• so (more) petrol / gasoline is made (1)
• to produce alkenes / to make ethane (1) [2]
(e) (i) 16 g methane → 27 g HCN (1)

27 65
500 g methane → 500 × × = 548 g (1)
16 100
OR
500
= 31.25 mol methane (1)
16
65
31.25 × 27 × = 548 g (1) [2]
100
(ii) Ca(OH)2 + 2HCN → Ca(CN)2 + 2H2O (1) [1]
[Total: 10]

B8 (a) (i) concentration of ethanoate = 0.45 mol / dm3 (1)

200
mass = 0.45 × 59 × = 5.31 / 5.3 g (1) [2]
1000
0.17
(ii) = 5.67 × 10-4 / 5.7 × 10-4 (mol / dm3 / s) (1) [1]
300
(iii) rate of reaction decreases with time / reaction slows down (1)
concentration (of H+ ions) decreases / concentration (of reactants)
decreases / concentration (of ethyl ethanoate) decreases (1)
collision frequency reduced (1) [3]
(b) Fe2+(aq) + 2OH–(aq) → Fe(OH)2 (s)

correct state symbols (dependent on correct formulae) (1) [2]
(c) filter (off iron) (1)
heat filtrate to crystallisation point then leave to crystallise / evaporate off some of the
water from filtrate then leave to crystallise / partially evaporate filtrate and leave to
crystallise
AND
dry crystals with filter paper (1) [2]
[Total: 10]

B9 (a) decreases with increase in temperature (1)
reaction is exothermic / increasing temperature favours reaction which absorbs

heat (1) [2]
(b) increases with increasing pressure (1)
increasing pressure causes reaction to go in direction of decreasing number of

moles / smaller volume (1) [2]
(c) ANY ONE FROM
• low(er) temperature makes reaction rate too slow (1)

• high(er) temperature decreases percentage yield (1)
• low(er) temperature increases percentage yield (1)
• this temperature (i.e. 350–450) gives a (relatively) high rate and low yield (1)
ANY ONE FROM
• low(er) pressure gives poor yield (1)

• high(er) pressure increases yield (1)
• high(er) pressure expends too much energy (1)
• high a pressure too expensive (1)
• high(er) pressure gives a higher rate (1)
• high pressure a safety risk (1)
• this pressure (i.e. 200–300) gives a high yield and high rate (1) [2]
(d) speeds up the reaction / lowers the activation energy (1)
lowers energy costs / less energy used (1) [2]
(e) molar mass of (NH4)3PO4 = 149 (1)
42
× 100 = 28.19% / 28.2% (1) [2]
149
[Total: 10]

GCE Ordinary Level
5070 CHEMISTRY
Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2014 series for most IGCSE, GCE
Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level components and some Ordinary Level components.
GCE O LEVEL – May/June 2014 5070 21
A1 (a) J / NH4+(aq) + OH–(aq) → H2O(l) + NH3(g) [1]
(b) B / Ba2+(aq) + SO42–(aq) → BaSO4(s) [1]
(c) E / Cu2+(aq) + 2e– → Cu(s) [1]
(d) H / H+(aq) + OH–(aq) → H2O(l) [1]
(e) K / 4OH–(aq) → O2(g) + 2H2O(l) + 4e– [1]
[Total: 5]
A2 (a) 2H2S + 3O2 → 2H2O + 2SO2 (1) [1]
(b) Sulfur dioxide causes acid rain / sulfur dioxide linked to effects of acid rain (1)
Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas / carbon dioxide linked to global warming (1) [2]
(c) (i) 999 (1) [1]
(ii) 1 (1) [1]
1
(iii) × 100 (1)
1000
= 0.1 (1) [2]
(d) (i) Volume decreases (1)

Smaller space between the particles / particles are closer together (1) [2]
(ii) Volume increases (1)

Idea that particles have more energy and spread out (1) [2]
[Total: 11]
A3 (a) Initially zinc carbonate is cold so a low speed of reaction / at start zinc carbonate
is not hot enough to decompose (1) [1]
(b) First time when the line is horizontal (1)

ALLOW explanation written on the graph [1]

(c) Graph starts at the origin and ends at the same volume (1)
Graph has same shape as original but always to the left and does not go above
the final volume (1)
Reaction is faster (1)
Particles have more energy / more successful collisions / more energetic
collisions / more fruitful collisions / more effective collisions / more particles have
energy above the activation energy (1) [4]
(d) MgCO3 any time greater than 70 and less than 360 and PbCO3 any time less
than 60 (1)
Idea that the time is linked to position of metal in the reactivity series e.g. the
more reactive the metal the longer the time (1) [2]
[Total: 8]
A4 (a) Positive electrode: 2O2– → O2 + 4e– (1)

Negative electrode: Al 3+ + 3e– → Al (1) [2]
(b) Has a layer of aluminium oxide on the surface (1)

The layer stops water getting to the surface / layer will not let oxygen reach the
surface / the layer will not flake off / layer is non-porous / layer is impermeable (1) [2]
(c) Magnesium is more reactive (than iron) / magnesium is oxidised more

easily / magnesium is above iron in the reactivity series (1)
Magnesium reacts instead of iron (1) [2]
(d) Use of excess aluminium oxide (1)

Use of sulfuric acid (1)
Filter mixture (to get filtrate) (1)
Evaporate some of solution and allow to crystallise / leave in warm place to
crystallise (1) [4]
[Total: 10]
A5 (a) Correct ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram (2)

Award 1 mark for two shared pairs of electrons between carbon atoms / each
carbon-hydrogen bond shown as a shared pair of electrons [2]
(b) C2H4 + H2O → C2H5OH (1)
Any two from:

High temperature / 200–400 °C / heat (1)
High pressure / 30–100 atmospheres (1)
Catalyst / (concentrated) phosphoric acid (1) [3]
[Total: 5]

A6 A copper(II) carbonate (1)
B carbon dioxide (1)
C copper(II) sulfate (1)
D copper(II) hydroxide (1)
E magnesium sulfate (1)
F copper (1) [6]
[Total: 6]
B7 (a) Has only single bonds / has no double bonds (1) [1]
(b) CH2 (1) [1]
(c) Any one of

H H H
H C C C C
H H H H
H H
H C C C C H
H H H H
H H H
C H
C C
C H
H H
H
(1) [1]

(d) (i) C4H8 + 6O2 → 4CO2 + 4H2O

Correct reactants and products (1)
Balancing (1) [2]
600
(ii) Moles of C4H8 = = 25 (1) (mark for working or correct answer)
24
Energy = 67 550 (1) [2]
(iii) Bond breaking absorbs energy / bond breaking is endothermic (1)

Bond making releases energy / bond making is exothermic (1)
More energy is released than absorbed (1) [3]
[Total: 10]
B8 (a) Does not completely dissociate / partially ionises / ionises to form an equilibrium
mixture (1)
CH3CO2H ⇌ CH3CO2– + H+ / CH3CH2CH2CO2H ⇌ CH3CH2CH2CO2– + H+ (1) [2]
(b) Hydrogen (1)

Pops with a lighted splint (1) [2]
(c) Mg(CH3CH2CH2CO2)2 / (CH3CH2CH2CO2)2Mg (1) [1]
(d)
H O H H
H C C O C C H
H H H
(1)
[1]
(e) Moles of NaOH = 0.0232 ×0.1 = 0.00232 (1) (mark for working or correct answer)
Moles of acid = moles of alkali = 0.00232 (1)
Mr = 74.1 (1)
CH3CH2CO2H / propanoic acid / propionic acid (1) [4]
[Total: 10]
B9 (a) Reaction is faster

because the particles are closer together / because the particles are more
crowded / more particles per unit volume (1)
more collisions per second / collisions more often / higher collision frequency (1) [2]
(b) Position of equilibrium shifts to the left (1)

Because the reaction is exothermic / because heat is released (in the forward
reaction) (1) [2]

220
(c) (i) Moles of CO2 = = 5 (1) (mark for working or correct answer)
44
Mass of methane = 80 (1) [2]
(ii) 57.5 (1) [1]
(d) (i) No effect / does not change (1) [1]
(ii) Speed increases (1)

Activation energy is lowered / reaction follows a different pathway (1) [2]
[Total: 10]
B10 (a) (i)

symbol number of number of number of
protons electrons neutrons
223 87 87 136
87 Fr
225 87 87 138
87 Fr
Correct symbol (1)

Correct numbers of electrons (1) [2]
(ii) 2Fr + 2H2O → 2FrOH + H2 (1) [1]
(c) (i) Francium atom loses one electron to make a francium ion (1)
Oxygen atom gains two electrons to make an oxide ion (1) [2]
(ii) Any two from

High melting point (1)
Does not conduct electricity as a solid (1)
Conducts electricity as a molten liquid (1)
Soluble in water (1) [2]
(d) Positive ions in regular layers (2 layers is the minimum required in a diagram) (1)
Electrons shown interspersed between the particles shown (1)
Note: Marks can be awarded from correct description in writing or from a labelled
diagram.
Electrons can move / delocalised electrons / free electrons (1) [3]
[Total: 10]

GCE Ordinary Level
5070 CHEMISTRY
A1 ALLOW: name but correct chemical formulae take precedence
(a) O2 (1) [1]
(b) CH4 (1) [1]
(c) CCl F3 (1) [1]
(d) H2 (1) [1]
[Total: 4]
A2 (a) 28.2 (1) ALLOW: 28 [1]
(b) (i) OH– + H+ → H2O (1) IGNORE: state symbols [1]
(ii) Ammonia formed (1)
(Ammonia) is a gas / (ammonia) escapes into air / (ammonia) escapes from

soil (1)
NOTE: 2nd marking point dependent on 1st marking point being correct. [2]
25
(c) (i) Mol of H3PO4 = 1.25 × = 0.03125 (1) (mark for working or correct answer)
1000
Moles of ammonia = 0.03125 × 3 = 0.09375 (1) (mark for working or correct answer)
ALLOW: answer from 1st marking point × 3
Concentration of ammonia = 2.07 (1)

answer from second marking point
ALLOW: with correctly evaluated answer [3]
0.0453
(ii) Mass = 0.03125 × 149 (1)

NOTE: Mark for the working out, not the answer. [1]
(iii) 62.9 (1) [1]
[Total: 9]

A3 (a) Amide / peptide (1) [1]
(b) Nylon / Kevlar (1)

ALLOW: polyamide [1]
(c) Chromatography paper dipped into the solvent (1)

ALLOW: chromatography paper just touching solvent (there should be no space
between the solvent and the bottom of the paper)
Spot of mixture on paper above the level of the solvent labelled appropriately e.g.
mixture / amino acid / amino acids / spot of amino acid / drop from sample (1)
Use of a locating agent to view the spots / amino acids / use of ninhydrin to view
spots / amino acids (1)
NOTE: this must be after the chromatography
Comparing Rf values with known amino acids / compare with height of spots from
known amino acids run at the same time (1) [4]
(d) (simple) sugars / monosaccharides (1) [1]
(e) (i) Has many C=C bonds / has many carbon-carbon double bonds (2)
If two marks not scored, award 1 mark for has C=C double bond. [2]
(ii) Bromine / bromine water (1)

Decolourised / goes colourless (1)
IGNORE: goes clear / discoloured / fades
NOTE: second mark dependent on correct reagent [2]
(iii) Polyester / Terylene / other named polyester (1) [1]
[Total: 12]

A4 (a) oxygen copper

bromine lead
All four correct (3)

Three correct (2)
Two correct (1)
ALLOW: correct formulae [3]
(b) (i) 2Cl – → Cl2 + 2e– (1)

ALLOW: e for e– [1]
(ii) Hydrogen is low(er) down in the reactivity series (or reverse) / hydrogen is
less reactive (than sodium) (or reverse) (1) [1]
(c) Aluminium / calcium / sodium / potassium / lithium / barium / magnesium (1) [1]
[Total: 6]
A5 (a) Haematite – is iron ore / contains the iron / is reduced to form iron (1)
Limestone – (decomposes to) form calcium oxide which removes impurities (1)
ALLOW: lime (in place of calcium oxide)
Coke – forms carbon monoxide / reduces the iron ore (1) [3]
(b) Positive ions in regular layers (1)

NOTE: 2 layers of ions is the minimum required in a diagram.
Electrons shown interspersed between the particles drawn (1)
NOTE: Marks can be scored from correct description in writing or from a labelled
diagram. [2]
(c) Softer / more malleable / more ductile (1) [1]
(d) (i) Iron(II) ions gain electrons / iron ions gain electrons / it gains electrons (1) [1]
(ii) Green solution becomes paler / green solution fades / green solution
becomes colourless / magnesium becomes coated with a dark solid (1) [1]
[Total: 8]

A6 A iron (1)
B iron(II) chloride (1)
C hydrogen (1)
D iron(II) hydroxide (1)
E iron(III) chloride (1)
F iron(III) hydroxide (1) [6]
[Total: 6]
B7 (a)
H H H H
H C C C C H (1)
H H H H
H
H H H
H C C C H (1)
H C H
H H H
[2]
(b) (i) 2C4H10 + 13O2 → 8CO2 + 10H2O (1)

ALLOW: correct multiples / fractions
(ii) Produces carbon monoxide / produces poisonous gas / produces toxic gas /
produces lots of soot (1) [1]
(c) C4H10 + Cl2 → C4H9Cl + HCl (1)

ALLOW: correct equation with further substitution of H by Cl [1]
(d) (i) Cracking (1) [1]
(ii) (% H is) 16 (%) (1)
84 16
Moles C: Moles H: or mole ratio 7:16 (1)
12 1
Molecular formula is C7H16 (1) [3]

(iii) C2H4 (1)

ALLOW: appropriate formula based on incorrect answer to (c)(ii) [1]
[Total: 10]
B8 (a) 2CH3CH2CH2CH2OH + 2K → 2CH3CH2CH2CH2OK + H2 (1)

ALLOW: any correct multiple / fraction
(b) Pops with lighted splint / (small) explosion with lighted splint (1) [1]
400
(c) Moles of hydrogen = = 0.01667 (1) (mark for working or correct answer)
24 000
Moles of alkali metal = 0.01667 × 2 = 0.03334 (1) (mark for working or correct answer)
Ar = 7 (1)
Lithium / Li (1)
ALLOW: appropriate answer based on incorrect Ar in step 3 [4]
(d)
H O H H
H C C O C C H
H H H
(1)
[1]
(e) C6H12O6 → 2CO2 + 2C2H5OH (1)

IGNORE: state symbols
Any two (1 mark each) from
• Yeast
• Warm / quoted temperature of 20–45 °C
• Absence of air / absence of oxygen / anaerobic
• pH neutral / pH near neutral
• Distil to get final product [3]
[Total: 10]

B9 (a) heat taken in / heat absorbed / heat energy taken in / heat energy absorbed (1) [1]
(b) Reaction rate increases
Particles have more energy / particles moving faster / particles have more
(kinetic) energy (1)
More particles have energy above activation energy / more effective collisions /
more successful collisions / more energetic collisions / more fruitful collisions (1) [2]
(c) Position of equilibrium does not change (1)

Same number moles of gas on both sides / same number of gas molecules on
both sides / same volume of gas on both sides (1) [2]
2.80
(d) Moles of iron = = 0.05 (1) (mark for working or correct answer)
56
0.05
Moles of Fe3O4 = = 0.01667 (1) ( mark for working or correct answer)
3
Mass of Fe3O4 = (0.01667 × 232) = 3.87 g (1)
OR
168 g of Fe makes 232 g of Fe3O4 (1)

ALLOW: Mr = 232
2.8 g of Fe makes 232/168 × 2.8 (1)
Mass = 3.867 (1) [3]
(e) NOTE: must be reference to zinc somewhere in the answer. If not max 1 mark.
Zinc coating / barrier / layer / covering (1)
Stops water getting to iron / stops oxygen getting to iron (1)
OR
Zinc is more reactive / zinc is above iron in the reactivity series / zinc more likely
to be oxidised (1)
Zinc reacts in preference to iron (1) [2]
[Total: 10]

B10 (a) (i)

210 (1)
85 At 85 85 125
211 (1)
85 At 85 85 126
[2]
(ii) Atoms with same atomic number and different mass number / atoms with
same number of protons and different number of neutrons / atoms with same
atomic number and different nucleon number / atoms of the same element
with different numbers of neutrons / nucleons (1) [1]
(b) Correct ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram (1)

IGNORE: inner shell electrons
ALLOW: electrons to be all dots or all crosses [1]
(c) (i) Magnesium loses electrons and astatine gains electrons / magnesium
transfers electrons to astatine (1)
Correct numbers lost / gained: 2 electrons (lost from magnesium) 1 electron

gained (by astatine) (1) [2]
(ii) Any two (1 mark each) from:

• High melting point / high boiling point
• Conducts electricity when molten / conducts electricity in solution
• ALLOW: Soluble in water [2]
(d) (i) Br2 + 2At– → 2Br– + At2 (1)

ALLOW: correct multiples / fractions
(ii) Astatine is less reactive (than iodine) (or reverse) / iodide ions are more
difficult to oxidise (than astatide ions) (or reverse) (1) [1]
[Total: 10]

GCE Ordinary Level
5070 CHEMISTRY
Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2013 series for most IGCSE,
GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level components and some Ordinary Level
components.
GCE O LEVEL – October/November 2013 5070 22
A1 (a) oxygen / O2 (1) [1]
(b) nickel / Ni (1) [1]
(c) sulfur / S (1) [1]
(d) potassium / K (1) [1]
(e) silver / Ag (1) [1]
(f) zinc / Zn (1) [1]
[Total: 6]
A2 (a) (i) decreases as number of carbon atoms increases / increases as number of carbon
atoms decreases (1) [1]
(ii) ethanoic (acid) (1) [1]
(iii) correct formula for propanoic acid showing all atoms and all bonds (1)
H H O
ǀ ǀ ǁ
H–C–C–C–O–H
ǀ ǀ
H H [1]
(b) (i) C5H10O2 (1) [1]
(ii) any value between and including 180–195 °C (1) [1]
(c) (i) Hydrogen (1)

ALLOW: H2 [1]
(ii) C3H7CO2Na / C4H7O2Na / correct displayed or structural formula (1) [1]
(d) (i) speeds up reaction (rate) / reaction faster (1)
lowers activation energy/makes reaction go by different route using less energy /

lowers energy barrier (1) [2]
(ii) solvent / fragrance / perfume / food additive / flavourings / polyesters / terylene (1) [1]
(iii) propyl methanoate (1) [1]
[Total: 11]

A3 (a) 2,8,4 (1) [1]
(b)
28 30
isotope Si Si
number of protons 14 14 (1)
number of electrons 14 14 (1)
number of neutrons 14 16 (1)

[3]
(c) Si + 2Cl 2 → SiCl 4 (1) [1]
(d) (i) does not conduct electricity / does not conduct heat (1)
liquid (at room temperature) / low melting point / low boiling point (1) [2]
(ii) bonding pair between each of the 4 Si and Cl atoms (1)
rest of structure completely correct (1)
IGNORE: inner shell electrons [2]
(e) many (strong) bonds / many (covalent) bonds / lattice / giant structure / lattice of
covalent bonds (1)
a lot of energy needed to break the bonds / high temperature needed to break the
bonds / strong bonds (1) [2]
[Total: 11]
A4 a (i) Any two of:

● respiration/fermentation (1)
● decay of organic matter / decomposition of organisms (1)
● combustion of carbon (compounds)/combustion of fossil fuel / combustion of
named fossil fuel (1)
● decomposition of carbonates/decomposition of limestone (1)
● from increasing temperature of the oceans / removal of (dissolved) carbon
dioxide from oceans (1)
● volcanoes (1) [2]
(ii) photosynthesis/absorbed by oceans/absorbed by seas (1) [1]
(b) (i) gas which absorbs infra-red (radiation) / gas which absorbs infra-red (light) (1)
ALLOW: gas which traps heat / gas which absorbs heat [1]

(ii) name: methane/other named greenhouse gas (1)

ALLOW: CFCs/nitrous oxide
(methane) from swamps / rice paddy fields / gas from waste from animal
digestion / termites / wetlands (1)
ALLOW: (for methane) bacterial action (unqualified) / fracking / animal
digestion (unqualified) / permafrost / glaciers / landfill
NOTE: 2nd mark for source is dependent on the correct gas [2]
(c) (i) (acid which is) incompletely ionised (in water) / (acid which is) partly dissociated /
(acid which is) incompletely dissociated (in water) (1) [1]
(ii) add universal / full range indicator (1)
compare the colour with (colour on) indicator colour chart (1) [2]
(d) 2NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O

correct balance (1) [2]
[Total: 11]
A5 (a) Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2 (1) [1]
(b) (i) axes labelled correctly with appropriate units e.g. volume in cm3 on vertical axis and
time in seconds/s on horizontal axis (1)
graph rising steadily from near 0–0 point (although 0 does not have to be shown)
then either levelling off horizontally or rising with decreasing gradient but not yet
finished (1) [2]
(ii) initial gradient less steep from the start

AND
reaction finishing at same volume of gas as original or still below original level but
likely to finish at the same volume as line A (1) [1]
(c) molar mass of MgC2 = 48 (1)

24/48 = 50% (1)
1 mark for ecf from wrong molar mass of magnesium carbide [2]
[Total: 6]

B6 (a) 2 marks for the reactions at the anode and cathode:

anode reaction: 2O2– → O2 + 4e– / 2O2– – 4e– → O2 (1)
cathode reaction: Al 3+ + 3e– → Al / Al 3+ → Al – 3e– (1)
2 marks for the description:

mention of molten aluminium oxide + cryolite in correct context (1)
AND
Any one of:
● cryolite increases conductivity of aluminium oxide / cryolite helps in dissolving
electrolyte mixture (1)
● graphite electrode(s) / carbon electrode(s) (1)
● any temperature between and including 900–1200 °C quoted (1)
● at anode carbon + oxygen → carbon dioxide (in words or equation) (1) [4]
(b) (i) low density (1) [1]
(ii) (good) electrical conductor (1)

ACCEPT: has mobile electrons [1]
(c) (i) has an oxide layer (1)
oxide (layer) is unreactive / oxide (layer) ‘sticks’ strongly to the surface

(of the aluminium) / oxide is non-porous (1) [2]
(ii) displacement / redox (1) [1]
(iii) Al 2(SO4)3 (1) [1]
[Total: 10]
B7 (a) (unsaturated): has (carbon-carbon) double bond (1)
(hydrocarbon): contains carbon and hydrogen only / has no other elements than
Carbon and hydrogen (1) [2]
(b) (i) high temperature / values between and including 400–500 °C (1)
catalyst/aluminium oxide / zeolites / silicon dioxide (1) [2]
(ii) C14H30 → C2H4 + C12H26 (1) [1]
(c) (i) cling film/ bottles / bags / packaging / sandwich bags / moisture barrier / damp-
proofing / toys / jugs / plates / dustbins / water pipes / screw closures / sacks / gas
pipes / bubble wrap / cable coverings / pond linings / ropes / nets / greenhouses /
paints / glues / waxes / (outdoor) furniture e.g. tables / chairs etc. (1) [1]
(ii) C2H5
ǀ / C2H5CH=CH2 (1)
CH=CH2 [1]

(d) 28 g ethene → 46 g ethanol (1)
0.4 tonnes gives 0.4 × 46/28 OR 0.657 / 0.66 (tonnes) (1)

ALLOW: ecf from incorrect molar masses
(0.657 × 5/100) = 0.03 / 0.033 / 0.0329 (tonnes) (1)

ALLOW: ecf from step 2 i.e. for x answer in step 2 by 5/100 [3]
[Total: 10]
B8 (a) Idea of reactants being converted to products at the same time as products converted
to reactants / reaction is reversible (1)
reactants and products at constant concentrations / amounts of reactants and products
are constant(1)
OR
rate of forward reaction = rate of backward reaction = 2 marks [2]
(b) (i) mol HI = 0.94 x 50/1000 OR 0.047 mol (1)
mass HI = 0.047 x 128 = 6 / 6.0 / 6.02 / 6.016 (g) (1) [2]
(ii) At 25 °C higher concentration of reactant / lower concentration of products / At

450 °C lower concentration of reactant / higher concentration of products / decrease
in temperature shifts reaction to the left / increase in temperature shifts reaction to
right / concentration of reactant increases as temperature decreases / concentration
of products increases as temperature increases (1)
reaction is endothermic (1) [2]
(c) labelled products / H2 + I2 on right and above the reactants (1)
enthalpy change shown as upward pointing arrow with ∆H or ‘enthalpy change’ (1) [2]
(d) add (aqueous) silver nitrate / lead nitrate (1)
yellow precipitate (1) [2]
[Total: 10]
B9 (a) to increase plant growth / to improve plant growth / to grow better / to increase the crop
/ to increase the yield / to make more (plant) proteins / to make more amino acids /
speeds up growth (of crops) (1) [1]
(b) 2NH3 + H2SO4 → (NH4)2SO4 (1) [1]

(c) (i) OH– (1) [1]
(ii) ammonia is produced / NH3 produced (1)
ammonia lost to the air / ammonia is a gas (1) [2]
(d) mol HCl = 0.01 × 4/1000 OR 4 × 10–5 (1)
mol Ca(OH)2 = 2 × 10–5 / half answer to mol HCl (1)
concentration of Ca(OH)2 = (2 × 10–5 × 1000 / 10)

= 2 × 10–3 mol / dm3 (1) [3]
(e) heat solution to crystallisation point / leave in a warm place / partially evaporate solution (1)
filter (off crystals) / pick out crystals

AND
dry crystals with filter paper (1) [2]
[Total: 10]

GCE Ordinary Level
5070 CHEMISTRY
components.
A1 (a) iron(II) chloride (1) [1]
(b) carbon dioxide (1) [1]
(c) nitrogen dioxide (1) [1]
(d) calcium oxide (1) [1]
(e) carbon dioxide (1) [1]
(f) silver chloride (1) [1]
[Total: 6]
A2 (a) CnH2n (1) [1]
(b) ANY TWO FROM:

have same functional group (1)
physical properties change gradually (down the series) (1)
have similar chemical properties (1)
chain increases by CH2 for each successive member (1) [2]
(c) (i) ANY ONE FROM:

catalyst/aluminium oxide/zeolites/silicon dioxide (1)
high temperature/values between and including 400–500 °C (1) [1]
(ii) C14H30 C8H16 + C6H14 (1) [1]
(d) addition (1) [1]

(e) ANY TWO FROM:

does not conduct electricity/does not conduct heat (1)
it is a gas/low melting point/low boiling point (1)
insoluble in water/soluble in organic solvents (1) [2]
(f) absorbs ultra violet/UV light (1)
(too much) UV light harmful/(too much) UV causes skin cancer (1) [2]
[Total: 10]
A3 (a) 2, 8, 8, 2 (1) [1]
(b) (i) atoms of same element with different number of neutrons (1) [1]
(ii)
isotope number of number of number of
42
Ca 20 20 22
48
Ca 20 20 28
proton column (1)
electrons column (1)
neutrons column (1) [3]
(c) (i) CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O (1) [1]
(ii) calcium ion = 2, 8, 8 and charge is + 2 (1)
chloride ion = 2, 8, 8 and charge is –1 (1) [2]
(d) (i) anode: chlorine

AND
cathode: calcium (1) [1]
(ii) hydrogen (1) [1]
(iii) ions cannot move/no free ions (1) [1]
[Total: 11]

A4 (a) nitrogen; 78 to 79% (1)

oxygen; 20 to 21% (1) [2]
(b) fractional distillation (1) [1]
(c) ANY ONE FROM:

acid rain/effect of acid rain e.g. chemical weathering of carbonate rocks/buildings/
killing aquatic life (1)
smog (1)
(worsens) asthma/breathing difficulties (1)
depletion of ozone layer (1) [1]
(d) C8H18 + 8½O2 → 8CO + 9H2O
correct reactants and products (1)
balancing – dependent on correct formulae (1) [2]
(e) speeds up chemical reaction/lowers activation energy (1) [1]
(f) (i) reaction in which oxidation and reduction occur at the same time (1)
(ii) carbon monoxide oxidised to carbon dioxide (1)
nitrogen dioxide reduced to nitrogen (1) [2]
[Total: 10]
A5 (a) Mr of H2O2 as 34 (1)
 32 
 ×100 =  94% (1) [2]
 34 
(b) measure volume of gas or oxygen (1)
at various times (1) [2]
(c) rate of reaction increases/reaction is faster (1)
particles of H2O2 closer together/more particles per unit volume/more crowded particles (1)
greater frequency of collisions (1) [3]

(d) yeast dies (at higher temperatures)/enzymes denatured (1) [1]
[Total: 8]
B6 (a) (i) ANY FOUR FROM:

carbon converted to carbon dioxide (from air blast) (1)
carbon monoxide formed from reaction of carbon with carbon dioxide (1)
carbon monoxide converts iron oxide, iron ore or haematite to iron (1)
(in hotter parts of furnace) carbon converts iron oxide, iron ore or haematite to iron (1)
idea of reduction of iron oxide (1)
calcium carbonate/limestone decomposes to calcium oxide (1)
calcium oxide reacts with silicon dioxide/sand to form slag (1)
balanced equation for iron oxide reduction (1) [4]
(b) in ‘pure’ iron the layers can slide (when force applied) (1)
in alloy the (larger) Mn atoms stop the layers from sliding (1) [2]
(c) (i) 0.0375 / 0.038 mol (1) [1]
(ii) 0.005 / 5 × 10–3 mol (1) [1]
(iii) mol H2 = 5 x 10–3/2 = 2.5 x 10–3 mol (1)
60 (cm3) / 0.06 dm3 (1) [2]
[Total: 10]
B7 (a) (i) (C = 0.48/12 H = 0.08/1 Cl = 1.42/35.5)

C = 0.04 H = 0.08 Cl = 0.04 (1)
CH2Cl (1) [2]
(ii) C2H4Cl2 (1) [1]
(b) two or more units shown polymerised with single bonds only/single unit with single bonds
only and brackets (1)
extension bonds shown (1) [2]

(c) ANY ONE FROM:

in condensation polymer a small molecule is released (on polymerisation) whereas in
addition polymer no other substance is formed (1)
addition polymers formed by double bonds breaking (when monomers combine) whereas
condensation polymers formed by reaction of (specific groups) in each monomer (1) [1]
(d) (i) C2H4 + HCl + ½ O2 → C2H3Cl + H2O / 2C2H4 + 2HCl + O2 → 2C2H3Cl + 2H2O (1) [1]
(ii) CuO + 2HCl → CuCl2 + H2O (1) [1]
(iii) ANY TWO FROM:

high melting point/high boiling point (1)
high density (1)
hard (1) [2]
[Total: 10]
B8 (a) ANY TWO FROM

mixture has no fixed composition but compound has fixed composition (1)
(components of) mixture can be separated (by physical means) but compound cannot (1)
when mixture formed no heat change/energy change but when compound formed there is
an energy change (1)
the properties of a compound are different from those of the reactants (1) [2]
(b) zinc sulfide/labelled products on right and below the reactants (1)
labelled enthalpy change shown correctly with downward pointing arrow (1) [2]
(c) ZnS (1) [1]
(d) (acid which is) incompletely ionised (in water)/(acid which is) partially ionised (in water)/
(acid which is) incompletely dissociated (in water) (1) [1]

(e) (i) Zn + 2H+ → Zn2+ + H2 (1) [1]
(ii) ANY THREE FROM

add excess Zn to sulfuric acid (1)
filter (off excess zinc) (1)
heat filtrate to crystallisation point/partially evaporate filtrate (1)
filter off crystals or pick out crystals and dry on filter paper (1) [3]
[Total: 10]
B9 (a) CH3CO2Na (1) [1]
(b) H+ + OH– → H2O (1) [1]
(c) (i) goes to the right + reason (1)

e.g. reaction goes in direction to oppose direction of change/reaction goes in direction
to reduce concentration of methanol [1]
(ii) goes to the left + reason (1)

e.g. for endothermic reaction decrease in temperature shifts reaction to the left
ORA/reaction goes in direction so as to oppose the decrease in temperature [1]
(d) C8H8O2 (1) [1]
(e) OH– (1) [1]
(f) (i) 0.0025 / 2.5 × 10-3 mol (1) [1]
(ii) 0.00125 / 1.25 × 10-3 mol (1) [1]
(iii) M(OH)2 + 2HCl → MCl2 + H2O (1) [1]
(g) calcium (hydroxide) (1) [1]
[Total: 10]

GCE Ordinary Level
5070 CHEMISTRY
A1 (a) sulfur [1]
(b) iron [1]
(c) calcium / iron / copper / zinc [1]
(d) carbon [1]
(e) barium [1]
(f) lithium / calcium / barium [1]
[Total: 6]
A2 (a) carbon dioxide being produced / greenhouse gas emissions / fossil fuels will run out / fossil
fuels non-renewable / global warming / acid rain (1) [1]
(b) C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O (1) [1]

ALLOW: correct multiples
(c) (i) Bond breaking absorbs energy and bond making releases energy / bond breaking is
endothermic and bond making is exothermic (1)
More energy is released than absorbed / less energy absorbed than released /
endothermic energy change is less than the exothermic energy change / exothermic
change greater than endothermic change (1) [2]
(ii) Product level below and to the right of the reactant level and labelled product or
(6)H2O / (6)CO2 (1)
Correct energy hump drawn and near vertical arrow labelled activation energy (or Ea)
from reactant level to energy maximum (1)
Correct labelled enthalpy change with near vertical arrow pointing downwards (1) [3]
[Total: 7]

A3 (a) Aluminium has 3 valence electrons and iodine and bromine have 7 / Al has 3 outer electrons
and iodine and bromine have 7 (1)
Aluminium loses electrons and iodine / bromine gain electron(s) (1) [2]
(b) In a solid, particles are arranged regularly and in liquid particles are irregularly arranged (1)
In solid particles are only vibrating and in liquid they are moving (or sliding over each other)
(1)
ALLOW: no movement of particles in solid and moving in liquid [2]
(c) Correct dot-and-cross diagram with one pair of bonding electrons between I and Br and six
non-bonding electrons on each atom (1) [1]
(d) Bromine (water) decolourised / bromine goes colourless bromine goes from orange to
colourless (1) [1]
(e) (i) Low density [1]
(ii) It has an oxide layer / aluminium oxide is on the surface (1)
Layer is impermeable to water / layer is impermeable to air / layer is (fairly) resistant to

acids / layer is (fairly) resistant to alkalis / layer is unreactive / layer does not flake off /
layer adheres to the surface / layer is non-porous (1) [2]
[Total: 9]
A4 (a) Fractional distillation / fractionation (1)
Boiling point (1) [2]
(b) TWO marks for any suitable equation correctly balanced showing alkene(s) as product e.g.
C16H34 → C8H18 + C8H16
C16H34 → C8H18 + 2C4H8
C16H34 → C8H18 + 4C2H4
C16H34 → C8H18 + C4H8 + 2C2H4
(Any equation showing C8H18 as product and C16H34 as reactant gains one mark.) [2]
(c) Correct section of polymer chain showing 1 or more repeating units and continuation bonds
(2 marks) e.g.
H H
| |
–C–C–
| |
H CH3
1 mark if structure correct but no continuation bonds [2]

(d) Ethene and steam / C2H4 + H2O(g) (1)
High temperature / heat and catalyst / correct named catalyst e.g. phosphoric acid / acid (1)
[2]
[Total:8]
A5 (a) Dividing % by mass by atomic mass

N = 12.0/14 H = 3.4/1 O = 41.0/16 V = 43.6 /51
or correct ratios arising from this
N = 0.857 H = 3.4 O = 2.56 V = 0.855 (1 mark)
Dividing correctly by smallest to give correct ratio:

N = 0.857 H = 3.4 O = 2.56 V = 0.855
0.855 0.855 0.855 0.855
1 4 3 1 (1 mark)
OR
H = 4 x 100 O = 48 x 100 N = 14 x 100 V = 51 x100

117 117 117 117
= 3.4% = 41% = 12% = 43.6%

(2 marks)
(IF: 2 marks not obtained, 1 mark for 4, 48, 14 and 51) [2]
(b) (Solution is) coloured / not colourless [1]
(c) NH4+ (1)
VO3– (1) [2]
(d) (X is an) oxidising agent / oxidant (1)
the oxidation number of iodine increases / iodide loses electrons / X gains electrons (1) [2]
(e) Ammonia (1)

ALLOW: NH3 [1]
[Total: 8]

A6 (a) Iron loses electrons (1) [1]
(b) Moles Fe = 0.250/ 56 OR 0.00446 mol (1)
Moles CuSO4 / Cu2+ ions / Cu

= 0.100 × 25 / 1000 OR 0.0025 mol (1)
Iron (because there are more moles) (1)

NOTE: answer dependent on a calculation showing moles of Fe and moles of CuSO4 / Cu2+
ions / Cu [3]
(c) Blue solution becomes (pale) green (1)
(Iron gets coated with) pink solid / pink solid formed (1)
ALLOW: brown solid in place of pink solid
NOTE: both solid and colour required for mark [2]
(d) There is a reaction because copper is more reactive than silver / there is a reaction because
silver is less reactive than copper
NOTE: both reaction and reason required [1]
[Total: 7]
B7 (a) Suitable method of collecting and measuring gas connected to a reaction vessel with correct
label for the measuring vessel e.g. gas syringe / upturned burette over water / upturned
measuring cylinder over water with tube connected to flask (1)
Apparatus gas tight and workable (1) [2]
(b) (i) Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl → MgCl2 + 2H2O (1)
CaCO3 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O (1) [2]
(ii) Volume of CO2 = 96 (cm3) (1)
Moles CO2 = 0.004 / 4 × 10–3 (mol) (1) [2]
(iii) Mr CaCO3 = 100 (1)
(0.004 × 100) = 0.40 (g) / 0.4 (g) (1) [2]

(c) Reaction faster because particles are closer / rate increases because the particles are more
crowded / more particles in a given volume (1)
NOTE: mark cannot be scored if there is no mention of particles / types of particles e.g. only
refer to HCl
More collisions per second / more frequent collisions / particles collide more often / more
chances of collisions (1) [2]
[Total: 10]
B8 (a) OH / hydroxy(l) (1) [1]
(b) Propanol / propan-1-ol / propan-2-ol (1) [1]
(c) (ii) CnH2n+1OH (1)

ALLOW: CnH2n+2O [1]
(ii) C10H22O (1)

ALLOW: C10H21OH [1]
(d) Melting point does not have a trend (down the series) but density does / melting point
increases then decreases but density increases (1)
NOTE: there must be reference to both density and melting point [1]
(e) Butyl ethanoate (1)
Correct structure showing all atoms and bonds (1)
H O H H H H
| ║ | | | |
H–C–C–O–C–C–C–C–H
| | | | |
H H H H H [2]
(f) Potassium dichromate(VI) / potassium dichromate / Cr2O72– (1)

ALLOW: potassium permanganate / potassium manganate(VII) / MnO4
Warm / heat / distil / boil / reflux with an acid (1)

NOTE: both acid and heat required for the mark [2]
(g) Any two of:

carbon, carbon monoxide, water [1]
[Total: 10]

B9 (a) (i) (Reaction is) slower because particles are moving slower / rate decreases because
particles have less energy (1)
There are fewer successful collisions / fewer particles have energy greater than
activation energy / less chance of successful collisions / less effective collisions / less
fruitful collisions / less energy collisions(1) [2]
(ii) (Goes to) left (1)

ALLOW: reaction goes to the left / greater concentration of reactants / lower
concentration of products / more methane and water / reactant side is favoured
(Because) the reaction is endothermic

ALLOW: the reaction shifts to the exothermic side / the reaction shifts to the side which
releases heat (1) [2]
(b) Shifts to left (1)

ALLOW: reaction goes to the left / greater concentration of reactants / lower concentration of
products / more methane and water / reactant side is favoured
(Because) there are fewer moles on reactant side / more moles on product side / fewer
moles of methane and water / more moles of hydrogen and carbon monoxide (1) [2]
(c) (i) None / does not change it / nothing / no effect (1) [1]
(ii) Lowers the activation energy (1) [1]
(d) (Moles of) CO = (560 / 28) = 20 (mol) (1)
Energy = (210 × 20) = 4200 (kJ) (1) [2]
[Total:10]
B10 (a) (i) Mg2+ and O2– (1) [1]
(ii) Stronger attraction between the ions / stronger forces between the ions / stronger ionic
bonds / higher charges / stronger electrostatic attractions / stronger electrostatic forces /
smaller ions (1)
ALLOW: its ionic bonding is stronger [1]
(b) (i) At 600 oC it is solid so ions cannot move / at 600 oC ions are in fixed position in a solid (1)
NOTE: reference needed to solid as well as lack of movement of ions
At 1000 oC it is molten/ liquid so ions can move / at 1000 oC it is molten/ liquid so ions are
mobile / At 1000 oC it is molten/ liquid because the ions are free (1)
NOTE: reference needed to temperature, liquid/ solid as well as movement of ions [2]
(ii) 2Cl – → Cl2 + 2e– / 2Cl – − 2e–→ Cl2

ALLOW: multiples and Cl– → ½ Cl2 + e– [1]

(c) (i) Ag+(aq) + Cl–(aq) → AgCl(s)

Correct formulae and balance (1)
Correct state symbols for Ag+, Cl– and AgCl
dependent on the correct formulae (1) [2]
(ii) Mr AgCl = 143.5 and Mr NaCl = 58.5 (1)
Moles AgCl = (0.232/ 143.5) = 0.00162 (1)

ALLOW: ecf from incorrect Mr
Mass of NaCl = (0.00162 × 58.5) = 0.0948 (g) (1) [3]
[Total: 10]

GCE Ordinary Level
5070 CHEMISTRY
A1 (a) Iron(II) hydroxide (1) [1]
(b) Butane (1) [1]
(c) Propene (1) [1]
(d) Calcium carbonate (1) [1]
(e) Sulfur dioxide (1) [1]
(f) Sulfuric acid / sodium chloride (1) [1]
[Total: 6]
A2 (a) Any value in range 20–22 (1) [1]
(b) 6H2O + 6CO2 C6H12O6 + 6O2 (1) [1]
(c) ANY TWO FROM

Use of enzymes (1)
Chlorophyll / presence of chloroplasts (1)
Sunlight (1) IGNORE just light / sun / sunshine
(Ideally) 20–40 oC (1) [2]
(d) (i) Bond breaking absorbs energy and bond making releases energy / bond breaking is
endothermic and bond making is exothermic (1)
More energy absorbed than released / less energy released than absorbed /
endothermic energy change is greater than exothermic energy change / exothermic
energy change is less than endothermic energy change (1) [2]
(ii) Products level above and to the right of the reactants level (1)
Correct energy hump drawn and near vertical arrow labelled activation energy (or
Ea) from reactant level to energy maximum (1)
Correct labelled enthalpy change with near vertical arrow pointing upwards (1) [3]
[Total: 9]

A3 (a) (i) 2KOH + H2SO4 K2SO4 + 2H2O (1) [1]
(ii) 24 cm3 (of potassium hydroxide neutralises acid) (1) [1]
24
(iii) Moles of KOH = × 0.150 / 0.0036 (1)
1000
0.0036
Moles of H2SO4 = / 0.0018 (1)
2
0.0018
Concentration = = 0.072 (mol dm–3) (1) [3]
0.025
(b) Use of nitric acid (1)

Add excess base to acid (and warm) (1)
Filter (to remove excess base) (1)
Evaporate to point of crystallisation / leave in warm place / heat then allow solution to
cool (1) [4]
[Total: 9]
A4 (a) 40 (1) [1]
(b) Same number of protons and electrons / because it has 12 protons and 12 electrons (1)
Protons are positive and electrons are negative / protons are +1 and electrons are –1 (1) [2]
(c) C and D [1]
(d) 2− / −2 (1) [1]
(e) F and G (1) [1]
[Total: 6]

