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Total Quality Management (TQM)

Subject Name : Introduction to Business

Submitted to : Muhammad Aftab
Submitted by : Hunaiza Shoukat Ali
Registration No. : 1025
Degree Program: BBIT
Department : Management Science
CONTENT
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01 02 03
Primary
elements of Benefits of
Introduction TQM TQM

04 05

Implementation of
TQM Conclusion
01 Introduction 3

 Total Quality Management (TQM) is a management philosophy that

emphasizes the continuous improvement of products, processes, and services to
meet or exceed customer expectations. It originated in the manufacturing sector
but has since been adopted across various industries, including healthcare,
education, and service sectors.

Key Principles of TQM:

 Customer Focus
 Continuous Improvement
 Employee Involvement
 Process-Centered Approach
 Data-Driven Decision Making
 Leadership Commitment
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02 Primary Elements of TQM

Following are the primary elements of Total Quality Management (TQM).

Customer-focused: The customer ultimately determines the level of quality. No matter what an
organization does to foster quality improvement training employees, integrating quality into the
design process, or upgrading computers or software the customer determines whether the efforts
were worthwhile.

Total employee involvement: All employees participate in working toward common goals.
Total employee commitment can only be obtained after fear has been driven from the workplace,
when empowerment has occurred, and when management has provided the proper environment.
High-performance work systems integrate continuous improvement efforts with normal business
operations. Self-managed work teams are one form of empowerment.
2.1 Primary Elements of TQM 5

Process-centered: A fundamental part of TQM is a focus on process thinking. A process is a

series of steps that take inputs from suppliers (internal or external) and transforms them into
outputs that are delivered to customers (internal or external). The steps required to carry out the
process are defined, and performance measures are continuously monitored in order to detect
unexpected variation.

Integrated system: Although an organization may consist of many different functional

specialties often organized into vertically structured departments, it is the horizontal processes
interconnecting these functions that are the focus of TQM.

Strategic and systematic approach: A critical part of the management of quality is the
strategic and systematic approach to achieving an organization’s vision, mission, and goals. This
process, called strategic planning or strategic management, includes the formulation of a
strategic plan that integrates quality as a core component.
2.2 Primary Elements of TQM 6

Continual improvement: A large aspect of TQM is continual process improvement. Continual

improvement drives an organization to be both analytical and creative in finding ways to become
more competitive and more effective at meeting stakeholder expectations.

Fact-based decision making: In order to know how well an organization is performing, data
on performance measures are necessary. TQM requires that an organization continually collect and
analyze data in order to improve decision making accuracy, achieve consensus, and allow
prediction based on past history.

Communications: During times of organizational change, as well as part of day-to-day

operation, effective communications plays a large part in maintaining morale and in motivating
employees at all levels. Communications involve strategies, method, and timeliness.
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03 Benifits of TQM

Total Quality Management (TQM) offers numerous benefits to organizations that implement it
effectively. Here are some key advantages.

 Improved Product Quality

 Enhanced Customer Satisfaction
 Increased Efficiency and Productivity
 Reduced Costs
 Better Decision Making
 Employee Empowerment and Morale
 Stronger Supplier Relationships
 Competitive Advantage
 Enhanced Brand Reputation
 Regulatory Compliance

Total Quality Management offers a holistic approach to quality improvement that benefits
organizations by improving product quality, customer satisfaction, operational efficiency, and
competitiveness in the marketplace.
 Implementation of TQM
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04

Implementing Total Quality Management (TQM) requires a systematic approach that involves all
levels of the organization. Here's a step-by-step guide to implementing TQM effectively.

 Create a TQM Implementation Plan

 Gain Leadership Support
 Establish a TQM Team
 Conduct Training and Education
 Identify Key Processes
 Set Quality Objectives
 Implement Continuous Improvement Tools
 Promote Employee Involvement
 Establish Feedback Mechanisms
 Monitor and Measure Progress
 Celebrate Successes and Learn from Failures
 Review and Improve Continuously
 Implementation of TQM
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4.1

Challenges of Implementing TQM

 Resistance to change from employees and management

 Lack of resources or expertise for implementation
 Difficulty in sustaining momentum for continuous improvement
 Balancing short-term goals with long-term quality objectives
 Review and Improve Continously
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4.2

Continuously reviewing and improving processes is a fundamental aspect of Total Quality

Management (TQM) and is essential for maintaining relevance and effectiveness in a dynamic
environment. Here's a closer look at the importance of this aspect and how it's implemented.

Adaptability: Markets, technologies, and customer needs evolve over time. Continuous review
allows organizations to adapt to these changes promptly and effectively.

Sustainability: TQM is not a one-time fix; it's an ongoing journey. Continuous improvement
ensures that the gains made in quality and efficiency are sustained over the long term.

Competitive Advantage: In a competitive landscape, organizations that continually innovate

and improve their processes gain a significant edge over their rivals.

Employee Engagement: Employees feel more engaged and motivated when they see their
suggestions being implemented and when they are actively involved in the improvement process.
 Conclusion
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Total Quality Management is practiced by many business organizations around the

world.It is a proven method for implementing a quality conscious culture across all the
verticaland horizontal layers of the company.

Based on the primary TQM elements, a TQM quality management method model has
beendeveloped. This model describes the primary quality management methods which may
be used to assess an organization’s present strengths and weaknesses with regard to its use of
quality management methods.

TQM implementation has positive effects on employee satisfaction, product quality,

customersatisfaction, and strategic business performance. Besides that, leadership has
positiveeffects on employee satisfaction and strategic business performance. For
employeesatisfaction, which will give them positives effects are employee participation,
recognitionand reward
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