Unit

05 MAGNETISM AND
ELECTROMAGNETISM

Learning Objectives
After completing this lesson, students will be able to:
‰‰Understand the concept of magnetic field.

‰‰Know the properties of magnetic field lines.

‰‰Calculate the force exerted on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field.

‰‰Understand the force between two parallel current carrying conductors.

‰‰Know the concept of electromagnetic induction and apply it in the case of generators.

‰‰Appreciate how voltage can be increased or decreased using transformers.

‰‰Understand the applications of electromagnet and apply the knowledge in

constructing devices using electromagnets.

TEXT BOOK EXERCISES

I. Choose the correct answer :

1. Which of the following converts electrical energy into mechanical energy?
(a) Motor (b) Battery
(c) Generator (d) Switch [Ans : (a) Motor]
2. Transformer works on ___________.
(a) AC only (b) DC only
(c) Both AC and DC [Ans : (a) AC only]
3. The part of the AC generator that passes the current from the armature coil to the
external circuit is
(a) field magnet (b) split rings
(c) slip rings (d) brushes [Ans : (d) brushes]
4. The unit of magnetic flux density is  [HY - 2019]
(a) Weber (b) weber/metre
(c) weber/metre2 (d) weber . metre2 [Ans : (c) weber/metre2]
II. Fill in the blanks :
1. The SI Unit of magnetic field induction is ________. [Ans : Tesla] [HY - 2019]
[77]

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78 Sura’s  Science - 9th Std  Unit 05  MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETISM

2. Devices which is used to convert high alternating current to low alternating current
is ___________  [Ans : transformers]
3. An electric motor converts ________.
 [Ans : electrical energy into mechanical energy ]
4. A device for producing electric current is ________ . [Ans : generator]
III. Match the following :
1. Magnetic material a) Oersted
2. Non-magnetic material b) Iron
3. Current and magnetism c) Induction
4. Electromagnetic induction d) Wood
5. Electric generator e) Faraday
Ans. 1 - b, 2 - d, 3 - a, 4 - e, 5 - c
IV. State whether true or false. If false, correct the statement :
1. A generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Ans. True.
2. Magnetic field lines always repel each other and do not intersect.
Ans. True.
3. Fleming’s Left hand rule is also known as Dynamo rule.
Ans. False.
Correct statement : Fleming's Left hand rule is also known as motor rule.
4. The speed of rotation of an electric motor can be increased by decreasing the area of
the coil.
Ans. False.
Correct statement : The speed of rotation of an electric motor can be increased by
increasing the area of the coil.
5. A transformer can step up direct current.
Ans. False.
Correct statement : A transformer can step up alternating current (AC).
6. In a step down transformer the number of turns in primary coil is greater than that of
the number of turns in the secondary coil.
Ans. True.
V. Answer in brief :
1. State Fleming’s Left Hand Rule.  [HY - 2019]
Ans. The law states that while stretching the three fingers of left hand in perpendicular
manner with each other, if the direction of the current is denoted by middle finger
of the left hand and the second finger is for direction of the magnetic field then
the thumb of the left hand denotes the direction of the force or movement of the
conductor.
2. Define magnetic flux density.
Ans. The number of magnetic field lines crossing unit area kept normal to the direction of
field lines is called magnetic flux density. Its unit is Wb/m2.

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Sura’s  Physics - 9th Std  Unit 05  MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETISM 79

3. List the main parts of an electric motor.

Ans. Main parts of an electric motor
(i) Field magnet.
(ii) Armature (Rectangular coil)
(iii) Split ring (Commutator)
(iv) Brushes
(v) Battery
4. Draw and label the diagram of an AC generator. [HY - 2019]
Ans.

PARTS
N, S - Permanent magnet
ABCD - Rectangular coil or armature.
S1, S2 - Slip rings
B1, B2 - Carbon brushes
5. State the advantages of ac over dc.
Ans. (i) The voltage of ac can be varied easily using a device called transformer. The ac
can be carried over long distances using step up transformers.
(ii) The loss of energy while distributing current in the form of ac is negligible.
(iii) Direct current cannot be transmitted as such. The ac can be easily converted
into dc and generating ac is easier than dc.
(iv) The ac can produce electromagnetic induction which is useful in several ways.
6. Differentiate step up and step down transformer.
Ans.
S. No. Step up transformer Step down transformer
1. It is a device used to raise the It is designed to reduce the
electric voltage (VS > VP). voltage (VS < VP).
2. It has more turns on its secondary It has less turns on the secondary
winding in comparison to the winding (NS < NP).
primary one (NS > NP).
3. It is used to start the electrical It is used to balance the ratio of
motor and step-up the windings. voltage and current on the
primary and secondary windings.