A5 (a)
N H Cr O
Mole ratio 11.1 3.2 41.3 44.4

/ / / /
14 1 52 16
0.793 3.2 0.794 2.78
Simplified 0.793 3.2 0.794 2.78

ratio /
0.793 0.793 0.793 0.793
/ / /
3.5
1 4 1
×2 2 8 2 7
Mole ratio line (1) Simplified ratio line (1)

Idea of the × 2 (1) [3]
(b) Chromium (1) [1]
(c) X is an oxidising agent (1)
because oxidation number of iodine increases / iodide loses electrons / X gains

electrons / oxidation number of Cr decreases (1) [2]
(d) (i) NH4+ (1) [1]
(ii) Cr2O72– (1) [1]
(e) Nitrogen (1) [1]
[Total: 9]

A6 (a) (i) Correct ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram with one pair of bonding electrons between O and
Cl, four non-bonding electrons on O and six non-bonding electrons on each Cl (1) [1]
(ii) ANY TWO FROM

Simple molecular structure / small molecule (1)
Weak intermolecular forces have to be broken (1)
Little energy needed to break intermolecular force / intermolecular force is easy to

overcome (1) [2]
(b) K+ 2,8,8 (1)
O2– 2,8 (1)
Alternatively
ALLOW correct charge on ion (1) and correct electronic structure (1) [2]
(c) H2O + Cl2O7 2HClO4 (1) [1]
[Total: 6]
B7 (a) ANY TWO FROM

Dissolves (1)
Blue / green solution (1)
Fizzes / bubbles / effervescence (1) [2]
(b) CuCO3.Cu(OH)2 + 4HCl 2CuCl2 + CO2 + 3H2O (1)
Balancing (1) [2]
(c) Moles of CO2 / moles of CO32– = 0.004 (1)
Mr of CO32– = 60 (1)
Mass of CO32– = 0.24 g (1) [3]

(d) (i) CuCO3.Cu(OH)2 + C 2Cu + 2CO2 + H2O
Balancing (1) [2]
(ii) ANY ONE FROM:

less energy used (in recycling than in extracting from the ore) (1)
reduces pollution / reduces waste / reduces trash / less of an eyesore / not an

eyesore / less landfill / no landfill (1)
(less mining) saves more land for other uses / (less mining) saves land for more
agriculture (1) [1]
[Total: 10]
B8 (a) Group of substances with a general formula / formulae vary by CH2 (1)
Have similar reactions / have similar chemical properties / have the same functional
group (1) [2]
(b) Propanoic acid (1) [1]
(c) CnH2n+1CO2H / CnH2n+1COOH (1) [1]
(d) Melting point does not have a trend but boiling point does / melting point increase and
decreases but boiling point only increases (1) [1]
(e) Ethyl butanoate (1)
H H H O H H
H C C C C O C C H
H H H H H
(1)
[2]
(f) (i) C15H31COOH ⇌ C15H31COO– + H+ (1)
Only partially dissociates / forms an equilibrium mixture / does not completely ionise
(1) [2]
(ii) C15H31COONa (1) [1]
[Total: 10]

B9 (a) (i) Reaction is faster because particles are moving faster / rate increases because
particles have more energy (1)
There are more successful collisions / more particles have energy above the
activation energy / more effective collisions / more fruitful collisions / more energetic
collisions more chance of successful collisions (1) [2]
(ii) Position of equilibrium shifts to the left (1)
Because the reaction is exothermic (1) [2]
(b) (i) Reaction is slower because the particles are further apart / rate decreases because
the particles are less crowded (1)
Fewer collisions per second / particles collide less often / lower collision frequency
(1) [2]
(ii) Position of equilibrium shifts to the left (1)
More moles on the reactant side / fewer moles on the product side (1) [2]
(c) 450 kJ (1) [1]
(d) Lowers the activation energy / gives (alternative) route with lower energy (1) [1]
[Total: 10]
B10 (a) (i) Ag+ + e– Ag (1) [1]
(ii) Electrons are gained (1) [1]
(b) Temperature does not change the mass (1)
Mass is proportional to the time / doubling time doubles mass (1)
Mass is proportional to the current / doubling current doubles mass (1)
Concentration does not change the mass (1) [4]
(c) Ions cannot move in a solid / ions are in a fixed position in a solid (1)
Ions can move in a solution (1) [2]

(d) Ag+(aq) + Cl –(aq) AgCl(s)

Correct formulae and balancing (1)
Correct state symbols – dependent on correct formulae (1) [2]
[Total: 10]

GCE Ordinary Level
5070 CHEMISTRY
components.
A1 (a) (substance containing) only one type of atom / substance which cannot be broken down
to any other substance [1]
(b) (i) gallium/Ga [1]
(ii) argon/Ar [1]
(iii) bromine/Br/Br2 [1]
(iv) hydrogen/H/H2 [1]
(v) magnesium/Mg [1]
(vi) argon/Ar [1]
(c) 2,8,3 [1]
[Total: 8]
A2 (a) oxygen/air and water
ALLOW moist air/damp oxygen [1]
(b) magnesium is more reactive than iron (1)
magnesium loses electrons rather than iron/magnesium corrodes instead of iron (1) [2]
(c) mixture of metals / mixture of metal and non metal [1]
(d) the higher the pH the less the corrosion/the lower the pH the higher the corrosion (1)
between pH 5 and 8 there is no difference in corrosion rate (1)
Note: answer must make specific reference to pH rather than acid, acidic, alkali or
alkaline [2]
[Total: 6]

A3 (a) (i) C6H13OH [1]
(ii) any value between 157 and 160 (°C) (actual is 158 °C) [1]
(b) addition of steam to ethene (1)
high temperature (1)
ALLOW 200 – 400 °C
catalyst/suitable named catalyst (1)
ALLOW H3PO4/H2SO4/H+/acid [3]
(c) (i) any suitable e.g. (acidified) potassium dichromate/(acidified) potassium

manganate(VII) [1]
(ii) correct structure of propanoic acid
O
H
H C
C OH
C
H H
H
ALLOW OH rather than O—H

ALLOW condensed formulae such as CH3CH2COOH [1]
[Total: 7]

A4 (a) any two from
mineral/named soluble mineral (1)

oxygen (1)
organic matter (1)
ALLOW nitrogen/CO2 [1]
(b) (i) nitrate (1)

phosphate (1) [2]
(ii) any four from
algal bloom/excessive growth of algae (1)

algae block off sunlight (1)
plants in water die (1)
(anaerobic) bacteria multiply (1)
(anaerobic) bacteria use up oxygen (1)
most living organisms in rivers die (1) [4]
[Total: 7]

A5 (a) 4OH– → 2H2O + 4e– [1]
(b) (i) correct direction because electrons are released at the negative pole or cell
anode/there is a higher electron density on the hydrogen electrode/the reaction
at the negative pole is an oxidation reaction [1]
(ii) H2 + 2OH– → 2H2O + 2e– [1]
(c) any two from
water is the only product/water made is non-polluting (1)
ALLOW petrol engine produces carbon dioxide which causes pollution/petrol engine
produces carbon monoxide which causes pollution
produce more energy per gram of fuel (1)
ALLOW has a higher energy density
they are lighter in weight (1)
they do not need recharging (1)
they are more efficient/not so many steps in transferring energy (1)
hydrogen can be a renewable fuel (1)
ALLOW petrol is a non-renewable fuel [2]
(d) storage problems with hydrogen / hydrogen (potentially) explosive / strong tanks
needed for storage of (liquefied) gases / hydrogen and oxygen extracted using fossil
fuels [1]
[Total: 6]

A6 (a) S(l) + O2(g) → SO2(g) [1]
(b) (i) vanadium(V) oxide/vanadium pentoxide [1]
(ii) more molecules on the left/more moles of gas on the left/less volume on the right [1]
(iii) any one from
equilibrium already well to the right (1)
high yield of sulfur trioxide without increasing pressure (1)
increase in pressure would be expensive (for marginal increased yield) (1)
greater corrosion of converter vessel at higher pressure (1) [1]
(iv) reaction exothermic (1)
higher temperatures would shift reaction in favour of the reactants (1)
at lower temperatures rate of reaction is slower (1) [3]
(c) H2S2O7 + H2O → 2H2SO4 [1]
28
(d) moles NaOH = 0.1 × = 2.8 × 10–3 mol (1)
1000
moles H2SO4 = ½ value of that in first stage (1.4 × 10–3 mol)/correct use of the mole
ratio (1)
1000
concentration of H2SO4 = (1.4 × 10-3 × ) = 0.147 (mol/dm3) (1)
9.5
(mark is for correct answer) [3]
[Total: 11]

B7 (a) positive ions close to each other in a regular arrangement (1)
electrons between the positive ions randomly arranged (1) [2]
(b) (i) electrons are delocalised/electrons free to move (1)
(ii) layers slide over each other (when a force is applied) (1) [2]
(c) (i) Sn + H2O SnO + H2
the equilibrium sign must be present to gain the mark [1]
(ii) oxide which reacts with acids as bases [1]
(d) (i) Sn + 4HNO3 → SnO2 + 4NO2 + 2H2O [1]
(ii) add (concentrated aqueous) sodium hydroxide and aluminium foil (1)
ALLOW add sodium hydroxide and Devarda’s alloy
warm and test gas with red litmus paper (1)
(red) litmus turns blue/ammonia produced (1)
ALLOW the brown-ring test [3]
[Total: 10]

B8 (a) any three from
idea that fractions separate because they have different boiling points (1)
temperature higher at bottom of column than at top (1)
molecules move up column so heavier ones at the bottom/lighter ones at top / larger
ones at bottom/smaller ones at top (1)
larger molecules have higher boiling points / smaller molecules have lower boiling
points (1)
molecules condense when temperature in column falls below boiling point (1) [3]
(b) (i) any two from
group of similar organic compounds with
same functional group (1)
same general formula (1)
ALLOW each member varies by a CH2 group
similar chemical properties (1)
ALLOW same chemical properties
trend in physical properties (1) [2]
(ii) correct displayed formula for butane (1)
correct displayed formula for methylpropane (1)
H H H
H C C C H
H H H H H H
H C C C C H H C H
H H H H H
DO NOT ALLOW condensed structural formulae [2]
(c) C6H14 + 9½O2 → 6CO2 + 7H2O
ALLOW correct multiples of this equation [1]

(d) (i) to produce more petrol/because the demand for petrol is greater than the supply
ALLOW short chained alkanes are in higher demand

ALLOW alkenes can be used to make polymers [1]
(ii) bromine water goes colourless with alkene/aqueous bromine decolourised with
alkene [1]
[Total: 10]
B9 (a) mass of an atom compared to one atom of carbon-12 [1]
36
(b) moles hydrogen = = 1.5 × 10–3 mol (1)
24000
moles magnesium = 1.5 × 10–3 mol (1)
0.036 × 1
atomic mass of Mg = (1)
1.5 × 10 −3
no marks for answer alone without working [3]
(c) (i) 24 g Mg → 40 g MgO
12 kg Mg → 20 kg MgO (1)
for 75% yield = 15 kg (1)
ALLOW ECF from one incorrect atomic mass [2]
(ii) Mg3N2 [1]
(d) (i) Mg2S + 2H2O → SiH4 + 2MgO [1]
(ii) correct dots and cross diagram similar to that of methane [1]
(iii) SiH4 + 2O2 → SiO2 + 2H2O [1]
[Total: 10]

B10 (a) any three from
to remove impurities in the ore as slag (1)
calcium carbonate decomposes to calcium oxide/CaCO3 → CaO + CO2 (1)
calcium oxide reacts with silicon dioxide/CaO + SiO2 → CaSiO3 (1)
slag is calcium silicate/slag is CaSiO3 (1) [3]
(b) (i) barium carbonate [1]
(ii) the more reactive the metal the more stable the carbonate [1]
(c) (i) suitable apparatus e.g. gas syringe/upturned measuring cylinder (1)
closed system – essentially does the method work (1) [2]
(ii) increasing pressure decreases the volume and increasing temperature increases
the volume (1)
(increasing pressure) pushes molecules closer together so more collisions with walls
of container (1)
(increasing temperature) makes molecules move faster/molecules have more

energy (1) [3]
[Total: 10]

GCE Ordinary Level
5070 CHEMISTRY
components.
A1 (a) (substance containing) two or more elements bonded / joined [1]
(b) (i) carbon dioxide / CO2 [1]
(ii) zinc oxide / ZnO [1]
(iii) calcium carbonate / CaCO3 [1]
(iv) carbon dioxide / CO2 [1]
(v) methane / CH4 [1]
(vi) carbon monoxide / CO [1]
(c) one pair of electrons between each H and O; (1)
rest of structure is correct; (1) [2]
[Total: 9]
A2 (a) (i) lead < iron < zinc < magnesium [1]
(ii) Fe2O3 + 3Zn → 3ZnO + 2Fe [1]
(b) (i) (forms an) oxide layer / has a coat of oxide; (1)
which is strongly fixed to the surface / which is not easily removed / which is
unreactive; (1) [2]
(ii) low density [1]
(iii) protons = 13 and neutrons = 14 [1]
[Total: 6]

A3 NOTE: for parts A3a(i) and A3a(ii) answers must be comparative
(a) (i) speed increases with increase in bromine concentration (no mark alone)
because
(bromine) molecules closer together / more (bromine) molecules (in a given
volume) / more (bromine) particles (in a given volume) / more crowded
molecules; (1)
therefore frequency of collisions greater /more particles collide per second /

greater chance of collisions / collide more often; (1) [2]
(ii) increasing temperature increases rate (no mark alone)

because
particles move more rapidly / particles have more energy ; (1)
therefore more energetic collisions / more effective collisions / more successful

collisions / more vigorous collisions; (1)
NOTE: more particles have energy greater than activation energy = 2 marks [2]
(iii) measure colour of the solution / bromine (over time) / use a colorimeter /
measure absorbance / measure how much light goes through the solution /
measure (electrical) conductivity [1]
(b) (i) Fe → Fe2+ + 2e– (1)
Br2 + 2e– → 2Br – (1) [2]
(ii) reactants on the left and products on the right and reactant level above product
level; (1)
∆H correctly labelled with arrow going downwards; (1)
activation energy correctly labelled with arrow / line going upwards or double-
headed arrow; (1) [3]
[Total: 10]

A4 (a) carbon dioxide and water (required); (1)
(in presence of) sunlight / chlorophyll; (1)
to form glucose / C6H12O6 / sugars / carbohydrate; (1) [3]
(b) (i) calcium ethanoate [1]
(ii) boiling point [1]
(iii) C = 54.5/12 H = 9.1/1 O = 36.4/ 16

or
4.54 9.1 2.275 / 2.28 (1)
ratio = 2 4 1 (1) [2]
(c) (i) formula completed correctly e.g. – OCH2CH3 [1]
(ii) solvent / flavouring / perfumes / making polyesters / making terylene /

plasticisers / making fuels (transesterification) / nail varnish remover [1]
[Total: 9]

A5 (a) (i) evaporates easily / easily form a gas [1]
(ii) by heating / high temperature [1]
(iii) impurities remain as solids / impurities do not evaporate / only the nickel
carbonyl evaporates / nickel reacts and leaves impurities behind [1]
(b) 4 [1]
(c) two electrodes dipping into liquid and power pack or battery; (1)
(pure) nickel and impure nickel electrodes labelled; (1)
impure nickel is the anode / + electrode and pure nickel is the cathode / - electrode; (1)
electrolyte labelled as nickel salt / named nickel salt / aqueous nickel compound; (1) [4]
(d) any three from:

conducts heat / conducts electricity (1)
malleable / can be hammered into shape / can be bent into shapes (1)
ductile / can be stretched (1)
shiny / lustrous (1) IGNORE: silvery [3]
[Total: 11]

B6 (a) (i) chlorine gains electrons, so is reduction; (1)
bromide loses electrons, so is oxidation; (1) [2]

(ii) use of universal indicator / pH paper and comparison with colour chart / use of
pH meter / use of pH electrode [1]
(iii) iodine is less reactive (than bromine) ORA iodine is lower in the reactivity series
(than bromine) [1]
(b) C and D because they have low boiling points/

C and D because they do not conduct (when molten) [1]
(c) Cl2 + 2NaOH → NaClO + NaCl + H2O [1]
(d) (i) 0.05 (mol dm–3) [1]
(ii) mol thiosulfate = 0.05 x 23.6/1000 / 1.18 x 10–3 (mol); (1)
mol iodine = 5.9 x 10–4 (mol) ; (1)
concentration of iodine = (5.9 x 10–4 x 1000 / 12.5) = 0.0472 (mol dm–3) (1)
(mark is for correct answer) [3]
[Total: 10]

B7 (a) (i) (both have) tetrahedral arrangement of atoms / (both have) hexagonal
arrangement of atoms; (1)
(both are) giant structures / giant molecular (structures) / macromolecules /

covalent lattices; (1) [2]
(ii) many (covalent) bonds / giant structure / macromolecule / all atoms joined
together / network of bonds / lattice; (1)
takes a lot of energy to break bonds / hard to break bonds / high temperature
needed to break bonds / bonds are strong; (1) [2]
(iii) no free electrons / no delocalised electrons / no sea of electrons / all electrons

in covalent bonds / electrons can’t move / electrons in fixed positions; [1]
(b) (i) idea of random movement of molecules or particles / movement of molecules or

particles in any direction;
NOTE: answer must refer to particles, of any kind [1]
(ii) they have different masses / they have different sizes / hydrogen (ion) is lighter /
hydrogen (ion) is smaller [1]
(c) 8 valency electrons in both sodium and oxide ions; (1)
charges correct Na+ and O2– ; (1)
2 sodium ions and 1 oxide ion / Na2O / ratio of 2 Na to 1 O from diagram of covalent
structure; (1) [3]

B8 (a) improve (crop) growth / improve (crop) yield / increase crop (growth) / increase crop
(yield) / bigger crop (growth) / better crop (yield) [1]
(b) so that the roots can absorb them / so the plant can absorb them [1]
(c) (i) 2N = 28; (1)
RFM of ammonium nitrate = 80; (1)
% by mass = 35%; (1) [3]
(c) (ii) add sulfuric acid (to aqueous ammonia); (1)
titration; (1)
use of indicator then repeat without indicator; (1)
heat (solution obtained) to crystallisation point / evaporate some of the water

(from the solution) / heat (solution) then leave (solution) to cool / leave (solution)
to crystallise / solution concentrated by heating (1) [4]
(d) 3- [1]
[Total: 10]

B9 (a) (i) sulfur dioxide / hydrogen peroxide [1]
(ii) kills bacteria [1]
(b) (i) correct structure with

two or more units and single bonds between carbon atoms; (1)
continuation bonds present; (1) [2]
(ii) bromine water / (aqueous) bromine / bromine; (1)
turns colourless / decolourised; (1) [2]
(c) (i) correct formula for ethanoate ion showing all atoms and bonds including
negative charge on the single bonded oxygen
H O
l ll
H–C–C–O–
l
H
[1]
(ii) CH3COOH + OH– → CH3COO– + H2O [1]
(d) (i) (hydroxide reacts with ammonium salts) to form ammonia [1]
(ii) OH– + NH4+ → NH3 + H2O [1]
[Total: 10]

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS
GCE Ordinary Level
MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2012 question paper

for the guidance of teachers
5070 CHEMISTRY
Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the report on the
examination.
• Cambridge will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes.
Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2012 question papers for most IGCSE,
GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level
syllabuses.
Page 2 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper
A1 (a) Ammonia (1) [1]
(b) Propene / sulfur dioxide (1) [1]
(c) Oxygen (1) [1]
(d) Neon (1) [1]
(e) Nitrogen / sulfur dioxide (1) [1]
(f) Chlorine (1) [1]
(g) Nitrogen / carbon monoxide (1) [1]
[Total: 7]
A2 (a) (i) SO2 (1) [1]
(ii) Mole ratio sulfur : oxygen is 1.25 : 3.75 (1)

Empirical formula is SO3 (1) [2]
(iii) Water / steam (1) [1]
(iv) Iron(III) / Fe3+ (1) [1]
(b) (i) Iron(II) hydroxide [1]
(ii) Fe2+(aq) + 2OH–(aq) Fe(OH)2(s)

Balanced equation (1)
[Total: 8]
A3 (a) No free electrons / no delocalised electrons / no sea of electrons / all electrons are in
covalent bonds / electrons cannot move (1) [1]
(b) Molecules gain (kinetic) energy (1)

Allow particles move faster
Not atoms gain energy
Overcome intermolecular forces / break attraction between molecules (1)
Ignore weak forces between particles
Not break covalent bonds [2]
© University of Cambridge International Examinations 2012

(c) Correct structure – ignore inner shells (1)

XX XX
X X X
X I X I X
XX XX
Allow all crosses or all dots [1]
(d) (i) At– (1) [1]
(ii) element colour state

Cl2 gas
Br2 orange liquid
I2 grey / black
Correct states (1)

Correct colour (1)
Allow red / brown for bromine [2]
(iii) Black solid / dark grey solid (1) [1]
(e) (i) (colourless to) yellow solution / straw solution / brown solution / dark grey solid (1) [1]
(ii) Cl2 + 2I– I2 + 2Cl –

Ignore state symbols [1]
(f) Astatine is less reactive than iodine / astatine is less oxidising that iodine / iodide is a better
reducing agent than astatide (1)
Ignore reference to reactivity series [1]
[Total: 11]
A4 (a) (i) ion electron protons neutrons

configuration
24
12
Mg 2+ 2.8 12 12
16
8
O 2− 2.8 8 8
Electron configurations (1)

Numbers of protons (1)
Numbers of neutrons (1) [3]
(ii) Magnesium loses two electrons and oxygen gains two electrons / two electrons
transferred from magnesium to oxygen (1) [1]

(b) Many (electrostatic) attractions between ions / many (ionic) bonds / giant structure (1)
Not intermolecular forces
Not covalent bonds for the first mark
large amount of energy to separate the ions / needs lots of energy to break the (ionic) bonds /
hard to break (ionic) bonds / high temperature needed to break (ionic) bonds / lots of energy to
break the ionic lattice / bonds are strong (1)
Ignore large amount of energy to break forces
Allow strong forces of attraction between ions [2]
(c) Use of any aqueous sulfate including dilute sulfuric acid (1)
Filter reaction mixture (1)
Wash residue with water (1)
Air dry residue / put residue into oven (1)
Allow leave the residue to dry [4]
[Total: 10]
A5 (a) Copper, nickel, iron and magnesium (1) [1]
(b) Any two from:

Pink solid (1)
(Blue solution) becomes colourless / becomes pale green (1)
Allow the blue colour becomes paler
temperature increases (1) [2]
(c) (i) Exothermic (1) [1]
(ii) 3Cu2+ + 2Al 2Al 3+ + 3Cu

(d) (Surface) layer of aluminium oxide (1)

Which does not flake off / acts as a protective barrier / which is impermeable to water / does
not allow water or air to reach surface of aluminium (1) [2]
(e) Moles of Mo = 10417 (1)

Mass of Al = 562500 g / 0.5625 tonnes (1)
Allow answer to 2 sig figs up to calculator value [2]
[Total: 9]
B6 (a) NaCl / Na2SO4 / KCl / K2SO4 / CaCl2 / CaSO4 / MgCl2 / MgSO4 (1)
Allow NaHCO3 / KHCO3 / Ca(HCO3)2 / Mg(HCO3)2 [1]
(b) 0.0276 (1) [1]

(c) Moles of Cl – in 1 dm3 = 0.535 / mass in 25 cm3 = 0.475 g (1)

Moles in 25 cm3 = 0.0134 (1)
Mass of AgCl = 1.92 g (1) [3]
(d) Desalination / reverse osmosis (1)

Allow distillation [1]
(e) (i) OH– (aq) (1)

pH = 7.9 indicates alkaline / pH above 7 is alkaline / this ion is present in all alkaline
solutions (1)
Allow seawater is alkaline / seawater has a pH above 7 [2]
(ii) Add universal indicator / pH (indicator) paper (1)

Allow use of pH indicator
Idea of matching colour against a pH chart / idea that the colour indicates the pH (1) [2]
[Total: 10]
B7 (a) Any two from

Same general formula / members vary by a CH2 group (1)
Same functional group / similar chemical properties (1)
Not a group of elements
Allow have same reactions
gradation of physical properties (1) [1]
(b) Butanoic acid (1)

Allow methylpropanoic acid [1]
(c)
H H
O
H C C C
O H
H H
(1)
Allow OH in the structure [1]
(d) C7H14O2 (1)

Allow C6H13COOH [1]
(e) Boiling points all increase / boiling points shows a trend

And
melting point increase and decreases / melting point is irregular down the series / melting
point does not show a trend / melting points fluctuate (1) [1]

(f) Any two from

strong acid fully dissociates and weak acid partially dissociates (1)
HCl H+ + Cl – (1)
CH3COOH ⇌ H+ + CH3COO– (1)
Ignore state symbols
Ignore incorrect equations [2]
(g) CaCO3(s) + 2CH3COOH(aq) Ca(CH3COO)2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

Correct equation (1)
Correct state symbols – dependent on formula (1) [2]
[Total: 10]
B8 (a) (i) 10 (1) [1]
(b) In solid ions cannot move / no free ions (1)

Ignore electrons cannot move
Not electrons can move
In solution ions can move / free ions (1)
Allow particles can move in solution but not in a solid [2]
(c) anode equation involves oxidation since electrons are lost / hydroxide ion is oxidised because
it loses electrons / oxygen is oxidised because its oxidation increases (1)
Note Must be a clear link between the equation, gain and loss of electrons and oxidation and
reduction.
Ignore wrong oxidation numbers
cathode equation involves reduction since electrons are gained / water is reduced because it
gains electrons / hydrogen is reduced because its oxidation number reduces (1) [2]
(d) (i) Bond breaking takes in energy and bond forming releases energy (1)
Allow bond forming is exothermic and bond breaking is endothermic
less energy is released than taken in (1) [2]
(ii) Moles of oxygen = 104.2 (1)
Moles of water = 208.3 (1)
Mass of water = 3750 g (1) [3]
[Total: 10]
B9 (a) Position of equilibrium moves to the right / shifts forward / shifts towards the products / forward
reaction favoured (1)
because the (forward) reaction is endothermic (1) [2]

(b) Speed increases

because particles are more crowded / more concentrated (particles) / more particles per unit
volume / particles are closer together (1)
more collisions per second / more chance of collision / more frequent collisions (1) [2]
(c) Any two from:

Increases rate of reaction (1)
Allow reduces the reaction time
Allows reaction to take place at a lower temperature / saves energy (1)
Allow reduces the activation energy
so saves energy resources (1) [2]
(d) Moles of hydrogen = 50 0000 (1)

Energy = 35 000 000 kJ (1) [2]
(e) unsaturated fat (1)

High pressure / nickel catalyst (1)
Allow unsaturated oil / fats with a carbon-carbon double bond [2]
[Total: 10]

GCE Ordinary Level

5070 CHEMISTRY
examination.
syllabuses.
17
A1 (a) 8O [1]
(b) 39
19 K+ / 24
12 Mg2+ [1]
14
(c) 6C [1]
14 16 2–
(d) 6C / 8O [1]
20
(e) 10 Ne [1]
40
(f) 20 Ca [1]
[Total: 6]
A2 (a) (i) Zinc hydroxide / Zn(OH)2 [1]
(ii) Zn2+(aq) + 2OH–(aq) Zn(OH)2(s) (1)

Correct balanced equation (1)
(b) X – zinc / Zn (1)

Y – zinc nitrate / Zn(NO3)2 (1) [2]
(c) (i) mass of sample = 4.21 g (1)

Mr = 46 (1) [2]
(ii) Mole ratio nitrogen oxygen = 0.0914 : 0.183 (1)

NO2 (1) [2]
[Total: 9]
A3 (a) Any two from

• Saves (finite) resources / need to extract metals decrease
• Saves energy / less energy to recycle (than to extract from ore);
• Reduces disposal problems / less landfill
• Reduces mining / less scarring of landscape (due to mining)
• less litter
• fewer toxic gases / fewer harmful gases [2]
Allow: deforestation / less (heavy) metal pollution / less dumped

(b)
H C2H5 H C2H5
C C C C
H H H H
Correct structure (2 marks) [2]

Allow: single repeating unit with continuation bonds with brackets and n
Allow: multiple units e.g. 4 or 6
(c) Any two from

• Causes litter / unsightly ;
• Fills up land-fill sites / need land-fill sites
• Incineration produces toxic gases / burning makes carbon monoxide / burning makes
(more) carbon dioxide / incineration (of polymer) increases global warming;
• Wastes a finite resource / waste fossil fuels;
• Blocks drains / blocks water flow / harms fishes / sea animals e.g. turtles choke on it [2]
Allow: incineration produces harmful gases
(d) (i) Condensation [1]
(ii) Correct amide linkage [1]

O H
║ |
Allow: ─ C – N – between each box
(iii) Fats / lipids: [1]

Allow: oils
(e) (i) SiO2 [1]
(ii) Many (covalent) bonds / (covalent) giant structure / macromolecule / all atoms joined
together (1)
Takes a lot of energy to break bonds / hard to break bonds / high temperature needed to
break bonds / bonds are strong (1) [2]
(iii) No free electrons / no delocalised electrons / no sea of electrons / all electrons in

covalent bonds / electrons cannot move [1]
[Total: 13]
4 (a) (i) N2 + O2 2NO [1]
(ii) 2NO + O2 2NO2 (1) [1]
(b) 2NO2 + H2O HNO3 + HNO2 [1]

(c) (i) Carbon dioxide / CO2 (1) [1]
(ii) Calcium nitrate (1) Ca(NO3)2 (1) [2]

Allow: Calcium nitrite / Calcium nitrate(III) (1) Ca(NO2)2 (1)
(d) Any two from

• Seawater is cheap(er):
• Seawater removes more of the pollutant gases / seawater more effective at removing
pollutant gases
• Seawater does not involve landscape destruction / no mining involved
• doesn’t produce carbon dioxide / doesn’t increase global warming
• seawater is readily available / seawater is abundant [2]
(e)
X X
O C O
X X
[1]
[Total: 9]
A5 (a) 1.2 [1]
(b) 2KOH + H2SO4 K2SO4 + 2H2O [1]

Allow: KOH + H2SO4 KHSO4 + H2O
(c) (i) 30.0 cm3 / 30 cm3 [1]
(ii) Moles of acid = 0.00125 (1)

Moles of KOH = 0.00250 (1)
[KOH] = 0.0833 / 0.083 / 0.08 (1)
Allow ecf from wrong moles of KOH and/or wrong volume of KOH from part (c)(i) [3]
(d) Any one difference (1)

Correct explanation of that difference (1) e.g.
Graph will start above pH 1.2 / higher starting pH (1)
because ethanoic acid is a weak acid (1)
OR
Neutralisation volume will be 15.0 cm3 (1) because ethanoic acid reacts in a 1:1 mole ratio (1)
OR
Vertical section of graph will be a smaller (1) because ethanoic acid is a weak acid (1) [2]
[Total: 8]

B6 (a) (Reaction that) releases heat / (reaction that) releases energy [1]
Allow: energy given out is greater than energy absorbed / reaction mixture gets hot
(b) Bond breaking takes in energy and bond forming releases energy (1)
More energy is released than taken in (1) [2]

Allow: bond breaking is endothermic and bond making is exothermic / enthalpy change is
negative
(c) Implication that volumes of gases are proportional to the number of moles
OR
(Moles of hydrogen = 83.3) moles of oxygen = 41.7 / 41.65 (1)
Volume of oxygen = 1000 dm3 (1) [2]
(d) First equation involves reduction since electrons are gained / oxygen is reduced because it
gains electrons / oxygen is reduced because its oxidation number decreases (1)
Second equation involves oxidation since electrons are lost / hydrogen is oxidised because it
loses electrons / hydrogen is oxidised because its oxidation number increases (1) [2]
(e) Water / hydrocarbons (1)

Allow: ethane / propane / alkanes / methane + steam / naphtha [1]
Allow: cracking
(f) Advantage – directly converts chemical energy into electrical energy / more energy efficient /
makes no pollutants / doesn’t release harmful gases / uses a renewable resource (1)
Disadvantage – storage problems associated with hydrogen or oxygen / hydrogen explosive /

pressurised tanks needed / pollution problems on disposal of fuel cell / pollution problems
while manufacturing fuel cells (1) [2]
[Total: 10]
B7 (a) 0.71 g
Allow: 0.709 / 0.704 g [1]
(b) Copper (carbonate) [1]
(c) Used different amounts in moles [1]

Allow: different atomic masses of the metal / different molecular masses of compound / % of
carbon in each compound is different
(d) (i) calcium ions with Ca2+ and 2.8.8 as drawn or as numbers (1)
oxide ion with O2– and 2.8 as drawn or as numbers (1) [2]

(ii) Reacts with sand to make slag / reacts with silicon dioxide to make calcium silicate /
removes silicon dioxide as slag (1) [1]
(e) (i) CO 32− + H+ HCO3–

OR
CO 32− + 2H+ CO2 + H2O (1) [1]
(ii) Add excess copper(II) carbonate to hydrochloric acid (1)

Filter (1)
Evaporate the filtrate partially / evaporate to crystallisation point (1)
Allow: leave to crystallise [3]
[Total: 10]
B8 (a) Correct structure showing all atoms and bonds (1)

Contains a (carbon-carbon) double bond (1)
Has carbon and hydrogen only (1) [3]
(b) Isomer (1) [1]
(c) C10H20 (1) [1]
(d) Melting point decreases and increases / melting point is irregular down the series
AND
boiling point increases all the time / boiling point increases regularly / shows a trend [1]
(e) Gas because boiling point is lower than room temperature / boiling point is – 6 oC [1]
(f) C16H34 3C4H8 + C4H10 (1) [1]
(g) (i) C4H8Br2 (1) [1]
(ii) Butan-1-ol / butan-2-ol / butanol [1]
[Total: 10]
B9 (a) Reaction is faster because particles are moving faster / particles have more energy (1)
more energetic collisions / more effective collisions / more particles have energy above that
of the activation energy / more successful collisions (1) [2]

(b) Position of equilibrium shifts to the left / shift backwards / shifts towards the reactants / back
reaction favoured (1)
More moles (of gas) on the left hand side / 4 moles on the left and 2 on the right / greater
volume (of gas) on left / more molecules on left (1) [2]
(c) Moles of hydrogen = 250 000 (1)

Energy released = 4 083 333 kJ (1) [2]
(d) 2CH3OH + 3O2 2CO2 + 4H2O [1]
(e) (i) potassium dichromate / potassium manganate(VII) / potassium permanganate /

potassium manganate (1)
heat / warm / boil / reflux (1) [2]
(ii) HCO2H (1)

Allow: HCOOH / displayed formula [1]
[Total: 10]

GCE Ordinary Level
MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2011 question paper

5070 CHEMISTRY
examination.
Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2011 question papers for most
IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level
syllabuses.
A1 (a) zinc
ALLOW: vanadium [1]
(b) nickel [1]
(c) chlorine [1]
(d) chlorine [1]
(e) hydrogen [1]
(f) zinc [1]
[Total: 6]
A2 (a) (i) 20% [1]
(ii) lower temperature of (purified) air so below boiling points of gases/liquefy air/air
compressed and expanded so cools to liquid; [1]
idea of distillation/temperature raised gradually oxygen remains liquid whilst nitrogen (or
other gases) distil off; [1]
ACCEPT: ideas about separation according to boiling points
ACCEPT: ideas about heavier molecules having higher boiling points
(b) welding/joining metals; [1]
(c) correct dot and cross diagram for acetylene; [1]
(d) charges correct either on diagram or written as Mg2+ and O2– [1]
correct electronic structures for both (2,8); [1]
(e) (i) 3O2 → 2O3; [1]

(ignore + uv)
(ii) absorbs ultraviolet radiation which is harmful/absorbs uv which causes skin cancer; [1]
ALLOW: blocks uv which is harmful
[Total: 9]

A3 (a) substance containing only carbon and hydrogen; [1]
(b) C7H16 [1]
(c) isomers; [1]
(d) 45 cm3 [1]

25 cm3 [1]
(e) carbon monoxide formed; [1]

which is poisonous/toxic/kills you; [1]
[Total: 7]
A4 (a) (i) reactants on left and products on right and reactants above products; [1]
enthalpy change shown correctly; [1]
activation energy shown correctly; [1]
(ii) limewater; [1]

turns milky/cloudy/white precipitate; [1]
(b) (i) any 3 of: [3]

sulfur burns to form sulfur dioxide/correct equation;
sulfur dioxide dissolves in rainwater/correct equation;
further oxidation to sulfur trioxide in the atmosphere/correct equation; sulfur dioxide/
trioxide is an acidic oxide;
(ii) breathing difficulties/lung or throat irritant; [1]
(c) (i) lightning/high voltage/electric spark; [1]
(ii) 2HNO3 + CaCO3 → Ca(NO3)2 + CO2 + H2O [2]

1 mark for balance
[Total: 12]

A5 (a) atoms of same element/with same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons/
atoms with the same proton (atomic) number but different nucleon number; [1]
(b) electrons = 35 and protons = 35; [1]

neutrons = 46; [1]
(c) (i) molecules very close together; [1]

molecules random/irregularly arranged; [1]
(ii) any 3 of: [3]

faster moving/more energetic molecules escape from liquid/
diffusion/
random movement of molecules/
molecules get mixed up with molecules in the air/
molecules of bromine collide with molecules in the air
(d) (i) Br2 + F2 → 2BrF [1]
(ii) correct molar masses for Br and BrF5 (80 and 175); [1]
100 × 80/175 = 45.7/46% [1]
[Total: 11]
B6 (a) (i) N2 + 3H2 2NH3 [1]
(ii) iron catalyst; [1]

temperature 450°C (allow between 420 and 450); [1]
pressure of 200 atmospheres (allow between 150 and 500 atmospheres [1]
(b) to increase crop yield/make plants grow better/replace N (or K or P) lost from soil; [1]
(c) calcium hydroxide reacts with ammonium salts to form ammonia; [1]
ammonia is a gas/gas escapes from the soil; [1]
(d) (i) fertilisers dissolve in the (ground)water; [1]

idea of leaching/movement of dissolved salts through soil to lakes; [1]
(ii) eutrophication; [1]
[Total: 10]

B7 (a) strong acid is completely ionised in water/solution and weak acid is only partially ionised/
strong acid is completely dissociated weak acid is partly dissociated/no (or few) molecules in
strong acid but weak acid is largely molecules; [1]
(b) strong acid has better conductivity BECAUSE strong acid has greater concentration of
hydrogen ions/weak acid has lower conductivity
BECAUSE has lower concentration of hydrogen ions [1]
(c) (i) hydrogen ions are positive so move to negative electrode/hydrogen ions gain
electrons at cathode; [1]
(ii) 4OH– → O2 + 2H2O + 4e– [2]

1 mark for correct reactants and products (including electron)
1 mark for balance
(d) (i) gas syringe attached to flask/flask with cotton wool in mouth on top pan balance; [1]
measure volume of gas/mass of flask and contents over time; [1]
rate = change in volume of gas/time or change in mass/ time; [1]
(ii) 3g Mg = 3/24 = 0.125 mol; [1]

volume = 1000 × 0.125/2.5 = 50 cm3/0.05 dm3 (unit needed) [1]
[Total: 10]
B8 (a) (i) ALLOW: 175–191 (actual = 187°C) [1]
(ii) correct structure of butanoic acid showing all atoms and bonds; [1]
(iii) 2CH3CO2H + 2Na → 2CH3CO2Na + H2 [1]
(b) (i) ethyl ethanoate [1]
(ii) correct structure of ethenyl ethanoate i.e. CH2=CHO2CCH3 [1]
(c) (i) divide by atomic masses: C = 55.8/12 H = 7/1 O = 37.2/16

C = 4.65 H=7 O = 2.325 [1]
divide by smallest number: C = 4.65/2.325 = 2
H = 7/2.325 = 3
O=1
Correct formula C2H3O [1]
(ii) C4H6O2 [1]

ALLOW: ecf from part (i) if 1 or 2 carbon atoms but H and/or O incorrect.
(iii) aqueous bromine/(acidified) potassium(VII) manganate; [1]

goes colourless [1]
[Total: 10]

B9 (a) (i) Ba(s) + 2H2O(l) → Ba(OH)2(aq) + H2(g) [3]

1 mark for formulae
1 mark for balance
1 mark for state symbols
(ii) H+ + OH– → H2O [1]
(b) valence electrons in metallic structure are free to move [1]
(c) aluminium removes oxygen from barium oxide/oxidation number of decreases/oxidation

number of aluminium increases [1]
(d) add named soluble sulfate/sulfuric acid; [1]

filter off ppt [1]
wash ppt with water; [1]
dry ppt in oven/leave ppt to dry/dry ppt in dessicator [1]
[Total: 10]

GCE Ordinary Level

5070 CHEMISTRY
examination.
Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2011 question papers for most
IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level
syllabuses.
Section A
A1 (a) sulfur dioxide (1) [1]
(b) potassium manganate(VII) (1) [1]
(c) silver nitrate (1) [1]
(d) nitrogen dioxide (1) [1]
(e) Methane (1) [1]
[Total: 5]
A2 (a) C2H4O (1) [1]
(b) structure shown or written as 2,8,2 (1) [1]
(c) (i) any two of:

floats/moves over surface (1)
bubbles/effervescence (1)
goes into a ball/melts (1)
gets smaller/eventually forms a colourless solution (1)
yellow/orange flame (1)
IGNORE dissolves [2]
(ii) 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)

balancing (dependent on correct formulae) (1)
correct state symbols (dependent on correct products and reactants) (1)
(d) (i) iron has higher melting point/sodium has lower melting point/iron has high melting
point and sodium low (1) [1]
(ii) iron has higher density/sodium has lower density/iron has high density and sodium
low (1) [1]
[Total: 9]

A3 (a) (i) losing electrons (to from iodine)/oxidation number goes from –1 to 0/increasing
their oxidation number/removing oxygen from hydrogen peroxide (1)
ALLOW incorrect decreases or increases in oxidation number providing the change
is the correct direction
ALLOW H2O2 is reduced/H2O2 gains electrons
IGNORE statements repeating what is in the equation e.g. iodide ions goes to
iodine [1]
(ii) colourless to brown (1)

ALLOW yellow/orange-brown/straw coloured [1]
(b) potassium iodide: increase in concentration increases rate (1)

sulfuric acid: no effect (1) [2]
(c) any two of:

particles moving slower at lower temperature or have less energy/ORA (1)
collisions less effective at lower temperature/collisions less successful at lower
temperature/ORA (1)
collisions less frequent at lower temperature/ORA (1)
fewer particles have energy greater than activation energy (1) [2]
(d) protons = 53
electrons = 54
neutrons = 74
all 3 correct (2)

1 or 2 correct (1) [2]
[Total: 8]

A4 (a) (i) chromatography paper dipping in labelled solvent (1)

ALLOW named solvents e.g. propanone/alcohol/water
origin line marked above the solvent level (1)
pigment spot on origin line at start and then separates into more than one
(coloured) spots (1)
All marks can be obtained by writing or from a diagram [3]
(ii) run chromatogram with known sample and the brown solution/mixture (1)
if chlorophyll present it will go up the paper same distance as the known sample/
has same Rf value (1) [2]
(b) (i) carbon dioxide (+ water →) glucose (+ oxygen) (1) [1]
(ii) 2H2O – 2e– → 2H+ + O2/2H2O → 2H+ + O2 + 2e–

correct formulae (including electron) (1)
balancing (1) [2]
(c) (i) contains (C=C) double bonds/can add more hydrogen (1) [1]
(ii) bromine decolourises/goes colourless (1)

IGNORE: goes clear/colour fades/discolourises [1]
(d) (i) CnH2n (1) [1]
(ii) full structure of but-1-ene or but-2-ene drawn (1)

Must show all the atoms and all the bonds
ALLOW structure of 2 -methylpropene [1]
(iii) add steam/water above 100°C (1)

ALLOW hydrated above 100°C
NOT reference to hydrolysis
catalyst/phosphoric acid (1)

ALLOW H3PO4/H2SO4/H+ [2]
[Total: 14]

A5 (a) (i) Positive ions in regular layers (1) positive ions can be shown as circles with + or
labelled as ions NOT atoms
electrons shown interspersed between the ions (1) electrons can be shown in
diagram as e–/e or – or dots labelled electron [2]
positive ion
electron
(ii) malleable: idea of layers sliding when force applied (1)

conducts: electrons can move/the sea of electrons/the delocalised electrons/free
electrons (1) [2]
(b) no free electrons/no mobile electrons/all electrons involved in bonding/no delocalised

electrons/no sea of electrons (1)
strong bonding throughout the whole structure/covalent bonding throughout the whole
structure/idea of many strong bonds (1)
NOT ionic bonds [2]
(c) PdCl2 (1) [1]
(d) in solid ions not free to move (1)

when molten ions free to move (1)
ALLOW ions only free to move when molten (2) [2]
[Total: 9]

Section B
B6 (a) do titration with (indicator) to find end point/do titration (with indicator) to find volume of
acid or alkali needed to neutralise (1)
titrate again without indicator using same volume as before (1)
evaporate solution to crystallisation point/leave to form crystals (1)
filter off crystals/pick out crystals and dry with filter paper (1) [4]
25
(b) moles NaOH = 1.6 × /0.04 mol (1)
1000
0.04
moles hydrates sodium sulfate = /0.02 (1)
2
molar mass of sodium sulfate calculated = 322 (1)
mass sodium sulfate = 0.02 × 322 = 6.44g (1) [4]
(c) Anhydrous copper sulfate/white copper sulfate (1)

turns (from white) to blue (1)
OR
Anhydrous cobalt chloride/blue cobalt chloride (1)
turns (from blue) to pink (1) [2]
[Total: 10]

B7 (a) alcohol and carboxylic acid (1) [1]
(b) products: HOCH2COONa + CO2 + H2O (1)

balancing 2HOCH2COOH and 2HOCH2COONa (1) [2]
(c) oxygen has been removed from oxalic acid/hydrogen has been added to oxalic acid (1)
ALLOW oxidation number of carbon decreases [1]
(d) (i) condensation polymer because water has been removed (when it is
made)/monomer does not have a carbon-carbon double bond/has ester linkage
(formed by condensation)/can be hydrolysed (1) [1]
(ii) Polyester/named polyester (1) [1]
(e) (i) any two of:

less litter (1)
small mammals or birds not trapped or harmed (1)
less landfill (1) ALLOW less or no land pollution
fewer poisonous fumes since not burnt (1) [2]
(ii) any suitable e.g. plastic bags (1) [1]
(iii)
CH3 H
C C
H H
(1)
ALLOW CH3CH=CH2 [1]
[Total: 10]

B8 (a) (i) amphoteric oxide because it react both with acids and bases/amphoteric because it
reacts as both an acid and a base (1) [1]
(ii) Al2O3 + 2NaOH → 2NaAlO2 + H2O (1)

ALLOW other equations making NaAl(OH)4 or NaAl(OH)6 [1]
(iii) Filtration (1) [1]
(b) (i) cathode: Al 3+ + 3e– → Al (1)

anode: 2O2– → O2 + 4e–
correct symbols and formulae including electron (1)
balancing (1) [3]
(ii) to dissolve the aluminium oxide/to lower the melting point of the mixture (1) [1]
(c) (i) Any two from:

aluminium (apparently) unreactive/does not corrode (1)
IGNORE aluminium does not rust
because of oxide layer (1)
acid in drink could react with iron/acid in drink doesn’t react with aluminium (1) [2]
(ii) mixture of metals or a metal with a non-metal (1) [1]
[Total: 10]
B9 (a) (i) 0.2 × 24 = 4.8 dm3/4800 cm3 (unit needed) (1) [1]
(ii) correct ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram for HCl (1) [1]
(b) CaF2 + H2SO4 → CaSO4 + 2HF

balancing (1) [2]
(c) HCl is strong and HF is weak(ish)/HCl is stronger than HF (1) ALLOW ORA
pH HCl = 1 (allow 0-2) and HF = 3–6/HCl has a lower pH than HF (1)
or
reference to greater concentration of hydrogen ions in HCl than in HF (1) [2]
(d) (i) increasing temperature: reaction goes to left/more reactants (1)

decreasing conc of HI: reaction to the right/more HI formed (1) [2]
(ii) masses: H2 = 0.8 (2 × 0.4), I2 = 19.2 (254 × 0.0756) and HI = 172.0 (128 × 1.344)
(1)
% I2 = 19.2/(0.8 + 19.2 + 172) = 10 % (1) [2]
[Total: 10]

GCE Ordinary Level

5070 CHEMISTRY
examination.
syllabuses.
A1 Allow correct name but formula takes precedence
(a) V2O5 (1) [1]
(b) ZnSO4 (1) [1]
(c) AgI (1) [1]
(d) CF3Cl3 (1) [1]
(e) (NH4)2SO4 / ZnSO4 (1) [1]
(f) CH4 (1) [1]
(g) (NH4)2SO4 (1) [1]
[Total: 7]
A2 (a) sulfur dioxide (1)

Allow SO2 [1]
(b) copper(II) sulfate (1)

Allow CuSO4 [1]
(c) H+ + OH– → H2O (1)

(d) (i) Copper(II) hydroxide (1)

Allow Cu(OH)2 [1]
(ii) Cu2+(aq) + 2OH–(aq) → Cu(OH)2(s)

Balanced equation (1)
Correct state symbols (1) [2]
79.9 20.1
(e) Mol ratio Cu:O = : / 1.25 : 1.26 (1)
64 16
CuO (1) [2]
[Total: 8]

A3 (a) (i) same number of electrons / same number of protons / same electronic
arrangement of electrons / both have 92 electrons / both have 92 protons (1) [1]
(ii) different number of neutrons / uranium-238 has three more neutrons (1) [1]
(b) (i) UO2 + 4HF → UF4 + 2H2O (1) [1]
(ii) UF4 + 2Mg → U + 2MgF2 (1) [1]
(iii) reaction involving gain of electrons / reaction involving decrease in oxidation number (1)
Allow a reaction involving the loss of oxygen / gain of hydrogen [1]
(iv) Mr of UO2 = 270 (1)

Moles of UO2 = 3704 (1) Allow ecf from wrong Mr
Mass of uranium = 0.881 tonnes (1) Allow ecf from wrong moles
Correct answer scores all three marks
OR
Alternative approach using percentage composition
Mr of UO2 = 270 (1)
% of U = 88.1% (1) Allow ecf from wrong Mr
Mass of uranium = 0.881 tonnes (1) Allow ecf from wrong percentage [3]
(c) between magnesium and copper (1) [1]
[Total: 9]

A4 (a) All covalent bond pairs shown (1)

Rest of structure correct (1)
Ignore inner shell electrons of oxygen [2]
(b) Must be a comparison in both marking points

Particles in a gas are moving faster than particles in a liquid (1)
Particles in a gas are further apart than those in a liquid (1) [2]
(c) Particles in pure hydrogen peroxide are more crowded / closer together / more particles per
unit volume / particles are more concentrated (1)
So more collisions per second / increased collision frequency / collisions more often / more
chance of collision / collisions more likely (1) [2]
(d) (i) Fe2+ → Fe3+ + e– (1)

Allow Fe2+ – e– → Fe3+
Allow e instead of e– [1]
(ii) Add sodium hydroxide (solution) / (aqueous) Ammonia / add (aqueous) hydroxide
ions (1)
Should be a brown-rust ppt (1) [2]
(e) (Colour change of KMnO4 shows) it is a reducing agent / it can be oxidised (1)
(Colour change of KI shows) it is an oxidising agent / it can be reduced (1) [2]
[Total: 11]
A5 (a) 78–79 % (1) [1]
(b) Fractional distillation (1)

of liquid air / liquefy air (1)
because (the components of air have) different boiling points (1) [3]
(c) Idea that carbon cycle involves photosynthesis and respiration (1)
Photosynthesis decreases carbon dioxide and increases oxygen / green plants change
carbon dioxide into oxygen (1)
And
any two from
Respiration increases carbon dioxide and decreases oxygen (1)
Combustion increases carbon dioxide and decreases oxygen (1)
Decomposition (of living things) increases carbon dioxide (1) [4]
(d) Used in flue-gas desulfurisation / removal of sulfur dioxide from gaseous emissions of power
station / absorbs the sulfur dioxide / neutralises (acidic) sulfur dioxide (1)
Added to lakes to neutralise acidic water (1) [2]
[Total: 10]

B6 (a) Calcium nitrate solution contains ions / AW (1)

Pentane only contains molecules / pentane is a covalent compound / pentane does not
contain ions (1) [2]
(b) Sodium and chlorine (1)

Allow Na and Cl2 [1]
(c) Hydrogen, chlorine (and sodium hydroxide) (1)

Allow H2, Cl2 (and NaOH) [1]
(d) Electrolyte is aluminium oxide (dissolved in cryolite) / alumina (1)

Graphite electrodes / Carbon electrodes (1) [2]
(e) (i) Gets plated with copper (1)

Cu2+ + 2e– → Cu (1) [2]
(ii) 1.21 (g) [1]
(iii) 1.75 (g) [1]
[Total: 10]
B7 (a) Propanol / propan-1-ol / propan-2-ol (1) [1]
(b) CH3CH2CH2CH2OH / CH3CH2CHOHCH3 (1)

Only contains (C—C) single bonds (1)
Allow there are no (carbon-carbon) double bonds [2]
(c) C7H16O (1)

Allow C7H15OH [1]
(d) (i) CH3COOC2H5 (1) [1]
(ii) Solvent (1)

Allow flavouring / perfume [1]
(e) C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 (1)

Use of yeast (1)
Any temperature or range of temperature within 20–40 °C / absence of oxygen / anaerobic
conditions / presence of water / Fractional distillation (to separate ethanol) (1)
Ignore incorrect reactants this has been assessed by the equation [3]
(f) Ethene / C2H4 (1) [1]
[Total: 10]

B8 (a) (i) Position of equilibrium moves to the right (1)

Allow make more CH3COOH
Because the reaction is exothermic / to release energy (1) This mark is dependant on
the position of equilibrium moves to the right [2]
(ii) Reaction is faster / activation energy is very high (1) [1]
(b) Labelled products to the right and below reactants (1)

Correct labelled activation energy for the forward reaction (1)
Allow double headed arrow head / arrow without any heads
Not arrow in wrong direction
Correct labelled enthalpy change (1)
Not arrow in wrong direction / double headed arrow
Note – arrows do not have to start exactly at reactant level and finish exactly at product or
maximum of curve
Maximum of two marks for an error carried forward for a reaction that is endothermic
i.e. enthalpy change mark and activation energy [3]
(c) Lowers the activation energy (1)

Allow more effective collisions / more successful collisions [1]
(d) Maximum moles that can be made is 10 / limiting reactant is the carbon monoxide (1)
98% (1) [2]
(e) CH3CO2NH4 (1) [1]
[Total: 10]
B9 (a) Only partially dissociates / does not completely ionise (1) [1]
(b) Use universal indicator (1)

Idea that the different colours indicate different pH values / match colour against a colour
chart (1)
Allow this mark even for an incorrect indicator [2]
0.105
(c) Moles of sulfamic acid = / 0.00107 (1)
97
10.8
Moles of KOH = × 0.100 / 0.00108 (1)
1000
so reacts with one mole (1) [3]
(d) (i) Mg + 2SO3NH3 → Mg(SO3NH2)2 + H2 (1) [1]
(ii) CaCO3 + 2SO3NH3 → Ca(SO3NH2)2 + H2O + CO2 (1)

Forms carbon dioxide / bubbles (1)
Allow carbon dioxide from the equation [2]
(e) Nitrogen (1) [1]
[Total: 10]

GCE Ordinary Level

5070 CHEMISTRY
examination.
syllabuses.
A1 NOTE: in A1 (a)–(d) the name takes precedence over the formula if both given
(a) sodium hydroxide / NaOH [1]
(b) copper(II) sulfate / CuSO4 [1]

ALLOW: copper sulfate
(c) ammonia / NH3 [1]
(d) zinc carbonate / ZnCO3 [1]
[Total:4]
A2 (a) CnH2n+2 [1]

ALLOW: x in place of n
(b) CH3CH2CH2CH3 / displayed formula; [1]

ALLOW: mixture of displayed and structural formula e.g.
H
H3C CH2CH2 C H
ALLOW: (CH2)2 in middle
H
REJECT: – CH at end of molecule
H
REJECT: if one or more hydrogen atoms missing in displayed formula
(CH3)2CHCH3 / displayed formula [1]

ALLOW: mixture of displayed and structural formula
H
REJECT: – CH at end of molecule
H
REJECT: if one or more hydrogen atoms missing in displayed formula

(c) (i) substitution [1]

ALLOW: if qualifying adjective to substitution e.g.
nucleophilic substitution/ chlorine substitution
IGNORE: chlorination / halogenation
APPLY: listing e.g. substitution + addition = 0
(ii) Any correct structure of a chloro substituted butane e.g. [1]
CH3CH2CH2CH2Cl / CH3CH2CHCl CH3 /
CH3CH2CHClCH2Cl
ALLOW: displayed formula /mixture of displayed and structural formula

APPLY same rules as in (b)
(d) fractional distillation [1]

ALLOW: fractionation
APPLY: listing
[Total:6]
A3 (a) (i) contains carbon–carbon double bonds; [1]
contains many / more than one (double bond); [1]

NOTE: 2nd mark dependent on double bonds being stated
REJECT: ideas of monomers e.g. chains of many monomers which contain C=C double
bonds
REJECT: ideas of polymers
(ii) add aqueous bromine / add bromine water; [1]

ALLOW: add bromine / bromine liquid / bromine gas
with saturated hydrocarbon, bromine stays orange but unsaturated decolourised / with
saturated hydrocarbon bromine does not change colour but unsaturated decolourise [1]
ALLOW: red-brown / brown / yellow for colour of bromine (but no other colours / not red)
IGNORE: unsaturated becomes clear / unsaturated becomes discoloured
ALLOW: (acidified) potassium mangante(VII) / potassium permanganate (1 mark)
with saturated hydrocarbon, potassium permanganate stays purple / pink but

unsaturated decolourised / with saturated hydrocarbon potassium permanganate does
not change colour but unsaturated decolourised (1 mark)
NOTE: it must be made clear which is the test for saturated and which is the test for the
unsaturated compound
(b) hydrogenation / reaction with hydrogen / reaction with H2 / bubbling hydrogen through the
mixture / adding hydrogen [1]
APPLY: listing e.g. adding hydrogen and oxygen = 0
IGNORE: conditions

(c) carbon dioxide / CO2; [1]
water / H2O / steam / hydrogen oxide [1]

ALLOW: carbon dioxide / CO2 and water / H2O etc as products from an equation
APPLY: listing
(d) 35% [2]

ALLOW: error carried forward from wrong Mr (for 1 mark)
ALLOW: 1 mark for Mr = 80 if answer is incorrect and no error carried forward
(e) (i) Any two from: [2]
• (increased) global warming / increased atmospheric temperature / Earth will be

warmer / Earth will be hotter / environment is getting hotter
NOT: it is getting hot
• climate change / example of climate change e.g. desertification / more heavy storms
/ more hurricanes / more tornados / more winds etc
NOTE: there must be emphasis on increase in drastic weather conditions. Change
in weather conditions is not enough.
• rise in sea level / polar ice melts / polar ice-cap melts / glaciers melt / flooding of low
lying areas
IGNORE: ice melts without qualification / flooding without qualification
IGNORE: pollution / effect on humans / mention of ozone / acid rain
(ii) NH4NO3 → N2O + 2H2O [1]

ALLOW: multiples
[Total: 12]
A4 (a) 7 [1]
(b) (number of protons) 117; [1]
(number of neutrons) 163 [1]

ALLOW: error carried forward from number of protons i.e. 280 – number of protons)

(c) Any 2 of: [2]
• poor electrical conductor / does not conduct electricity / poor conductor of heat / does
not conduct heat
• solid / crystalline
• has (relatively) low melting point / (relatively) low boiling point / highest melting point of
the Group / highest boiling point of the Group / higher melting point (or boiling point)
than iodine
NOT: higher melting point / boiling point alone
• black / grey / dark (no other colours e.g. dark brown)
ALLOW: darker than iodine / astatine
IGNORE: darker (without iodine/ astatine)
• insoluble in water / soluble in organic solvents
• radioactive
IGNORE: low density / dull surface / soft / hazardous / poisonous / diatomic
(d) (i) Mg + F2 → MgF2 [1]

(ii) F– is 2,8 ; [1]

(only 1 F– need be shown)
Mg2+ is 2,8 [1]
ALLOW: information from diagram

ALLOW: 1 mark for Mg2+ and F– (correct charges)
ALLOW: 1 mark for correct electronic structure for both ions i.e. 2,8 and 2,8
ALLOW: Fl– for F–
IF: charge in nucleus in two otherwise correct diagrams = 1 mark

(e) (i) shared pair of electrons between carbon and each of the 4 halogen atoms; [1]
ALLOW: all dots / all crosses
rest of structure correct [1]

IGNORE: inner shells of electrons
IGNORE: type of halogen atoms e.g. CCl4 / CF4
REJECT: incorrect arrangement of atoms e.g. CF3
(ii) Any one of: [1]
• poor conductor of heat / does not conduct heat

• has low melting point / has low boiling point / it is a gas
allow: it is a liquid
• low density
• insoluble in water / soluble in organic solvents
IGNORE: covalent / forms dimers
(iii) ozone depletion / destroys ozone layer / damages ozone layer / hole in the ozone layer /
converts ozone to oxygen [1]
ALLOW: global warming / any of the results of global warming mentioned in 3e(i)
REJECT: acid rain
[Total: 12]
A5 (a) many (strong) covalent bonds [1]

IGNORE: has a giant molecular structure
needs a lot of energy to break bonds / needs a lot of heat to break bonds / needs high
temperature to break bonds [1]
ALLOW: hard to break the bonds / large amount of energy to overcome bonds / lot of energy
needed to break strong forces between atoms
NOT: (just) lot of energy needed to break strong forces
REJECT: references to intermolecular or ionic forces = 0 for the question
(b) (i) no free electrons / no mobile electrons / electrons not free to move / all outer electrons
fixed in position / no delocalised electrons / all electrons involved in covalent bonding /
no sea of electrons [1]
ALLOW: the four electrons needed to form a covalent bond
IGNORE: no ions to move
(ii) (some) electrons free to move / it has delocalised electrons / blue diamond has
delocalised electrons (some of the) electrons are delocalised / (some) free electrons /
sea of electrons [1]
IGNORE: boron is metallic / boron is a metalloid / boron has sea of electrons / boron has
delocalised electrons

(c) Any two from: [2]
• conducts electricity / has free moving electrons

• high melting point
• (relatively) unreactive
ALLOW: less reactive / doesn’t react with solution
• doesn’t dissolve in water / insoluble in water
IGNORE: price / it is a solid
[Total: 6]
A6 (a) Nylon / Kevlar / Trogamid / Kermal / Nomex / Twaron / Technon / Teijinconex / Rilson /
Ultramid [1]
(b) Marks can be obtained from written material or diagram
spot of mixture on (filter) paper above solvent level and paper dipping into solvent [1]
ALLOW: liquid (for solvent)
from diagram: paper dipping into a solvent (which needn’t be labelled) and spot shown on
either (i) just above solvent or (ii) further up the paper with base line shown or (iii) on base
line and further up
NOTE: base line and /or spot must be above solvent level
ALLOW: liquid (for solvent)
spray with locating agent / use locating agent / spray with ninhydrin / use ninhydrin; [1]
ALLOW; spray with colouring agent
NOTE: the locating agent mark must be in context of the paper after running the amino acids
not at another stage e.g. adding it to the solvent
The next 2 marks can be accessed in two ways:
EITHER
First way:
measure Rf value(s) / use Rf values / description of how to measure Rf e.g.
Rf = distance moved by spot (from base line) [1]
distance moved by solvent front (from base line)
compare against standard Rf values / compare with known Rf values/ compare with Rf values
in book [1]
OR
Second way:
run known and unknown amino acid on the same piece of paper [1]
ALLOW: from diagram with labels of known and unknown
compare unknown (amino acid) with distance travelled by known (amino acids) on same
piece of paper
ALLOW: from diagram showing spots of known and unknown run the same distance with
some labelling explanation in words e.g. same (distance) / run equal distance [1]
[Total:5]

B7 (a) reaction absorbs energy / reaction absorbs heat / it absorbs energy / it absorbs heat [1]
ALLOW: temperature of surroundings decreases / energy of products greater than energy of
reactants / energy needed greater than energy released / it goes cold / bond energy of
products is less than bond energy of reactants
IGNORE: energy needed to break the bonds (alone) / ∆H is positive
IGNORE: energy needed (on its own)
IGNORE: implications of activation energy e.g. heat needed to start the reaction
(b) product to the right and above reactants; [1]

ALLOW: NO / nitrogen oxide as product
Ea for forward reaction correctly labelled; [1]

IGNORE: double-headed arrow / arrow without any heads /
NOT: arrow pointing downwards
NOTE: arrow does not have to start exactly at reactant line and finish exactly at maximum of
curve
∆H labelled correctly with arrow pointing upwards (for endothermic reaction); [1]
ALLOW: + 66 (kJ mol–1) in place of ∆H
ALLOW: H2 – H1 with H2 and H1 shown on vertical axis of diagram
NOTE: arrow does not have to start exactly at reactant level and finish exactly at product
level
NOT: arrows with double heads / arrow pointing downwards
NOTE: Max 2 marks for error carried forward from a reaction that is exothermic and has
products on right as long as the arrows for Ea and ∆H are appropriate
(c) moles N2 = 100 or 3.57 / 3.6 ; [1]

28
moles nitric oxide = 7.14 / indication of 2 x moles of N2 [1]

ALLOW: error carried forward from incorrect moles N2
IGNORE: 2 x mass in grams
mass of nitric oxide = (7.14 x 30) = 214 g [1]

ALLOW: 214.2 g / 214.3 / 214.28 / 214.29 g / answer to the number of significant figures the
Candidate uses (minimum 2 SF’s)
ALLOW: error carried forward from incorrect moles of nitric oxide
NOTE:
ALLOW: answer to two significant figures e.g. 210
IF: first marking point has been reduced to 2 significant figures i.e. 3.6 (1 mark) This gives
7.2 for the second marking point (1 mark ) and an answer of 216 (3rd mark)
OR
28 g N2 gives 60 g nitric oxide (1 mark)
100 g N2 gives (100 x 60/28 g) nitric oxide = 214 g (1 mark)
mass of nitric oxide = (7.14 x 30) = 214 g
[NOTE: correct answer without working scores 3 marks]

(d) rate increases / speed increases; [1]
more particles in given volume / more particles in same volume / more particles per cm3 /
particles more crowded / particles closer together / more concentrated particles [1]
IGNORE: more collisions unqualified / more particles in a given area
ALLOW: molecules / atoms / species for particles
more collisions per second / collision frequency increases/ increases collision rate / higher
chance of collisions / collide more often / higher probability of collisions; [1]
IGNORE: more effective collisions / more energetic collisions unqualified / quicker collisions
IGNORE: equilibrium statements
[Total: 10]
B8 (a) H+ / H3O+ [1]
(ii) Mg(C2H5CO2)2 / (C2H5CO2)2Mg / Mg(C2H5COO)2 / (C2H5COO)2Mg [1]
(c) (i) moles hydrogen = 60 or 0.0025 ; [1]

24000
moles magnesium = 0.0025 ; [1]

ALLOW: error carried forward from moles of hydrogen
mass magnesium (= 0.0025 x 24) = 0.06 g [1]

ALLOW: error carried forward from moles of magnesium / error carried forward from
using 22 400 as molar gas volume
[correct answer without working = 3 marks)
(ii) same volume at the end of the experiment ; [1]

same general shape but initial gradient less and levels out after 120 s [1]
(d) Ag+(aq) + Cl–(aq) → AgCl(s)

correct balanced equation ; [1]
correct state symbols (dependent on the correct species) [1]
[Total: 10]

B9 (a) closely packed positive ions regularly arranged; [1]

REJECT: closely packed atoms
sea of electrons / delocalised electrons / free electrons; [1]

NOTE: electrons can be shown in diagram as e– / e or – or dots labelled electron
attraction between electrons and positive ions [1]

IGNORE: attraction between electrons and protons
NOTE: marks can be obtained from either written description or a diagram but take account
of any contradictory statements
(b) (i) electrons can move / has delocalised electrons / electrons are free / has sea of electrons
/ has mobile electrons [1]
(ii) impure copper anode and pure copper cathode ; [1]
electrolysis of (aqueous) copper(II) sulfate / copper(II) nitrate [1]

ALLOW: electrolysis of copper sulfate / copper nitrate
NOT: electrolysis of copper chloride
ALLOW: description of electrolysis e.g. cells connected to electrodes dipping in
electrolyte / pass electric current through solution of copper sulfate
ALLOW: relevant information from a diagram
IGNORE: copper being deposited at the wrong electrode
(c) brass / bronze / gilding metal / Muntz metal / yellow metal / bell metal / cupro-nickel /
gunmetal / speculum metal / (cupro) nickel-silver / duralumin [1]
ALLOW: smart alloy / gold alloy
IGNORE: steel alloys
(d) Any three of: [3]
• copper ores are in limited supply / are becoming worked out / are finite (resource) /
saves resources / less copper extracted from the soil
IGNORE: no waste of copper
• less energy used (in recycling than in extracting from the ore)
• reduces pollution / reduces waste / reduces trash / less eyesore / not an eyesore / less
landfill / no landfill
IGNORE: does not cause pollution
• (need to) sort out recycled metals / (need to) collect scrap / collecting scrap (costs
money) / collecting scrap requires energy
• need to purify the recycled copper
• (less mining) saves more land for other uses / (less mining) saves land for more
agriculture
IGNORE: costs / time consuming
[Total: 10]

B10 (a) CH2O [1]
(b) (i) 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 [1]

ALLOW: 6CO2 + 12H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O
IGNORE: word equation
(ii) Any two of: [2]
• needs sunlight (NOT: light alone)

• needs chlorophyll
• needs enzyme(s)
• temperature values quoted from 20 and 40 °C (if range given, both values should be
within the range)
ALLOW: ‘body’ temperature
IGNORE: temperature more than a specified temperature / temperature less than a
specified temperature / room temperature
APPLY: listing but ignore CO2 and H2O in listing
(c) (i) Any two of: [2]
• temperature values quoted from 20 and 40 °C (if range given, both values should be
within the range)
ALLOW: ‘body’ temperature
IGNORE: temperature more than a specified temperature / temperature less than a
specified temperature / room temperature
• water / moisture / damp
IGNORE: humid
• needs yeast / enzymes / zymase
• pH 7 / pH near 7 / neutral
• absence of oxygen / anaerobic
IGNORE: minerals / salts
APPLY: listing

(ii) Method 1:
moles of glucose = 1000000 / 5 556 / 5 555.5 ; [1]
180
moles ethanol = 2 x moles glucose / 11 111 / 11 112 ; [1]

ALLOW: error carried forward from wrong moles of glucose
mass of ethanol = (46 x moles ethanol) = 511 106 g / 511 111 g/ 511 152 g / 0.511 106
to 0.511 152 tonnes [1]
ALLOW: 0.51(1) tonnes / 511 000 g / 510 000 g
ALLOW: error carried forward from incorrect moles of ethanol
[correct answer without working = 3 marks]
ALLOW: 0.5 as final answer depending on working being correct i.e. not 1 tonne ÷ 2
IF: no other marks scored allow correct molar masses of glucose and ethanol i.e. 180
and 46
NOTE: if working is in tonnes but answer incorrect candidates can get a mark for 1/180
and a mark for 2 x moles glucose
ALLOW: credit for answers derived from particular part rounded to 1 significant figure
e.g. 5.5 x 103 x 2 = 1 x 104 gets the first 2 marks.
Alternative: Method 2
180 g glucose → 46 g ethanol (1 mark)
indication of correct molar ratio e.g. 2 x 46 / 92 (1 mark for either)
ALLOW: error carried forward
1 000 000 g glucose → 1 000 000 x 92/ 180 = 511 111 g (1 mark)
ALLOW: error carried forward from incorrect moles of ethanol
(iii) produces a greenhouse gas / carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas / need to separate
ethanol from fermentation mixture (or words to that effect) [1]
ALLOW: fermentation is a slow process
IGNORE: fermentation is a long process / takes a long time
ALLOW: fewer food crops / fewer plants grown for food / food crop used for biofuels
instead of food
IGNORE: global warming / carbon dioxide given off / high activation energy
[Total:10]

GCE Ordinary Level

5070 CHEMISTRY
examination.
• CIE will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes.
CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2010 question papers for most IGCSE,
syllabuses.
A1 (a) (i) potassium / K [1]
(ii) aluminium / Al [1]
(iii) iron / Fe [1]
(iv) magnesium / Mg [1]
(v) silver / Ag [1]

ALLOW: symbols such as Ag, Fe etc.
(b) positive ions regularly arranged; [1]

ALLOW: space between ions as long as the arrangement is regular
ALLOW: ions touching
ALLOW: positively charged atoms for + ions
ALLOW: large empty circles in regular arrangement and labelled as positive ions
electrons shown as negative charges between the ions; [1]

ALLOW: very small empty circles between the ions and labelled electrons
ALLOW: electrons within very small circles / electrons as e– or e or –
IGNORE: disparity between ionic charges and number of electrons
NOT: electrons as negative charges in large circles
NOTE: mark independently
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2010
A2 (a) (i) glucose; [1]

ALLOW: other suitable sugars e.g. sucrose
ALLOW: sugar
IGNORE: carbohydrate
(ii) any two from: [2]

temperature within range 20–40°C;
IGNORE: temperatures below 20°C
REJECT: high temperature / temperatures above 40°C
lack of oxygen / lack of air / anaerobic

REJECT: oxygen needed
yeast
IGNORE: bacteria / fungi / enzymes / catalyst / zymase
water present / in solution / moisture present / damp

REJECT: dry
pH neutral
REJECT: acid / alkali
IGNORE: pressure
IGNORE: optimum pH / temperature etc.
(b) C2H4 + H2O → C2H5OH [1]

ALLOW: displayed / graphical formulae
ALLOW: C2H6O for ethanol
(c) (i) ethyl ethanoate / ethyl acetate [1]
(ii) esterification / addition-elimination / condensation / ester formation; [1]

ALLOW: reversible / equilibrium (reaction)
IGNORE: exothermic / endothermic
REJECT: addition alone
(d) (i) propanol; [1]
(ii) H H H
│ │ │
H–C–C–C–O–H
│ │ │
H H H [1]
ALLOW: structure of propan-2-ol

ALLOW: –OH in place of –O–H
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2010
A3 (a) 12.5 cm3 / min [1]

both value AND units must be correct for one mark
(b) all the zinc was used up / there was no zinc left / zinc is limiting; [1]
IGNORE: the zinc no longer reacted / zinc finished reacting / all the zinc dissolved
(c) (i) line steeper from the 0-0 point AND ending at the same level (40 cm3) [1]
(ii) lowers the activation energy / makes the reaction go by a more efficient pathway /
makes the reaction go by faster pathway; [1]
ALLOW: makes the reaction go by a different pathway
IGNORE: supplies activation energy / increases speed of reaction
(d) goes slower / speed decreases / smaller surface area (with larger pieces) / less area
exposed (with larger pieces); [1]
ALLOW: (reaction) takes more time
IGNORE: goes slowly / small surface area
REJECT: goes slower at the start + larger surface area for larger pieces
fewer collisions per minute / fewer particles exposed to react per minute / particles
collide less often / frequency of collisions decreased / collision rate lower / chance of
collisions decreases; [1]
Answer must be comparative e.g. NOT: few collisions per minute
(e) any two from: [2]

• increases / goes faster
ALLOW: (reaction) takes less time
NOT: goes fast
• particles have more energy (at higher temperature) / particles move faster (at
higher temperature) / particles collide faster / collision rate increases;
IGNORE: particles vibrate more
NOTE: must have reference to particles or named particles
• more particles have activation energy / more chance of successful collisions / more
collisions are successful
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2010
A4 (a) molecule containing two atoms / two atoms joined (by bond) / atoms in A pairs; [1]
ALLOW: has two atoms
IGNORE: two atoms / two atomic / mention of states / mention of same or different
elements / made of two elements / elements with two atoms / 2 atoms of itself
combined
(b) (i) gets darker / chlorine green bromine red (or brown or red-brown) and iodine grey-
black or grey or black
ALLOW: goes from green to black or from yellow (F2) to black [1]
NOT: iodine dark brown / silver
NOT: colour increases / gets more intense
REJECT: chloride / bromide / iodide (instead of halogens)
(ii) bromine – liquid; (1)

iodine – solid (1) [2]
(c) (i) Br2 + 2I– → 2Br– + I2 [1]

IGNORE: state symbols / K+ ions
(ii) add (aqueous) silver nitrate / (aqueous) lead nitrate; (1)

ACCEPT: formulae
REJECT starch test alone / addition of chlorine alone
REJECT: if incorrect acid added
yellow precipitate; (1) [2]

(both yellow and precipitate needed for mark)
NOTE: second mark dependent on correct reagent.
(iii) chlorine more reactive than bromine (or reverse argument) [1]
NOT: chloride more reactive than bromine
(d) H+ / H3O+ and Cl– (both needed for the mark) [1]
ALLOW: H+ / H3O+ ,Cl– and OH–
ALLOW: correct answer as part of equation e.g. HCl → H+ + Cl –
ALLOW: H+Cl –
(e) moles HCl = 0.015 × 6/1000 OR 9 × 10–5 ; (1)

moles Ca(OH)2 = ½ those of moles HCl; (4.5 × 10–5) (1)
ALLOW: any indication of correct 1:2 ratio
molarity of Ca(OH)2 = 4.5 × 10–5 × 1000/20 = 2.25 × 10–3 (mol / dm3) (1)
ALLOW: correct answer without working / 2.3 × 10–3 (mol / dm3)
VM 20 × M1
ALLOW: Use of 1 1 with correct figures e.g. (1 mark)
V2M 2 0.015 × 6
correct use of 1:2 ratio e.g. for the above ½ = V1M1 / V2M2 (1 mark)
correct answer (1 mark) [3]
[Total: 12]
© UCLES 2010
A5 (a) (i) 1 mark for each pair of matching descriptions up to max of 2 marks [2]
• diamond: atoms closely packed

graphite: layers / atoms less closely packed /
• diamond: each atom joined to 4 other atoms

graphite: each atom joined to 3 others
ALLOW: (atoms in) diamond form more bonds than graphite
• diamond: atoms arranged tetrahedrally / in a pyramid / in bent hexagons /

ALLOW: in triangles
graphite: atoms arranged in hexagons / rings / layers
• diamond: all atoms connected (by covalent bonds)/

graphite: some atoms (i.e. those between layers) not connected (by covalent
bonds)
• graphite: had intermolecular forces / van der Waal’s forces

diamond doesn’t / has strong forces or bonds throughout
• diamond has no free moving electrons / no delocalised electrons / all electrons

involved in bonding
graphite has (some) delocalised / mobile electrons
(ii) in graphite the layers can slide / weak forces between the layers / intermolecular
forces between the layers; [1]
in diamond there is continuous 3 dimensional structure of (covalent) bonds /

covalent bonds are linked in all directions / (strong) bonding in all directions / all
atoms in fixed positions [1]
ALLOW: all the atoms are bonded together
REJECT: ionic structure
(b) (i) oxygen removed from the tin oxide / it loses oxygen / carbon takes oxygen away; [1]
ALLOW: oxidation number of tin (in tin oxide) decreases / tin (in tin oxide)
gains electrons
ALLOW: tin loses oxygen /
NOT: wrong oxidation numbers / electron gain without qualification
(ii) it is poisonous / toxic; [1]

IGNORE: kills red blood cells / stops red blood cells carrying oxygen / combines
with haem
IGNORE: harmful / causes pollution / dangerous / hazardous
© UCLES 2010
(c) (i) CO2 + C → 2CO [1]

(ii) 6 electrons shared between C and O; (1)
2 non bonding electrons on outer shell of oxygen and 2 non bonding electrons on
outer shell of carbon (1) [2]
REJECT: 0 non bonding electrons on outer shell of oxygen and 4 non bonding
electrons on outer shell of carbon
IGNORE: dots / crosses
NOTE: mark these points independently
(iii) CrC6O6 [1]

ALLOW: Cr(CO)6
[Total: 10]
B6 (a) plants absorb CO2 from atmosphere / plants take up CO2 in photosynthesis; (1)
ALLOW: plants use carbon dioxide
CO2 given out in respiration; (1)

ALLOW: carbon dioxide breathed out in animals
Amount of CO2 given out (in respiration) equal to that absorbed (in photosynthesis) /
idea of (roughly) equal uptake and release of carbon dioxide; (1) [3]
ALLOW: carbon dioxide given out in balance with carbon dioxide taken up
(b) (i) any two possible consequences (1 mark for each) e.g. [2]
• sea level rise / flooding of low lying land /
ALLOW: floods
NOT: increase in water level
• climate change / extreme weather / increased rainfall /
NOT: weather unpredictable
• desertification / more forest fires / more droughts /
• melting of glaciers / melting of polar ice caps / melting icebergs
NOT: increase in temperature / greenhouse effect skin cancers
(ii) CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O [1]

ALLOW: multiples
(iii) substitution (by chlorine) / reaction with chlorine (in the light) /
ALLOW: suitable word equation or symbol equation [1]
REJECT: addition reaction
© UCLES 2010
(c) (i) larger / longer / heavier / molecules have higher boiling points; [1]
ALLOW: higher boiling point when more carbon atoms (in molecule)
IGNORE: the boiling points increase / they get higher
IGNORE: higher boiling point with more bonds / reference to intermolecular forces
/ melting points / ‘bond’ breaking between molecules
(ii) high temperature / heat; [1]

ALLOW: quoted temperatures between 300°C–800°C
EITHER:
Catalyst / named catalyst e.g. aluminium oxide / silicon dioxide / zeolites [1]
ALLOW: porous pot / ceramics
REJECT: incorrect catalyst
OR:
high pressure / quoted pressure between 50-200 atmospheres
[Total: 10]
B7 (a) in solid ions can’t move / ions in fixed position / no free ions / ions are in a lattice; [1]
IGNORE: there are no ions / reference to electrons
when molten ions can move / ions are free to move / are mobile; [1]
ALLOW: ions are free
IGNORE: ions moving in solution
REJECT: reference to electrons moving (in addition to ions moving) /
(b) anode: chlorine AND cathode: zinc [1]

ALLOW: Cl 2 / Cl / Zn
ALLOW: correct products from equation (need not be balanced)
REJECT: Cl – / chloride / Zn2+
(c) 4OH– → O2 + 2H2O + 4e– [2]

1 mark for correct reactants and products (OH–, O2 and H2O)
1 mark for correct balance with electrons
ALLOW: multiples in both cases
ALLOW: e for e–
(d) add (aqueous) sodium hydroxide / other suitable hydroxide / (aqueous) ammonia; (1)
NOT: hydroxide alone
white precipitate; (1)
precipitate soluble in excess (hydroxide or ammonia) / dissolves in excess / gives

colourless solution in excess (1) [3]
(e) correct formula masses 136 for ZnCl 2 AND 204 for Zn(NH3)4Cl 2 (1)
correct answer (3.4 × 204/136) = 5.1 (g) (1) [2]
ALLOW: error carried forward from one incorrect formula mass
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2010
B8 (a) (i) magnesium oxide and hydrogen (both required) [1]

ALLOW: correct formula of products
IGNORE: incorrect equation
(ii) 2CH3COOH + Mg → (CH3COO)2Mg + H2 [2]

1 mark for correct reactants and products
1 mark for balance (dependent on correct reactant and products)
(b) any three from: [3]

• add hydrochloric acid to (excess) magnesium carbonate;
REJECT: this first mark if titration suggested
• filter (off excess carbonate);

• heat filtrate or solution to crystallisation point / evaporate off (some of) the water
from the filtrate / leave in a warm place / leave to crystallise;
NOT: heat / dry it / put it in the oven / let all water evaporate
• pick out crystals / filter off crystals / dry crystals on filter paper
(c) (thermal) decomposition [1]

ALLOW: endothermic
(d) (i) height or strength of Bunsen flame /

ALLOW: temperature of Bunsen / temperature / amount of energy (applied) /
distance of Bunsen flame from tube / amount of carbonate in the tube /
ALLOW: volume of carbonate in tube / mass of carbonate / same amount of
limewater in tube [1]
ALLOW: same size of (carbonate) particles
IGNORE: pressure
(ii) order of decomposition is copper (carbonate) > zinc (carbonate) > magnesium
(carbonate); (1)
ALLOW: copper carbonate takes shortest time and magnesium carbonate takes
longest time / copper carbonate the fastest and magnesium carbonate the slowest
the less reactive (the metal), the faster the rate (of decomposition) /
the more reactive (the metal) the slower the rate (of decomposition) /
the more reactive (the metal) the longer it takes (to decompose) / (1) [2]
ALLOW: the most reactive takes the most time ORA
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2010
B9 (a) (i) burning fossil fuels / burning named fossil fuel / volcanoes / smelting sulfide ores; [1]
IGNORE: gases from exhausts / factory chimneys / power stations / burning sulfur
/ decomposition of fossil fuels
(ii) any suitable e.g. [1]

• erosion of buildings / statues (made of carbonate rocks / limestone)/
IGNORE: erosion of rocks / destroys building / dissolves stones
ALLOW: corrosion of buildings / damages buildings
• corrosion of metal structures / bridges etc. /
ALLOW: erosion of metal structures etc.
• forest death / crop loss / reduction in plant growth / do not grow properly
NOT: kills plants (in stem of question) / destroys trees
• soil acidification / leaching from soil
(b) (i) CaCO3(s) + H2SO4(aq) → CaSO4(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) [2]

1 mark for balanced equation
1 mark for correct state symbols (dependent on correct formulae)
ALLOW: CaSO4(s)
(ii) Any suitable use e.g. [1]

(making) paints / (making) dyes / (making) plastics / (making) fertilisers / (making)
fibres / (making) soaps / (making) detergents / cleaning metals / oil refining / waste
water processing / removing rust
ALLOW: for adjusting pH of the soil / making soil less alkaline / car batteries /
catalyst /
IGNORE: general chemical used in the lab / dehydrating agent
(iii) completely ionised / completely dissociated; [1]

ALLOW: the hydrogen ion is fully ionised / completely ionises the hydrogen ions
IGNORE: low pH / has more hydrogen ions
(c) air AND sulfur (both needed) [1]

ALLOW: oxygen and sulfur
ALLOW: sulfide ore in place of sulfur
(d) (i) enthalpy change [1]

ALLOW: heat change / amount of energy released or absorbed / heat of reaction /
energy change
IGNORE: exothermic / thermal energy / amount of energy released / amount of
energy absorbed / enthalpy
(ii) reaction goes to left / favours the reactants / reverse reaction occurs / amount of
product decreases; (1)
(because) the reaction is exothermic; (1) [2]

ALLOW: goes to the side which is endothermic
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2010
GCE Ordinary Level