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80 Sura’s  Science - 9th Std  Unit 05  MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETISM

4. It takes a lot of voltage to initially The secondary windings has fewer

start the motor turning. It turns which mean low voltage and
increases the voltage but decreases higher current while it is opposite
the current. in the case of the primary winding.
5. It is found is television and in It is found in laptops and phone
power stations. chargers.
7. A portable radio has a built in transformer so that it can work from the mains
instead of batteries. Is this a step up or step down transformer? Give reason.
Ans. It is a step down transformer. So that rectified DC voltage is equal to battery voltage,
hence it can work on mains as well as on battery.
8. State Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction.
Ans. First law : Whenever there is a change in magnetic flux linked with a coil, an electric
current is induced. The induced potential difference lasts so long as there is a change
in the magnetic flux linked with the coil.
Second law : The magnitude of the induced current is directly proportional to the rate
of change of magnetic flux linked with the coil.
VI. Answer in detail :
1. Explain the principle, construction and working of a DC motor.
Ans. Principle : An electric motor works on the principle that a current carrying conductor
placed in a magnetic field experiences a force. The direction of force is given by
Fleming's left hand rule.
Construction : An electric motor consists of the following main parts:

Armature : It is a rectangular coil ABCD having a large number of turns of this

insulated copper wire wound over a soft iron core. The armature is placed between
the poles of the field magnet and it can be rotated about an axis perpendicular to the
magnetic field lines.
Split rings (commutators) : It consists of a cylindrical metal ring split into two
halves S1 & S2. As the coil rotates, the split rings also rotate about the same axis of
rotation. The function of the split ring is to reverse the direction of current in the coil
after every half rotation.
Carbon brushes : Two graphite or flexible metal rods maintain a sliding contact
with split rings S1 and S2 alternately.
Battery : A battery of few cells is connected to the brushes. The current from the
battery flows to the armature coil through the brushes and the split rings.

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UNIT
Magnetism and
3 Electromagnetism
5. The unit of magnetic flux density is
TEXT BOOK EXERCISES
a) Weber b) weber/metre
c) weber/meter2 d) weber . meter2

Y
I. Choose the correct answer. Ans: c.weber/meter2

H
1. Which of the following converts electrical II. Fill in the blanks.

IC
energy into mechanical energy. 1. The SI Unit of magnetic field induction is

TR
a) motor b) battery .
c) generator d) switch IN Ans: Testa

Ans: a) motor 2. No force acts in a current carrying

conductor when it is to the
LD

2. An electric generator converts magnetic field.

a) electrical energy into mechanical energy
R

Ans: Parallel
b) mechanical energy into heat energy
O

c) electrical energy into electrical energy 3. Devices which is used to convert high
W

alternating current to low alternating

d) mechanical energy into electrical energy.
current .
E

Ans: d) mechanical energy into electrical energy. Ans: set up transformer

C

4. An electric motor converts .

N

3. The part of the AC generator that passes

IE

the current from the armature coil to the Ans: electrical energy in to mechanical energy.
external circuit is 5. A device for producing electric current is
SC

a) field magnet b) split rings .

c) slip rings d) brushes Ans: Generator

Ans: d) brushes III. Match the following.

4. Transformer works on 1. Magnetic material (a) Oersted

a) AC only 2. Non-magnetic material (b) iron
b) DC only 3. Current and magnetism (c) induction
c) both AC and DC 4. Electromagnetic (d) wood
d) Ac nor efectively than DC
induction
Ans: a) AC only 5. Electric generator (e) Faraday

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 9 SCIENCE - TERM 2 SCIENCE WORLD IN TRICHY

Ans:
1. Magnetic material
2. Non-magnetic material
3. Current and magnetism
4. Electromagnetic
induction
5. Electric generator
IV. True or False:
1. A generator converts mechanical energy
into electrical energy.
V. Answer in brief.
(a) iron
1. State Fleming’s Left Hand Rule.
(b) wood
Fleming’s Left hand Rule states that
(c) Oersted while stretching the three fingers of left
hand in perpendicular direction with
(e) Faraday
each other, if the direction of the current
is denoted by middle finger of the left
(e) induction hand and the second finger is for
direction of the magnetic field then the
thumb of the left hand denotes the
direction of the force or movement of the
conductor.

Y
Ans: True 2. Define magnetic flux density.

H
2. Magnetic field lines always repels each The number of magnetic field lines

IC
other and do not intersect. crossing unit area kept normal to the direction

TR
Ans: True of field lines is called magnetic flux density. Its
unit is Wb/m2
3. Fleming’s Left hand rule is also known as IN
Dynamo rule.
Ans: False
LD

Fleming’s Right hand rule is also known as

Dynamo rule.
R

4. The speed of rotation of an electric motor

O

can be increased by decreasing the area of

W

the coil.
E

Ans: False,
The speed of rotation of an electric motor Magnetic flux density
C

can be increased by increasing the area of

N

the coil. 3. List the main parts of an electric motor.