5070 CHEMISTRY
examination.
syllabuses.
A1 (a) (i) D [1]
(ii) A [1]
(iii) E [1]
(iv) B [1]
(v) F [1]
(vi) C [1]
(b) Propanol / propan-2-ol (1) [1]
[Total: 7]
A2 (a) Ga (1)
IGNORE: lack of atomic and nucleon number [1]
(b) Ni and Mn (1)

IGNORE: lack of charge [1]
(c) 23 (1) [1]
(d) 2,8,8 (1)

ALLOW: 1s22s22p63s23p6
IGNORE: any charge shown [1]
(e) (i) regular arrangement of particles in rows (minimum 2 rows of 4 atoms) (1)
at least 2 different sized particles arranged in the structure (1)
Mark independently
ALLOW: either atoms or ions [2]
(ii) any suitable use e.g. catalyst for margarine manufacture (1)
manufacture of margarine or hydrogenation of alkenes NOT sufficient [1]
(iii) Layers cannot slide (as easily as with pure iron) (1)
because Ni atoms cause irregularities in lattice / ions of different size (1) [2]
[Total: 9]
© UCLES 2010
A3 (a) (i) More carbonyl chloride formed / (reaction) shifts to right (1)
ALLOW: favours the forward reaction
Idea of moving in direction so that concentration of chlorine is lowered (1)
IGNORE: references to rate [2]
(ii) More carbonyl chloride formed / (reaction) shifts to right (1)

ALLOW: favours the forward reaction
Idea of moving in the direction of the fewer number of molecules or moles / idea of
moving to the side with the smaller volume (1)
IGNORE: references to rate [2]
(iii) less carbonyl chloride formed / (reaction) shifts to left (1)

ALLOW: favours the backward reaction
because the (forward reaction) is exothermic / in the direction of the endothermic
reaction (1)
IGNORE: references to right [2]
(b) COCl2 + 4NH3 → (NH2)2CO + 2NH4Cl

Balancing dependent on formulae (1) [2]
(c) (i) replace nitrogen lost from soil (when plants harvested) / replace essential elements
lost from soil (when plants harvested) / OWTTE / nitrogen converted to protein (for
growth) (1)
increase nutrients is NOT sufficient [1]
(ii) iron catalyst (1)

temperature 450°C (1)
ALLOW: from 400–500°C
pressure 200 atm (1)
ALLOW: from 150–400 atmospheres [3]
[Total: 12]
A4 (a) (i) any two differences

e.g.
• potassium soft + iron hard (1)
ALLOW: iron is harder
• potassium low melting point + iron high melting point (1)
ALLOW: iron has a higher melting point
• potassium not very dense + iron (very) dense (1)
ALLOW: iron is more dense [2]
(ii) any one difference

e.g.
• variable oxidation states (1)
• potassium is more reactive than iron (1)
• potassium reacts with cold water + iron does not (1)
• potassium tarnishes iron does not (1)
• potassium reacts with air at room temperature iron does not (1) [1]
© UCLES 2010
(b) divide by Mr
C = 10.5/12 O = 10/16 H = 0.75/1
C = 0.875 O = 0.625 H = 0.75 (1)
OR
divide by lowest
C = 1.4 O = 1.0 H = 1.2 (1)
statement or indication relating above ratios to empirical formula C7O5H6 (1)
e.g. multiply each by 5 or divide each by 0.2 or 2 (and × by 10) [3]
(c) (i) Ag+ + e– → Ag (1) [1]
(ii) reduction is addition of electrons / silver ion(s) gains electrons (1)

ALLOW: oxidation state of silver changes from 1 to 0
ALLOW: it gains electrons but NOT silver gains electrons [1]
(d) (add aqueous) sodium hydroxide / (add aqueous) ammonia (1)
red brown precipitate (both red brown and ppt needed) (1) dependent on the use of
the correct reagent [2]
[Total: 10]
A5 (a) Two electrodes dipping into aqueous potassium bromide in beaker and at least one
label (1)
NOT: copper electrodes or incorrect electrolyte
external circuit and power source (1) [2]
(b) (i) liquid (around anode) goes brown (1)

ALLOW: brown fumes (around anode) [1]
(ii) test: lighted splint (1)

result: pops / explodes / squeaks (1)
result is dependent on correct test [2]
(iii) 2H+ + 2e– → H2 (1) [1]
(iv) potassium is higher in the discharge series / potassium is higher in the reactivity
series (than hydrogen) / potassium is higher (than hydrogen) in the
electrochemical series (1)
ALLOW: potassium is more reactive than hydrogen [1]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2010
B6 (a) atomic number / number of protons (1) [1]
(b) 3 / III (1) [1]
(c) any two differences

e.g.
• groups are horizontal in old table (1)
• noble gases not present in old table (1)
• hydrogen and lithium in same period (or column) (1)
• groups don’t start with Group I (1)
• zinc appears in same group as magnesium (1)
• magnesium and calcium in same period (in old table) (1)
• old table does not include actinides / does not include lanthanides / transition
elements / old table has more elements (1) [2]
(d) (i) transition elements (1)

ALLOW: d-block [1]
(ii) increasing temperature increases speed of reaction (1)
particles collide with greater frequency / particles collide more often / more
successful collisions / more energetic collisions (1) [2]
(e) (i) more reactive in order Li, Na, K / more reactive down the Group (1) [1]
(ii) 2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2

ALLOW: any correct multiples including fractions [1]
(iii) any value between 20–55°C (actual = 39°C) (1) [1]
[Total: 10]
B7 (a) any two from:

• has a general (molecular) formula (1)
• consecutive members differ by CH2 (1)
• have similar or the same chemical properties (1)
ALLOW: can be prepared by same or similar methods
• have same functional group (1)
• physical properties change in predictable way (1)
ALLOW: example of change in physical property [2]
(b) (i) C5H12 (1) [1]
(ii) Any value between 23–47 (actual = 36°C) (1) [1]
© UCLES 2010
(c) (i) enthalpy change is negative (1) [1]
(ii) Bond breaking is endothermic and bond making exothermic / heat needed to break
bonds and heat given out when bonds form (1)
but
Energy given out when new bonds formed greater than energy absorbed in
breaking bonds (2) [2]
(iii) Any two from:

• difference in CH2 in successive members (1)
• extra bonds broken are the same each time (1)
• extra ones made are the same (1) [2]
(d) Marshes / flatulence in animals or as result of bacteria or digestion in animals / paddy

fields / decomposition in landfill sites (1)
ALLOW: melting of permafrost / decay of organic material
IGNORE: natural gas [1]
[Total: 10]
B8 (a) (i) Giant covalent structures (of atoms) / very long chained molecules (1) [1]
(ii) any suitable named or generically named macromolecule (1)

e.g. polysaccharides / starch / cellulose / DNA / RNA
ALLOW: fats / (large) carbohydrates [1]
(b) (concentrated) hydrochloric acid (1)

NOT: sulfuric / nitric acid
ALLOW: enzyme protease
Heat / reflux (1) dependent on the correct reagent

ALLOW: any value between 20–40°C for an enzyme [2]
(c) any two from:

• base of chromatography paper in solvent (1)
• spot of amino acids on base line (1)
• let the solvent run up paper (1)
AND
spray with locating agent (1)
Measure Rf values (1) [4]
(d) (i) Both have amide linkage / CONH link or group (1) [1]
(ii) Has many different side groups / only one carbon between each amide linkage /
has more than two monomers (1)
Different monomers is NOT sufficient [1]
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2010
B9 (a) correct electronic structure of three bonding pairs and a lone pair (1) [1]
(b) (i) moles phosphorus = 1.86/31 = 0.06 mol

use of 4:1 ratio so moles phosphine = 0.06/4 = 0.015 mol (1)
mass phosphine = 0.015 × 34 = 0.51 g (1)
ALLOW: ecf from wrong Mr values [2]
(ii) 0.015 × 24 = 0.36 dm3 (1)

ALLOW: ecf from wrong number of moles [1]
(c) 2PH3 → 2P + 3H2

Balancing dependent on correct formulae (1)
ALLOW: equations with correct multiples or P4 [2]
(d) (i) PH4I + NaOH → PH3 + NaI + H2O (1) [1]
(ii) fumes of phosphine / smell of garlic / gas given off / effervescence [1]
(e) (i) P3– (1) [1]
(ii) high melting point / high boiling point / conducts electricity when it dissolves (or
reacts) with water / soluble in water / conducts electricity when molten (1) [1]
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2010
GCE Ordinary Level

5070 CHEMISTRY
examination.
CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2010 question papers for most IGCSE, GCE
Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses.
GCE O LEVEL – May / June 2010 5070 22
A1 (a) CF3Cl [1]
(b) CH4 / CO2 [1]
(c) CaCO3 [1]
(d) BaSO4 / CaCO3 [1]
(e) K2Cr2O7 [1]
(f) C2H4 [1]
[Total: 6]
A2 (a) 1 / one [1]
(b) proton (atomic) number = 87

number of protons = 87
number of electrons = 87
number of neutrons = 136
All correct = 2 marks [2]

Any 3 correct = 1 mark
(c) Any two of:

• thermal conductor /
• electrical conductor /
• soft or cuts easily /
• low melting point or low boiling point /
• (relatively) low density or lightweight IGNORE: light
• malleable /
• ductile /
• shiny or silvery ALLOW: grey IGNORE: white / [2]
IGNORE: floats on water / sonorous.
IGNORE: chemical properties
IGNORE: comparisons e.g. heavier than lithium
(d) 2Fr + 2H2O → 2FrOH + H2 [1]

ALLOW: multiples
ALLOW: Fr + H2O → FrOH + ½H2
[Total: 6]
© UCLES 2010
A3 (a) Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g) [2]

1 mark for correctly balanced equation ;
1 mark for correct state symbols (dependent on all formulae being correct)
(b) (i) gas escapes / hydrogen escapes / gas given off / hydrogen given off / gas released /
hydrogen released / gas produced / gas evolved / hydrogen is a gas ; [1]
NOT: hydrogen produced without qualification. ALLOW: ecf from wrong gas in
part (a)
(ii) downwards curve starting at the same point as the original curve but displayed to
the left (at least at first) ; [1]
Line ends at the same mass as the original ; [1]

NOT: curve dipping markedly below the horizontal section and then going
upwards to meet it
(c) (acid) particles in dilute acid are less crowded / there are fewer particles (of acid) in
a given volume / the particles (of acid) are further apart ; [1]
ALLOW: concentration of HCl particles is lower
ALLOW: molecules / ions in place of particles
ALLOW: reverse argument e.g. particles in concentrated acid are more crowded /
there are more particles (of acid) in a given volume etc
IGNORE: there are fewer molecules unqualified / there is more water there are more
moles in a given volume.
fewer collisions (in dilute acid) / less chance of collisions (in dilute acid) / frequency of
collisions lower (in dilute acid) ; [1]
ALLOW: reverse argument e.g. more collisions (in concentrated acid) / more
chance of collisions (in concentrated acid) ;
IGNORE: effective (collisions)
(d) more particles exposed / large(r) surface area ; [1]

ALLOW: atoms / ions in place of particles
more collisions / greater chance of collisions / particles collide more often / greater
frequency of collisions ; [1]
IGNORE: effective (collisions)
(e) white precipitate / ppt or white solid ; [1]

IGNORE: bubbles / colourless ppt / incorrectly named ppt
precipitate redissolves (in excess) / precipitate goes to (colourless) solution (in excess) ; [1]
ALLOW: this mark if wrong colour precipitate
NOTE: second mark dependent on ppt or solid stated for first mark
[Total: 11]
© UCLES 2010
A4 (a) graphite has electron(s) that can move / are mobile / are delocalised ; [1]
ALLOW: graphite has free electron(s) / graphite has a sea of electrons
REJECT: implications of layers moving / ions have free electrons
diamond has all its electrons involved in bonding / has electron(s) that cannot move /
are not mobile / no delocalised electrons ; [1]
ALLOW: diamond has no free electron(s)
REJECT: mention of ions
(b) solid sodium chloride has ions fixed in position / ions cannot move ; [1]
IGNORE: electrons cannot move / ions can’t carry electricity / references to intermolecular
forces
ALLOW: ions are not free
REJECT: no ions to move
aqueous sodium chloride has ions that can move / are mobile ; [1]
ALLOW: ions are free
REJECT: reference to moving electrons as well as ions
IGNORE: ions carry electric charge / ions dislocated / ions delocalised /
(c) 1st row: lead at cathode and bromine at anode ; [1]

ALLOW: Pb at cathode / Br2 at anode
REJECT: lead(II) / Pb2+ / Br– / bromide
IGNORE: Br
2nd row: oxygen / O2 ; [1]
REJECT: O2–
IGNORE: O
3rd row: hydrogen / H2 ; [1]
REJECT: H+
IGNORE: H
(d) commercial use e.g. extraction of aluminium or any other element which is
definitely extracted by electrolysis / purification of copper / (electro)plating ; [1]
ALLOW: coating metals / hair removal / production of sodium hydroxide
NOT: electrolysis of named substance unqualified / reference to electrochemical cells
correct electrolyte / correct formula of electrolyte:

This mark is dependent on the correct use BUT allow if it is feasible e.g. zinc sulphate (given
incorrect use of zinc in the first part).
e.g. molten aluminium oxide dissolved in cryolite / (aqueous) copper sulfate or
copper sulfate (solution) / for hair removal accept sweat or sodium chloride (solution). [1]
correct ionic equation: This mark is dependent on the electrolyte used; [1]
e.g. Al 3+ + 3e– → Al / Cu2+ + 2e– → Cu / 2H+ + 2e– → H2
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2010
A5 (a) cracking / thermal decomposition ; [1]
(b) (i) C2H4 + H2O → C2H5OH [1]

ALLOW: C2H6O for the product
(ii) propanol; [1]

ALLOW: propan-1-ol / propan-2-ol
IGNORE: formulae
(c) (i) any two from: [2]

• temperature between 25°C to 40°C /
REJECT: high temperature IGNORE: room temperature
• yeast / zymase / enzymes /
IGNORE: catalyst alone
• absence of oxygen / anaerobic (conditions) / not exposed to air
• water REJECT: moisture / damp
• pH neutral / near neutral / pH 7
IGNORE: pressure / presence of glucose
(ii) any one of: [1]

renewable raw materials used or renewable fuel made NOT: renewable process /
conserves valuable resources / lower energy costs / lower temperature required / lower
pressure required / consumes less energy / atmospheric pressure required / specialised
equipment not required / simple apparatus required;
ALLOW: carbon neutral / carbon dioxide made (in this process) can be used for
photosynthesis (to make more glucose) NOT: carbon dioxide can be used for
photosynthesis alone
IGNORE: not as complicated / references to pollution / consumes energy without
qualification
NOT: costs alone / faster / uses glucose without qualification
(d) (fractional) distillation / fractionation; [1]

ALLOW: description of distillation e.g. evaporating then condensing the alcohol (first)
IGNORE: using an anhydrous salt / named anhydrous salt
(e) lime water goes milky / cloudy / chalky / misty / white precipitate [1]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2010
A6 (a) (i) addition ; [1]

ALLOW: additional
IGNORE: specific names
(ii) minimum required is C2H5CH=CH2 [1]
(iii) no (carbon-carbon) double bonds / only has (carbon-carbon) single bonds [1]
ALLOW: no hydrogen can be added / no addition reactions / carbons fully occupied by
(hydrogen atoms)
NOT: occupied by wrong atoms e.g. Cl atoms
NOT: has carbon-carbon single bonds
(b) non-biodegradeable / can’t be broken down by bacteria / insoluble in water / only soluble in
organic solvents [1]
ALLOW: doesn’t react with water / unreactive
IGNORE: it is a hydrocarbon / it is strongly bonded
[Total: 4]
© UCLES 2010
B7 (a) non-polluting gases formed / harmless gases formed / nitrogen and water are harmless /
nitrogen and water are non-polluting / the products are non-polluting/the products are
harmless ; [1]
ALLOW: nitrogen and water don’t affect ozone / don’t contribute (as much) to greenhouse
effect / don’t contribute to acid rain
NOT: nitrogen and water less harmful / nitrogen and water are formed (without qualification) /
environmentally friendly products
(b) bond breaking endothermic / requires energy / absorbs energy

AND bond making exothermic / releases energy / gives out energy ; [1]
more energy is released than absorbed (or similar wording) ; [1]

REJECT: implication that energy needed in bond formation
NOTE: energy released on forming bonds is greater than energy taken in to break
bonds (or similar wording) = 2 marks
(c) (i) moles N2H4 = 1 000 000 / 32 = 31 250 ; [1]
moles O2 = moles N2H4 or implication of this in working ; [1]

ALLOW: ecf from wrong moles of N2H4
Volume of O2 (31 250 × 24) = 750 000 dm3 / 7.5 × 105 dm3 ; [1]
ALLOW: ecf from second mark.
Alternative for 1st two stages:

32 g N2H4 → 32g O2 (1 mark)
moles O2 = 1 000 000 / 32 = 31 250 (allow ecf) (1 mark)
(ii) it / liquid oxygen takes up less space / room ; [1]

ALLOW: able to store more in liquid form / gaseous volume too high / maximum storage
capacity.
IGNORE: less easily spread out/no gas can escape / less possibility of an explosion / to
prevent reaction with other substances
(d) (i) N2H5Cl / N2H6Cl2 [1]

ALLOW: any order of atoms
ALLOW: correct displayed formulae or mixtures of displayed and molecular
REJECT: N2H5Cl in equation if more than one product given
(ii) H H [2]
•x •x
: N : N :
•x •x
H H
Structure completely correct = 2 marks
NOTE: (i) only outer shells need be shown
(ii) no distinction need be made between dots and crosses
IF: inner shells incorrect = 1 mark maximum.
IF: structure with a triple bond and no lone pairs = 1 mark
NOT: structures with separate nitrogen atoms / double bonds (= 0)
© UCLES 2010
B8 (a) (i) butanoic acid / methylpropanoic acid ; [1]
(ii) minimum is CH3CH2CH2COOH / (CH3)2CHCOOH [1]

ALLOW: correct displayed formulae or mixture of structural and displayed
(iii) C2H4O [1]
(b) molar ratio correct C = 4.35, H = 13.0, O = 2.18 ; [1]
C2H6O [1]
ALLOW: correct error carried forward as long as there is not too much rounding up
or down from the first stage
ALLOW: C2H5OH
(c) (i) ethyl ethanoate ; [1]
(ii) solvent / flavouring / perfume / aroma /

ALLOW: to make the taste in sweets / deodorants
IGNORE: food additive
(d) (i)
O O [2]
║ ║
□
- – C – O –■– C – O –
correct structure of ester linkage showing ALL atoms and bonds (including bonds
to the boxes) = 1 mark
at least 2 units shown with continuation bonds = 1 mark

ALLOW: ester linkages reversed
ALLOW: boxes or part formulae between ester linkages the same
NOT: more than three type of ‘boxes’
ALLOW:
O O
║ ║
□
–O– – C – O –■– C ––
ALLOW: single unit shown bracketed and continuation bonds
2nd mark dependent on ester linkage being shown correctly, or as –COO- or –CO2- etc
(ii) fat / lipid / (tri)glyceride; [1]
© UCLES 2010
B9 (a) reaction in which there is electron transfer / one reactant loses electrons and the other gains
electrons / both oxidation and reduction occur ; [1]
ALLOW: a reaction involving changes in oxidation state
IGNORE: gaining and losing oxygen / gaining and losing hydrogen
(b) (i) less iodine present / lower concentration of iodine ; [1]

NOT: less reactants present / diluted in colour because more colourless HI present
(position of) equilibrium moves to the right / increased yield / reaction moves to the
right ; [1]
ALLOW: more hydrogen and iodine react to form hydrogen iodide
ALLOW: more hydrogen iodide formed / more product formed / rate of forward reaction
increases (to achieve new equilibrium)
The reaction is endothermic / the reaction absorbs heat (or energy) / ∆H is positive; [1]
(c) moles of hydrogen = 45.3 / 2 = 22.65 [1]

answer only scores mark
ALLOW: 22.7
moles of HI = 45.3; [1]

ALLOW: ecf / indication that moles HI 2× moles of hydrogen i.e. use of 1:2 ratio
mass = (45.3 × 128) = 5798 g / 5798.4 g; [1]

ALLOW: ecf moles HI / 5800 g
Alternative method:
2 g hydrogen → 2 × 128 = 256 g HI (1 mark)
so 1 g hydrogen → 128 g HI (1 mark)
45.3 g hydrogen → 45.3 × 256 / 2 = 5798(.4) g (1 mark)
(d) (i) Pb2+(aq) + 2I–(aq) → PbI2(s) [2]
balanced equation = 1 mark

correct state symbols = 1 mark (dependent on correct formulae above)
ALLOW: full ionic equation
NOT: X– in place I– and PbX2 in place of PbI2
(ii) it or X is a reducing agent / HI is a reducing agent / it or X can be oxidised / HI can be

oxidised ; [1]
© UCLES 2010
B10 (a) (i) KOH + HCl → KCl + H2O [1]

ALLOW: K2CO3 + 2HCl → 2KCl + H2O + CO2
ALLOW: KHCO3 + HCl → KCl + H2O + CO2
NOT: word equation
(ii) titrate (acid against alkali) / titration / description of titration e.g. add one solution to the
other until neutralised / add one solution to another until (acid-base) indicator changes
colour ; [1]
IGNORE: lack of repeating the titration without indicator
Evaporate the solution (from the titration flask to dryness) ; [1]

ALLOW: evaporate / heat / boil
ALLOW: ecf from wrongly named solution in first marking point
ALLOW: evaporation etc from potassium chloride / salt solution without reference to
titration
REJECT: if method incorrect e.g. precipitation the mark for part (ii) is zero in total.
(b) (i) (NH4)3PO4 [1]

ALLOW: PO4(NH4)3
(ii) molar mass (NH4)3PO4 = 149; [1]

ALLOW: ecf from wrong formula in part (i)
% by mass = 28.2 [1]

ALLOW: 28.19 / 28
ALLOW: ecf from wrong molar mass
(c) (i) Ca(OH)2 + 2H+ → Ca2+ + 2H2O [1]

ALLOW: Ca2+ + 2OH– + 2H+ → Ca2+ + 2OH– + 2H2O
ALLOW: OH– + H+ → H2O (or multiples)
(ii) ammonium phosphate (reacts with calcium hydroxide to) give ammonia / there is loss of
nitrogen (content) with ammonium phosphate [1]
ALLOW: reverse arguments
IGNORE: ammonia poisonous / potassium nitrate is more soluble
REJECT: loses nitrogen gas / potassium nitrate has a greater % of nitrogen
(d) add (excess) sodium hydroxide and aluminium (powder / foil and warm) ; [1]
ALLOW: add sodium hydroxide and Devarda’s alloy
ammonia given off / gas (given off) turns red litmus blue; [1]
NOTE: this mark is dependent on correct reagents Al + NaOH
Alternative:
add iron(II) sulfate then concentrated sulfuric acid (1 mark)
brown ring forms at the interface (1 mark)
© UCLES 2010
GCE Ordinary Level

5070 CHEMISTRY
examination.
Section A
A1 (a) Nickel / Ni [1]
(b) Zinc / Zn [1]
(c) Sulfur / S [1]
(d) Hydrogen / H2 [1]
(e) Chlorine / Cl2 [1]
(f) Calcium / Ca [1]
[Total: 6]
A2 (a) 2H2O2 2H2O + O2 / ALLOW any correct multiple including fractions [1]
(b) More crowded particles / more particles per unit volume / particles closer together [1]
More (effective) collisions (per second) [1]
(c) Particles are moving faster / particles have more energy [1]
more energetic collisions / more effective collisions / more particles have energy
above that of the activation energy / more successful collisions [1]
(d) Lowers activation energy [1]

Reaction takes place by a different mechanism / reaction takes place by different
pathway / more particles have energy above that of the activation energy / more
successful collisions [1]
(e) 95 cm3 [1]
(i) Way of measuring the gas collected e.g. upturned measuring cylinder / gas
syringe [1]
(ii) Method works and is gas tight [1]
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2010
A3 (a) Divide by relative atomic mass / calculated mole ratio 1.01 : 0.50 : 2.02 (K:Fe:O) (1)
Divide by smallest number to get ratio (1)
OR
Mr = 198 (1)
Correct expressions to calculate the percentage by mass (1) [2]
(b) (i) Mr = 160

0.0125 / ecf from wrong Mr (1) ALLOW 2 marks for 0.0125 with no working (2)
(ii) 0.08 (1)
(iii) Fe2O3 because you need 0.125 mole of KOH / Fe2O3 because 0.08 of KOH can
only react with 0.008 mole of Fe2O3 (1) ALLOW ecf from parts (i) and (ii) (1) [4]
(c) Reduction since electrons are gained / reduction since oxidation number decreases [1]
(d) K2FeO4 is an oxidising agent / K2FeO4 can be reduced [1]
[Total: 8]
A4 (a)
ion number of atomic mass
protons neutrons electrons number number
Mg2+ 10 12 24
Br- 35 46 36
All six correct (3)

Four or five correct (2)
Two or three correct (1) [3]
(b) (Two) sodium ions with Na+ and 2.8 (1) ALLOW [Na]+ IGNORE missing inner shells
One oxide ion with O2- and 2.8 (1) IGNORE missing inner shells
ALLOW one mark for correct charges on both ions / one mark for both electronic
configurations correct [2]
(c) Strong (electrostatic) attraction between ions difficult to break / strong ionic bonds
difficult to overcome / large amount of energy to separate the ions / giant structure
so needs lots of energy to separate the particles / giant structure so needs lots of
energy to break the bonds / lots of energy to break the ionic lattice [1]
(d) Ions cannot move / free ions (1) IGNORE electrons cannot move [1]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2010
A5 (a) (i) Addition (1) ALLOW additional
(ii)
H H
C C
H H / CH2==CH2 (1) [2]
(b) (i) Any two from

reduces litter / reduces need for land fill sites (1)
reduces need for incineration / produce less toxic gases when burnt (1)
saves a finite resource / metal ores are a finite resource / crude oil is a finite
resource (1)
saves energy (1)
Less environmental damage due to mining activities / AW (1)
NOT less pollution unless qualified / NOT costs less unless qualified (2)
(ii) Any one from

difficult to sort substances (1)
difficult to collect all the mobile phones (1) (1) [3]
(c) electrolyte – copper sulfate / CuSO4 (1)

anode – impure copper (1)
cathode – (pure) copper (1) [3]
ALLOW one mark if impure and pure copper are reversed
(d) (i) Close packed positive ions (attracted to) (1)

Positive ions are touching or almost touching each other. Can be labelled with
just a positive sign
(Delocalised) electrons (1)
(ii) Electrons move / delocalised electrons / free electrons / sea of electrons (1) [3]
(e) (i) Alloy it to make steel / galvanised / tin plate / use of a sacrificial metal / paint (1)
ALLOW coat with oil
(ii) Any one from

Sacrificial protection – Metal in sacrificial metal loses electrons more easily than
iron / sacrificial metal oxidised in preference to iron / sacrificial metal more
reactive than iron (1)
Paint / oil / tin / zinc – stops oxygen and/or water reaching surface of iron (1)
Alloy – iron surrounded by layer of chromium oxide (1)
(iii) Has a (protective) layer of (aluminium) oxide (1) [3]
[Total: 14]
© UCLES 2010
Section B
B6 (a) Boiling point / boiling temperature [1]
(b) C12H26 [1]
(c) N2 + O2 2NO [1]

Any two from:
28 kg of nitrogen makes 60 kg of NO [1]
55 kg of nitrogen makes 117.8 kg of NO [1]
ALLOW ecf from wrong equation.
If N2 + O2 NO the answer will be 58.9 kg
(d) (i) 2SO2 + O2 2SO3 [1]
(ii) NO is regenerated at the end / NO is not used up [1]

NO is unchanged is not sufficient
(e) NO reduced to N2 because it loses oxygen or gains electrons [1]

ALLOW reference to decrease in oxidation number
CO oxidised because it gains oxygen or loses electrons to form CO2 [1]
ALLOW reference to increase in oxidation number
(f) 9.03 × 1024 [1]
[Total: 10]
B7 (a) Butyne / but-1-yne / but-2-yne [1]

Answer on the line takes precedence
(b) The displayed formula for CH3CCH [1]

ALLOW CH3CCH providing triple bond is clearly shown
(c) (i) 60 – 85 °C [1]

(ii) C6H10 [1]

(d) (i) Bond breaking takes in energy and bond forming releases energy (1)
More energy is released than taken in (1) Second marking point is dependent
on first marking point [2]
(ii) Moles of C2H2 = 41.7 (1)

but
Energy released = 58750 kJ (2) ALLOW ecf mole × 1410 [2]
© UCLES 2010
(e) (i) C2H2Br2 / C2H2Br4 [1]
(ii) Orange to colourless / decolourised [1]

ALLOW any of the following for original colour of bromine red-brown, brown,
orange or yellow but not red.
[Total: 10]
B8 (a) (i) Position of equilibrium moves to the right [1]

ALLOW (percentage) yield of product increases / amount of reactant decreases
Because reaction is exothermic [1]
(ii) Position of equilibrium moves to the left (1) ALLOW (percentage) yield of
product decreases / amount of reactant increases
More gas molecules or right hand side / less gas molecules on the left hand
side (1) [2]
(b) Moles of ammonia = 5.88 × 106 (1)

Moles of nitrogen monoxide = 5.33 × 106 / mass of NO is 176 tonnes (1)
% yield = 90.7 – 90.9 / ALLOW 91 / ALLOW ecf (1) [3]
Award all three marks for correct % yield with no working out
(c) (i) Use of titration (1)

(careful) evaporation / leave to evaporate / put over a boiling water bath (1) [2]
NOT heat over a Bunsen to dryness
(ii) N2O [1]
[Total: 10]
B9 (a) bacterial decay of organic matter / methane hydrate / from cows / pig manure /
marshes / swamps, etc. [1]
(b) Any two from:

Sea-level rising / flooding of low lying area / water levels rising (1)
Polar ice melting / ice caps melting / glaciers melting (1)
Climate changes / (some) areas will have (severe) droughts (1) [2]
NOT reference to ozone layer
(c) Methane percentage is increasing (1)

Idea that 30 × % of methane is more than % of carbon dioxide / the overall greenhouse
effect of methane is greater than that of carbon dioxide (1) [2]
(d) Structure correct [1]

ALLOW all dots or all crosses
© UCLES 2010
(e) (Weak) intermolecular force / weak forces between molecules / simple molecules /
simple covalent [1]
NOT just weak bonds
(f) CO2 + 4H2 CH4 + 2H2O [1]
(g) Substitution (1)

Any two from:
HCl / hydrogen chloride (1)
CH3Cl / chloromethane (1)
CH2Cl2 / dichloromethane (1)
CHCl3 / trichloromethane (1)
CCl4 / tetrachloromethane (1) [2]
ALLOW carbon tetrachloride
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2010
GCE Ordinary Level

5070 CHEMISTRY
examination.
syllabuses.
A1 (a) (i) ethene [1]
(ii) sodium iodide [1]
(iii) ammonium sulfate [1]
(iv) nitrogen(IV) oxide [1]
(v) calcium oxide [1]
(vi) calcium oxide [1]
(b) substance containing two (or more) elements / different atoms combined/ bonded / joined [1]
REJECT: references to a mixture
(c) ions cannot move / in fixed position in solid / in lattice; [1]

IGNORE: charged particles
NOT: strong electrostatic forces between ions
REJECT: reference to electrons
ions can move in solution / are mobile in solution [1]
NOT: ions free
REJECT: reference to electrons
[Total: 9]
A2 (a) C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 [1]

ALLOW: C2H6O for ethanol
(b) fermentation [1]

REJECT: fermentation + respiration
(c) speed increases from 20oC / (at lower temperatures) speed increases as temperature
increases then decreases / at high(er) temperatures speed decreases (as temperatures
increase) / slower OR stops at high(er) temperatures [2]
(d) initial gradient greater and starts at 0,0; [1]

finishes at same final volume [1]
[Total: 6]
A3 (a) nitrogen 79% and oxygen 20% [1]
(b) (i) atoms of same element / same proton number / same atomic number with different
numbers of neutrons / nucleons / mass number [1]
NOT: atoms with different numbers of neutrons
(ii) 18 electrons and 22 neutrons [1]
© UCLES 2009
(c) (i) TiCl4 + 4Na → Ti + 4NaCl [1]

(ii) to prevent the sodium oxidising/ to prevent oxygen reacting with the sodium [1]
ALLOW: air in place of oxygen
NOT: argon is unreactive
(d) divide by correct relative atomic mass; [1]

Xe = 9.825/131; O = 1.2/16; F = 5.7/19
Xe = 0.075; O = 0.075 ; F = 0.3
correct ratio from this division;
Xe = 1; O = 1 ; F = 4 [1]
ALLOW: ecf from step 1
correct formula XeOF4 (any order) [1]
[Total: 8]
A4 (a) (reacts with water to) produce hydroxide ions / proton acceptor
hydrogen ion acceptor [1]
ALLOW: hydroxide ions produced
NOT: reacts with water unqualified / it is an alkali / pH more than 7
(b) (grey)-green precipitate [1]

NOT: grey precipitate / blue-green precipitate / yellow green ppt
(c) moles methylamine = 6.2/31 = 0.2; [1]

IGNORE: units
volume of methylamine = 0.2 × 24 = 4.8 dm3 [1]

ALLOW: ecf
ACCEPT: 4.8 alone
NOT: 4.8 cm3
(d) (i) substance which speeds up a reaction [1]

ALLOW: substance which changes the speed / rate of reaction
(ii) 32 (g) of methanol → 31 (g) methylamine; [1]

240 kg methanol → 232.5 kg / 232 500 g methylamine; [1]
ALLOW: 232.5 / 233
NOT: 232.5 g
ALLOW: ecf from wrong molar masses
or using moles
240 kg methanol = 240 000 / 32 = 7500 mol;
7500 mol methanol → 7500 × 31 = 232.5 kg / 232 500 g;
ALLOW: 232.5
NOT: 232.5 g
NOT: 240 (kg)
ALLOW: ecf from wrong molar masses
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2009
A5 (a) 2KBr + Cl2 → 2KCl + Br2 [1]

ALLOW: ionic equation / multiples
(b) (acidified) potassium dichromate; [1]

ALLOW: (acidified) potassium manganate(VII) / potassium permanganate
turns green; [1]
ALLOW: (for permanganate) turns colourless / decolourises
IGNORE: starting colour
(c) density: ALLOW 2 to 4 (actual is 3.12); [1]

boiling point: ALLOW 20 –120 (actual is 59) [1]
(d) explanation of evaporation e.g. particles (or molecules) with a lot of energy leave the liquid /
bromine particles break free from each other / forces or bonds between bromine molecules
broken; [1]
ALLOW: particles (or molecules) of bromine escape from liquid
NOT: particles evaporate
diffusion / diffuse; [1]
REJECT: Brownian motion
explanation of diffusion involving qualified movement of molecules / particles
e.g. random movement of molecules / molecules move anywhere / molecules in (constant)
collisions / particles disperse / particles travel throughout the room / constant motion of the
bromine particles; [1]
IGNORE: molecules move from area of high concentration to low concentration / particles
move to the other side of the room
[Total: 8]
A6 (a) it / ozone absorbs OR traps ultra violet radiation / it absorbs ultraviolet light; [1]
ALLOW: uv for ultraviolet
ALLOW: protects against uv rays / prevents uv rays getting to (Earth’s) surface / blocks uv
rays
(too much) ultra violet radiation can cause skin cancer / cataracts; [1]
ALLOW: uv is harmful to skin / causes skin burns
(b) 2O3 → 3O2 [1]

(c) (i) rose from early 1980’s to 1988 / just before 1990; [1]
ALLOW: rose to 1987 OR1989 / rose to just before 1990
ALLOW: there was an increase in CFCs in the 1980’s
ALLOW: rose to a peak in 1988
NOT: increased until 1990
then declined / lowers OR decreases after 1987 or 1988 or 1989 / from the end of the
1980’s [1]
© UCLES 2009
(ii) Any 2 sensible suggestions which include relevant dates e.g:

• relates drop in amount of ozone between 1980 and 1988 to increase in CFC
production;
• level of ozone from 1998 to 2002 has slightly increased when CFC production had
remained low or decreased
• CFC production dropped significantly from 1988 to 1998 but so did the amount of
ozone;
• level of ozone from 1998 to 2006 has been very variable and no definite correlation
with decrease CFC production [2]
[Total: 7]
B7 (a) ANY 4 of:

• power source / battery connected to electrodes dipping in electrolyte;
ALLOW: from diagram
REJECT: wrong electrolyte / carbon electrodes
• anode impure copper and cathode pure copper;
• cathode increases in size / mass and anode decreases in size / mass;
ALLOW: copper deposits on cathode and removed from anode
• cathode reaction: Cu2+ + 2e– → Cu;
ALLOW: e for electron / –2e on right
• anode reaction: Cu → Cu2+ + 2e– [4]
ALLOW: e for electron / –2e on left
NOTE: both equations correct but anode reaction and cathode reaction the wrong way round
gains 1 mark only
(b) (i) 4OH– → 2H2O + O2 + 4e– [1]

ALLOW: 4OH– – 4e– → 2H2O + O2
ALLOW: multiples
(ii) copper ions in solution not replaced / reduction in amount of copper ions available; [1]
NOT: anode is not copper
NOT: because the copper is being used up
NOT: because copper ions are reduced to copper at the cathode
(c) (i) 1 mark for each catalyst with its correct product:
e.g. iron for making ammonia / ALLOW: iron oxide
nickel for making margarine / hydrogenation of alkenes / making alkanes
vanadium(V) oxide for making sulfur trioxide / sulfuric acid [2]
ALLOW: vanadium oxide NOT: wrong oxidation state
ALLOW: platinum for SO3 / sulfuric acid / nitric acid
NOT: for Haber process / for Contact process
(ii) any two properties of transition metals other than catalyst e.g.
variable oxidation number OR variable oxidation state OR form more than one sort of ion
/ variable valency
form coloured compounds or coloured ions
form complex ions
ALLOW: high density
ALLOW: high melting or high boiling points [2]
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2009
B8 (a) orange / red / brown colour of bromine; [1]

decolorised / goes colourless (when fumaric acid added); [1]
REJECT: becomes discoloured
(C4H4O4 + Br2 →) C4H4O4 Br2 /

(HO2CH = CHCO2H + Br2 →) –CHBr——CHBr– [1]
ALLOW: from altered diagram
(b) moles sodium hydroxide = 0.018 × 0.2 = 3.6 × 10–3; [1]

moles fumaric acid = ½ answer to first mark; [1]
ALLOW: ecf
concentration of fumaric acid = (1000/60 × answer to second mark)

[(1000/60) × 1.8 × 10–3] = 0.03 mol/ dm3 [1]
ALLOW: ecf
OR
C1V1 0.2 × 18
= (1 mark for working as shown)
C 2 V2 C 2 × 60
C1V1 n1 0.2 × 18 2
= = (2 marks for working as shown)
C 2 V2 n 2 C 2 × 60 1
Correct answer = 3rd mark
(c) polyester [1]
(d) clothing / ropes / fishing lines / fishing nets / stockings / parachutes / toothbrush (bristles) /
balloons / guitar strings / racquet strings / petrol tanks [1]
ALLOW: fabrics
IGNORE: fibres without qualification
(e) Any two environmental problems e.g.

• burning causes poisonous or harmful fumes / acidic fumes
NOT: references to carbon dioxide / soot / pollution
• fills up landfill sites / not enough landfill sites / difficulty to store waste
• litter / just thrown away / eyesore
• trap animals or birds / harms organisms in sea ALLOW: harms or kills wildlife
• blocks drains OR streams [2]
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2009
B9 (a) Any two of:

• carbon dioxide + water (combine);
• to form glucose + oxygen;
• in presence of chlorophyll / sunlight [2]
ALLOW: information from word equation or symbol equation with correct formulae
(b) correct dot and cross diagram for carbon dioxide

i.e. 4 bonding electrons between carbon and each oxygen and 4 non bonded electrons on
each oxygen [1]
(c) (i) C8H18 + 12½ O2 → 8CO2 + 9H2O (or multiple of this) [1]
(ii) carbon dioxide (produced) is a greenhouse gas / carbon dioxide is responsible for
global warming
ALLOW: increased carbon dioxide levels lead to stated effect of climate change e.g.
melting of polar ice / glaciers / desertification / rise in sea levels etc [1]
REJECT: statements about linking global warming / carbon dioxide to ozone layer
(d) (i) amount of bicarbonate decreases / more carbonate forms; [1]

ALLOW: more water forms / more carbon dioxide forms
ALLOW: concentration of bicarbonate decreases / concentration of carbonate / water /
carbon dioxide increases
position of equilibrium moves to the left / reaction moves in the in direction of decreasing
concentration / when conditions in equilibrium changed the equilibrium shifts to oppose
the change OWTTE ; [1]
(ii) any Group I carbonate / ammonium carbonate [1]

ACCEPT: hydrogencarbonates / correct formulae
(e) Any 2 of:

• sulfur dioxide in flue gases from burning of fossil fuels / named fossil fuel;
NOT: removes sulfur dioxide from atmosphere
• sulphur dioxide reacts with calcium carbonate
• to form calcium sulfite (+ carbon dioxide);
• calcium sulfite reacts (with oxygen and water) to form calcium sulfate;
• removal of sulfur dioxide fuels reduces acid rain / reduces sulfur dioxide in atmosphere /
sulfur dioxide causes acid rain
• removal of sulfur dioxide reduces named effect of acid rain / sulfur dioxide causes e.g.
respiratory difficulties / acidification of lakes / erodes buildings or bridges / kills trees /
kills animals or plant in rivers or ponds [2]
NOT: kills plants or animals in seas / kills marine life
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2009
B10 (a) haematite / limonite / magnetite / siderite [1]
(b) Any 3 of:

• calcium carbonate / limestone decomposes to calcium oxide;
• calcium oxide reacts with silica / silicon dioxide / sand (in the ore);
• calcium oxide is basic so reacts with acidic impurities;
• to form a slag / calcium silicate (this mark consequential on either of the two above);
• silicates / impurities would clog up the blast furnace if not removed [3]
(c) energy needed to break the bonds (in carbon and oxygen) / bond breaking is endothermic; [1]
energy released on forming bonds in CO2 / bond forming is exothermic; [1]
more energy involved in bond making than bond breaking / more energy released than
absorbed [1]
(d) Fe2O3+ 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2 [1]

Fe2O3 + 3C → 2Fe + 3CO [1]
(e) remove (some) carbon / blow oxygen through (the molten iron) / react it with oxygen / use a
basic oxygen converter [1]
NOT: use a furnace / use a converter
NOT: adding other metals to form stainless steel / alloys
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2009
GCE Ordinary Level

5070 CHEMISTRY
examination.
Section A
A1 (a) Vandium(V) oxide / V2O5 / vanadium oxide ; [1]

NOT: MnO2
ALLOW: vanadium
(b) copper(II) chloride / CuCl2 / copper chloride / copper ; [1]
(c) ethanoic acid / ethanoic / correct formula ; [1]
(d) potassium dichromate(VI) / (potassium) dichromate / correct formula ; [1]

NOT: potassium
(e) chlorine / (potassium) dichromate(VI) / manganese(IV) oxide ; [1]

ALLOW: (concentrated) sulfuric acid
[Total: 5]
A2 (a) weak forces between layers / van der Waals forces between layers ; [1]
ALLOW: weak bonds between layers
NOT: the forces are weak / has weak forces between atoms
NOT: no forces / bonds between layers
NOT: has layers and weak forces
NOT: weak forces between molecules
NOT: weak electrostatic forces between layers
layers can slide / slip ; [1]

NOT: atoms slide over each other
(b) no mobile / no moving electrons / no delocalised electrons / [1]

(all) electrons in covalent bonds ;
ALLOW: no free electrons / no sea of electrons
IGNORE: no ions
(c) Any two of: [2]

• hard
IGNORE: strong / tough
• high melting point
IGNORE: high boiling point
• lots of strong (covalent) bonds
ALLOW: giant structure of strong bonds
ALLOW: has strong bonds throughout
ALLOW: all the bonds are difficult to break / takes a lot of energy to break all the
bonds
ALLOW: ideas of all the atoms held together strongly
NOT: has covalent bonds / has strong bonds (without qualification)
NOT: rigid arrangement of tetrahedral structure
NOT: strong forces of attraction between atoms / strong electrostatic forces
[Total: 5]
© UCLES 2009
A3 (a) (i) anode: oxygen / O2 ; [1]

NOT: O
cathode: copper / Cu ; [1]
ions: H+, OH–, SO42– ; [1]
(all three needed for the mark)
(ii) hydrogen lower in reactivity series (than sodium) / [1]

hydrogen lower in discharge series (than sodium) /
easier to reduce hydrogen ions (than sodium) /
hydrogen ions gain electrons more easily ;
ALLOW: it is lower in reactivity series
NOT: hydrogen is easier to discharge (than sodium)
(iii) chloride ions lower in discharge series than hydroxide ions/ [1]
idea of selective discharge of chloride ions/
chloride ion concentration greater than hydroxide ion concentration ;
NOT: reference to chlorine / chlorine ions
NOT: lower in discharge series than oxygen
NOT: chloride ions lower in reactivity than hydroxide
(b) (i) purification of copper/ [1]

making high grade copper/
IGNORE: uses of copper / for coating metals / for electroplating
(ii) temperature: no effect / no change [1]

current: increasing current increases mass (of copper) ORA [1]
ALLOW: mass proportional to current
ALLOW: increase of 1 amp doubles the mass
time: increasing time increases mass (of copper) ORA [1]
ALLOW: mass proportional to time
ALLOW: with the passage of time mass increases
[Total: 9]
A4 (a) Charges: neutron = 0 / zero / none AND

proton = + / plus 1 / +1 ; [1]
Relative mass: electron = 0 / negligible / 1/1840 / 1/2000 / 0.0005 AND

neutron = 1 / one [1]
11
(b) B
5 [2]
1 mark for correct nucleon and proton number as shown ;
1 mark for correct symbol ;
(c) 5 electrons in two shells AND 5 protons shown ; [1]

number of neutrons other than 6 ; [1]
ALLOW: between 3 and 10 neutrons
[Total: 6]
© UCLES 2009
A5 (a) each of 4 chlorine atoms bonded to carbon by pair of electrons ; [1]

rest of structure correct i.e. 6 unbonded electrons on each chlorine ; [1]
(b) Ca2+ as 2,8,8 and Cl – as 2,8,8 in diagram or as numbers ; [1]

correct charges at top right of each structure ; [1]
ALLOW: correct ions shown as Ca2+ and Cl –
[Total: 4]
A6 (a) KNO3 / Ca(NO3)2 / Fe(NO3)2 ; [1]
(b) acidic because H+ / hydrogen ions present ; [1]

(both acidic and hydrogen ions needed)
NOT: hydrogen and nitrate ions
(c) moles = 25 × 0.450 = 11.25 / 11.3 / 11 ; [1]

mass = 56 × 11.25 = 630 (g) ; [1]
(d) (grey-) green precipitate ; [1]

of iron(II) hydroxide ; [1]
NOT: iron(III) hydroxide / ppt of iron / ppt due to iron(II) ions
white precipitate / ppt of calcium hydroxide formed ; [1]
ALLOW: idea of calcium hydroxide precipitate masked / cannot be seen
NOT: white ppt dissolves in excess
(e) add (excess) sodium hydroxide (solution) ; [1]

add aluminium / Dervarda’s alloy ; [1]
heat / warm ; [1]
gas given off turns (moist) red litmus blue/ [1]
ALLOW: ammonia gas given off /
NOT: smelly gas given off
NOTE: this mark is consequential on both the reagents Al and sodium hydroxide being
correct
OR
mix solution with (freshly made) iron(II) sulfate (solution) ; (1 mark)
add concentrated sulfuric acid ; (1 mark)
idea of making layer of sulfuric acid over the solution / idea of two layers ; (1 mark)
brown ring (at interface) ; (1 mark)
NOTE: this mark is consequential on both the reagents being correct but sulfuric acid
does not have to be concentrated
[Total: 11]
© UCLES 2009
A7 (a) correct structure of chloroethene ; [1]

ALLOW: CH2=CHCl
NOT: CH2CHCl
(b) (i) 2 – C2H3Cl – + 5O2 → 2HCl + 4CO2 + 2H2O [1]

ALLOW: multiples / fractions
(ii) calcium chloride ; [1]

ALLOW: CaCl2
(c) correct name of condensation polymer ; [1]

correct use of the named polymer ; [1]
e.g. nylon (1)
clothing / fishing lines / fishing nets / ropes / stockings / parachutes / toothbrush
(bristles) / balloons / guitar strings / racquet strings / petrol tanks (1)
IGNORE: fibres without qualifications
polyester / terylene / mylar / PET (1)
terylene: clothing / sheets / pillowcases / furniture coverings / curtains / carpets /
ropes / sails / machinery belts
PET: bottles and any of the above
mylar: balloons
polyester: any of the above (1)
IGNORE: fibres without qualifications
Kevlar (1)
bullet proof vests / canoes / racquets / car tyres (as composite) (1)
IGNORE: fabrics / textiles / fibres without qualifications
[Total: 5]
© UCLES 2009
Section B
B8 (a) crude oil / petroleum heated in fractionating column / idea of fractional distillation ; [1]
NOT: ideas of simple distillation / reference to distillation in the lab
Any one of:
• separated according to different boiling point (from other fractions) / fractions have
different boiling points / has specific range of boiling points ;
NOT: incorrect references to petrol e.g. petrol has the lowest boiling points so
comes off at the top
• separated according to size of molecules (from other fractions) / fractions have
different chain lengths ;
• petrol made by cracking of long chained hydrocarbons / gas oil / kerosene ;
• equation showing cracking [1]
(b) (i) 10 800 g / 10.8 kg [1]
(ii) moles carbon dioxide = 10 800 / 44 = 245.45 ; [1]

moles octane = 245.45 / 8 = 30.68 ; [1]
ALLOW: 1 mark for showing division of moles of carbon dioxide by 8 or 16/2 Mr of
octane 114 ; [1]
Mass of octane = 114 × 30.68 = 3497.5 (g) / 3498 (g) / 3500 (g) [1]
ALLOW: 1 mark for multiplying moles of octane by 114 with correct answer for that
calculation.
(c) CO converted to carbon dioxide ; [1]

NO / nitrogen oxide(s) converted to nitrogen ; [1]
ALLOW: CO + NO → CO2 + ½N2 = 2 marks (even if not correctly balanced)
(d) acid rain / effect of acid rain/ smog ; [1]

IGNORE: breathing difficulties / irritation of nose and throat
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2009
B9 (a) Any three of: (1 mark each) [3]

• have general formula / each member differs by CH2 group / by Mr of 14
• have same functional group
• have similar chemical properties
• physical properties show a trend / example of physical property showing trend e.g.
boiling points increase with longer carbon chain
(b) (i) any value between 105 and 130°C (actual = 117°C) [1]
(ii) C6H13OH [1]
(c) (i) C2H4 + H2O → C2H5OH [1]

(ii) addition [1]

ALLOW: hydration / additional
NOT: exothermic
(d) use of moles e.g. 180 g glucose → 2 × 46 or 92 g ethanol [1]

OR
100 moles glucose (18000 / 180) → 200 moles ethanol ;
theoretical yield calculated e.g. 18 kg glucose → 9.2 kg ethanol [1]

OR
200 × 46 = 9200 g ethanol ;
% yield calculated e.g. 100 × 0.92/9.2 = 10% ; [1]
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2009
B10 (a) Correct Mr values: (NH4)2SO4 = 132 AND KNO3 = 101 ; [1]
% N in (NH4)2SO4 (2 × 14 / 132) = 21.2% / 21.21% ; [1]

OR
mass of N in 500 g = 500 × 28/132 = 106.1 g
% N in KNO3 (14 / 101) = 13.9% / 13.86% ; [1]

OR
Mass N in 500 g KNO3 = 500 × 14/ 101 = 69.3 g
overall percentage = 17.6% / 17.5(5)% / ; [1]

ALLOW: 18 %
(b) Any three from: (one mark each) [3]

• rapid growth of algae / water weeds / algal bloom
ALLOW: rapid growth of (green) plants
NOT: plants grow, unqualified (must be increased/ rapid etc)
• blocks (sun)light so plants die
• bacterial growth increases
• bacteria use up oxygen
NOT: algae / plants use up oxygen
• aquatic life dies / aquatic animals die / fish die because of lack of oxygen
NOT: marine organisms die
(c) add potassium carbonate solution / potassium hydroxide (solution) ; [1]

titration / description of titration AND repeat titration without indicator ; [1]
ALLOW: titration with indicator then remove indicator with charcoal
crystallise / description of crystallisation AND dry with filter paper / [1]
evaporate off some water AND dry in oven / put in oven to allow evaporation of water /
allow water to evaporate completely / boil off all the water
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2009
B11 (a) (i) Electrons lost/ oxidation number (of iron) increases / oxidation number goes from 0
to +2 ; [1]
NOT: incorrect oxidation numbers
(ii) Fe2+(aq) + 2OH–(aq) → Fe(OH)2(s) [2]

correct balanced equation = 1 mark
correct state symbols = 1 mark
(mark for state symbols dependent on correct formulae)
(b) (i) stops water from getting to the surface (of the iron) / [1]
stops oxygen getting to surface (of the iron) /
stops oxygen / water getting to the iron /
stops air getting to the iron /
ALLOW: acts as a protective barrier / layer
NOT: ideas about sacrificial protection
NOT: tin does not react with water / air / tin less reactive than iron
(ii) with tin: oxygen / water can react with the iron (where it is scratched) ; [1]
NOT: iron more reactive than tin
with zinc any two of: [2]
• zinc more reactive than iron
NOT: zinc oxide protective layer
• zinc is sacrificial metal / idea of sacrificial protection i.e. zinc corrodes more
readily than iron / zinc reacts first
NOT: zinc rusts more readily than iron
• zinc loses electrons more readily than iron
NOT: zinc displaces iron
(c) has layer of (aluminium) oxide that will not flake off / [1]
layer of insoluble / unreactive (aluminium) oxide /
layer of impermeable (aluminium) oxide / protective oxide layer /
NOT: oxide coating without further qualification
NOT: forms a protective layer with oxygen
(d) correct use ; [1]

e.g. drink cans / car bodies / aircraft bodies / high voltage electricity cables /
cooking foil / window frames / ladders /
ALLOW: cooking utensils / mirrors (as does not corrode)
NOT: for cutlery
correct explanation related to specific use stated ; [1]
e.g. drinks cans → will not react with water / acids
car bodies → will not corrode
aircraft bodies → lightweight / low density
electricity cables → lightweight / good conductor of electricity
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2009
GCE Ordinary Level
5070 CHEMISTRY
indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began.
All Examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in
candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills
demonstrated.
examination.
syllabuses.
Section A
A1 (a) (i) P [1]
(ii) He [1]
(iii) Cl [1]
(iv) N/P/As [1]
(v) Ni [1]
(vi) S and O (both needed for 1 mark) [1]

ALLOW: N and O (1 mark)
[Total: 6]
A2 (a) any two of:

• carbon dioxide disappears or vaporises
ALLOW: carbon dioxide melts/carbon dioxide block decreases in size/hole in block gets
deeper
• black powder/black solid formed/black smuts/black fumes/sooty
ALLOW: black gas/black smoke
• white powder/white solid formed/white fumes
ALLOW: white gas
• bright light/flame
IGNORE: flame colour [2]
NOTE: greyish fumes/solid/powder/gas = 2 marks
(b) to stop Mg reacting with air (or oxygen)/to stop side reactions/to stop air getting in [1]
NOT: to stop oxidation of magnesium/to increase rate of reaction
(c) low temperature/the cold(ness)/it is cold/it is –60 °C [1]

NOT: surface area/temperature
(d) 2 × 24 g → 810 kJ
2 g → 810 × 2/(2 × 24) =
33.75 (kJ)
OR
moles Mg = 2/24 = 0.083333
810 × 0.083333/2 = 33.75 [2]
correct answer without working scores 2
1 mark for use of moles i.e. 2/24 or 2 × 24
2 marks for correct answer
ALLOW: 33.8/34
33.7/34.0/33.6 (from rounding up 0.083333) = 1 mark ONLY
67.5 = 1 mark ONLY
© UCLES 2008
(e) magnesium in excess (no marks on its own)

• Mg 6/24 = 0.25 mol CO2 4.4/44 = 0.1mol (1 mark)
• 2 moles Mg needed to 1 of CO2/recognition of this/division by two or 2:1 ratio shown
(1 mark) [2]
OR 2 × 24 g magnesium → 44 g carbon dioxide (1 mark)
so 6 g magnesium gives 6 × 44/48 = 5.5 g carbon dioxide (1 mark)
(or reverse argument for carbon dioxide to calculate mass of magnesium)
(f) energy taken in to break bonds and energy given out in making bonds/
bond-breaking is endothermic and bond-making exothermic
more energy released than absorbed [2]
more energy released in bond-making than absorbed in bond-breaking ORA = 2 marks
[Total: 10]
A3 (a) methane/CH4
carbon dioxide/CO2 [2]
(b) correct structure of butanoic acid [1]

ALLOW: condensed structural formula or mixture of condensed and displayed formulae
ALL hydrogen atoms must be shown.
(c) (i) speeds up the reaction [1]

ALLOW: reduces time taken for the reaction (to complete)
ALLOW: reduces activation energy
ALLOW: makes oil quicker
NOT: changes/alters rate of reaction
(ii) C22H22O2 + 26½O2 → 22CO2 + 11H2O

or multiples
(1 for correct reactants and products, 1 for balance) [2]
REJECT: if additional products/reactants
[Total: 6]
A4 (a) potassium chlorate is oxidant and P is reductant (1 mark)

ALLOW: oxygen/chlorine is oxidant and P is reductant
one of:
potassium chlorate loses oxygen/
phosphorus removes oxygen from potassium chlorate/
phosphorus gains oxygen/
potassium chlorate/chlorine/chlorate gains electrons/
phosphorus loses electrons/
oxidation number of phosphorus increases
oxidation number of chlorine (ALLOW: of potassium chlorate) decreases
ALLOW: increases/decreases in oxidation numbers in correct direction (numbers need not
be correct) [2]
© UCLES 2008
(b) (i) P2O5 + H2O → 2HPO3 [1]

ALLOW: multiples
(ii) effervescence/bubbling; NOT: carbon dioxide given off

turns red/pink [2]
(c) Sb2S3/S3Sb2 [1]

NOT: Sb4S6
[Total: 6]
A5 (a) (i) (thermal) decomposition [1]

NOT: endothermic
(ii) it is (a) basic (oxide)/it is a base/it is (an) alkaline oxide [1]

ALLOW: it is alkaline/an alkali (in solution)/has a high pH (when it reacts with
water)/forms hydroxide ions (when reacts with water)
NOT: it contains hydroxide ions
NOT: answers about effect on plant growth
(b) (i) CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2 [1]

(ii) any three of:

• pH increases inside beam ORA/
• carbon dioxide (in solution) is slightly acidic/
• on the surface CO2 reacts with neutralises Ca(OH)2 OR implication that pH neutral
on the surface/
• reaction of carbon dioxide with calcium hydroxide reduces alkalinity (or lowers pH)/
• further inside (beam), less (or no) CO2/little or no reaction (of carbon dioxide) with
calcium hydroxide inside (beam)/
• crack allows carbon dioxide to enter the inside of the beam/
• near crack alkalinity less/pH lower OWTTE [3]
© UCLES 2008
(iii) moles HCl = 0.04 × 18/1000 = 7.2 × 10–4

(1 mark for showing 0.04 × 18/1000 (or 7.2 × 10–4 without working))
2 moles HCl ≡ 1 mole Ca(OH)2 (or implication of this i.e. 3.6 × 10–4)
(1 mark for indication in any way of correct 2:1 ratio i.e. ½ value of answer to 1st part of
calculation)
concentration Ca(OH)2 = 3.6 × 10–4 × 1000/25 = 0.0144 (mol/dm3) [3]

correct answer without working = 3 marks
apply error carried forward between the parts
ALLOW: 0.014 NOT: 0.015
alternatively:
C1 × V1 0.04 × 18
= (1 mark)
C2 × V2 C2 × 25
C1 × V1 n1 0.04 × 18 2
= = (2 marks)
C2 × V2 n2 C 2 × 25 1
Correct answer from this = (3rd mark)
[Total: 9]
A6 (a) (i) to kill bacteria/to kill micro-organisms/to kill germs [1]

ALLOW: to disinfect the water/to sterilise the water
NOT: to kill viruses/to kill algae/to kill bugs
NOT: to clean the water/to make the water clear
(ii) sulphur dioxide/sulphite(s)/named sulphite [1]

ALLOW: (calcium) hypochlorite//chlorate(I)/hydrogen peroxide
ALLOW: correct formulae
NOT: bleaching powder
(b) two or more units polymerised with continuation bonds

ALLOW: correct structure with brackets, continuation bonds and ‘n’ at bottom right [1]
(c) any two of:

• aluminium oxide dissolves (in sodium hydroxide)/aluminium oxide forms a solution (in
sodium hydroxide)/aluminium oxide is soluble (in excess sodium hydroxide)/
• iron(III) oxide does not dissolve (in excess sodium hydroxide)/iron(III) oxide is insoluble
(in excess sodium hydroxide)
NOT: iron(III) forms a precipitate
• separate by filtration/allowing iron oxide to settle and drawing off solution/decanting
ALLOW: separate by centrifugation/use a centrifuge [2]
FOR ALL 3 points IGNORE: names of solids/solutions formed
(d) dissolves the aluminium oxide/alumina or

lowers melting point of the melt/aluminium oxide mixture OWTTE [1]
ALLOW: lowers the melting point of aluminium oxide
ALLOW: lowers the temperature at which electrolysis takes place
NOT: lowers the temperature (unqualified)
© UCLES 2008
(e) (aluminium) covered with (aluminium) oxide layer/there is (aluminium) oxide on the surface
ALLOW: protective layer formed by reaction with oxygen
NOT: wrong layer e.g. oxygen layer/layer of nitrogen
layer/aluminium oxide is unreactive/layer stops (chemical) reaction/protective layer formed
NOT: aluminium is unreactive [2]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2008
Section B
B7 (a) reactants on left and products on right and products at lower level than reactants
catalysed reaction curve lower than that for uncatalysed
ALLOW: two separate diagrams for catalysed and uncatalysed reactions as long as they are
to the same scale
enthalpy change correctly shown in words or as ∆H [3]
(b) (i) (fractional) distillation/fractionation/description of this i.e. gradually raising

temperature of liquefied air and collecting fractions
ALLOW: Linde process/double distillation [1]
(ii) any two of:

• cracking/steam reforming/
• high temperature/stated temperature ALLOW: 300–1000 °C/
NOT heat (unqualified)
• use of catalyst
ALLOW: the following specified substances without the word catalyst aluminium oxide/
zinc oxide/zeolites/copper/silicon dioxide/porous pot/correct symbols of formulae for
these
ALLOW: the word catalyst with incorrect catalyst e.g. catalyst of copper sulphate [2]
(c) (i) increase in pressure increases yield/moves the equilibrium to the right/increases
the forward reaction/decreases the back reaction/more products formed/more
ammonia formed OWTTE
number of moles fewer on right (than left)/number of moles greater on left (than right)/
(gas) volume smaller on right/(gas) volume larger on left/increased pressure favours side
with fewer moles or lower volume OWTTE [2]
(ii) decreases yield/moves the equilibrium to the left/more reactants/less ammonia formed
OWTTE
(forward) reaction is exothermic/reaction gives out energy/back reaction is endothermic
[2]
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2008
B8 (a) (i) any two of:

• chromatography paper (with bottom of paper) in solvent
ALLOW: diagram showing this with solvent clearly labelled and paper dipping into
solvent
ALLOW: named solvent
• spot of mixture put (on line)
ALLOW: diagram showing this
NOT: diagrams showing original spot/base line below solvent level
• allow solvent to move up paper/pigments are separated as they move (vertically)
up the paper
ALLOW: separated pigments on a diagram vertically aligned
NOT: single pigments originating from different spots on the base line [2]
(ii) distance spot moves ÷ distance of solvent front from base (starting) line
ALLOW: diagrams [1]
ALLOW: distance moved by substance ÷ distance moved by solvent
ALLOW: the ratio of the distance moved by the spot/substance to that moved by the
solvent
NOT: the ratio of the distance moved by the solvent to that moved by the spot/substance
(b) (i) it/X is a reducing agent or it/X gets oxidised or potassium manganate(VII) oxidises X
NOT: reference to colour changes
NOT: potassium manganate(VII) is an oxidising agent (unqualified)
(ii) it/X does not contain a (C=C) double bond/X is saturated
(iii) it/X is a weak acid

ALLOW: X is a weaker acid (than hydrochloric)/X is weak/is not strong compared with
hydrochloric acid [3]
NOT: X is not a strong acid
2.67/12 0.220/1 7.11/16 ( ÷ by correct A r )

(c) (i) C= H= O=
0.223 0.220 0.444 ( ÷ by lowest figure)
simplest ratio = CHO2 (any order) [3]
(ii) C2H2O4 [1]
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2008
B9 (a) breaking down/splitting up/decomposition

(of electrolyte/compound/substance)
by electricity/electric current [1]
ALLOW: causing a chemical reaction to occur by an electric current
ALLOW: producing elements (from compounds) by using an electric current
(b) (i) sodium, chloride, hydrogen, hydroxide (ALLOW: hydroxyl) (all 4 needed)
ALLOW: Na+, Cl –, H+ and OH– [1]
ALLOW: mixture of symbols and words
NOT: chlorine ions
(ii) 2Cl – → Cl2 + 2e– [1]

ALLOW 2e instead of 2e–
ALLOW: 2Cl – – 2e– → Cl2
(iii) hydrogen ions form hydrogen (gas)/hydrogen ions removed

hydroxide/OH– ions (remaining in solution) are alkaline OR hydroxide/OH– ions give high
pH/alkalinity caused by OH– ions [2]
NOT: hydroxide ions remain in solution (must be a link to pH)
(c) in solution ions can move

NOT: ions are free
ALLOW: ions carry the charge
REJECT: if reference to electrons moving
ions cannot move in solid/ions held together (by strong forces) [2]
IGNORE: electrons can’t move for this mark
NOT: ions not present
(d) (i) reflux ALLOW: heat/high temperature/boil/warm

ALLOW: temperature range of 30–200 °C
NOT: distil
(sulphuric) acid catalyst/sulphuric acid [2]
ALLOW: other named mineral acids/hydrogen ion catalyst
NOT: acid without qualification (otherwise confusion with the lactic acid)
NOT: catalyst (unqualified)
(ii) structure of lactic acid correct i.e. CH3CHOHCO2C2H5 [1]

ALLOW: RCO2C2H5
REJECT: if OH group altered
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2008
B10 (a) proton number = 53 in both isotopes AND electron number 53 in both
I-125 has 72 neutrons and I-131 has 78 neutrons (both needed) [2]
(b) suitable reagent e.g. (aqueous) chlorine/(aqueous) bromine/nitric acid/(potassium)

manganate(VII)/(potassium) permanganate/(sodium) dichromate/iron(III) ions
ALLOW: correct formulae
solution turns brown
ALLOW: solution turns yellow/orange [2]
IGNORE: colour of reagents at start
ALLOW: grey-black crystals or solid/grey crystals or solid/black crystals or solid
NOT: purple solution/iodine is formed
(c) Zn + I2 → Zn2+ + 2I– [2]

(1 mark for formulae, 1 mark for balance)
(d) (i) this is a level of response question:

3 of the following points = 2 marks
2 of the following points = 1 mark
1 or 0 of these points = 0 mark
• high melting or boiling points/
• high density/
• form coloured compounds/
ALLOW: form coloured ions
NOT: they are coloured/they form coloured solutions
• form ions with different charges/different valencies/multiple valencies
• form complex ions/
• catalysis/they (or their compounds) are good catalysts [2]
IGNORE: general metallic properties/hard
(ii) Ti2O3/O3Ti2 [1]

NOT: Ti4O6
(iii) TiCl4 + 2H2O → TiO2 + 4HCl [1]

ALLOW: multiples
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2008
GCE Ordinary Level
5070 CHEMISTRY
demonstrated.
examination.
A1 (a) carbon monoxide / CO [1]
(b) ammonia / NH3 [1]
(c) argon / Ar [1]
(d) carbon monoxide / CO [1]
(e) oxygen / O2 [1]

NOT: O
[Total: 5]
A2 (a) 36.8(%) / 36.8 / 37(%) (answer alone = 2 marks) (NOT 36%) [2]
Mr of iron(II) sulphate = 152 (for 1 mark)
(b) barium nitrate / other soluble barium salt e.g. barium chloride + nitric / hydrochloric acid [1]
NOT: barium hydroxide
white precipitate / solid [1]
IGNORE: incorrect name of precipitate
ALLOW: this mark if nitric acid missing from 1st marking point
(c) 4Fe2+ + O2 + 4H+ → 4Fe3+ + 2H2O

1 mark for correct reactants and products;
1 mark for correct balance [2]
(d) (i) orange to green [1]
(ii) green to yellow [1]

ALLOW: brown / orange / reddish brown
(e) (i) 0.00076 / 7.6 × 10-4 (moles) [1]
(ii) mols Fe2+ = 0.00456 [1]

ALLOW: 0.0046
mass of iron(II) ions = 0.255 /0.26 / 0.258 (g) [1]
ALLOW: error carried forward [i.e. answer to moles Fe2+ × 56]
[Total: 11]
© UCLES 2008
A3 (a) 43 protons + 43 electrons [1]

55 neutrons [1]
97
(b) any reasonable, correct, isotope e.g. Tc [1]
43
ALLOW: mass numbers from between 86 and 110
(c) same number of electrons and protons / same number of + and - charges; [1]
ALLOW: balance between the number of protons and electrons
electrons are - and protons are + [1]
NOT: charge on electron = to that on the proton
NOT: charge on electron and proton is opposite
(d) any TWO from:

• high melting point / boiling point;
• variable valency / oxidation state / (compounds) have ions with different charges;
• form coloured compounds / form coloured ions; [NOT: it is coloured / forms coloured
solution]
• high density;
• (compounds) form complex ions
• catalytic activity [2]
[Total: 7]
A4 (a) ethane / alkane: (bromine) stays orange / no (colour) change / stays the same; [1]
ALLOW: bromine colours of brown / red / orange
ethene / alkene: (bromine) decolourised / (orange) to colourless [1]
NOT: goes
(b) pair of electrons between the two carbons; [1]

6 correct shared pairs between carbons and 6 hydrogen atoms [1]
[independent marking points]
(c) C2H5Cl / C2H4Cl2 etc. (up to C2Cl6) [1]

ALLOW: any order of atoms
ALLOW: correct graphical / displayed formulae / dot and cross diagrams
ALLOW: HCl
(d) butene / butylene [1]

ALLOW: but-1-ene / but-2-ene / methylpropene
C4H8 [1]
NOT: CH3CH2CH2CH3 / graphical formulae
NOT: CnH2n
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2008
A5 (a) (i) P2O5 / P4O10 [1]
(ii) physical property: [1]

low melting point / low boiling point / electrical insulator or does not conduct
ALLOW: white in colour / solid
chemical property: [1]
acidic oxide / reacts with alkalis / reacts with bases / dissolves in water to form acid
NOT: it is an acid / dissolves in water
(b) 2KClO3 →2KCl + 3O2

1 mark for correct reactant and products;
1 mark for correct balance [2]
(c) S + O2 → SO2 [1]

(d) alkane and CnH2n+2 [1]

NOT: it fits a general formula
[Total: 7]
A6 (a) (i) volcanoes / treatment of sulphide ores [1]

ALLOW: bacterial oxidation / burning natural gas
IGNORE: unqualified burning fuels / from car engines / making sulphuric acid / from
smoke / from power stations
(ii) lightning / car engines / car exhausts / high temperature furnaces / explosives [1]
ALLOW: burning fuel in car
NOT: from cars unqualified
NOT: bacterial activity / from fertilizers
(ii) calcium nitrite / calcium nitrate or correct formulae [1]

IGNORE: incorrect oxidation numbers
(iii) Any one of:

• erodes buildings / reacts with buildings or statues [1]
ALLOW: corrodes buildings / eats away buildings
NOT: destroys buildings / damages buildings
• forest death / kills trees or plants / kills fish in lakes / acidifies lakes
ALLOW: damages / destroys crops
NOT: kills animals (unless in lakes / rivers)
• breathing difficulties in humans OWTTE
NOT: causes pollution / harmful (unless specified) / affects building or animals
© UCLES 2008
(c) • reactant on left and product on right and products above reactants; [1]
• correct arrow and label for activation energy (even if exothermic reaction drawn) [1]
• correct arrow and label for enthalpy change [1]
ALLOW: line in place of arrow
ALLOW: E for activation energy and 43 kJ for ∆H
IGNORE: direction of arrow
[Total: 8]
B7 (a) (solution) goes orange / red / brown [1]

NOT: goes yellow
Cl2 + 2Br - → Br2 + 2Cl - [1]
chlorine has gained electrons / it has gained electrons [1]
ALLOW: oxidation number of chlorine decreases / goes from 0 to -1
NOT: incorrect oxidation numbers
NOT: chloride has gained electrons
(b) dot and cross diagram of magnesium ion (ignore whether dots or crosses) [1]
with 2+ at top right / near top right
NOT: 2+ in nucleus
ALLOW: written as Mg2+ = 2.8
dot and cross diagram of chloride ion (ignore whether dots or crosses) [1]
with - at top right / near top right
ALLOW: only one chloride ion shown
ALLOW: written as Cl - = 2.8.8
NOT: - in nucleus
(c) • dissolve it / silver nitrate in water; [1]

ALLOW: use / add aqueous solution / from (aq) in equation
• add solution of soluble chloride / named soluble chloride / soluble chloride dissolved in
water / hydrochloric acid; [1]
ALLOW: hydrochloric acid alone without the word solution or dissolved in water
ALLOW: this mark if equation given with ALL state symbols correct
• filter; [1]
ALLOW: decant / centrifuge
• wash precipitate with water and leave water to evaporate / wash ppt with water and
leave to dry
ALLOW wash ppt with water and dry in an oven [1]
(d) depletion of ozone / destroys ozone (molecules) [1]

ALLOW: thins ozone layer / damages ozone layer / makes hole in ozone layer
ALLOW: increases greenhouse effect / greenhouse gas
NOT: increases risk / causes skin cancer
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2008
B8 (a) boiling point / volatility [1]

IGNORE: number of carbon atoms
(b) (i) breakdown of long chained hydrocarbons (into shorter / smaller chains); [1]
ALLOW: large for long chained; alkanes / carbon chains for hydrocarbons
ALLOW: converting long chained alkanes to alkenes
NOT: splitting larger fractions
NOT: breaking down larger substances / molecules / particles
by high temperature / stated temperatures in range 400–800oC; [1]
or by high temperature and catalyst / stated temperatures in range 200–800oC + catalyst
NOT: by heating / heat
ALLOW: aluminium oxide / silicon dioxide / zeolites in place of word ‘catalyst’
(ii) fractions which are less needed / exceed demand changed to those more needed / in
greater demand; [1]
ALLOW: idea of less useful fractions used to make more useful
NOT: larger fractions / alkanes to smaller alkanes
gas oil fraction converted to gasoline [1]
ALLOW: gas oil fraction converted to kerosene / petroleum gases
ALLOW: waxes converted to one of the above 3 fractions / waxes and bitumen
converted to one of the above 3 fractions
(c) (i) CH3CH=CH2 (minimum structure to show double bond) [1]
(ii) C15H32 → C3H6 + C12H26 [1]

ALLOW: other possible product apart from propene with correct balance
e.g. 2 C3H6 + C9H20 on right
(d) (i) react with steam and catalyst (both required) [1]
ALLOW: phosphoric acid (in place of the word ‘catalyst’)
ALLOW: water + temperature of above 100°C in place of steam
ALLOW: from correct equation with correct state symbols
NOT: fermentation
CH3CH2CH2OH / CH3CH(OH)CH3 (as minimum) [1]
ALLOW: full formula showing all atoms and bonds or mixtures of the two
(ii) – CH(CH3) – CH2 – CH(CH3) – CH2 – or full structural formula [1]

ALLOW: – [CH(CH3) – CH2]n –
[Total: 10]
B9 (a) H+ / H3O+ [1]

NOT: ‘hydrogen ions’
(b) (i) moles Mg (0.24 / 24) = 0.01 AND moles acid (2 × 5/1000) = 0.01 ; [1]
Mg in excess since requires 2 moles acid to 1 mole magnesium / because of 1:2 mole
ratio in equation [1]
(ii) moles MgCl2 (0.01/2) = 0.005; [1]

0.005 × 95 = 4.75 / 0.48 g [NOT: 0.4 (g)] [1]
ALLOW: error carried forward from directly above and from part (i)
© UCLES 2008
(iii) ANY 3 of: [3]

• same number of moles of each acid / same amount of replaceable hydrogen in each
acid / same number of hydrogen ions which react in each acid;
ALLOW: same concentration of each acid at the same volume
• hydrochloric acid is a strong acid and ethanoic acid is a weak acid / hydrochloric
acid is stronger than ethanoic acid ORA;
• hydrochloric acid fully ionised and ethanoic acid partially ionised
ALLOW: hydrochloric acid more ionised than ethanoic acid ORA
• higher concentration of hydrogen ions in hydrochloric acid / lower concentration of
hydrogen ions in ethanoic acid;
• more collisions per unit time / collision rate higher with hydrochloric than with
ethanoic acid ORA
(c) (i) 2CH3COOH + Na2CO3 → 2CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O [1]

ALLOW: correct ionic form for sodium ethanoate
(ii) bubbles/ effervescence [1]

ALLOW: tube gets hot / heat given off
ALLOW: sodium carbonate dissolves / disappears
NOT: gas given off / carbon dioxide given off
[Total: 10]
B10 (a) regular pattern of positive ions; [1]

+ 2+
ALLOW: + / X / X etc. for the positive ions
negative sign / e- / e dispersed amongst the ions [1]
IGNORE: inequality of numbers of electrons and + charges
NOT: electrons in clumps separated from positive ions
NOT: negative sign / e- / e in circles unless the circles are considerably smaller than the
positive ions
(b) electrons move / electrons are delocalised / sea of electrons [1]

NOT: electrons are free (unless qualified)
NOT: reference to free electrons in the outer shells / valency electrons if it implies that they
are still associated with particular atoms
(c) (i) reaction is faster [1]

ALLOW: larger surface area for reaction
NOT: reaction is fast (comparison needed)
(ii) moles hydrogen (0.072 / 24) = 0.003 [1]
mass zinc = 0.003 × 65 = 0.195 g [1]

ALLOW: error carried forward
(iii) 16.25% / 16.3% [1]

ALLOW: error carried forward from part (ii) to give values below 100%
© UCLES 2008
(d) three of: [3]

• (zinc gives) white precipitate (on addition of aqueous ammonia);
• (white) ppt dissolves in excess ammonia/gives colourless solution with excess ammonia;
• copper would give (light) blue ppt (on addition of aqueous ammonia);
ALLOW: ppt is not blue
• (if copper) (light) blue ppt would dissolve in excess ammonia/gives blue solution with
excess ammonia;
ALLOW: no blue solution formed with excess ammonia
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2008
GCE Ordinary Level
5070 CHEMISTRY
demonstrated.
examination.
syllabuses.
A1 (a) methane/CH4 [1]
(b) carbon dioxide/CO2 [1]
(c) ammonia/NH3 [1]
(d) carbon monoxide/CO [1]
(e) ammonia/NH3 [1]
(f) hydrogen/H2 [1]
A2 (a) ammonium chloride [1]

ALLOW: NH4Cl
NOT: ammonia chloride
(b) any 3 of the following: [3]

• evaporation of hydrogen chloride and ammonia molecules or particles from cotton wool/
• diffusion OR diffusing/
• explanation of diffusion e.g. particles/molecules in (constant) movement/
• molecules OR particles collide/
NOT: ions OR atoms collide/
• hydrogen chloride heavier (than ammonia) or reverse argument/
ALLOW: hydrogen chloride denser (than ammonia) or reverse argument/
• hydrogen chloride moves slower than ammonia or reverse argument/
(c) RMM of methylamine greater (than that of ammonia); [1]

ALLOW: methylamine is heavier/denser
ALLOW: ammonia is lighter
ALLOW: methylamine has a similar RMM to hydrochloric acid
methylamine moves slower than ammonia [1]
ALLOW: HCl/methylamine diffuse/move at similar rates
© UCLES 2007
A3 (a) 4 [1]
(b) (i) GenH2n+2 [1]
(ii)
H H
│ │
H — Ge — Ge — H
│ │
H H [1]
(iii) Mg2Ge + 4HCl → 2MgCl2 + GeH4 [1]
(c) reacts with (both) acids and bases/alkalis [1]

ALLOW: have acidic and basic properties
(d) add (aqueous) sodium hydroxide other soluble hydroxide/ammonia; [1]

grey-green/green precipitate/ppt/solid (both colour and ppt needed) [1]
A4 (a) any 2 of the following: [2]

• nanotubes have hexagons (of C atoms) & diamond has tetrahedrally arranged atoms
• nanotubes – each carbon bonded to 3 other carbons & diamond – each carbon bonded to 4
others;
• nanotubes have definite size to molecules OR are tubular & diamond has no fixed size/no
tubular structure
• nanotubes have delocalised electrons & diamond has no delocalised electrons
(b) Have strong bonds/have 3-dimensional structure of covalent bonds

throughout the structure/giant covalent lattice/giant covalent structure [1]
ALLOW: strong forces between atoms
NOT: ‘have covalent bonds’ without further clarification
(c) (i) graphite [1]
(ii) electrons can move/are mobile/are delocalised [1]

NOT: has free moving charges
(d) (i) full outer shell (of electrons)/can’t gain or lose electrons (easily)/outer shell has 8
electrons/has outer octet of electrons [1]
(ii) 20 [1]
(e) any two other properties of transition metals e.g.

form coloured compounds/variable valencies OR oxidation states/
form complex ions/high melting or boiling points (either)/high densities [2]
© UCLES 2007
A5 (a) chromatography; [1]

beaker/suitable receptacle with paper dipping into solvent and any two correct labels; [1]
paper dipping into solvent with origin line and/or lowest spot above solvent level [1]
(b) (i) C2H3O3 [1]
(ii) moles potassium hydroxide = 0.006 x 0.1 (6 x 10–4);

moles tartaric acid = ½ x answer to first mark (3 x 10–4);
concentration of tartaric acid = (1000/20) x answer to 2nd mark
= 1.5 x 10–2 (mol dm–3) [3]
OR suitable other method e.g. MaVa/n = MbVb/n;
M x 20/1 = 0.1 x 6/2;1.5 x 10–2 (mol dm–3)
(iii) (7.4/8) x 100 = 92.5 (%) [1]
A6 (a) 2KNO3 → 2KNO2 + O2 [1]
(b) acid rain/effect of acid rain or sulphur dioxide gas e.g. [1]
erodes buildings/reacts with buildings or statues/forest death/kills trees
or plants/kills fish (in lakes)/acidifies lakes breathing difficulties in humans
NOT: causes pollution/harmful (unless specified)
(c) large(r) surface area (with smaller particles)/surface area increased;

rate of reaction faster [2]
(d) add (aqueous) barium nitrate/lead nitrate;

white precipitate/solid (both white and ppt needed). [2]
(e) (i) (aqueous) potassium iodide;

goes brown/goes red-brown/iodine released
ALLOW: other possible examples with correct colour change [2]
e.g. iron(II) to iron(III); green to yellow
(ii) any of:

gain of electrons/decrease in oxidation number or state/oxidation state
goes from 5 to –1/loss of oxygen (from chlorate) [1]
© UCLES 2007
B7 (a) carbon monoxide converted to carbon dioxide/2CO + O2 → 2CO2;

nitrogen dioxide/other name nitrogen oxide(s) converted to nitrogen;
by reaction with carbon monoxide/hydrocarbons [3]
(for all three individual marks ALLOW: from correct formulae in equations even if equation)
(b) C7H16 + 11O2 → 7CO2 + 8H2O [1]
(c) ÷ by correct atomic masses Ni = 1.97/59 C = 1.6/12 O = 2.13/16

(Ni = 0.0334 C = 0.133 O = 0.133);
÷ answer to first calculations by smallest number (0.0334);
(Ni = 1 C = 4 O = 4);
correct formula Ni(CO)4 [3]
ALLOW: NiC4O4
(d) (i) catalyst: substance which speeds up (the rate of) reaction; [1]
unsaturated: (molecule) containing double bonds (between carbon atoms)
ALLOW: substance to which more hydrogen/H2/H can be added [1]
(ii) hydrogen/H2 [1]
B8 (a) acid which is only slightly or partly ionised/partly dissociated/not fully ionised
NOT: only contains a few hydrogen ions [1]
(b) 2C2H5CO2H + Na2CO3 → 2C2H5CO2Na + CO2 + H2O [1]
(c) (i) 24g of magnesium will need 2 x 74 g of propanoic acid to react

so 4.8g magnesium requires 29.6g acid
so acid (30g) in excess
OR
74g of propanoic acid will need ½ x 24g of Mg to react
so 30g of acid requires 4.86g Mg
so acid in excess (as only 4.8g Mg used)
OR
mol Mg = 4.8/24 = 0.2
mol acid = 30/74 = 0.405(4)/0.41 mol;
2x moles of acid required to 1 mole Mg
Mg = 0.4 x 74 = 29.6g compared with 30 g acid
OR
0.405/2 moles = 0.2027/0.203 moles acid compared with 0.2 moles Mg
Any two of
• mark for both molar masses i.e. 24 and 74 /
• use of moles i.e. 4.8/24 or 30/74
• correct understanding of the 1:2 mole ratio
(no mark for stating which reactant is in excess) [2]
(ii) 0.2 mol H2 (allow ecf from part (i)); [1]

0.2 x 24 = 4.8 dm3 (correct unit needed) [1]
© UCLES 2007
(d) (i) alcohols and carboxylic acids are monomers (both required); [1]
ALLOW: alkanoic acids/OH and COOH or CO2H
(ii) condensation [1]
(iii) clothing/named clothing/sails/conveyor or fan belts/ [1]
(e) one from:

• landfill – doesn’t (bio)degrade/
• incineration/burning – harmful substances/harmful fumes/harmful gases produced
ALLOW: stated harmful gas with correct effect e.g. hydrogen chloride acid rain/
carbon dioxide global warming etc.
• recycling – difficult to sort out different polymers [1]
ALLOW: expensive/time consuming
B9 (a) Any 2 from:

• hydrogen can be obtained from a renewable resource or water/
• produces only water as a product/no carbon monoxide produced
ALLOW: non-polluting/less polluting
• larger amount of energy released per g or unit mass; [2]
• less dense/lighter/lower mass (as liquid compared with petrol)
(b) flammable OR explosive OR implication of this/method of storage is expensive OR needs to

be stored under high pressure [1]
(c) (i) oxidation because loss of electrons [1]