IE

i) Field Magnet
5. A transformer can step up direct current. ii) A rectangular coil
SC

Ans: False, iii) Commutator

A transformer can step up alternating iv) Carbon brushes
current. 4. Draw and label the diagram of an AC
6. In a step down transformer the number generator.
turns in primary coil is greater than that of B C C B

the number of turns in the secondary coil.

N S N S
Ans: True
A D D A
B1 B1
S1 S1
B2 B2
S2 S2

Slip Rings Brushes Load Slip Rings Brushes Load

Case 1 Case 2

AC generator https://https://
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 9 SCIENCE - TERM 2 SCIENCE WORLD IN TRICHY
5. State an important advantage of ac over dc. 9. State Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic
1. The AC can be carried over long distances induction.
2. Generating AC is easier than DC
3. The loss of energy while distributing First Law:
current in the form of AC is negligible. whenever there is a change in the
4. The AC can be easily converted in to DC magnetic flux linked with a closed circuit
6. Differentiate step up and step down an emf is produced.
transformer. Second Law:

Step Up The amount of emf induced varies directly

Step
Ionic Down
Compounds
Transformer Transformer as the rate at which the flux changes.
VI. Answer in detail.
1.It is used to 1.It is used to
change a high 1. Explain the principle, construction and

Y
change a low
alternating voltage working of a dc motor.

H
alternating voltage
to low alternating

IC
to high alternating Principle:
voltage. voltage. Whenever a current carrying conductor is

TR
2.The number of 2.The number of placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a
turns in the turns in the mechanical force.
IN
secondary coil is secondary coil is less
more than the than the number of
LD

number of turns in turns in the primary

R

the primary coil. coil.

F
O

7. A portable radio has a built in transformer I B I

W

F
so that if can work from the mains instead Permanent
N
S
of batteries. Is this a step up or step down magnet Coil
E

Permanent magnet
transformer? Carbon brush
C

Carbon brush
Ans: Step down transformer.
N

Commutator
8. Two coils A and B of insulated wire are kept
IE

close to each other. Coil A is connected to a

SC

galvanometer. While coil B is connected to a

battery through a key. What would happen if
(i) a current is passed through coil B by
plugging the key?
(ii) the current is stopped by removing
the plug from the key?
i) As the key is plugged, at that instant,
there is a deflection in the galvanometer
due to induced emf ( generation of
current)
ii) As the key is removed there is
a deflection but in the opposite direction.
3.Magnetism and Electromagnetism
Construction:
An electric motor, consists of a rectangular
coil ABCD of insulated copper wire. The
coil is placed between two poles of a field
magnet such that the arm AB and CD are
perpendicular to the direction of magnetic
field. The ends of the coil are connected to
the two halves S1 and S2 of a split ring. The
inner side of these halves are insulated and
attached to an axle. The external
conducting edges of S1 and S2 touch two
conducting stationary brushes B1 and B2,
respectively.
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 9 SCIENCE - TERM 2 SCIENCE WORLD IN TRICHY

Working: Step down transformer: Te transformer

used to change a high alternating voltage
1. DC power supply
to a low alternating voltage is called a step
is switched on
down transformer (Vs < Vp). In a step down
2. Current flows into transformer, the number of turns in the
and out of the coil
secondary coils are less than the number of
through the carbon
brushes turns in the primary coil (Ns < Np).
3. Current in the coil 3. Draw a neat diagram of an AC generator.
produces a magnetic
field
B C C B

4. Magnetic fields due to S

N N S
current and permanent

Y
magnets combine to A D D A
form catapult fields

H
B1 B1
S1 S1

IC
B2 B2
S2 S2

Slip Rings Brushes Load Slip Rings Brushes Load

5. Magnetic forces

TR
Case 1 Case 2
act on the sides of
the coil beside the
poles of the magnets IN
6. Magnetic forces
LD

produce turning
effect to rotate
the coil
R

2. Explain two types of transformer.

O

Step up transformer: The transformer Prepared by

W

used to change a low alternative voltage to Z.YASMIN,M.Sc.,B.Ed.,

B.T ASST SCIENCE
E

a high alternating voltage is called a step CHENNAI HIGH SCHOOL

C

up transformer. ie (Vs > Vp) . In a step up SHARMA NAGAR, CHENNAI-39.

N

transformer, the number of turns in the

IE

secondary coil is more than the number of

SC

turns in the primary coil (Ns > Np).

.............................*********************...............................
Iron core
Step-up
transformer
Secondary
Primary coil coil

110/120 220/240
volts volts
97864 51463
Step-up
transformer

Primary coil

110/120 220/240
volts volts

Step up and Step down transformers

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