NOT: redox/OH– loses electrons
ALLOW: hydrogen/H2 increases oxidation number/gains oxygen
(ii) O2 + 2H2O + 4e– → 4OH– [1]
(d) (i) 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O [1]
(ii) hydrochloric acid/sulphuric acid (or formulae) [1]
(e) (i) magnesium is more reactive/higher in the reactivity series/better reductant or reverse
argument;
Mg loses OR gives off electrons more readily than copper/electron density greater on
surface of Mg/electrons flow from more reactive to less reactive metal [2]
(ii) magnesium would react with it/the metals would react with it/
copper would react with it/a precipitate of silver would be formed
ALLOW: silver nitrate is very expensive/lower conductivity [1]
© UCLES 2007
B10 (a) any 2 of:

• silicate has regular arrangement of atoms and soda-lime glass has irregular arrangement;
ALLOW: e.g. soda lime glass has a less regular arrangement of atoms ORA
• silicate has no ions/named ion(s)/all atoms (covalently) bonded and soda lime glass has
calcium/sodium ions; [ALLOW: has oxygen ions]
• all the oxygen atoms are (covalently) bonded to two silicon atoms in silicate but in soda lime
some are only bonded by one (covalent) bond;
• silicate has larger spaces/an open structure and soda-lime glass has a more compact
structure/collapsed structure [2]
(b) Ca2+/Na+ ions can move [1]

ALLOW: ions can move/ions are free to move
NOT: ions are delocalised/ions are free
(c) CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g) [1]
(d) (i) hydroxide/OH– [1]
(ii) Pb2+ + 2OH– → Pb(OH)2 (complete balanced equation = 2 marks) [2]

lead hydroxide formed/lead hydroxide is white/hydroxide ions react with the lead or
unbalanced equation = 1 mark
(e) gas syringe OR inverted measuring cylinder full of water attached to flask;
ALLOW: drawing of apparatus as long as closed system/other suitable apparatus
measure volume of gas/carbon dioxide;
(gas) measured at various time intervals/take readings of clock every so often;
NOT: use a stop clock without any qualification of how it is used
OR
use (sensitive) balance/top pan balance; record mass; at various time intervals; [3]
© UCLES 2007
GCE Ordinary Level
5070 CHEMISTRY
demonstrated.
examination.
Section A
A1 (a) vanadium(V) (oxide) [1]

ALLOW: vanadium pentoxide/vanadium oxide/V2O5
(b) carbon (monoxide) [1]

ALLOW: CO
(c) copper(II) (oxide) [1]

ALLOW: copper oxide/CuO
(d) sulphur dioxide [1]

ALLOW: SO2
NOT: sulphur oxide
(e) calcium (oxide)

ALLOW: CaO [1]
[Total: 5]
A2 (a) Mr ammonium sulphate = 132, and 2N = 28;

% = 100 × 28/132 = 21 or 21.2 [2]
(b) iron(II) – grey green/green solid or precipitate

(both colour and precipitate needed for the mark)
ALLOW: ppt [1]
iron(III) – red-brown/brown/rust(y)-coloured
(both colour and precipitate needed for the mark)
ALLOW: brick red
NOT: red/pink/reddish/orange/other combinations with red or brown [1]
ALLOW: 1 mark if both colours correct but no reference to precipitate
(c) (i) purple to colourless [1]

ALLOW: purple to (pale) yellow
(ii) (substances whose/atoms/ions/its) oxidation number increases/

oxidation number becomes more positive/
oxidation number becomes less negative/
decreases oxidation number of another substance etc. [1]
22.5
(d) (i) × 0.02 = 4.5 × 10–4 (moles KMnO4) [1]
1000
(ii) 4.5 × 10–4 × 5 = 2.25 × 10–3 (moles Fe2+)

2.25 × 10–3 × 56 = 0.126 g
ALLOW: 0.13 g [2]
[Total: 9]
© UCLES 2007
A3 Ca2+ 20 (protons), 20 (neutrons), 18 (electrons) [1]

Cl – 17 (protons), 20 (neutrons), 18 (electrons) [1]
[Total: 2]
A4 (a) A and B [1]
(b) D [1]
(c) E [1]
(d) butene [1]

ALLOW: butylene/but-1-ene
REJECT: but-2-ene
[Total: 4]
A5 (a) (i) Na+ and Cl – (both required) [1]
(ii) anode: chlorine [1]

ALLOW: Cl2 or as product of an equation
cathode: hydrogen [1]
ALLOW: H2 or as product of equation
IF: hydrogen at anode and chlorine at cathode = 1 mark
(b) complete circuit with electrodes dipping into electrolyte and cell(s)/(dc) power supply; [1]
impure copper anode/positive electrode and pure copper cathode/negative electrode [1]
ALLOW: + and – on diagram with impure and pure copper
ALLOW: impure copper anode and copper cathode;
(electrolyte) is aqueous copper(II) sulphate [1]
ALLOW: copper sulphate solution/aqueous CuSO4 etc.
(c) (i) bauxite [1]

ALLOW: alumina/cryolite/diaspore/gibbsite/bőhmite
NOT: aluminium oxide
(ii) carbon
ALLOW: graphite [1]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2007
A6 (a) (solution) turns brown/orange/yellow [1]

NOT: black/grey/purple solution/violet gas
(b) Cl2 + 2KI → 2KCl + I2 [1]

ALLOW: Cl2 + 2I – → 2Cl – + I2
(c) electrons lost/electron loss/electrons removed OWTTE [1]

ALLOW: oxidation number of iodine increases
(d) (i) No reaction because

astatine is less reactive than iodine ORA/
astatine is poorer oxidising agent than iodine ORA/
astatine releases electrons less well than iodine/
ALLOW: astatine lower in the group than iodine
ALLOW: reactivity decreases down the Group [1]
NOT: astatine less reactive (without reference to iodine/position in Group)
(ii) 2Na + At2 → 2NaAt [1]

ALLOW: multiples and Na + ½ At2 → NaAt
[Total: 5]
A7 (a) carbon dioxide/CO2: [1]

limewater goes cloudy/white/milky/white precipitate [1]
(both limewater and result needed for one mark)
IF: another gas e.g. hydrogen then no marks
(b) CaCO3 → CaO + CO2 [1]

REJECT: balanced equation with other species on left or right
(c) U – copper
V – magnesium
X – calcium
Y – sodium
Z – zinc correct order = 2 marks
U – sodium
V – magnesium
X – zinc
Y – copper
Z – calcium order reversed = 1 mark [2]
reason e.g.
the more reactive the metal, the longer the time taken to decompose ORA/
the more reactive the metal, the slower the rate (of decomposition) ORA/
ALLOW: more reactive metal (carbonates) take longer to decompose
ALLOW: the more reactive the metal (carbonate) the more stable it is to heat(ing) [1]
NOT: the metals are in order of the reactivity series
(d) 0.01 × 5/2 = 0.025 [1]
© UCLES 2007
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2007
A8 (a) displayed formula for ethanoic acid [1]

ALLOW: OH in place of O – H
NOT: CO2H/COOH for carboxylic acid group
(b) 2Cu + O2 + 4H+ → 2Cu2+ + 2H2O [2]

correct formulae of reactants and products (1 mark)
correct balance (2nd mark)
(c) Mr of [Cu(CH3CO2)2]2.Cu(OH)2 = 462 ;

x=5 [2]
[Total: 5]
Section B
B9 (a) sodium: sodium hydroxide and hydrogen ; [1]

ALLOW: correct formulae/correct formulae in equation
NOT: sodium oxide/metallic hydroxide
magnesium: magnesium hydroxide and hydrogen; [1]
ALLOW: correct formulae/correct formulae in equation
NOT: magnesium oxide
(1 mark can be scored for hydrogen in both of the above OR sodium hydroxide and
magnesium hydroxide in the above)
sodium reacts (much) faster than magnesium ORA [1]
ALLOW: any indication from observations e.g. lots of bubbles when sodium reacts with
water and none/hardly any when magnesium reacts
(b) correct electronic structure of Na+ and O2– drawn with charge on top right [1]
ALLOW: 2,8 and symbol Na+ and 2,8 and symbol O2–
REJECT: charges in middle of the atom
Formula: Na2O [1]
(c) 4Al + 3O2 → 2Al2O3 [1]

ALLOW: multiples and 2Al + 1½ O2 → Al2O3
(d) Any two from:

high melting point or high boiling point
insoluble in water
does not conduct electricity/poor electrical conductor/electrical insulator
does not conduct heat/poor conductor of heat
ALLOW: solid or hard [2]
(e) one physical property: low melting point/low boiling point/poor or non-conductor of
electricity/poor or non-conductor of heat; [1]
NOT: gas/liquid
one chemical property: reacts with water to give acid/reacts with alkalis (or named
alkali) to give salt [1]
ALLOW: acidic oxide/acidic in nature
ALLOW: (for acid) HClO4/perchloric acid formed/(for alkali) NaClO4
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2007
B10 (a) X = activation energy; [1]

ALLOW: Ea
Z = enthalpy change (of reaction); [1]
ALLOW: ∆H
NOT: energy change/heat given out
(b) (i) energy change is positive/enthalpy change is positive/

energy of 2NO is above that of N2 and O2/
energy of N2 and O2 is below that of 2NO/
energy of product(s) is above that of reactants/
energy of reactants is below that of product(s) [1]
NOT: it (unspecified) gains energy
NOT: the product is above the reactants
(ii) bond breaking is endothermic/absorbs energy/takes in energy; [1]

bond making is exothermic/releases energy/gives out energy; [1]
more energy is absorbed than released [1]
[NOTE: 3rd mark can only be scored if first two marks have been gained]
REJECT: answers in terms of energy involved in bond making/breaking
[more energy absorbed in bond breaking than release in bond making
OWTTE = 3 marks]
(c) (i) activation energy lowered/provides surface for molecules to react/makes the
reaction go by quicker alternative pathway
NOT: allows more frequent collisions [1]
(ii) 2.4/2 = 1.2 dm3 (unit required) [1]
(iii) either:
1.0
× 100 (1 mark) = 83/83.3% (1 mark) [2]
1.2
ALLOW: ecf from part (ii)
or:
1.0/24 = 0.04166 (mol N2)
moles NO = 2 × 0.04166 = 0.0833 (moles) (1 mark)
predicted moles NO = 2.4/24 = 0.1 (moles)
100 × 0.0833/0.1 = 83/83.3% (2nd mark)
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2007
B11 (a) CnH2n+1OH [1]

ALLOW: other letters e.g. x for n
NOT: CnH2n+2O
(b) carbon dioxide and water (both needed) [1]

ALLOW: correct formulae/steam for water
(c) (i) for first mark

C2H4 + H2O → C2H5OH [1]
[NOT: C2H6O for ethanol]
for second mark any two of:
high temperature/
ALLOW: 200°C to 400°C (usual = 300°C)
high pressure/
ALLOW: 50–100 atm (usual = 70 atm)
acid catalyst/phosphoric acid
REJECT: other named acids
IGNORE: silica/zeolite [1]
(ii) either:
Mr for glucose 180 and ethanol 46 ; [1]
180 g glucose → 92 g ethanol; [1]
36 × 92/180 = 18.4 tonnes (unit needed) [1]
or:
moles glucose = 36 × 106/180 = 0.2 × 106 moles (1 mark)
0.2 × 106 moles glucose → 0.4 × 106 moles ethanol (1 mark)
0.4 × 106 × 46 = 18.4 tonnes (1 mark)
(iii) ethene obtained from crude oil/petroleum/fossil fuels which is a finite resource/
non-renewable/will run out; [1]
glucose obtained from plants so continuous supply/renewable resource/won’t run
out; [1]
ALLOW: reasonable named crop plants e.g. beet/wheat
ALLOW: glucose obtained by photosynthesis in place of plants
NOT: glucose made with the help of sunlight so renewable
NOT: because glucose is organic
(ethene from petroleum and glucose from plants = 1 mark)
(d) propanoic acid [1]

ALLOW: propionic acid/correct formula
ALLOW: propanal
NOT: propanic acid
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2007
B12 (a) correct structure of chloroethene showing all atoms and bonds
H Cl
│ │
C=C
│ │
H H [1]
(b) (i) (bond formed) by sharing pair of electrons/two electrons (between the atoms) [1]
NOT: electrons shared between two non metal atoms
(ii) electrons can’t move/no mobile electrons/electrons not free to move [1]
NOT: no free electrons/no sea of electrons
REJECT: there are no ions or electrons to conduct
(c) (i) fills up landfill sites quickly/stays a long time in the ground/needs [1]
a lot of landfill sites/takes up a lot of (valuable) land/blocks up drains
ALLOW: can choke animals/fish/birds
[NOT: harms animals/fish/birds]
NOT: explanation of non-biodegradable e.g. does not rot
NOT: not produces harmful fumes when burnt
NOT: land pollution/fills up landfill sites (without qualification)
(ii) calcium chloride/CaCl2 [1]

carbon dioxide/CO2 [1]
water/H2O [1]
(d) (i) correct dot and cross diagram including inner shells of carbon [2]
(paired electrons must be on the overlap areas of the orbits);
inner shells of carbon missing/incorrect number of inner shells = 1 mark maximum
(ii) 28 tonnes (unit required) [1]
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2007
GCE Ordinary Level
5070 CHEMISTRY
This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and students, to indicate the requirements of the
examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not
demonstrated.
examination.
The grade thresholds for various grades are published in the report on the examination for most
IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses.
syllabuses.
GCE O LEVEL - OCT/NOV 2006 5070 02
Section A
A1(a) (i) A/sulphur dioxide [1]

(ii) E/zinc oxide [1]
(iii) C and E/sodium bromide and zinc oxide (both required) [1]
(iv) C/sodium bromide [1]
(b) CH2Br [1]
(c) by (incomplete) combustion of fossil fuels/hydrocarbons/carbon source [1]

ALLOW: from car exhausts/engines; gas fires/boilers
NOT: from cars/vehicles (alone)
NOT: combustion (alone)
[Total 6]
A2(a) (i) the more reactive the metal the higher the (decomposition)
temperature/the less readily the carbonate is decomposed (or reverse
argument) [1]
NOTE: comparison essential
NOT: the smaller the cation, the lower the decomposition temperature
(ii) MgCO3 → MgO + CO2 (ignore state symbols) [1]
(b) (i) to produce more petrol/more of the useful fractions/more of the

petrol fraction/to produce ethene/alkenes/fractions with higher demand
ALLOW: produce more smaller molecules
ALLOW: to produce plastics [1]
NOT: more profitable
NOT: produces smaller molecules/break down petrol fractions.
(ii) high temperature;
ALLOW: 350-550oC
catalyst;
ALLOW: aluminium oxide/alumina [2]
IGNORE: pressure
(iii) 2C2H4/C4H8 on right [1]
[Total 6]
A3(a) 225 seconds ALLOW: 220-230 (s) [1]
(b) 90/24000 = 0.0038 moles/3.75x10-3 (moles) [1]
(c) gradient greater at start;
ends up at the same volume (90cm3) + flattens out [2]

NOT: line goes well above 90 cm3 then drops down again
(d) HCl particles/H+ ions closer together when solution more concentrated
OR more H+ ions/HCl particles for given volume;
NOT: more moles means more particles/more H+ ions
more frequent collisions (with calcium carbonate); [2]
NOT: more successful collisions
NOT: more chance of collisions [Total 6]
© UCLES 2006
A4(a) light bulbs/fluorescent tubes/lasers/provides inert atmosphere/in arc

welding/refining of titanium OR zirconium [1]
NOT: lights (alone)/bulbs (alone)
(b) complete/full outer electron shell

ALLOW: atoms cannot gain/lose/share electrons (easily) [1]
NOT: 8 electrons in outer shell unless specify He with 2
NOT: reference to stability
(c)
isotope number of number of number of
36
Ar 18 18 18
18
40
Ar 18 18 22
18
6 boxes correct = 2 marks; 5 boxes correct = 1 mark [2]
(d) elements in Periodic Table arranged in order of atomic number/

number of protons
NOT: they have different amount of isotopes [1]
(e) Xe + 2F2 → XeF4 [1]
(f) lower than argon [1]

ALLOW: correct position drawn on diagram
NOT: below the bar
NOT: vertically down/facing downwards
[Total 7]
A5(a) (i) 20%

ALLOW: 19-21% [1]
(ii) add (aqueous) sodium hydroxide/(aqueous) ammonia;
ALLOW: formulae
red-brown precipitate/red-brown solid [2]
NOT: red ppt
(b) (i) solid particles sediment/fall to bottom [1]

ALLOW: filtration
ALLOW: sedimentation
NOT: centrifugation/distillation/decanting
(ii) Al2(SO4)3 [1]
(c) (i) to remove tastes/odours [1]

ALLOW: absorbs colours
(ii) to kill bacteria/sterilise water/disinfect water [1]
ALLOW: to kill micro-organisms/kills germs
ALLOW: to get rid of bacteria etc
(d) (i) Ca(OH)2 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + 2H2O [1]

(ii) OH- + H+ → H2O [1]
[Total 9]
© UCLES 2006
A6(a) correct structure showing 4 paired dots and crosses [1]
(b) (i) vibrating/not moving;

regular arrangement/lattice [2]
ALLOW: closely packed
(ii) Any two of:
pressure decreases (as ice melts)/
ALLOW: low pressure
temperature increases/
ALLOW: high temperature
the forces between the molecules are weak [2]
NOT: methane hydrate is unstable
(iii) methane causes global warming/melting of (polar) ice caps/melting of
glaciers/desertification/rise in sea levels/extreme climate changes/
change in animal habitats [1]
(c) (bacterial) decomposition of vegetable waste/paddy fields/marshes/

cow flatulence/landfill sites etc [1]
ALLOW: bacterial decomposition
(d) fuel/making synthesis gas/manufacture of ethyne/making carbon

black/making hydrogen cyanide/making methanol [1]
ALLOW: (for) heating/(for) cooking
NOT: as household gas/natural gas
NOT: from petroleum refining/fossil fuels
(e) reactants on left and products on right;

product level below reactant level and ∆H correctly labelled;
activation energy correctly labelled; [3]
[Total 11]
TOTAL PART A = 45
B7(a) nitrogen has gained electrons/oxidation number of nitrogen has

decreased; [1]
ALLOW: reduction is addition of electrons
ALLOW: N changes from 0 to -3
NOT: removal of oxygen/addition of hydrogen
(b) 2NO3- + 12H+ + 10e- → N2 + 6H2O [1]
(c) (i) nitrogen from the air/atmosphere;

hydrogen from methane/natural gas/water/cracking hydrocarbons; [2]
IF: (nitrogen and hydrogen) from the air = 1
(ii) Any two of the following specified conditions:
range 380-450oC/
ALLOW: any specific temperature in range 350-480oC;
NOT: high temperature
pressure 200 atm/
ALLOW: any pressure in range between 180-220 atm;
NOT: high pressure
iron catalyst; [2]
NOT: catalyst/iron oxide catalyst
© UCLES 2006
(d) correct molar masses i.e. 80 and 132;

ammonium nitrate: (28/80) x 100 = 35%;
ammonium hydrogen phosphate: (28/132) x 100 = 21.2%/21%; [3]
(e) eutrophication/increase in algal growth (on surface of water)/algal

bloom/reduction of dissolved oxygen in water/water plants die [1]
[Total 10]
B8(a) 2ZnS + 3O2 → 2ZnO + 2SO2 [1]
(b) (i) more moles/molecules of gas on left than on right [1]

ALLOW: 3 volumes (of gas) on left and 2 on right/more volumes of gas
on left than right
(ii) increase in pressure will not have much effect on reaction/not much
difference in number of moles on each side of equation
OR
higher pressure means higher concentration of corrosive gases
ALLOW: sulphur dioxide/trioxide is very corrosive
OR
cheaper/more economic to carry out reaction at atmospheric pressure
[1]
(iii) reaction is exothermic/∆H is negative;
if heat given out equilibrium shifts to left/reaction shifts in favour of
reactants/cooling favours the forward reaction [2]
(c) filter solution (to remove excess iron);

concentrate solution by warming/letting solution evaporate/partially
evaporate solution (then leave to crystallise) [2]
ALLOW: leave to crystallise
NOT: evaporate to dryness
(d) moles NaOH = 0.15 x 20/1000 = 3 x 10-3 mol;

moles H2SO4 = 3x10-3 x ½ = 1.5x10-3 mol;
1.5x10-3 x 1000/12 = 0.125 (mol/dm3) [3]
[Total 10]
B9(a) correct structure of butanoic acid (all atoms and bonds must be shown) [1]
ALLOW: OH in place of O – H
(b) (i) not completely ionised in solution/has high proportion of unionised

molecules in solution/has small proportion of H+ ions in solution/
not fully dissociated [1]
(ii) test with universal indicator/pH meter;
ALLOW: test with pH paper
NOT: test with indicator paper
has pH between greater than 3 and less than 7/stated pH in that range
OR solution of the acid turns universal indicator yellow/orange [2]
NOT: has high pH/pH above 3 (alone)
(c) C = 0.18/12 H = 0.03/1 O = 0.08/16;

empirical formula = C3H6O; [2]
molecular formula = C6H12O2 (1 mark) [1]
© UCLES 2006
(d) (i) C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 [1]

(ii) potassium dichromate + (concentrated) sulphuric acid;
ALLOW: other reasonable oxidising agents
heat/reflux/warm [2]
ALLOW: bacteria;
room temperature/stated temperature not above 45°C or below 5°C
[Total 10]
B10(a) Any three of:

anode/impure copper electrode: decreases in thickness/solid
(impurities) deposits below the anode/anode gets smaller/anode
dissolves;
cathode: copper deposited/increases in thickness/gets larger;
ALLOW: goes pink
anode: Cu → Cu2+ + 2e-;
cathode: Cu2+ + 2e- → Cu [3]
(b) (i) (some of the) electrons in metals are delocalised/electrons are (free
to) move/sea of electrons can move [1]
NOT: electrons are free
(ii) solid copper sulphate has ions in fixed position/not free to move/
ions which don’t move/held in the (crystal) lattice;
REJECT: do not have ions
in solution ions are free to move/ions move [2]
NOT: the ions are free
(reference to electrons = 0 for the second mark)
(c) iron object/knife made the cathode/made the negative electrode;

anode is nickel + solution of nickel salt (both points needed); [2]
ALLOW: nickel nitrate/nickel sulphate/nickel chloride/other soluble
nickel compound
NOT: nickel oxide/nickel hydroxide
(d) in copper metal atoms/ions/particles arranged in layers which can

slide/slip over each other; (both ‘layers’ and ‘slide/slip’ needed);
NOT: layers move
ACCEPT: diagrams if reasoning clear
in alloy different sized atoms/ions/particles stop layers from slipping/
2nd type of atom/ions/particles disrupts the regular structure of the
metal [2]
ACCEPT: diagrams if reasoning clear
[Total 10]
© UCLES 2006
GCE O Level
5070 CHEMISTRY
5070/02 Paper 2 maximum raw mark 75
examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were initially instructed to award marks. It does
not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking
began. Any substantial changes to the mark scheme that arose from these discussions will be
recorded in the published Report on the Examination.
demonstrated.
Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the Report on the
Examination.
• CIE will not enter into discussion or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes.
CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2006 question papers for most IGCSE and
GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses
GCE O Level – May/June 2006 5070 02
Section A
Maximum 45 marks
A1 five names at (1) each penalise correct formulae once only
(a) nickel
(b) aluminium or sodium
(c) aluminium oxide
(d) nitrogen or phosphorus
(e) iron or nickel
[Total: 5]
A2 (a) C [1]
(b) C [1]
(c) D and E both needed for [1]
(d) six entries to the table:
all six correct (2)
five correct (1)
less than five (0) [2]
atom ion
protons 19 19
electrons 19 18
neutrons 20 20
[Total: 5]

A3 (a) (i) one characteristic: (1)
e.g. same chemical reactions gradation in physical properties

differ by CH2
not has a general formula
(ii) formula is CnH2n

not (CH2)n (1)
[2]
(b) (i) equation : 2C3H6 + 9O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
all symbols correct (1)

correct balance (1)
(ii) substitution reaction (1)
[3]
(c) name propene or propylene (1)

correct structure with double bond shown and all H atoms indicated (1)
[2]
[Total: 7]
A4 (a) equation: CaCO3 → CaO + CO2 [1]
(b) (i) equation: CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2 (1)
(ii) name is calcium carbonate (1)
[2]
(c) any one large scale use e.g.
making mortar/ making plaster/ for limewash/ softening water/ reduce soil acidity/
neutralise acid soil/ manufacture of sodium carbonate/ washing soda/ making bleaching
powder/ removing acidic gases or removing acidic waste in industry
[1]
(d) calculation [3]
• Mr of Ca3SiO5 is 228, Ca(OH)2 - 74

• 456 g Ca3SiO5 gives 222 g Ca(OH)2 (mark for correct ratio)
• 912 g Ca3SiO5 gives 444 g Ca(OH)2
[Total: 7]

A5 (a) formula is SiC [1]
(b) graphite has free / delocalised / mobile electrons (1)

SiC does not (1)
[2]
(c) (i) SiC has many strong /covalent bonds (1)
(ii) diamond has stronger bonds (1)
[2]
(d) answer 4.40 g [1]
[Total: 6]
A6 (a) two observations at (1) each:

floats/on the surface moves bubbles dissolves/disappears [2]
(b) equation: 2 Li + 2 H2O → 2 LiOH + H2 [1]
(c) electron loss is oxidation or oxidation is an increase in O.N. [1]
(d) two observations

explodes/pops burns/flame [2]
[Total: 6]
A7 (a) (i) graphs are (roughly) similar

or high CO2 matches high temperatures (1)
(ii) two effects at (1) each:

melting of polar ice or rise in sea levels
desertification/extreme climate changes/effect on animal/plant habitats(2)
[3]
(b) dot and cross for CO2
all dots (1) only no double bond (0) (2)
[2]
(c) (i) name methane (1)
(ii) cow flatulence or decay of vegetation (1)
(iii) two points from

ozone absorbs u.v. light/protects against u.v. light
CFC’s or chlorine atoms react with ozone
CFCs deplete the ozone layer/reduce the amount of ozone (2)
[4]
[Total: 9]
[Total for Section A: 45]

Section B
Answer any three questions
B8 (a) source is fertilisers or detergents [1]
(b) any three points from four
• algal bloom forms

• this blocks sunlight
• water plants die
• bacteria remove oxygen from the water
[3]
(c) (i) either add Al and NaOH and warm

NH3 turns litmus blue
or add conc. H2SO4 and FeSO4

brown ring forms (2)
(ii) nitrate ion too dilute (1)
[3]
(d) calculation
mols of I2 is 0.508/(2 x 127) = 0.002

mols of O2 is 0.002/2 = 0.001
conc. of O2 is 0.001/2 = 0.0005 mol dm-3
[3]
[Total: 10]

B9 (a) ionic equation

NH3 + H+ → NH4+
allow full ionic equation showing spectator ions
ignore incorrect state symbols
[1]
(b) preparation of KCl
• correct reagents: HCl(aq) and KOH(aq) or K2CO3(aq) or KHCO3(aq)

• (description of a) titration
• repeat without the indicator
• evaporate to crystallise or to dryness
[4]
(c) Mr K2CO3 = 138 + K2SO4 = 178 (or moles K2CO3 = 3.45/138 = 0.025);
1 x 138g K2CO3 → 1 x 178g K2SO4 (or moles K2SO4 = 0.025);
3.45g K2CO3 → 3.45 x 178/ 138g K2SO4 = 4.35g
(or mass K2SO4 = 0.025 x 174 = 4.35g)
[3]
(d) potassium ion K+ structure 2.8.8 (1)
chloride ion Cl– structure 2.8.8 (1)
2.8.8 for both with K and Cl shown in centre (1);

correct charges (1)
[2]
[Total: 10]

B10 (a) atoms in brass do not slide as easily [1]
(b) (i) colour is blue (1)

(ii) any 5 of:
• blue precipitate;
• Cu2+ + 2OH- → Cu(OH)2
ALLOW: full equation
• white precipitate masked by blue one/ ppt lighter blue in colour than with copper
hydroxide alone
• Zn2+ + 2OH- → Zn(OH)2
ALLOW: full equation
• precipitates are copper hydroxide and zinc hydroxide or correct
formulae (can be from the equations)
• part of the precipitate redissolves in excess (sodium hydroxide)/ ppt of zinc hydroxide
redissolves in excess (sodium hydroxide)
[6]
(c) (i) names: B is zinc chloride (1)

C is copper (1)
(ii) ionic equation (1)
Zn + 2 H+ → Zn2+ + H2
[3]
[Total: 10]
B11 (a) ester linkage [1]
(b) (i) monomers are amino acids (1)
(ii) nylon is hydrolysed (by the acid) (1)

[2]
(c) (i) structure of pvc: (1)
–(CH2 — CHCl)n— or full structure
(ii) weak forces between the molecules (1)
allow weak van der Waals forces between molecules
(iii) (orange) bromine is decolourised (1)

it is an addition reaction (1)
pvc has no double bonds (1)
[5]
(d) two from:

polythene is not biodegradable (1)
causes litter or use of land fill sites (1)
toxic/poisonous fumes if burnt (1)
[2]
[Total: 10]

GCE O Level
MARK SCHEME for the November 2005 question paper
5070 CHEMISTRY
5070/02 Paper 2 (Theory) maximum raw mark 75
demonstrated.
Examination.
CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the November 2005 question papers for most IGCSE and
syllabuses.
GCE O Level – November 2005 5070 2
1a metals: C, D. non metals ABE; 2

All 5 correct = 2, 3 or 4 correct = 1
b A 1
c D 1
d E 1
e D; 1
and B;
Total 6
2a amide and ester links correctly labelled; 2

circle around all four atoms in each link
b protein 1
c HOOC(C6H4)COOH; 2
HO(CH2)2OH;
d adv e.g. lighter weight (when wet)/ does not rot; 2
disadv e.g. made from non-renewable raw material/ is non
biodegradable
Total 7
3a 5.0 – 5.9/ above 5.0 below 6.0 1

b mango 1
c Ca(OH)2 neutralises acidity/ changes or controls soil pH; 3
(NH4)2SO4 contains nitrogen;
this leads to increased plant growth/ crop yield
d i CaSO4; 2
2NH3;
ii loss of N from soil occurs 1
Total 8
4a pentanoyl chloride 1
b propanoyl chloride 1
c CxH(2x + 1)OCl 1
d i carbon dioxide and water 1
ii (No because) it contains chlorine 1
Total 5
5a i reactants: (aq) (s); 1

products: (aq) (l) (g)
ii 25/1000 x 1.5 x 24 = 0.9 dm3/ 900 cm3. 3
usual calculation rules apply
b 0.75 mol/dm3; 2
25 cm3
c i calcium sulphate 1
ii calcium sulp is insoluble/ only sparingly soluble; 2
coating stops reaction
iii sulphuric acid contains more H+ ions/ is dibasic 1
Total 10

6a i CuO 1
ii +1 1
iii 132; 3
÷ 148;
x 100 = 89.2 % correct answer scores 3, usual calculation rules apply
b outer shell correct (dots and crosses); 2
charge correct;
Total 7
7 process 1 makes more ethene; 2

process 2 makes more C8H18 ; (and so using both meets demand) Total 2
B8 a i 1000 million years 1

ii nitrogen; 2
because it is 79 % in air
b i CO2 falls and then falls more sharply (and then stays constant); 5
O2 stays constant then increases (and then stays contant); (2)
ii Use of numbers e.g. 3000 MYA for change in rate of change of CO2;
O2 increases after plants appear due to photosynthesis;
O2 becomes constant after land animals appear due to respiration;
photosynthesis produces O2/ uses CO2;
respiration used O2 and produces CO2;
WTTE explanation of a steady state over last 1000 MY;
Equations:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O respiration;
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 photosynthesis

any 3/6 from list
c air is liquified/ cooled to form a liquid then warmed; 2

oxygen boils off (and is collected)
Total 10

B9
a Cl2 + 2KBr Br2 + 2KCl; 7
See: solution goes brown;
Cl2 + 2KI I2 + 2KCl;
Br2 + 2KI I2 + 2KBr;
Identifies solutions that react but without observations =(1);
Negative results important – gives at least 2 experiments that give no
change.
b Cl goes from 0; 3
to +1 and –1;
0 to +1 is oxidation/ 0 to –1 is reduction;
Total 10
B10 apparatus with battery and graphite electrodes; 2

test tubes to collect gases
a no labels max 1
b i H+ OH- SO42-; 1
ii 2H+ + 2e- H2 AND 4OH- O2 + 2H2O+ 4e- ; 4
4H+ + 4OH- 2H2 + 2O2 + 2H2O;
oxygen relights a glowing splint;
hydrogen pops when lit;
iii Acid becomes more concentrated 1
c React with more reactive metal e.g. Mg or Zn; 2
M + H2SO4 H2 + MSO4;
Total 10
B11
a 3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g) Fe3O4 (s)+ 4H2(g) formulae correct; 3
ss and balanced;
iron goes from shiny to dull / turns black or red/orange;
b i magnesium reacts much faster; 2
forms a white powder.
ii copper – no reaction 1
b i less dense/ lighter/ more resistant to corrosion 1
ii metal structure diagram shows cations in sea of electrons; 3
cations and electrons in regular arrangement;
conducts electricity because electrons move.
Total 10

General Certificate of Education O Level
MARK SCHEME for the June 2005 question paper
5070 CHEMISTRY
5070/02 Paper 2 (Theory 1), maximum mark 75
demonstrated.
Examination.
CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the June 2005 question papers for most IGCSE and GCE
JUNE 2005
GCE O Level
MARK SCHEME
MAXIMUM MARK: 75
SYLLABUS/COMPONENT: 5070/02
CHEMISTRY
Paper 2 (Theory 1)
O LEVEL – JUNE 2005 5070 2
Section A
Maximum 45 marks
A1 four names at (1) each: penalise correct formulae once only
(a) nitrogen dioxide
(b) silicon dioxide
(c) aluminium oxide
(d) lead(II) iodide [Total: 4]
A2 (a) iron has positive ions and delocalised electrons (1)

the electrons are free to move (1)
moving electrons is an electric current (1) [3]
(b) high carbon steels are strong or are brittle (allow harder) (1)
low carbon steels are soft or are more easily shaped
(allow more malleable) (1) [2]
(c) (i) conditions are air (oxygen) and water or moist air (1)
(ii) magnesium is above iron in the reactivity series

(or is more reactive) (1)
hence it corrodes before the iron (1) [3]
(d) any two from:

coloured compounds/variable oxidation states/can act as
catalysts/valency/form complex ions [2]
(e) calculation
for idea of dividing by correct Ar (1)
dividing by the smallest (1)
for final formula only if first 2 fully correct (1)
K 0.547/39 Fe 0.195/56 C 0.252/12 N 0.294/14
0.0140 0.00348 0.0210 0.0210

4 1 6 6
i.e. K4FeC6N6 or K4Fe(CN)6 [3]
[Total: 13]

O LEVEL – JUNE 2005 5070 2
A3 (a) Group 0 or the noble gas group or Group 8 [1]
(b) Any two sensible suggestions at (1) each

e.g: Mendeleev’s table has:
Groups and periods reversed (only allow once)
no Ar
no atomic numbers
no transition metals
periods 4 and/or 5 and all or a specific group has two elements
group numbers Arabic rather than Roman [2]
(c) any two observations at (1) each

fizzes/runs on the surface/flame/dissolves/explodes/melts
equation (1)
2 Rb + 2 H2O → 2 RbOH + H2 [3]
[Total:6]
A4 (a) boiling point [1]
(b) (i) making chemicals or feedstock or make petrol

not make plastics (1)
(ii) for road surfaces (1) [2]
(c) (i) saturated is single bonds or no double/triple bonds

or maximum number of hydrogen atoms (1)
hydrocarbon is carbon and hydrogen only (1)
(ii) correct methane structure (all dots = 1) (2) [4]
(d) any two ideas at (1) each:

enables supply to match demand (allow more useful)
make more petrol
make hydrogen
make alkenes e.g. ethene [2]
[Total: 9]
A5 (a) (i) hydrogen is below sodium in the reactivity series (1)
(ii) chloride ions are removed (leaving hydroxide ions) (1)

[2]
(b) (i) chlorine bleaches litmus or turns starch/iodide paper blue (1)
(ii) hydrogen pops with a burning splint (1) [2]
(c) chlorine kills bacteria

(not just sterilises the water) [1]
(d) burning hydrogen does not produce pollutants or only forms

water or hydrogen is not a finite resource, is renewable [1]

O LEVEL – JUNE 2005 5070 2
(e) (i) no products or no reaction (1)
(ii) sodium chloride and bromine, both needed for (1)

(allow NaCl and Br2) [2]
[Total: 8]
A6 (a) sodium ion shown as 2.8 (1)

chloride ion shown as 2.8.8 (1)
(charges not needed. Outer shell only = 0) [2]
(b) (i) strong attraction between oppositely charged ions (1)
(ii) higher charges on the ions (1)

hence stronger attraction (1)
(independent marks) [3]
(c) ions cannot move in the solid but can move in the melt [1]
[Total: 6]
[Section A: score any 45 from 46]

O LEVEL – JUNE 2005 5070 2
Section B
Answer any three questions
B7 (a) ozone is formed by photochemical reactions

(or sparks in air, u.v on O2) [1]
(b) ozone removed by reaction with chlorine (atoms) (1)

derived from CFC’s (1)
ozone loss causes skin cancers or cataracts or crop damage
or skin diseases or eye damage (1)
(allow O3 + CFC for (1)) [3]
(c) (i) bond breaking is endothermic/absorbs energy (1)

and bond forming is exothermic/releases energy
more energy released than absorbed (only if first point scored) (1)
(ii) as temperature increases molecules move faster

or increased k.e. (1)
hence more frequent collisions
or more molecules energy exceeds the activation energy (1)
(iii) calculation
48 g ozone releases 143 kJ (1)
16 g ozone releases 47.66 kJ or 47.7 kJ (1)
(answer alone (1), units needed)
(if 6 x 16 = 96 g ozone used, then (0))
(if 0.33 used, answer = 47.2) [6]
[Total: 10]
B8 (a) calculation (2)

143.5 g AgCl contains 108 g Ag
0.287 g AgCl contains 0.216 g Ag
(answer alone (1), units needed) [2]
(b) oxidation is electron loss or an increase in O.N. (1)

copper(I) is oxidised because it loses an electron
or its O.N. increases (1)
chlorine is reduced because it gains an electron
or its O.N. decreases (1) [3]
(c) equation (1)

Ag + CuCl2 → AgCl + CuCl [1]
(d) (i) equation (1) state symbols (1)

CuCl2(aq) + 2 NaOH(aq) → Cu(OH)2(s) + 2 NaCl(aq),
(or ionic, Cu2+ + 2OH- → Cu(OH)2 )
(scores (1) for states)
(ii) name is copper(II) hydroxide (allow copper hydroxide) (1)

colour is blue or blue-green (1)
(colour only for correct name) [4]
[Total: 10]

O LEVEL – JUNE 2005 5070 2
B9 (a) (i) the catalyst is iron or Fe2O3 (1)
(ii) equation
N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3 (1)
(iii) the temperature is 280 °C (1)

the pressure is 400 atmos (1)
(iv) higher temperature gives faster reaction (1)

(higher yield = -1) [5]
(b) a catalyst increases reaction rate (1)

(not alters the rate)
a lower activation energy (1)
hence saves energy (1)
(third mark only if Ea given) [3]
(c) equation (1)

Ca(OH)2 + 2 NH4NO3 → Ca(NO3)2 + 2 H2O + 2 NH3
ammonia lost as a gas (1)
[2]
[Total: 10]
B10 (a) name is butanoic acid (not butenoic) (1)
(b) formula is C5H11CO2H (not C6H12O2) (1)
(c) structure of ethyl ethanoate (1)

allow full structure or condensed version, CH3CO2C2H5
(d) allow any suitable named oxidising reagent (1)

e.g. (acidified) potassium dichromate(VI) or air or oxygen
(allow formula) [(a) to (d) 4]
(e) equation (1)

Mg + 2 CH3CO2H → Mg(CH3CO2)2 + H2
calculation (2)
50 cm3 acid is 0.05 mol 0.025 mol Mg needed
24 x 0.025 = 0.60 g
(answer alone (1), unit needed) [3]
(f) ethanoic acid is weak and hydrochloric is strong (1)

lower [H+] concentration in ethanoic acid (1)
[2]
(g) ionic equation (1)

H+ + OH– → H2O [1]
[Total: 10]

General Certificate of Education O Level
MARK SCHEME for the November 2004 question paper
5070 CHEMISTRY
5070/02 Paper 2 (Theory 1), maximum mark 75
demonstrated.
Examination.
CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the November 2004 question papers for most IGCSE and
GCE Advanced Level syllabuses.
NOVEMBER 2004
GCE O Level
MARK SCHEME
MAXIMUM MARK: 75
CHEMISTRY
Paper 2 (Theory 1)
O LEVEL – NOVEMBER 2004 5070 2
A1 (a) rises then falls only; 1
NOT references to B and C
(b) (i) less than 12/any number <12; 1
(ii) eutrophication; any

2
weed/algae grows more/faster;
rotting/decomposition/bacteria uses up oxygen;
‘use up oxygen’ alone does not score
(c) decreases; 3
decreases;
increases;
7 marks
A2 a to d accept correct formulae, use list principle
(a) bromine and methane/(both needed) 1
(b) lithium 1
(c) iodine and bromine/Br2 and I2 (both needed) 1
(d) lithium and lead (II) bromide (both needed) 1
(e) methane has a simple (covalent) structure (not discussion 2

of breaking bonds in methane);
silicon dioxide has a giant/lattice/macromolecular

(covalent) structure;
(f) electrolysis; 2
of molten lead bromide;
allow: (metal) displacement; by more reactive

metal/named more reactive metal (magnesium, zinc,
iron);
8 marks

A3 (a) (i) (conc) H2SO4; not dilute H2SO4, accept phosphoric acid 2
heat/reflux/50 - 150 °C; ignore pressure
(ii) H O 1
 
HC COH

H
(allow condensed OH as shown)
(iii) CH3COOH + C3H7OH CH3COOC3H7 + H2O; 2
e.c.f. from (ii)
allow molecular formulae
LHS = 1
RHS = 1
(b) (i) pH meter/universal indicator/electrical conductivity test; 2
shows different pH/orange for carboxylic acid, red for

hydrochloric/different colours (if colours stated, must be
correct)/electrical conductivity different/electrical
conductivity higher in HCl
1 mark max for chemical reactions: add reactive/named

solid (as in (iii)) and compare rates/test for chloride ion
using silver nitrate;
(ii) metal carbonate/metal oxide/named metal carbonate or 1

named oxide (not Group I oxide or CaO)/magnesium
metal, zinc metal
consequential on correct substance- 1
carbonate or metal – see bubbles
metal oxide – solid disappears, accept dissolves
9 marks
A4 (a) blocks oxygen uptake in blood; 1
not ‘breathing difficulties’
(b) (i) H2O; 1

(ii) Pd oxidation states (+)2 to 0; 2
C oxidation states (+)2 to (+)4;
(iii) palladium has been reduced and C has been oxidised; 2
palladium ox state has fallen, C has increased/palladium

accepted electrons from carbon;
e.c.f. from (ii)
(c) extraction of iron, zinc, lead or tin/blast furnace 1
7 marks
A5 (a) Zn + Cu2+ → Cu + Zn2+ 1
check equation is correct direction
ignore state symbols
(b) arrow in external circuit from zinc to copper (to the left) 1
(c) zinc 2
iron
lead
copper Zn and Cu correct = 1
iron lead correct = 1
(d) magnesium/aluminium 1
5 marks
A6 (a) (i) (aqueous) lithium hydroxide/lithium carbonate; 2
not lithium oxide
evaporation/(allow to) crystallise;

(ii) (aqueous) barium chloride/barium nitrate/barium 2

hydroxide;
filtration
(iii) copper oxide or copper carbonate; 2
accept copper hydroxide
partial evaporation (owtte)/leave to crystallise
(b) relative molecular mass (NH4)2SO4 = 132; 3
34 g NH3 makes 132 g (NH4)2SO4 owtte;
mass formed = 132/34 x 51 = 198 g
usual calculation rules apply.
9 marks
Total Section A = 45
Section B
B7 (a) Diagram 2
standard rate curve shape;
labels on axes ‘volume’ against ‘time’ (owtte);
Explanation 1
reaction stops when magnesium carbonate used up;
(b) Mr MgCO3 = 84; 3
no mols CO2 = 10.5/84 (=0.125 mols);
volume = 0.125 x 24 = 3 dm3
usual calculation rules apply
(c) (i) faster; 2
because zinc carbonate is less (thermally) stable than

magnesium carbonate ORA
ignore references to metal reactivity

(ii) less carbon dioxide; 2
because there are fewer moles of zinc carbonate.
Calculation leading to 2.02 dm3 = 2 marks
different amount of CO2 because 10.5 g zinc carbonate

contains a different number of moles = 1 mark
10 marks
B8 (a) A diesel oil 1
B paraffin
C naphtha
(b) fractions vaporise/evaporate/boil; 3
condense at different temperatures;
lowest boiling points come out at highest point of tower/

temp of tower higher at bottom
(c) (i) correct method Mass of C/mass of compound x 100; 3
correct masses used octane 96/114 x 100 = 84.2 %;
both fully correct hexadecane 192/226 x 100 = 85.0 %
Guidance:
one calculation fully correct scores 2;
both calculations fully correct scores 3;
allow e.c.f. for minor arithmetical errors.
(ii) 2C16H34 + 49O2 → 32CO2 + 34H2O 1

(iii) less oxygen is needed (per molecule) to combust octane 1

ORA/more carbon atoms in hexadecane/more carbon per
molecule/higher percentage C by mass;
'more carbon' alone is not enough
(d) hydrogen and ethanol/alcohol 1

ignore solar
10 marks

B9 (a) reaction is exothermic/gives out heat/gives out energy 1
(b) 4Fe + 3O2 2Fe2O3 2
(1) for Fe2O3;
CONSEQUENTIAL (1) for rest of equation correct
(c) (i) rises slowly then faster; 2
melting the scrap is endothermic/uses energy

/temperature of molten iron changes less when scrap is
melting.
(ii) saving metal ores/saving energy for extraction/saves 1

need to dispose of scrap iron.
(d) (i) (mark together) 2

and(ii)
more carbon in high carbon steel;
both alloys contain more iron than carbon;
(iii) Property: 2
low C steel softer/weaker/more easily shaped/less brittle

than high carbon steel; ORA
Structure:
properties change because carbon atoms are smaller

than iron atoms (may come from reference to
diagram)/metallic bonding is disrupted/lattice is
disrupted/alloy structure is less regular/layers need to slip
when steel changes shape
10 marks
B10 (a) correct set-up showing battery and two electrodes dipping 3
in an electrolyte;
nickel at cathode and silver at anode;
named electrolyte: silver nitrate.
(b) anode reaction: Ag(s) → Ag+(aq) + e-; 2
cathode reaction: Ag+(aq) + e- → Ag(s);
incorrect state symbols on fully correct equations (1)

mark
electrodes reversed with fully correct equations (1) mark

(c) (i) Salt A: 2
Gp1 sulphate or Gp 1/2 nitrate or zinc sulphate or nitrate

or magnesium sulphate/dilute (aqueous) sodium chloride;
Salt B:
Gp 1/2 chloride or zinc chloride;
(ii) oxygen relights glowing spill; 3
hydrogen pops when lit;
chlorine bleaches (damp) litmus/indicator paper

OR mix with Group I iodide/bromide, solution goes
yellow/brown;
10 marks
Total Section B = 30

GCE O Level
MARK SCHEME for the June 2004 question papers
5070 CHEMISTRY
5070/01 Paper 1 (Multiple Choice), maximum raw mark 40
5070/02 Paper 2 (Theory 1), maximum raw mark 75
5070/03 Paper 3 (Practical 1), maximum raw mark 40
5070/04 Paper 4 (Theory 2 (A2 Core)), maximum raw mark 60
These mark schemes are published as an aid to teachers and students, to indicate the
requirements of the examination. They show the basis on which Examiners were initially
instructed to award marks. They do not indicate the details of the discussions that took place
at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began. Any substantial changes to the mark
scheme that arose from these discussions will be recorded in the published Report on the
Examination.
demonstrated.
Examination.
• CIE will not enter into discussion or correspondence in connection with these mark
schemes.
CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the June 2004 question papers for most IGCSE and
GCE Advanced Level syllabuses.
June 2004
GCE O LEVEL
MARK SCHEME
MAXIMUM MARK: 40
CHEMISTRY
Paper 1 (Multiple Choice)
CHEMISTRY – JUNE 2004 5070 1
Question Question
Key Key
Number Number
1 B 21 A
2 B 22 B
3 B 23 D
4 B 24 D
5 D 25 C
6 B 26 B
7 D 27 D
8 B 28 B
9 A 29 D
10 C 30 B
11 B 31 A
12 D 32 A
13 C 33 B
14 B 34 C
15 C 35 C
16 D 36 C
17 D 37 D
18 B 38 C
19 A 39 C
20 C 40 A
Total = 40

June 2004
GCE O LEVEL
MARK SCHEME
MAXIMUM MARK: 75
CHEMISTRY
Paper 2 (Theory 1)
KEY
a semi colon ; indicates a separation of marking points
an oblique line / indicates alternative wording or acceptable alternative
R means reject
A means accept
AW means 'alternative wording'
underlined with a accept this word only, no alternative word is

straight line acceptable
D represents quality mark(s) awarded for diagrams, as

indicated on the Mark Scheme
L represents mark(s) awarded for labels on diagrams,

as indicated on the Mark Scheme
Q represents quality of expression and is used for marks

awarded on free-response questions
Section A Maximum 45 marks
A.1 four names at {1} each penalise correct formulae once only
(a) methane
(b) potassium nitrate
(c) potassium nitrate or lead(II) nitrate allow just lead nitrate
(d) phosphorus oxide or sulphur dioxide
__________________________________________________________________
total [4]

A.2
(a) first line K 39 p =19, e = 19, n = 20 {1}

second line K 40 p =19, e = 19, n = 21 {1}
{2}
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) any two from:
floats melts silvery ball runs around lilac flame

{2}
…………………………………………………………………………………………
(c)
(i) 0.195/39 = 0.005 mol K hence
mol OH– = 0.005 {1}
(ii) mol H+ = 0.010 {1}
(iii) ionic equation {1}
H+ + OH– → H2O
ignore any state symbols
(iv) pH is 1 to 4 {1}
because an excess of HCl present {1}
or an extra 0.005 mol acid present
{4} on Q. paper, but {5}
…………………………………………………………………………………………
(d) potassium ion has 2. 8. 8 and +1 charge {1}
oxide ion has 2. 8 and – 2 charge {1}
{2}
__________________________________________________________________
total [12]
___________________________________________________________________

A.3
(a) marks only for the reasons for the choice of poly(propene)
if any other polymer chosen, {0} for the section
useable temp. is above 100 °C {1}

insoluble in oil {1}
{2}
………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) polythene used for cling film plastic bags etc. {1}
{1}
……………………………………………………………………………………….
(c) any two problems from
non-biodegradable litter filling landfill sites

burning gives toxic gases
{2}
…………………………………………………………………………………………
(d) structure of poly(propene)
correct repeat unit {1}

shows continuation {1}
{2}
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(e)
(i) ester linkage {1}
(ii) fats lipids {1}

{2}
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
(f) nylon structure {1}
allow protein or nylon 6

{1}
__________________________________________________________________
total [10]

A.4
(a)
(i) equation {1}
N2 + O2 → 2 NO
(ii) more collisions per unit volume {1}

or more crowded molecules
(ii) faster molecules {1}

hence more frequent collisions {1}
{4}
…………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) incomplete combustion {1}

{1}
………………………………………………………………………………………….
(c)
(i) equation {1}
2 NO + 2 CO º 2 CO2 + N2
(ii) powder has a large surface area {1}

hence faster reaction {1}
{3}
…………………………………………………………………………………………
__________________________________________________________________
total [8]

A.5
(a)
(i) copper is below hydrogen in the activity series
or Cu2+ gains electrons
or Cu2+ is reduced more easily than H+ {1}
(ii) oxidation is electron loss

or oxidation state of oxygen increases (1}
(iii) equation {1}
Cu → Cu2+ + 2 e–
{3}
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b)
(i) in solid ions cannot move {1}
in melt ions can move {1}
(ii) cathode Pb2+ + 2 e– → 2 Pb {1}

anode 2 Br– → Br2 {1}
allow {1} if equations reversed
{4}
__________________________________________________________________
total [7]

A.6
(a) covalent {1}

………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b)
(i) both are giant structures or macromolecules {1}
many strong bonds to break {1}
(ii) graphite has fewer strong bonds to break {1}

{3}
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
(c) graphite conducts, diamond does not {1}

delocalised electrons in graphite {1}
{2}
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
__________________________________________________________________
total [6]
___________________________________________________________________
Section A. score any 45 from 46

Section B
B.7
(a) bond formation is exothermic {1}

bond breaking is endothermic {1}
more energy released than absorbed {1}
{3}
…………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) diagram shows:
labelled reactant above labelled product. {1}

activation energy correctly labelled {1}
enthalpy change correctly labelled {1}
{3}
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
(c) note that units are not required

in (ii) & (iii) some working required to score both
(i) finish at 35 ± 1 {1}
(ii) mols of O 2 is 60/24000 {1}

= 0.00250 {1}
(iii) mols of H2O2 = 2x0.0025 = 0.0050 {1}

conc. of H2O2 = 20x0.0050 = 0.10 {1}
{5}
___________________________________________________________________
score any [10] from [11]

B.8
(a)
(i) equation {1}
2 NiS + 3 O2 → 2 NiO + 2 SO2
(ii) (59 + 32) kg NiS forms (32 + 32) kg SO2 {1}

182 kg NiS forms 182x64/91 = 128 kg SO2 {1}
{3}
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) it is covalent {1}

because low b.p. {1}
shows small forces present {1}
{3}
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
(c) compound and problem both needed {1}

e.g.
SO2 causes acid rain or an effect of acid rain
CO2 causes greenhouse effect or an effect of warming
CO is toxic
{1}
…………………………………………………………………………………………
(d) used in hydrogenation of alkenes {1}

{1}
………………………………………………………………………………………….
(e) Ni + Zn(NO3)2 no reaction {1}

Ni + Cu(NO3)2 soln changes blue to green
and/or pink solid {1}
an equation {1}
Zn + Ni2+ → Zn2+ + Ni
Zn + Cu2+ → Zn2+ + Cu
Ni + Cu2+ → Ni2+ + Cu
{3}
___________________________________________________________________

B.9
(a) equation {1}
C12H26 → C2H4 + C10H22 et.al.

{1}
…………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) ethene diagram {1}

{1}
………………………………………………………………………………………….
(c) mols C = 0.72/12 = 0.06 all three

mols H = 0.18/1 = 0.18 needed
mols O = 0.96/16 = 0.06 for {1}
formula is C6H18O6 {1}

hence empirical is CH3O {1}
{3}
…………………………………………………………………………………………
(d) react with steam {1}
using phosphoric acid {1}

and one of 300 ° to 600 °C; 60 to 80 atmos. {1}
just heat, pressure, catalyst scores {1} only

{3}
…………………………………………………………………………………………
(e)
(i) colour changes from orange to blue/green {1}
structure of ethanoic acid {1}
allow full structure

or condensed versions e.g. CH3CO2H; CH3COOH
(ii) product structure {1}
(CO2H)2 or (CHO)2
or HOCH2.CO2H
{3}
___________________________________________________________________

B.10
(a) no mark for Fe3O4 alone
% Fe’s are Fe2O3 122/160 = 70.0 {1}

Fe3O4 168/232 = 74.4 {1}
FeCO3 56/126 = 48.2 {1}
{3}
…………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) four equations plus four statements at {1} each

allow statements using oxidation states
C + O2 → CO2
C oxidised and O2 reduced
C + CO2 → 2 CO
C oxidised and CO2 reduced
Fe2O3 + 3 CO → 2 Fe + 3 CO2
Fe2O3 reduced and CO oxidised
Fe2O3 + 3 C → 2 Fe + 3 CO
Fe2O3 reduced and C oxidised
{4}
…………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) metals have +ve ions in sea of electrons {1}

ions can slide around {1}
{2}
…………………………………………………………………………………………
(d) low carbon gives softer/more malleable steel {1}

carbon disrupts the packing {1}
{2}
___________________________________________________________________

June 2004
GCE O LEVEL
MARK SCHEME
MAXIMUM MARK: 40
CHEMISTRY
Paper 3 (Practical 1)

1 Maximum 20 marks
(a) 3 marks for each reading within 1°C of the Supervisor’s value. (12)
1 mark for each reading within 2°C of the Supervisor’s value.
Any subtraction error (-1), but give the ‘accuracy’ mark on the corrected
value.
(b) 1 mark for plotting all the points correctly, tolerance one small square. (4)
Give one mark for two straight lines that intersect, provided that the first
two points are used for one of the lines and the second two points for the
second line.
Give 1 mark for each straight line which has been extrapolated so that it
passes through the ‘origin’.
Curves score zero
(c) Highest temperature from the graph. This must be from the point of (1)
intersection of the two straight lines.
(d) Corresponding values for the volume of P and Q (both correct). (1)
Candidates who fail to score in (c) can score in (d), provided the values
correspond to the temperature given in (c).
(e) Concentration of sodium hydroxide in Q. (2)

Method (1) answer (1)
Candidates who give the incorrect volumes in (d) can score

consequentially.
There are no marks for the correct evaluation of an incorrect expression,

answers are required correct to two significant figures.
Candidates with the correct answer but no working score (1).

Solution S (copper sulphate + ammonia)

Test 1 Blue ppt (1)
Ppt turns brown or black (1)
Gas turns litmus blue (1)
Ammonia produced (1)
allow solid, suspension, powder but not substance, particles, deposit, residue,
sediment, gelatinous, insoluble for precipitate
Test 2 blue ppt [ppt (1) colour (1)] (2)
soluble in excess acid (1)

blue solution (1)
allow colourless or pale green or blue
Test 3 White ppt [ppt (1) colour (1)] (2)
Insoluble in acid (1)

Dark blue solution becomes paler or colourless (1)
Blue ppt turns to a white ppt scores (2)
Test 4 Pale blue ppt allow any colour of ppt or even turns cloudy etc (1)
Soluble in excess (1)

Colourless or pale blue solution (1)
Test 5 No reaction
White ppt (2)

Brown or yellow solution (2)
Give one mark each for ppt and brown/yellow and an additional mark for
linking white to the ppt and brown/yellow to the solution
Solution becomes colourless or white ppt (1)
Conclusion
The ions are SO42-
requires a ppt in Test 3 which does not dissolve when acid is added
NH4+
requires ammonia named or tested for in Test 1
Cu2+ Any two ions to score, (-1 for names)
All points to score up to a paper mark of 40.

June 2004
GCE A LEVEL
MARK SCHEME
MAXIMUM MARK: 60
CHEMISTRY
Paper 4 (Theory 2 (A2 Core))
1 (a) Pippette (1)

(b) Saftey bulb (1)
(c) To prevent liquid entering the mouth (1) [3]
2 (a) It is flammable or very reactive with oxygen or water in the air (1)
(b) Hydrogen (1) pops in a flame (1)
(c) Sodium moves around the surface, inflames, dissolves, reacts violently.
[Any two (2)]
(d) Sodium hydroxide (1)
(e) Blue (1)
(f) 2Na + 2H20 2NaOH + H2 [balanced (1)]
(or balanced reaction based on half quantities) [8]
3 (a) Syringe (1)

(b) Turns lime water milky (1)
(c) (i) 0.005 (ii) 0.01 (1) (iii) No (1)
reaction shows that one mole of calcium carbonate requires two moles
of hydrochloric acid (1).
(d) 0.005 x 24 = 0.12dm3 (1)
(e) 0.12dm3 (1) Magnesium carbonate (0.0059 moles) will be in excess thus
volume of CO2 will be based on HCl as before (1). [9]
4 to 8 (b), (a), (c), (b), (d) 1 mark each [4]
9 (a) 6.96 g (1)

(b) colourless or green to pink or purple (1)
(c) 25.9 48.6 32.4 1 mark for each
0.0 23.3 6.9 correct row or
_25.9 _25.3 _25.5 column (3)
Mean value = 25.4 cm3 (1)
(d) 0.000508 (1) (e) 0.00254 (1)

(f) 0.0254 (1) (g) 3.86 g (1)
(h) 3.10 g (1) (i) 0.172 g (1)
[13]
10 1 coloured solution (1)

2 blue precipitate (1) insoluble in excess (1)
3 blue precipitate (1) soluble in excess (1) forming a DEEP blue solution (1)
4 dilute nitric acid (1) aqueous silver nitrate (1) white precipitate (1)
Formula CuCl2 (1)

11 (a) (i) 0.46 g (1) (ii) 36.3 and 25.8 (1) rise in T = 10.5 (1)
(b) (i)
H H H H
| | | |
H -C – C – C – C – O - H
(1)
| | | |
H H H H
(ii) 74 (1)
(iii) 0.0062 moles (1)
(iv) 1693 kJ/mol (1)
(c) points correctly plotted (1), smooth curve (1).

(d) (i) 0.062 g (1) (please read candidate’s graph)
(ii)
H H H
| | | (1)
H–C-C–C-H
| | |
H O H
|
H
(e) To eliminate error due to heat losses,

to standardize the experiment or act as a control etc (1)
[12]

5070 Chemistry November 2003
CONTENTS
CHEMISTRY ....................................................................................................................... 2
GCE Ordinary Level ........................................................................................................................................ 2
Paper 5070/01 Multiple Choice ..................................................................................................................... 2
Paper 5070/02 Theory................................................................................................................................... 3
Paper 5070/03 Paper 3 – Practical Test ....................................................................................................... 7
Paper 5070/04 Alternative to Practical .......................................................................................................... 8
FOREWORD
This booklet contains reports written by Examiners on the work of candidates in certain papers. Its contents
are primarily for the information of the subject teachers concerned.
1
CHEMISTRY
GCE Ordinary Level
Paper 5070/01
Multiple Choice
Question Question
Key Key
Number Number
1 D 21 A
2 A 22 C
3 A 23 A
4 D 24 C
5 B 25 A
6 C 26 C
7 B 27 C
8 C 28 C
9 D 29 B
10 C 30 D
11 A 31 A
12 C 32 A
13 A 33 D
14 D 34 B
15 B 35 A
16 D 36 D
17 D 37 D
18 D 38 D
19 B 39 D
20 D 40 A
General comments
One question in particular, Question 25, proved a real stumbling block and guessing was widespread
amongst the candidates. All the other questions discriminated well between the candidates. Only two
questions, Question 1 and Question 7 had success rates of over eighty percent, and even then they
discriminated well between the successful and the less successful candidates.
Comments on specific questions
Question 6
Almost one third of the entry thought, incorrectly, that alternative D was correct. The question was testing
the knowledge that the number of protons in an atom is equal to the number of electrons.
Question 9
Methane is a molecule consisting of a carbon atom bonded by four covalent bonds to four hydrogen atoms.
Hence the number of electrons involved in covalent bonding, in methane, is 4 x 2 = 8.
2
Question 16
The large number of candidates that chose B did not realise that it is bond breaking that absorbs energy, nor
did they realise that bond breaking and bond making must both be considered when working out the energy
change in a reaction.
Question 19
Sodium chloride is a neutral salt and when dissolved in water or hydrochloric acid it does not change the pH
of the original solution. The neutralisation of hydrochloric acid by sodium hydroxide is how sodium chloride
is prepared in the laboratory.
Question 30
Concentrated aqueous ammonia always smells of ammonia gas i.e. it is always giving off ammonia. The
solubility of gases decreases with increase in temperature, therefore on heating, aqueous ammonia gives off
more ammonia and thus the very popular alternative A was incorrect.
Question 33
Alternative A was too strong a distractor with over half the candidates choosing this alternative.
Question 36
Almost all the candidates knew that compounds containing a carbon-carbon double bond decolourise
bromine water, thus alternatives C and D were very popular. The realisation that an acid with sodium
carbonate always produces carbon dioxide led the candidates to the answer D.
Paper 5070/02
Theory
General comments
A broad range of achievement was seen across the cohort of candidates assessed, but most candidates
gave performances in the lower mark range. A very small minority of individuals gained very high marks.
The Section B questions proved very challenging for most candidates. Many did not attempt all the
available part questions but left areas of blanks on their Papers.
In Section A, a crossword was used for Al for the first time on this Paper. All candidates knew how to enter
words on the crossword, but some failed to realise the importance of checking spellings (element spellings
are all given on the Periodic Table on the back page). Wrongly spelt words in a crossword do not score.
A common reason scoring poorly in questions that demand explanations was that many candidates gave
general answers, sometimes clearly learned by heart. If the question asks for an explanation of a process, it
is important that the candidates deal specifically with the context given, rather than talking in vague terms
only. A general answer is unlikely to gain full marks because it does not show that the candidate can apply
their knowledge. This occurred, for example, in Section A Question 2 (e) and Section B Question 10 (b).
In calculations, it was noticed this year that some candidates round up answers to 2 or 3 significant figures in
the middle of calculations and carry their rounded value forward. This can lead to a significant error in the
final numerical value calculated. Answers are accepted as fully correct if they are given to two or more
significant figures, but candidates should not round up in the middle of their working.
Areas of the Syllabus that are well understood include energy level diagrams, diffusion rates of gases, dot
and cross diagrams and metal bonding and properties.
Candidates’ skills in predicting observations have improved steadily over recent years. Areas of the Syllabus
that were less well understood included writing ionic equations, calculations (particularly percentage yield)
and strong and weak acids.
3
Section A
Question A1
Most candidates scored at least three marks. Candidates should note that when entering answers in a
crossword, the spelling must be correct. A common error was the misspelling of fluorine as ‘flourine’. Some
weak candidates gave ‘metals’ as positively charged ion, rather than ‘cation’, and some called the
sub-atomic particle a ‘neutral’ rather than a ‘neutron’.
Question A2
Most knew the formula of ammonia and could correctly calculate molecular mass for (a). Some gave
‘hydrochloric acid’ instead of the correct ‘hydrogen chloride’ as the name for HCl, failing to recognise that the
table contained gases not solutions. Others gave wrong names such as ‘hydrochloride’. Almost all gained
some credit in the rest of the question. A common error was giving chlorine as the gas that turned litmus
red.
For (e), some candidates gave general answers, such as, ‘lighter gases travel faster’, rather than applying
their understanding to the process in the question. A better answer was ‘ammonia gas is lighter and so
travels faster’. A candidate giving the latter answer has applied their knowledge to the context and is
showing a higher level of achievement.
Question A3
Most candidates completed the table correctly. Common errors were giving ‘C3H5OH’ as the formula of
propane, implying that they had not read the information carefully, and ‘cracking’ as the process of
manufacture of propane from crude oil. The calculation for (b) proved difficult for many candidates. A
common error was to work in moles only, rather than comparing energy values per kilogram as the question
asked. For (c) most candidates focused on the ease of use of ethanol as a fuel due to its liquid nature.
Some made vague references to ‘less polluting’ which did not score. Few recognised that ethanol is a
renewable fuel whereas propane is not. The energy level diagram was very well completed, but some
candidates did not follow the question instruction which asked for the names of products, and gave only
formulae.
Question A4
Metallic bonding and properties are clearly very well understood by candidates; they scored well on this
question. Some lost marks by lack of precision in their answers e.g. ‘electrons carry charge’ does not
explain conduction, candidates needed to state clearly that the electrons move. Some gave chemical
properties rather than physical for (b) e.g. ‘coloured compounds’. Most read the graph to gain two marks,
but some reversed the boiling point and melting point. Some candidates thought that the tungsten would
melt just above its melting point e.g. ‘at 3450 °C’. A mark was deducted here if the units were omitted from
the answers.
Question A5
Most answered (a) and (b) correctly. Part (c) was poorly answered, with many candidates struggling to
correctly write the ionic equation. Common errors included:
• incorrect charges on ions e.g. Mg+ or Ag+;

• giving an unbalanced equation;
• omitting state symbols;
• giving a full equation.
(c)(ii) was answered well. Candidates are now scoring much better than in previous years in questions that
ask for observations to be predicted. Some, however, failed to score by describing the formation of a
precipitate.
4
Question A6
Many candidates attempted to draw covalent, rather than ionic, structures for sodium oxide. Some omitted
the charges from the ions. The equation in (b) was usually correct. The calculation proved less accessible.
Most correctly calculated that 62 g of sodium oxide contain one mole, but fewer managed to correctly apply
the reacting ratio to calculate the concentration.
Question A7
This question was the least well answered of the Section A questions. In (a), Examiners allowed ‘error
carried forward’ so an incorrect molecular formula could still score if the empirical formula followed logically
from it. Many candidates did not know the difference between empirical and molecular formulae. Linking
properties of phosphorus oxide to its structure and bonding proved problematic for most candidates. Most
recognised that non-metal oxides are acidic. Far fewer linked the low melting point of phosphorus(III) oxide
to its simple molecular structure. Many gave the reason that the ‘bonding is covalent’, which was not enough
to score because giant covalent structures have high melting points. Most candidates correctly linked the
covalent nature of the bonding to its non-conduction, but some talked in vague terms about ‘no electrons
available’.
Question A8
The marks awarded for this question showed a very broad spread of achievement. Candidates had difficulty
with both the chemistry of reaction rates and with the percentage calculation in (d). In (a) most gained a
single mark for commenting on the fall in mass differences between readings. Only very able candidates
commented explicitly on a decrease in rate by linking mass lost to time. A range of methods of doing this
were accepted, including:
• a mathematical calculation of rate per minute;

• a comment about ‘per unit time’;
• recognition that the readings were taken at regular (or 4 minute) intervals.
Some candidates confused the units, mixing seconds and minutes in their answers. In part (b) several
common errors were seen. Firstly, many candidates described why the reaction stops rather than slows
down, e.g. by commenting on the acid being ‘used up’. Less able candidates talked about the amount of
acid decreasing. Few recognised that the important point is that the concentration of acid is falling, leading
to a decrease in rate. Some thought that the surface area of the sandstone was the limiting factor. Many
candidates gave a general answer that did not link to the specific reaction involved. They talked in general
terms about ‘fewer particles colliding’ but did not link this to the sandstone and acid involved in this context.
Such answers can only gain partial credit, because the candidates have not shown that they can apply their
knowledge to the context of the question.
Part (c) was well answered, with most candidates choosing to collect their gas in a gas syringe. However,
many candidates had difficulty with the calculation in (d). Only more able candidates realised that the mass
lost was due to carbon dioxide gas evolved. Those who did not realise this could not complete the part
question. Partial credit was given if the answer showed understanding of working out percentages from
masses, allowing an error carried forward on incorrectly calculated mass values.
5
Section B
Question B9
This question gave generally high marks. Poor choice of words sometimes lost marks in (a), e.g. ‘the oxygen
dissolves the graphite anode’. Many did not clearly state that it was the oxygen evolved in the process that
reacts with the graphite, implying that the oxygen was from air. A large number failed in attempting to write
the ionic equation for the formation of oxygen. Common errors included:
• starting with OH instead of an oxide ion;

• giving an unbalanced equation e.g. O2→O2+2℮;
• giving the wrong number of electrons;
• putting the electrons on the left hand side.
Parts (b) and (c) were very well answered. Candidates understand the role of cryolite in the process, and
know the uses and properties of aluminium very well. In (d), almost all candidates knew that there is an
oxide layer that protects aluminium, but the differences in observations were less commonly correct.
Common errors included thinking that both strips would produce bubbles or that the elements in the
sandpaper would react with the acid. Most correctly deduced the oxidation state change, but some gave an
ionic equation instead. This did not gain any marks because it does not state the oxidation numbers
involved.
Question B10
This was the least popular choice of the optional questions. In (a) most candidates described acids as
containing H+ ions, but fewer knew that salts contain metal cations. The equation in (b) was very well done
by all but the weakest candidates, but fewer could give two other formulae for salts. Many repeated
NaH2PO3 which was the salt given in the question. The definitions of strong and weak acids usually scored
one of the available two marks for recognising that sulphuric acid is more fully dissociated than ethanoic acid
in solution. Fewer stated that sulphuric acid dissociates fully.
Part (c)(ii) was an opportunity for candidates to apply their knowledge to a new, problem solving situation. A
wide variety of answers was seen and most revealed that many candidates only have a partial understanding
of the differences between strong and weak acids. Some lost all marks by choosing to measure pH, in spite
of the instruction ‘other than measuring pH’ which appeared in the question. Others confused acid strength
with acid concentration, choosing to carry out a titration or measure the amount of gas produced by a
reaction with a metal or carbonate. The best answers carried out experiments to measure rate by the
collection of gas at time intervals by reaction with suitable metals or metal carbonates. Copper or very
reactive metals did not score full marks as these are not appropriate choices. A surprising number of
candidates tried to use substances mentioned in other questions, e.g. calcium carbonate or aluminium.
Candidates should be discouraged from using this as an exam technique. In this case, neither substance
reacts well with dilute sulphuric acid. Some candidates used electrical methods of measuring conductivity
but often confused voltage and current, hence failing to score full marks.
Question B11
Almost all correctly identified that the type of polymerisation was addition. A few gave ‘condensation’ as their
answer, showing confusion due to there being two different monomers reacting. For (b) almost all
candidates could draw the polymer chain, but a large number did not identify the repeating unit, as the
question asked, but drew a chain of multiple monomers joined together. This answer did not answer the
question and so lost all marks. The idea that each of the monomers can join to itself was subtle, and only
the most able candidates spotted this to gain a mark in (c). Most gave vague comments about the products
of polymerisation being difficult to control. Such answers were not awarded any credit.
The equation in (d) was intended to be a straightforward task but candidates found unexpected difficulty in
deducing the formula for butadiene, despite its structure being shown above. Common errors included:
• using the wrong formula for butadiene e.g. C3H8, C4H8;

• giving methane, CH4, or water as the other product;
• failing to balance the equation.
6
Where errors occurred, an error carried forward was allowed into the calculation for (e). All knew uses for
hydrogen, the only common error being to state that it is used ‘in balloons’. In (e) many candidates did not
know how to carry out a percentage yield calculation and failed to include any consideration of expected
mass by considering reacting mole ratios. Many divided the mass obtained (2.16 kg) by the mass of butane
used (2.90 kg) and multiplied by 100. Such answers gained no credit.
Paper 5070/03
Paper 3 – Practical Test
General comments
The overall standard was very high and candidates are to be congratulated on the way they tackled the
examination. Only a minority of candidates were unable to demonstrate significant practical skills.
Question 1
(a) In the first part of the exercise, candidates were required to add dilute hydrochloric acid to solid T,
and then perform a number of tests on the resulting solution. Although this part of the exercise was
generally well done, a number of candidates decided at an early stage that the compound was
calcium carbonate and crossed out their original correct observations and replaced them with
‘theoretical results’. Candidates should be encouraged to trust in their experimental observations
and not to try to ‘guess’ the identity of the unknown substances given to them.
Test 1
The addition of dilute hydrochloric acid to T, zinc carbonate, causes it to effervesce and produce a
gas which turns limewater cloudy and therefore is carbon dioxide. In this type of exercise,
candidates are require to make the observation, effervesces, and then test for and name the gas
evolved. A surprising number still leave out one of more of these scoring points. The zinc
carbonate dissolves to give a colourless solution.
Tests 2 and 3
When either aqueous sodium hydroxide or ammonia is added to the solution produced in Test 1, a
white precipitate, which dissolves in excess to produce a colourless solution, is seen. Clear is not
an alternative to colourless. Virtually all candidates scored the white precipitate mark, but many
found it harder to decide if it then dissolved in excess.
Conclusion
Correct observations lead to the conclusion that T is zinc carbonate, credit was given to those
candidates who identified the metal or carbonate ions without identifying the compound completely.
A surprising number gave the answer as just zinc (or calcium) and appeared to think that T was a
metal rather than a compound.
(b) Candidates were required to calculate the relative formula mass of T, most were able to do this
successfully.
(c) The titration was exceptionally well done, with most candidates scoring full, or nearly full marks.
Full marks were awarded for recording two results within 0.2 cm3 of the Supervisor’s value and
then for averaging two or more results which did not differ by more than 0.2 cm3.
Teachers are asked to continue to emphasise that in any titration exercise, candidates should
repeat the titration as many times as necessary, until they have obtained consistent results, and
then to average these consistent results, having first ‘ticked’ them to indicate that these are their
most accurate values. Although the majority of candidates do carry out this procedure carefully, a
small number still tick only one result. Similarly a number of candidates average all their results,
irrespective of how consistent they are. Deciding whether to disregard some results is an important
skill, and Teachers are asked to reinforce this message.
7
(d) – (g) Although the majority of candidates were able to calculate the correct concentration of the acid, the
rest of the calculations proved to be very difficult. In (d) there were very few occasions of candidates
using anything other than a 1:1 mole ratio or inverting the volume ratio. The answer was required to
three significant figures, very few candidates over approximated. Very few candidates appreciated
that the answer to (e) simply required them to subtract their answer to (d) from 0.500, this gives the
number of moles of hydrochloric acid which had reacted with T. The answer to (f) required them to
divide their answer to (e) by 2, this was usually appreciated, although a significant number multiplied
by 2. To obtain the final mass of T, the number of moles obtained in (f) was multiplied by the relative
formula mass found earlier or by 140. Candidates who had an answer to (f) usually scored the mark
for (g). The calculation was marked consequentially throughout.
Question 2
This was a relatively straightforward exercise, and the overall marks were very high. Marks were usually lost
for incomplete rather than incorrect observations. Most candidates used the correct terminology to describe
colour changes and the formation of precipitates.
Test 1
Addition of aqueous barium nitrate to P, iron(II) ammonium sulphate, produces a white precipitate which does
not dissolve when nitric acid is added. There were very few cases of ‘white solutions’ or the mixture ‘turning
milky’.
Test 2
When aqueous sodium hydroxide is added to P, a green precipitate of iron(II) hydroxide is produced, this does
not dissolve in excess alkali but does begin to darken or turn brown when left exposed to the air. This final
observation was required.
Test 3
When the mixture from Test 2 is warmed, ammonia is produced and this turns damp red litmus blue. Both
comments were required. Both sulphur dioxide and chlorine were claimed by a surprisingly large number of
candidates.
Test 4
The addition of hydrogen peroxide, causes the solution to become yellower. The final colour of this solution is
dependent on the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide, accordingly a range of colours was acceptable.
However there is no precipitate at this stage. When sodium hydroxide is added a red-brown precipitate of
iron(III) hydroxide is now produced. The mixture also effervesces and produces oxygen which can be tested
for with a glowing splint.
Conclusions
The ions present were Fe2+, NH4+ and SO42-. Most candidates gave Fe2+ and SO42-, but NH4+ was much less
common. Many candidates also suggested Fe3+, presumably due to the brown precipitate in Test 4 and NO3–
There were very few examples of names rather than formulae or incorrect formulae.
Paper 5070/04
Alternative to Practical
General comments
The Alternative to Practical Chemistry Paper is designed to test the candidate’s knowledge and experience of
Practical Chemistry.
Skills examined including recognition and calibration of chemical apparatus and their uses, recall of
experimental procedures, handling and interpretation of data, drawing and interpretation of graphs, analysis of
unknown salts and calculations.
The standard continues to be maintained and the majority of candidates show evidence of possessing many of
the aforementioned skills.
8
Most candidates show competency of plotting points on graphs and there is evidence of a general
improvement in the drawing of appropriate smooth curves.
There continues to be a significant number of candidates who confuse the tests for the gases Hydrogen and
Oxygen.
The use of indicators and the knowledge of colour changes to determine the end-point in titrations is
necessary and are generally well known but the actual colour change is often reversed. This was particularly
evident in this examination where aqueous potassium manganate(VII) was used as the titrating solution.
Question 1
This question required the candidate to state which piece of apparatus was the most suitable for the
purpose. The correct answers were D, a funnel for helping to pour a liquid into a container with a narrow
neck; B, a volumetric flask for titrations; and E, a measuring cylinder for transferring 80 cm3 of a liquid into a
container. F, a burette, was accepted as an alternative for the measuring cylinder.
Question 2
(a) Acceptable answers for the appearance of solid zinc are silver, grey and shiny but not white.
Aqueous copper(II) sulphate is blue.
(b) Three different observations were required for the reaction between zinc and aqueous copper(II)
sulphate. Possible answers included: zinc dissolves, reacts; a red or copper deposit; solution
warms up, bubbles, effervesces or a gas is evolved.
(c) Acceptable answers for the type of reaction were displacement, redox or exothermic.
Question 3
Candidates were given diagrams of four electrolysis experiments and were asked to state the electrode(s) at
which certain elements were produced.
(a) Hydrogen was produced at electrodes L, N and Q.
(b) Oxygen was produced at electrode M.
(c) Sodium was produced at electrode S.
(d) Chlorine was produced at electrodes K, P, and R.
In all cases for any incorrect electrode marks were deducted from the marks gained.
Questions 4 - 8
The correct answers to the multiple choice Questions, 4 to 8 were (d), (a), (c), (b), and (b) respectively.
Question 9
Parts (a) to (c) involved the analysis of the fertiliser, F, which was later volumetrically analysed to determine
its percentage iron content.
(a) Dissolving F in water produced a coloured or green solution. Reference to solids or substances
were not acceptable.
(b) The addition of aqueous sodium hydroxide produced (i) a green precipitate (ii) which was insoluble
in excess of the reagent. (iii) Heating the mixture produced a gas or ammonia, which turned litmus
blue. The colour change of the litmus must refer to the gas, as the alkaline solution would also
produce the same colour change. Failure to do this lost the mark.
(c) Acceptable tests for the sulphate ion included combinations of aq.Ba(NO3)2/HNO3 and
aq.BaCl2/HCl producing a white precipitate. The observation mark was only gained as a result of a
correct test for the sulphate ion.
9
(d) The mass of F used in the experiment was 6.95g.
(e) A pipette was the most suitable apparatus for this purpose.
(f) Acceptable colour changes were colourless, green or yellow to pink or purple. As mentioned
earlier in the Report it was disappointing to see a large number of candidates give the correct
colour change but the wrong way round. Candidates should be advised to always consider
carefully, which solution is in the titrating flask before deciding on the initial colour.
(g) The correct volumes of G, as a result of the burette volume readings were: 25.2, 24.4 and 24.6
respectively, giving a mean value using readings 2 and 3 of 24.5 cm3. In cases where incorrect
reading of the burettes resulted in different volumes of G, candidates were given credit for choosing
the two closest volumes, which may not have been 2 and 3, to produce their mean value.
(h) The answers to the calculation were:
0.00049, (i) 0.00245, (j) 0.0245, (k) 1.37g, (l) 19.7%.
In all cases any incorrect answer to any part of the calculation may be correctly used in the following parts
and gain the marks. Any rounding up or down was penalised once only e.g. 0.00049 becoming 0.0005.
Question 10
(a) Candidates were required to read the thermometer diagrams giving temperature values of 26, 35,
47, and 60 respectively. These results were plotted on the first graph and joined by a smooth
curve. Marks were awarded for accurate plotting of these results and the quality of the smooth
curve. The resulting curve was used to produce answers to parts (c) and (d).
A common error was in the reading of the thermometers a number of candidates reading the
values as 20.6 rather than 26, 30.5 rather than 35 etc. Although the initial marks were lost
candidates could still gain the following marks so long as they plotted 20.6, 30.5 etc.
The candidate’s graphs were read to assess their answers to parts (c) and (d). The answer to part
(d) was obtained by reading from the graph the temperature at which the time was 55s, half the
initial time of 110s.
(e) A second plot of points was required for part (d) from which parts (f) and (g) could be answered.
Part (g) proved to be very difficult for the majority of candidates although it was pleasing to see a
good proportion realising that to get the answer they had first to read from the first graph the time,
60s, for 30°C and then on the second graph read the concentration at a time of 60s which should
give a concentration of 0.05 mol/dm3.
Question 11
This question involves various aspects of water and its purification.
(a) The rain water would boil at a lower temperature as the sea water contains salts, which increases
its boiling point.
(b) Sodium chloride is the main constituent of sea water.
(c) Sea water may be converted to drinkable water by either distillation, desalination or ion exchange.
(d) Chlorine, tested by the bleaching of litmus, should be used to kill any bacteria.
(e)(i) Sodium, in its reaction with water, produced hydrogen, which is tested by its ability to ‘pop’ in a
flame.
(ii) Candidates are asked to give two different observations. Possible observations included, sodium
dissolved, reacted vigorously, burst into flames, moved around the surface of the water,
effervesced or a gas was evolved and the solution, which contained litmus, turned blue.
Further general comments
In Questions 2 (b) and 11 (e) marks are only awarded for observations, not theoretical answers e.g. in 2 (b)
several candidates stated that zinc sulphate was produced. This is not an observation and hence would not
be given credit.
10
5070 Chemistry June 2003
FOREWORD ....................................................................................................................... 1
CHEMISTRY ....................................................................................................................... 2
Paper 5070/02 Theory................................................................................................................................... 3
Paper 5070/03 Paper 3 – Practical Test ....................................................................................................... 7
1
GCE Ordinary Level
Paper 5070/01
Multiple Choice
Question Question
Key Key
Number Number
1 D 21 C
2 C 22 C
3 D 23 D
4 C 24 D
5 D 25 A
6 C 26 D
7 A 27 A
8 A 28 A
9 C 29 C
10 C 30 C
11 D 31 B
12 B 32 B
13 B 33 B
14 B 34 B
15 C 35 C
16 C 36 B
17 D 37 C
18 A 38 B
19 B 39 C
20 D 40 A
General comments
Only one question, Question 18, was found to be easy by almost all the entry. Question 28 produced a
great deal of guessing. Except for the two questions already referred to the Paper discriminated well
between the candidates and proved to be a good test of knowledge and understanding.
Question 5
This was one of the few questions where an incorrect alternative was more popular than the correct answer.
Candidates had to realise that sulphuric acid was a diprotic acid.
H2SO4(aq) ® 2H+(aq) + SO42-(aq)
Question 9
The diagrams of diamond and graphite were very well known and for most of the entry the question was a
choice between alternatives A and C. Metals are a lattice of positive ions in a “sea of electrons” which was
alternative C. Alternative A was a lattice of positive and negative ions which is the structure of an ionic
compound such as sodium chloride.
2
Question 10
Alternative A was a strong distractor since the correct combination of X and Y produced CaCl2 a well-known
compound. However, ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points and calcium chloride would not
be expected to be gaseous.
Question 15
A sound knowledge of the electrolysis of concentrated aqueous sodium chloride is required by the syllabus.
Hence changing sodium chloride to rubidium chloride, another Group I chloride, would not change the
products of electrolysis.
Question 24
A high proportion of the candidates incorrectly thought that the melting point of the elements increases down
Group I, possibly because the relative atomic mass of the elements increases down the Group. The melting
point of the elements decreases down Group I because the strengths of the metallic bonding decreases.
Question 32
A great deal of guessing occurred in this question. This question was intended to test the simple recall of a
statement in the syllabus concerning the manufacture of hydrogen by the cracking of oil.
Paper 5070/02
Theory
General comments
This Question Paper generated a wide range of marks, from single figures to close to the maximum. Some
very good scripts were seen and the majority of the candidates must be congratulated on the clarity of the
presentation of their answers.
This year, Section A proved to be more difficult than usual and high marks were rare. Conversely,
Section B resulted in higher marks than in previous years.
Many of the questions in both sections contained points that even the strongest candidates found testing.
There was no evidence of candidates having problems in completing the Paper in the time allocated.
As in previous examinations, a common fault was the failure to respond to the precise wording of the
question. Candidates should be advised to read and think before they begin to write. Note that when the
question asks for the name of a material, then the formula may not be accepted.
Section A
Candidates found this section to be rather difficult and marks over 35 were rare. Fewer than 20 was a
frequent score. All seven questions contained something that caused problems, even for the better
candidates.
Question 1
Just three or four was a common score and all five marks was rare.
(a) Both bromine and sulphur were given as forming a basic oxide.
(b) Bromine was the most common answer, but iodine was a popular incorrect suggestion.
(c) Hydrogen as reacting with aqueous copper(II) sulphate was a frequent error.
3
(d) The correct answer, hydrogen, was the mark scored most frequently in this question.
(e) Ignoring ‘giant’ in the question, bromine and sulphur were common answers.
Question 2
As for Question 1 it was unusual for all eight marks to be scored.
(a) Although the mark allocation for this section was shown as four, many answers did not contain four
points. Any three from fermentation, yeast, using glucose solution and a temperature in the range
20° to 40° C were allowed. The fourth mark for the equation was rarely scored. Either the
equation was unbalanced or there was no attempt at the equation.
(b) The displayed formula in (i) was usually correct, as was the name, water or steam, in (ii). In (iii),
phosphoric acid as the catalyst was well known. For the temperature and pressure, specific figures
were required. Temperatures in the range 300° to 400° C and pressures of 40 to 80 atmos were
allowed. No credit was given for generalised statements such as high temperature or high
pressure.
Question 3
A generally high scoring question with many candidates gaining all eight marks.
(a) Well known. Some indication that carbon and hydrogen are the only elements present was
required.
(b) With the wide range of acceptable answers available, incorrect suggestions were rare.
(c) All four marks in this section were frequently gained. One type of error seen in (i) and (ii) was a
result of not reading the question. Two formulae of specific compounds were required. Names
and general formulae were not accepted. The tests in (iii) were very well known.
Question 4
Most candidates scored some marks on this question but full marks were rare.
(a) Either the phrase ‘global warming’ or a specific example of this effect was accepted.
(b) A source of methane was not well known. Car exhausts was a common misconception.
(c) In order to score, the candidates were required to refer to the greenhouse factor given in the table.
Many irrelevant accounts of the removal of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis were seen.
(d) Only about half of the candidates mentioned ozone depletion. Skin cancers and some effect on
plant growth are examples of unacceptable answers.
Question 5
There was a wide range in the quality of the answers to this question.
(a) Almost every candidate scored this point. Some thought that the water evaporated.
(b) Either reference to the balance readings or to the effervescence ceasing was accepted. Some
suggested that the marble had completely reacted.
(c) The two calculations in (i) and (ii) were very well answered and figures other than 0.10 moles of
acid and 0.02 moles of carbonate were rare.
In (iii), not many candidates could use these two figures to show that an excess of the acid was
present. An excess of the acid because 0.10 is greater than 0.02 was a frequent suggestion.
Others ignored the equation given in the question and worked with a 1:1 mole ratio.
(d) That the rate would increase was well known. Reference to an increase in the frequency of
collisions was often omitted.
4
Question 6
This was the question in this section most likely to lead to a zero score for the weaker candidates. Stronger
candidates could score all six marks.
(a) Failure to mention pH at all by stating that the change was from acid to alkali was the most frequent
error.
(b) This ionic equation was not often correct. Many candidates gave a molecular equation.
(c) The meaning of ‘acid’ in (i) was well known but the response to (ii) was poor. Confusion between
strength and concentration was frequent. That a strong acid gave more hydrogen ions than a weak
acid was a typical attempt.
(d) Again, the ionic equation was not well done. Many had an Mg2+ ion on the left-hand side or only
one H+.
Question 7
The candidates found this to be the most difficult question in this section.
(a) That the ions cannot move was the only possible answer. Movement of electrons and movement
of molecules were very frequent errors.
(b) Very few candidates could score on this section. There were many lengthy accounts of the transfer
of electrons between the atoms of the elements. Melting points, determined by the attractive forces
between the ions was not understood.
(c) Many good diagrams were given and for some candidates this was the only section in this question
to score. Common errors were to omit the inner electron pair and failure to show any charges on
the ions.
Section B
Many candidates scored highly on this section and, with the exception of Question 8, full marks were often
awarded.
Question 8
This was by far the least popular question and also the one leading to the lowest scores.
(a) The source of oxygen was better known than that of hydrogen. Electrolysis of water was not
accepted as a source of either gas.
(b) The name of the electrolyte was well known.
(c) Ignoring the equations given in the question, oxidation was a more popular choice than the correct
response of reduction. With just one mark available, only the reason for the selection of reduction
gained credit.
(d) This calculation caused problems for many candidates. Although the question specifically asked
for the volume of oxygen needed, this figure was missing from many answers. An incorrect
connection between the volume of oxygen and the mass of water formed resulted in many answers
of either half or double the correct figure of 180 g of water.
(e) About the only valid advantage seen with any frequency was that water as the only product causes
no pollution problems. Vague references to cost were not accepted, expensive electrodes were
allowed. Although the question showed that the fuel cell was for use in a space shuttle, difficulty in
transporting the cell was a commonly quoted disadvantage.
5
Question 9
A popular and generally high scoring question.
(a) Both sections of this question were well answered. Some candidates gave their answer on
page 11 of the Question Paper.
(b) Failure to read the question resulted in structures for pentanoic acid rather than propanoic acid.
Candidates should be advised that a displayed formula requires inclusion of the bond between O
and H in an acid.
(c) Many correct calculations were given. Since the question asked for an empirical formula, the
answer, HCO2H, was not accepted.
(d) The names of the products were scored more often than the equation. An incorrect formula for
magnesium ethanoate was the main problem. Again, failure to read the question was the reason
for the answers using magnesium rather than magnesium oxide.
(e) The reaction with ethanol was usually scored but the use of concentrated sulphuric acid in this
reaction was often omitted. Many candidates included a correct equation in their answer. In that
this equation was not required by the question, additional credit could not be allowed.
Question 10
A popular and high scoring question.
(a) This tended to be a three or zero section. Energy required to make bonds was a common error.
Disregarding the structural equation given in the question, many stated that more bonds are formed
than are broken.
(b) Many candidates could arrive at 222.5 kJ. The Examiners allowed –222.5 kJ but the unit kJ/mol
was not correct here.
(c) These diagrams varied widely in quality. A common error was the failure to indicate where the
reactants and the products were on the diagram. The question asked for labels for both the
activation energy and the enthalpy change. Although the activation energy was usually shown, an
indication of the enthalpy change was often missing.
(d) This diagram was almost always correct.
Question 11
The most popular and also the highest scoring question in this section.
(a) Many equations were correct. N for N2 was the most frequent error.
(b) Answers to (i) and (ii) were usually correct. In (iii), calcium oxide was the common error.
(c) Both an oxidising agent and a catalyst were acceptable answers. For those choosing an oxidising
agent, the reason had to include some explanation of oxidation. Mere repetition of the words
oxidation and reduction was insufficient.
(d) Many correct statements were seen. Some lengthy descriptions of this process were given but
they usually included the key facts of a temperature in the range 450° to 600° C and vanadium(V)
oxide as the catalyst. With reluctance, the Examiners allowed the name vanadium oxide for the
catalyst. Referring to the question, a formula was not accepted.
6
Paper 5070/03
Paper 3 – Practical Test
General comments
The overall standard was pleasing with many candidates demonstrating a sound understanding of both
qualitative and quantitative techniques.
Question 1
(a) Reactions of hydrogen peroxide
This proved to be the most difficult part of the Paper. Many candidates lost marks for incomplete,
incorrect, observations and the ‘chemical’ language used was often contradictory, e.g. many
candidates recorded the formation of “soluble precipitates”.
Test 1
The addition of potassium dichromate(VI) to an acidified solution of hydrogen peroxide produces a

very dark blue or purple solution, which rapidly begins to effervesce and turn green. As is always
the case, candidates were expected to make the observation (effervesces or bubbles), test for the
gas (relights a glowing splint) and then to name the gas (oxygen). A large number of candidates
lost marks by failing to include all three pieces of information. There was the usual confusion with
hydrogen which ‘pops’ with a lit splint and oxygen which relights a glowing splint, often with a ‘pop’.
A range of colours was allowed, but not black or dark and marks were lost for reporting coloured
precipitates rather than solutions.
Test 2
With equal volumes of hydrogen peroxide and potassium iodide a solution of iodine is produced,
the colour of this solution will lie between yellow and brown depending on the precise
concentrations used. Candidates who reported a black precipitate (or similar) had used too much
hydrogen peroxide and did not score.
Test 3
When hydrogen peroxide is added to aqueous iron(II) sulphate, oxidation takes place and the
solution becomes noticeably more yellow, there is no precipitate at this stage. Subsequent addition
of aqueous sodium hydroxide produces the usual red/brown precipitate of iron(III) hydroxide. This
was often accompanied by the decomposition of any excess hydrogen peroxide and the evolution
of oxygen gas.
Test 4
The addition of S (manganese (IV) oxide) to the hydrogen peroxide catalyses the decomposition
and vigorous effervescence is seen. Candidates were again expected to report the observation
and test for and name the gas. Leaving the mixture to stand should have enabled candidates to
see that S settles and has not changed its state, allowing the later conclusion that it had not been
used up and had acted as a catalyst. There are no additional precipitates formed and the solution
remains colourless, once S has settled and the effervescence has slowed.
7
Conclusions
The formation of a brown precipitate of iron(III) hydroxide with sodium hydroxide in Test 3 indicates
that the original iron(II) sulphate has been oxidised and that the hydrogen peroxide had acted as
an oxidising agent.
Similarly S remains unchanged in Test 4 and has therefore acted as a catalyst.
Many candidates had great difficulty with these conclusions with many guessing and changing their
minds several times. It is always the case that conclusions come from the experimental
observations and candidates are not expected to know the theoretical answer.
(b) Determination of the concentration of hydrogen peroxide
Although most candidates coped well with the relatively difficult manganate (VII) titration, there
were a number who appeared to have never carried out a titration before and therefore failed to
score many marks. Full marks were awarded for two results within 0.2 cm3 of the Supervisor’s
value and then for averaging two or more results which did not differ by more than 0.2 cm3.
Teachers are asked to continue to emphasise that in all titration exercise, candidates should repeat
the titration as many times as necessary, until they have obtained consistent results, and then to
average these consistent results, having first ‘ticked’ ALL of them to indicate that these are their
most accurate values. Although many candidates do carry out this procedure carefully, a
significant number still tick only one results (or none at all) and often use another value in the
summary. Another common fault is for candidates to average all their results even if they had
‘ticked’ only one result. When carrying out titrations, candidates are expected to use their chemical
judgement and sometimes reject some of their values.
(c) The calculation of the concentration of hydrogen peroxide was not well done, with many candidates
making no attempt at this part of the Paper.
Most candidates who scored the marks in part (c) did so by using the basic equation:
Conc. H2O2 ´ Vol. H2O2 0.02 ´ Vol. KMnO 4

=
5 2
Any equivalent method involving calculating the number of moles of hydrogen peroxide in 25 cm3
(or 20 cm3) of solution, as the first step, was equally acceptable. Answers were required to three
significant figures. It is an important skill to recognise that titrations are an accurate method for
determining concentrations and using the correct number of significant figures is a way of recording
this.
Question 2
It was intended that this part of the Paper would be relatively straightforward to balance a difficult
Question 1. This did not appear to be the case and answers were, in many cases, disappointing.
Tests on Solution T (zinc sulphate)
Tests 1 and 2
Addition of either aqueous sodium hydroxide or aqueous ammonia to zinc sulphate produces a white
precipitate which dissolves in excess to give a colourless solution. Whilst many candidates scored full marks
in these two tests, many lost marks by failing to describe the colourless nature of the final solution. Clear
and colourless are not the same. More worryingly many simply described the initial reaction as turning the
mixture ‘milky or cloudy’ neither of which are acceptable terms.
Test 3
There is no reaction with silver nitrate or when nitric acid is subsequently added. Candidates often tried quite
hard to describe some sort of chemical change but they should recognise that there will occasionally be
Tests which do not have any positive observations to report.
8
Test 4
With barium nitrate, zinc sulphate produces a white precipitate which does not dissolve on the addition of
nitric acid. As in Tests 1 and 2 many candidates lost marks by using imprecise descriptions, ‘turns milky’
was again very common.
Conclusions
In the introduction, T was described as a “simple salt” and the intention was that this would indicate that it
contained one positive and one negative ion. Surprisingly many candidates gave either two positive ions
(often aluminium and zinc) or two negative ions (chloride and sulphate). Candidates could use either names
or correct formulae for the ions and as always conclusions required correct observations to score.
Paper 5070/04
General comments
The Alternative to Practical Chemistry Paper is designed to test the candidate’s knowledge and experience
of Practical Chemistry. Skills including recognition and calibration of apparatus and their uses, recall of
experimental procedures, handling and interpretation of data including the drawing and interpretation of
graphs, analysis of unknown salts and calculations are to be tested. The standard in general continues to be
maintained and the majority of candidates show evidence of possessing many of the aforementioned skills.
Most candidates show competence of accurately plotting points on graphs although the connecting of these
points freehand, rather than using a ruler to draw a straight line occurs too frequently. A large number of
candidates continue to confuse the tests for oxygen and hydrogen. This has been mentioned in previous
reports. The rounding up and down of answers to calculations should be discouraged and the appropriate
number of significant figures should be carried through all calculations.
Question 2
(a) Aqueous ammonia turns litmus blue.
(b) The gas evolved is ammonia, which is confirmed by litmus turning blue or any other correct test
such as the formation of white fumes with a stopper from a bottle of concentrated hydrochloric acid,
not dilute hydrochloric acid. Several candidates stated that the gas is oxygen or hydrogen. These
answers are incorrect but for these two gases, only, a correct test for either gas, could score the
last two marks.
(c)(i) The other essential element is nitrogen.
(ii) The molar mass for ammonium phosphate is 149, which gives an answer of 208 g of phosphorus
produced from 1 kg of the salt. Several candidates lost the second mark by not stating the unit of
mass with the answer, i.e. 208 g or 0.208 kg. The second mark may be obtained, if an incorrect
molar mass is correctly used to calculate a mass of phosphorus. Candidates must show all their
working, as an incorrect answer alone, scores no marks.
Question 3
(a) Although the correct answer is 5.80 g many candidates wrote it as 5.8. All candidates should
maintain the number of significant figures with any calculation answer.
(b) The correct acid is nitric acid.
9
(c)(i) The heating is done in the fume cupboard to ensure that students are not exposed to the
poisonous gas, nitrogen dioxide. The toxicity of the gas is the point to mention.
(ii) The dish was reweighed to ensure that constant mass was obtained, indicating that decomposition
is complete. Answers suggesting that it is to check that the first weight was accurate, were not
acceptable.
(iii) The mass of magnesium oxide was 5.50 g giving a percentage yield of ....
(d) 94.8%.
(e) This question allows candidates to think of any possible errors that may have occurred during the
experiment. Answers included: “the initial sample of magnesium oxide was impure”, or “a small
amount of the powder was lost or solution was spilled when carrying the dish”. It was pleasing to
see a large number of candidates thinking about the question and producing some appropriate
answers.
Questions 4 - 8
The correct answers are a, d, b, d and a respectively.
Question 9
(a) The correct apparatus is a pipette.
(b) The colour change is yellow to orange, pink or red.
(c) The reading of the burettes was generally excellent. However, many candidates do not indicate
which titres have been used to calculate the average volume to be used in the calculation.
Candidates should always indicate the titres to be used with a tick in each case.
(d) The correct answer is 0.003 moles.
(e) The candidate’s average volume is used to calculate the answer which is 0.001 moles, if 22.3 cm3
was used as the average.
(f) This answer is the result of dividing answer (d) by answer (e). Candidates are expected to give an
accurate answer to this calculation which is then rounded up or down for the answer to part (g).
(g) The value for x is 3, which should then be used to produce a balanced equation for (h). Any other
calculated value for x may be appropriately used in an alternative equation.
Question 10
(a) Any inert electrode is acceptable, the most popular choice being carbon or graphite.
(b) Copper is deposited at electrode E. Although the answer ‘cathode’ is correct, the letter of the
electrode must be stated as requested in the question.
(c) A gas or effervescence is seen at the other electrode. It was not necessary to state which gas, as
unless tested, its identity cannot be confirmed.
(d)(i) The total increases at 30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes are 1.35, 1.80, 2.25 and 2.25 g respectively.
(ii) These masses should be plotted on the graph and connected by two straight lines using a ruler.
Any incorrect increase in mass in (d)(i) could obtain marks subsequently, providing that these
incorrect points are accurately plotted and connected on the graph.
(iii) A correctly plotted graph will give an answer of 35.5 minutes for the time taken to deposit 1.60 g of
copper.
(iv) The last two readings are identical, as there is no more copper or copper ions remaining in the
solution. Alternative answers, suggesting that the electrolysis was finished or complete, were
acceptable.
10
(e) The colour is blue at the start of the experiment and colourless at the end. Many candidates use
the word clear instead of colourless or give answers such as bluish or lighter blue, all of which are
incorrect.
(f) To gain the mark, candidates must draw a straight line on the existing angled line and extend it
further to give one straight line only.
(g) The final colour is blue.
Question 11
(a) The test will give a white precipitate to confirm the presence of sulphate ions.
(b) Effervescence is seen producing a gas, which turns lime-water milky.
(c) The test for iodide ions requires the addition of nitric acid followed by aqueous lead(II) nitrate.
There is a mark for the word aqueous to describe the state of lead(II) nitrate. The large majority of
candidates scored well on this question indicating a sound knowledge of experimental inorganic
analysis.
Question 12
(a)(i) Apparatus M is a fractionating tube or column and is used to,
(ii) Separate liquids or vapours, separate being the important word.
(iii) Apparatus N is a condenser and is used to,
(iv) Cool or change vapours to liquids. An answer stating that it is used to condense vapours was
insufficient as it does not explain the meaning of the word, condense.
(b) The hydrocarbon mixture is very flammable thus a water bath is used, for safety reasons, rather
than a flame to heat the mixture.
(c) The reading on the thermometer was 69°C when the first few drops distillate were seen.
(d) The candidates knew that all the first alkane had distilled over when the thermometer showed an
increase in temperature.
11
SR12IN0201
FOREWORD ....................................................................................................................... 1
CHEMISTRY ....................................................................................................................... 2
Paper 5070/02 Theory................................................................................................................................... 4
Paper 5070/03 Paper 3 - Practical Test ........................................................................................................ 7
1
GCE Ordinary Level
Paper 5070/01
Multiple Choice
Question Question
Key Key
Number Number
1 B 21 B
2 B 22 D
3 A 23 B
4 A 24 A
5 D 25 B
6 D 26 C
7 B 27 D
8 A 28 B
9 B 29 A
10 D 30 B
11 A 31 C
12 B 32 B
13 A 33 B
14 A 34 A
15 A 35 D
16 B 36 B
17 C 37 C
18 D 38 A
19 A 39 D
20 D 40 C
General comments
All the questions proved straightforward with the exception of Question 34 which had a very strong distracter
in alternative C. Two questions, namely Questions 15 and 17, proved to be very easy and Questions 4, 15,
26 and 40 had low discrimination.
In general the Paper discriminated well between the candidates and proved to be a good test of knowledge
and understanding.
Question 2
The responses to this question suggested that many of the candidates were guessing. The question
involved little if any chemical knowledge and simply the ability to interpret the information given by a graph.
An ability required by all chemists.
2
Question 4
An aqueous solution of barium ions on the addition of sulphate ions always forms a white precipitate of
barium sulphate. This is the basis of the test for sulphate ions. Thus the state symbol aq after MSO4 was
the key to obtaining the correct answer.
Question 8
Atom Y (2.8.1..) was the atom of a metal and atom Z (2.8.7.) was the atom of a non-metal and could be
expected to bond ionically making alternative D, which was popular, incorrect.
Question 19
Alternative D had more candidates choosing it than had the correct answer A. The change from Zn2+ in
Z2+S2- to Zn is reduction, making D incorrect.
Question 24
Compounds of transition metals are usually coloured and the choice of answer for this question could be
quickly reduced to a choice between alternatives A and B.
Question 26
Industry has to take into account many considerations when deciding upon a particular method of
preparation for a chemical and cost is almost always a major consideration. Iron could be manufactured by
electrolysis but the reduction of haematite by coke is cheaper.
Question 29
This question proved to be difficult but a good discriminator. Carbon dioxide is the gas to which all carbon
compounds in the exhaust gases are converted and hence the answer to the question.
Question 34
The statement on the Question Paper in alternative A was almost a direct quote from the syllabus and the
question was intended to be a matter of simple recall. Unfortunately alternative C was too strong a distracter
and proved to be favoured by a large number of the entry.
Question 40
This question from an Examiner’s point of view had by far the worst statistics of any on the Paper. This was
surprising since it had been used quite successfully on previous occasions, although these occasions were
quite a number of years ago.
3
Paper 5070/02
Theory
General comments
A full range of performance was seen from candidates. Some exceptional candidates achieved almost full
marks. The candidates appeared to use their time well. Candidates answered longer questions well. Most
candidates showed skills in answering longer questions by attempting to write separate answer points to
match the number of marks for longer part questions.
The Paper revealed very good understanding of syllabus chemistry in some areas. Candidates showed a
very good grasp of areas such as organic chemistry, rates of reaction and in factual recall. Candidates
showed exemplary skills in the setting out of calculations and the inclusion of the relevant units. More able
candidates should be encouraged to work out calculations involving industrial quantities i.e. tonnes, using
reacting ratios, rather than always converting all masses to grams and then back to tonnes. Such working is
unnecessary and leads to arithmetic errors.
New syllabus areas were well attempted. Energy level diagrams were problematic for some candidates.
Where understanding of environmental issues is tested, candidates need to ensure that they make clear,
scientific points. Vague answers that mention ‘pollution’ will not score.
Some Examiners again commented on the need for using the lined pages provided for answering Section B
questions. Some candidates are including part answers on pages where the questions are printed. This
should be discouraged, because answers not on the lined pages may be mistaken for rough work.
Section A
Question 1
Fewer candidates than usual scored full marks for the introductory question, although most scored at least
four of the possible six marks. Common errors were naming hydrogen as the gas used to make ammonia for
(a)(ii), which did not score, as it was not one of the gases available for selection from the table. The diagram
of the gas particles for part (v) was well answered, but many candidates drew the gas particles at spacings
not much greater than those of the solid. Some candidates misread or misunderstood the meaning of the
word ‘higher’ in part (b), and wrongly gave ‘nitrogen’ as the answer to (ii) i.e. the gas present in the highest
percentage, rather than carbon dioxide, the gas whose percentage becomes higher.
Question 2
The candidates showed good understanding of the new area of the syllabus tested in this question. For (a)
most knew that UV caused harm to humans, but many scored only one from the possible two marks. Some
answers did not make it clear that ozone depletion allows more UV through to the surface of the earth, some
showed only partial understanding of the harmful nature of UV e.g. ‘causes cancer’. Better answers clearly
stated skin cancer or cataracts as resulting from increased UV exposure. The dot and cross diagram was
well done by more able candidates. Common errors were to omit the six non-bonding electrons from the
fluorine atoms or to add an additional electron to each hydrogen. For part (c) too many gave the formula
‘HF’ when the question clearly asked for the name of the product. Some gave the name as ‘hydrofluorine’.
For (iii) a surprising number of candidates thought that the rate of reaction depended on the mass of
bromine compared to fluorine, sometimes discussing diffusion rates, rather than the relative reactivity of the
two halogens.
4
Question 3
This question was very well answered. Only very weak candidates failed to score the marks for knowledge
of sub-atomic particles in (a). Some candidates unfortunately used a dash ‘-’ to show the charge on a
neutron. This was ambiguous, as it could have been a negative sign, or could imply no charge, and so this
answer did not score. Candidates found (b) challenging. T+ and T2+ were very common answers. Marks
were lost in (c) due to vague answers e.g. ‘tritium has similar properties to hydrogen’. This repeated the
question and so did not score – a clear link to the state of water or ‘hydrogen oxide’ was needed. Some
answered by discussing tritium as an element, and hence said that it was a gas, like hydrogen.
Question 4
This question asked for similarity and a difference between two structures. Candidates did not always use
ideas about structures, but gave vague answers which did not score. When a difference is asked for, it is
important that the answer makes a comparison e.g. ‘Propene contains a double bond, propane does not.’
scores 1, but ‘Propene contains a double bond.’ is not enough to score.
Part (a) was well answered, most candidates correctly stating that both structures contain 3 carbon atoms or
are hydrocarbons. Some believed that propane contained four carbons. The difference between the
molecules was not so well answered, with too many failing to give a structural difference, as stressed in the
question. Hence, answers which used the terms ‘saturated’ and ‘unsaturated’ only, did not score; a mention
of the double bond was needed.
Parts (b) and (c) were mostly correct, although some candidates tried to display the C6H5 part of the
molecule – this was not necessary. Nearly all knew that carbon dioxide is produced by complete
combustion, but surprisingly, many gave hydrogen as the second product. In discussing environmental
issues, such as the advantages of disposing of polystyrene by burning, it is important that the candidates
make clear, scientific points. Vague responses e.g. ‘no air pollution’ ‘no land pollution’ etc. did not score
here. Better answers included ‘the energy produced can be used to generate electricity’, or ‘less space
needed for landfill sites’. A wide range of answers was given credit.
Question 5
This question tested a new syllabus area, and a wide spread of achievement and understanding was shown
by the candidates. Many candidates showed only partial understanding of the conventions used in energy
level diagrams. Most knew that the peak was related to the activation energy, some drawing a label which
pointed to the top of the curve. Many did not correctly draw a vertical line from the level of the products to
the level of the top of the curve. (Candidates were not penalised for double headed arrows or lines with no
arrows, but by convention, the arrowhead should point upwards). In drawing a catalysed reaction profile,
many candidates moved the curve to the left or the right, rather than drawing a lower curve. Weaker
answers moved one or both of the reactant and product lines to a lower level.
A great deal of confusion was revealed by candidate’s answers to (iii) about exothermic reactions and
bonds. Many discussed energy needed for breaking bonds (correct) compared to energy needed (incorrect)
for making bonds. Some believed that it was the number of bonds made and broken that was important.
Only very good candidates scored all three marks here. Part (b) was well answered, although a surprising
number of answers gave ‘lead’ and explained that this is a ‘transition metal’.
Question 6
Answers to this question showed that candidates have a good understanding of redox and can discuss redox
reactions in a number of ways; by oxygen or electron transfer, and by using oxidation numbers. Some lost
marks in (a)(ii) by discussing how iron oxide had been reduced, which did not answer the question, rather
than how carbon monoxide acts as a reducer i.e. by acting as an oxygen acceptor/electron donor. Part (b)
scored poorly. Again, if environmental issues are tested it is important that answers show some scientific
content to score. ‘Saves waste’ ‘reduces land pollution’ etc are too vague. Better answers included ‘Saves
finite iron resources’, and ‘Energy for recycling metals is less than extraction’. The calculation was well
done, but some candidates could not convert the ratio 0.9:1.2 into the formula Fe3O4, hence scoring only two
marks.
5
Section B
Question 7
This question was well answered, with most candidates scoring at least 8 marks. For (a) some failed to
identify carbon monoxide as the hazardous gas. Most gave excellent accounts of the formation of
carboxyhaemoglobin. In (b) some candidates gave confused responses which lacked focus and clarity and
so failed to score e.g. ‘sodium carbonate is too reactive to decompose’, ‘the bonds are too strong’. To score
full marks it was necessary to discuss why each reaction in turn would not occur for sodium compounds.
Part (c) was very well answered. Candidates clearly know this new syllabus area very well. A very few
weak candidates confused global warming with acid rain or ozone depletion. In part (d) it was necessary to
organise information about two experiments sequentially to gain five marks. Some candidates did not
manage to address all the points and so did not score fully e.g. equations or gas tests were omitted, despite
being asked for in the question. Many candidates gave incorrect observations here e.g. formation of
brown/dirty green precipitates. Predicting observations is an area where candidates are less well skilled.
Where equations were given they were usually correct, the commonest error being using the formula ‘ZnCl’
for zinc chloride.
Question 8
This question was extremely well answered, many scored full marks, despite the question containing several
marks for graph interpretation and calculations in an unfamiliar context. All knew the ions present in
aqueous copper(II) sulphate, although a very few gave O2- rather than OH-. Similarly (b) was answered very
well. Common equation errors were to reverse the equation or to give a wrongly balanced equation.
Candidates should note that Examiners accept ‘e’ or ‘e-’ or ‘electron’ to represent electrons in an equation.
Other abbreviations such as ‘ele’ or ‘ele-’ are not acceptable and will not score. A very few named and
tested hydrogen, rather than oxygen, as the anode product. Some candidates tested for oxygen using a
lighted rather than a glowing spill. The graph and calculation for (c) was very well done by all candidates,
with exemplary care in presentation of working and use of units.
Question 9
This question was the least popular choice, although candidates scored well if they attempted it. In (a), all
suggested correctly that the rate would increase, but many gave only a partial explanation that this was due
to more collisions, rather than the fully correct ‘more frequent collisions.’ Some candidates believed that
increasing pressure increases energy. Part (ii) was poorly answered, with almost all candidates wrongly
stating an increase in yield would result. The effect of pressure on equilibrium reactions involving gases is
not well understood.
Part (b) was straightforward for all – the effect of surface area on rate is very well known. For (c) the
calculation was well done, but many candidates carried out the working by very laboriously converting to
grams. Few used direct reacting ratios. Some stopped at the first stage giving 720/24 = 30 g as the full
answer. The equation proved difficult – candidates found adding the equations difficult. Multiples of the
correct equation were allowed to score. Very few correctly cancelled the numbers down correctly i.e.
‘4NH3 + 8O2à …’ was seen more often than ‘NH3 + 2O2à …’
Question 10
Candidates tended to score very high marks here – the manufacture of sulphuric acid is very well known.
Surprisingly, many did not know that calcium carbonate comes from limestone. ‘Lime’ ‘Ca(OH)2’ and
‘Calcium oxide’ were very commonly seen. The equation was given by all but the weakest candidates.
Again, most converted quantities to grams and back again when carrying out the calculation. Although
correct, this is unnecessary. More able candidates should be encouraged to work using reacting ratios.
The sulphuric acid manufacture was very well known, with many scoring all six available marks. Errors
included failing to identify at which stage the catalyst was used – some implied that vanadium(V) oxide was
involved when sulphur trioxide reacts to form oleum. Some did not mention the need for reacting sulphur
trioxide with concentrated sulphuric acid. The equations were very well done. Please note that where a
description of a process is tested, candidates should not use formulae as abbreviations in their written
description. Formulae should be used in the equations, but the compounds should be named in their main
answer.
6
Paper 5070/03
Paper 3 - Practical Test
General comments
The overall standard was very high and candidates are to be congratulated on the way they tackled the
examination. Only a minority of candidates were unable to demonstrate significant practical skills.
Comments on specific question
Question 1
(a) The titration was exceptionally well done, with most candidates scoring full, or nearly full marks.
Although redox titrations, using potassium manganate(VII), are relatively straightforward, the
overall standard was very pleasing. Full marks were awarded for recording two results within 0.2
cm3 of the Supervisor’s value and then for averaging two or more results which did not differ by
more than 0.2 cm3.
Teachers are asked to continue to emphasise that in any titration exercise, candidates should
repeat the titration as many times as necessary, until they have obtained consistent results, and
then to average these consistent results, having first ‘ticked’ them to indicate that these are their
most accurate values. Although the majority of candidates do carry out this procedure carefully, a
small number still tick only one result. Similarly a number of candidates average all their results,
irrespective of how consistent they are. Deciding whether to disregard some results is an important
skill, and Teachers are asked to reinforce this message.
It is clear that a few candidates ‘alter’ their results at a late stage to ‘improve’ them. This often
leads to candidates losing marks. It is always advisable to record results as soon as possible and
to have confidence in their accuracy.
(b) Most candidates were able to calculate the correct concentration of the solution Q which was
iron(II) sulphate. Only a few inverted the volume ratio and even fewer used anything other than
the correct 5:1 mole ratio. The answer was required to three significant figures and fewer
candidates than usual over approximated.
(c) This part of the question asked candidates to use their answer to part (b) to calculate the
percentage of iron(II) that had been oxidised by the air. To do this candidates were required to
subtract their answer to (b) from the original concentration (0.125 mol/dm3) and to express their
answer as a percentage. The majority were able to do this successfully, the most common error
was to simply give the answer to (b) as a percentage of the original concentration. There was a
suggestion that some candidates might have thought that they were required to calculate the
percentage of the iron(II) sulphate which had been oxidised by the potassium manganate (VII) in
the titration, but in most cases, this did not seem to be the case.
Question 2
Candidates found this a demanding exercise, and the overall marks were lower than usual. Marks were
usually lost for incomplete rather than incorrect observations. Most candidates used the correct terminology
to describe colour changes and the formation of precipitates. When a reaction produces a number of
changes, candidates are expected to record them all, not just the final result.
Test 1
When dilute hydrochloric acid is added to R (sodium thiosulphate), there is no initial reaction and the solution
remains colourless. A white precipitate forms gradually and this slowly becomes yellow. All three of these
observations were required. Warming the solution produces sulphur dioxide, which turns potassium
dichromate (VI) green. The fact that the gas turned litmus red also gained some credit. A surprising number
of candidates thought chlorine was evolved, possibly linked to the reactions with aqueous silver nitrate which
appear later in the question. Ammonia and carbon dioxide were also claimed by a significant number of
candidates.
7
Test 2
Addition of R to acidified potassium manganate (VII) causes that solution to be decolourised. When left to
stand a precipitate of sulphur also forms. Clear is not an acceptable alternative to colourless, but in this Test
any indication of a white or yellow solid did score.
Test 3
Addition of an equal volume of aqueous silver nitrate causes the formation of a white precipitate which
rapidly begins to darken in colour, turning yellow then red and finally black. All these changes were required,
but a range of colours were acceptable for the intermediate colours.
Test 4
When excess silver nitrate is added rapidly, the white precipitate which still forms initially, dissolves to
produce a colourless solution. As this is a difficult test to carry out, candidates whose precipitate did not
dissolve completely or who obtained pale yellow/brown solutions also scored the marks.
Test 5
When an excess of R is added to iron(III) chloride the solution becomes very dark red or purple in colour.
Black is not an acceptable colour for a solution and there is no precipitate formed at this stage. The dark red
solution rapidly becomes paler, finally becoming virtually colourless. Any ‘paler’ colour was acceptable,
provided it was linked to a solution and not a solid. When aqueous sodium hydroxide is now added a green
precipitate of iron(II) hydroxide is formed. Candidates who failed to use the correct ratio of R to iron(III)
chloride initially either obtained a red/brown precipitate of iron(III) hydroxide, or a black precipitate which
contains a mixture of iron(II) and iron(III) hydroxides. Candidates should be encouraged to read the
instructions carefully and to use the stated quantities.
Test 6
When R is added to aqueous copper(II) sulphate the solution changes colour from blue to green and there is
no precipitate. Addition of aqueous sodium hydroxide now produces a precipitate which is blue for a very
short time before becoming green. A small number of candidates saw this change in colour and should be
congratulated on their powers of chemical observation. When dilute sulphuric acid is added the precipitate
dissolves to form a pale yellow solution. A range of colours were allowed throughout this test.
Conclusions
The formation of sulphur dioxide in Test 1, allows the conclusion that the anion in R contains the element
sulphur. A number of sulphur containing anions were also suggested but these did not score. It is important
that candidates read the question carefully before committing themselves to an answer. The formation of a
green or black precipitate in Test 4 confirms that R has acted as a reducing agent, converting the original
iron(III) chloride into a compound containing iron(II).
Paper 5070/04
General comments
This Paper is designed to test the candidate’s knowledge and experience of practical chemistry. Skills
including recognition and calibration of chemical apparatus and their uses, recall of experimental procedures,
handling and interpretation of data, analysis of unknown salts and calculations.
The standard in general is being maintained and the majority of candidates show evidence of possessing
many of the aforementioned skills.
Most candidates show competency of plotting points on a graph although a common error is not to use a
ruler to connect points, which are in a straight line, although instructed to do so.
It is also of concern that a large number of candidates confuse the tests for Oxygen and Hydrogen. A
glowing splint is not a test for Hydrogen, the gas requiring a flame to produce the characteristic ‘pop’.
8
Question 1
This experiment determines the percentage composition of Nitrogen in air, this being the gas, which does not
react with the copper.
(a)(i) The gas is Nitrogen and (ii) the volume remaining in the syringe is 72 cm3.
(iii) This gives a percentage of Nitrogen as 80%.
(iv) The copper compound is copper(II) oxide, of formula CuO which is black. Candidates who omitted
the oxidation state of copper in its name lost a mark.
(b)(i) The two products were copper and water. The question asks for names. Candidates who gave
formulae were penalised a mark.
(ii) The purpose of the hydrogen is to reduce the copper(II) oxide.
(iii) A test for hydrogen is the production of a ‘pop’ with a flame. A large number of candidates
continue to give the oxygen test using a glowing splint.
Question 2
This question proved to be the most difficult on the Paper for many candidates.
(a)(i) Following the reaction a yellow precipitate was produced which is removed by filtration.
(b)(i) To answer this part of the question it is necessary to calculate the number of moles of each of the
reagents i.e. 0.05 and 0.06 moles of potassium iodide and silver nitrate respectively. This means
that silver nitrate is the excess reagent.
(ii) To calculate the mass of silver iodide requires the use of the limiting reagent which is potassium
iodide. By multiplying the molar mass of silver iodide, 235g by 0.05 = 11.75g.
(c)(i) Silver chloride is a white precipitate, which darkens on standing.
(ii) The mass of silver iodide produced will be more than silver chloride as the molar mass of silver
iodide is greater than that of silver chloride.
Questions 3 – 6
The correct answers are (c), (d), (a), (b).
Question 7
(a) The mass of fertiliser weighed out is 1.76 g.
(b) Any correct test for ammonia scores the mark. The two most commonly given are litmus turning
blue and white fumes produced from exposing ammonia to hydrogen chloride gas or acid fumes.
For the latter test it is not acceptable to add hydrochloric acid, an answer seen on a number of
scripts.
(c) The colour change at the end-point is either red, pink or purple to colourless.
(d) The volumes of hydrochloric acid produced from the titrations were 27.6, 27.1and 27.3 giving a
mean value of 27.2 cm3. Candidates are asked to tick their best titration results. This is very
important where a candidate incorrectly reads the burettes giving volumes of acid not always
obvious as to which have been used to calculate the mean. The correct calculations are : (e)
0.00272, (f) 0.00272, (g) 0.0272, (h) 0.05, (i) 0.0228, (j)(i) 0.387 g, (ii) 22.0 g.
Candidates should maintain three significant figures throughout the calculations. Failure to do so is
penalised once only. Any incorrect answer may be consequentially used to gain the remaining
marks.
9
Question 8
This question involves the analysis of the salt zinc chloride, ZnCl2.
Test 1 - A colourless solution is obtained. Answers stating a colourless compound would lose the mark.
Tests 2 and 3 produce a white precipitate, which is soluble in excess. Candidates should not use solid,
deposit or compound instead of precipitate. Test 4 - The test for a chloride is the addition of nitric acid and
silver nitrate to produce a white precipitate. Care should always be taken to ensure that the acid is the
correct one. Many otherwise good answers are spoilt by the use of hydrochloric acid or in many cases by
the unspecific use of the word acidify.
Question 9
(a) The precipitate is barium sulphate of formula BaSO4.
(b) The correct masses of precipitate are 0.93, 1.20, 1.86, 2.33, and 2.33g.
(c) When plotted on the graph candidates are instructed to join the points with two straight lines. The
first four points fall on an angled straight line, which then becomes a horizontal line with the final
two points.
(d) The point 1.20 is obviously the incorrect point as it is below the line, the correct value taken from
the line is 1.40. Candidates whose line followed all the points including the incorrect one lost a
mark.
(e) The volume of K producing 1.60 g of precipitate is 6.8 cm3.
(f) The masses of precipitate were the same in the last two experiments because the experiment had
finished. Other better answers included that all the barium chloride had been used but a similar
statement involving sulphuric acid was incorrect.
(g) The last part of the question requires the candidate to recognise that whatever the volume of K, the
volume of J is the limiting factor, hence the mass of precipitate is 0.47 g in all three cases.
10

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Chemistry All Ms p2

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Cambridge Assessment International Education

Cambridge Ordinary Level

This document consists of 10 printed pages.

© UCLES 2019 [Turn over

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:

Marks must be awarded in line with:

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2:

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3:

Marks must be awarded positively:

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4:

© UCLES 2019 Page 2 of 10

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6:

© UCLES 2019 Page 3 of 10

Question Answer Marks

2(a) Any two from 2

• low melting point / low boiling point (1)

2(b) drawing of electronic structure of 2.8.1 1

moles sodium 2 × 0.0125 OR 0.025 (1)

mass of sodium = 0.575 g (1)

2(d) sodium (atom) loses electron(s) (1) 3

oxygen (atom or molecule) gains electron(s) (1)

two electrons gained by oxygen (atom) (1)

2(e)(ii) anode: chlorine AND cathode: hydrogen 1

2(e)(iii) (add nitric acid) then (aqueous) silver nitrate (1) 2

white precipitate (1)

Question Answer Marks

3(a) Any three from: 3

• idea of distillation apparatus, e.g. flask connected to condenser (1)

• flask or solution heated (1)

• idea that only water vaporised (when flask heated) (1)

• water vapour converted to (liquid) water (in condenser) (1)

Cu = 0.33 Cs = 0.33 Cl = 0.99 (1)

© UCLES 2019 Page 5 of 10

4(a) Any three from: 3

Use a titration method (1)

with suitable named alkali, e.g. (aqueous) sodium hydroxide (1)

use a known concentration of the alkali (1)

use a known volume of acid (1)

record volume of alkali added when indicator changes colour (1)

4(b)(i) 1.38 mol / dm3 1

gradient of graph is greatest / slope of graph is greatest (1)

4(c) rate decreased (no mark by itself) 3

particles move slower / particles have less kinetic energy (1)

decreased collision frequency / fewer collisions per second (1)

4(d) turns it red 1

4(e) lead chloride / silver chloride 1

4(f) CFCs destroy ozone / deplete ozone (1) 2

© UCLES 2019 Page 6 of 10

5(a)(i) boiling point of bromine: 2

density of liquid chlorine:

5(a)(ii) black / grey-black / purple-grey / purple-black 1

5(b) kills bacteria / disinfects the water 1

5(c)(i) Cl2 + 2I– → 2Cl – + I2 1

5(d) molar mass of NiCl 2 = 130 (1) 2

Question Answer Marks

6(c) gas because 130 °C is above the boiling point 1

© UCLES 2019 Page 7 of 10

6(e) Ca + 2CH3COOH → (CH3COO)2Ca + H2 1

6(f)(i) butyl ethanoate 1

Question Answer Marks

7(a)(i) equilibrium moves to the right (1) 2

(forward) reaction is exothermic (1)

7(a)(ii) equal number of moles of gas on each side of equation 1

enthalpy change shown as upward arrow and labelled (1)