BIANCA ROMERO ALVAREZ

FINAL LIN
Skimming predicting

"Skimming" es una técnica de lectura rápida que consiste en pasar la vista rápidamente sobre
el texto para obtener una idea general del contenido sin detenerse en los detalles. Esta técnica
es útil cuando se quiere encontrar información específica o cuando se necesita revisar una
gran cantidad de material en poco tiempo.

Predicción en el contexto de lectura se refiere a la habilidad de anticipar o predecir el

contenido o la información que sigue en un texto, basándose en pistas contextuales, el título,
subtítulos, y el conocimiento previo sobre el tema. Ambas técnicas son herramientas valiosas
para mejorar la comprensión y eficiencia en la lectura.

The Benefits of Regular Exercise

Regular exercise is essential for maintaining a healthy lifestyle. It not only helps in
controlling weight but also combats health conditions and diseases. Engaging in physical
activities can improve mood and boost energy. Furthermore, exercise promotes better sleep
and can be a fun and social activity. It's important to find a routine that works for you and
stick with it to see long-term benefits.

Trata sobre el ejercicio y su importancia en nuestro cuerpo

"How Regular Exercise Enhances Health and Quality of Life."

 Título y subtítulos: Comienza por leer el título: "The Benefits of Regular Exercise". Esto
te da una idea general del tema del texto.

 Primera frase de cada párrafo: Luego, lee la primera frase de cada párrafo. En este
caso:

 "Regular exercise is essential for maintaining a healthy lifestyle."

 "Engaging in physical activities can improve mood and boost energy."
 "Furthermore, exercise promotes better sleep and can be a fun and social activity."
 "It's important to find a routine that works for you and stick with it to see long-term
benefits."

 Palabras clave: Identifica palabras clave que se repiten o que parecen importantes, como
"exercise", "health", "mood", "energy", "sleep", "routine", y "benefits".
BIANCA ROMERO ALVAREZ

Active Voice:

 In an active sentence, the subject performs the action.

 The structure is usually:
 Subject + Verb + Object.

I----AM

SHE-------IS WAS

HE-----------IS

IT---------IS

WE--------ARE
WERE
YOU--------ARE

THEY--------ARE

 Subject + Verb + Object.

 HE + PLAYS +with the ball

Example:

 The cat (subject) chased (verb) the mouse (object).

Passive Voice:

 In a passive sentence, the action is performed on the subject.

 The structure is usually: Object + form of "to be" + past participle + (by Subject).
 The doer of the action can be included with "by," but it's often omitted.

Object + form of "to be" + past participle + (by Subject).

The movie was directed by a famous filmmaker .

1. The cake is being eaten by the child
2. That book was written by her
3. The book was read by the student
4. The window was broken by Pedro
5. Robots were invented by the scientist
6. Im going to be murdered tomorrow by oropeza
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7. The building is cleaned by the janitor

8. The cheese was eaten by the rat
9. iPhone was created by apple
10. The money was found by the boy
11. "The book was written by the renowned author."
12. The houses are designed and built by Engineers
13. Basketball was played by them yesterday
14. The college was taken by the students
15. "The problem was solved by the team yesterday."
16. The cookie was baked by her
17. my computer is being fixed by my dad

Example:

 The mouse (object) was chased (form of "to be" + past participle) by the cat (subject).

More Examples:

Active Voice:

 The teacher (subject) explained (verb) the lesson (object).

 The chef (subject) cooked (verb) the meal (object).

Passive Voice:

 The lesson (object) was explained (form of "to be" + past participle) by the teacher
(subject).
 The meal (object) was cooked (form of "to be" + past participle) by the chef (subject).

Key Points:

 Active voice is often more direct and clearer.

 Passive voice is useful when the doer is unknown or unimportant, or when you want
to emphasize the action itself.

Example:

 Active: The company launched a new product.

 Passive: A new product was launched by the company.
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Present Simple (Presente Simple)

 Uso: Se usa para hablar de hechos, rutinas y verdades generales.

 Estructura: Sujeto + verbo base (en tercera persona singular, se agrega -s o -es al
verbo).

Ejemplos:

 I eat breakfast every day.

 She reads a book every evening.

Past Simple (Pasado Simple)

 Uso: Se usa para hablar de acciones completadas en un tiempo específico en el

pasado.
 Estructura: Sujeto + verbo en pasado (regular: verbo + -ed; irregular: forma
específica del verbo).

Ejemplos:

 I visited my grandmother last weekend.

 He went to the store yesterday.

Present Progressive (Presente Progresivo)

 Uso: Se usa para hablar de acciones que están ocurriendo en este momento.
 Estructura: Sujeto + am/is/are + verbo + -ing.

Ejemplos:

 I am studying for my exams.

 They are playing soccer right now.

Present Perfect (Presente Perfecto)

 Uso: Se usa para hablar de acciones que ocurrieron en un tiempo no específico antes
del ahora. A menudo se enfoca en el resultado.
 Estructura: Sujeto + have/has + participio pasado del verbo.

Ejemplos:

 I have finished my homework.

 She has visited Paris three times.

Future Simple (Futuro Simple)

 Uso: Se usa para hablar de acciones que ocurrirán en el futuro. Puede ser un futuro
lejano o cercano, dependiendo del contexto.
 Estructura: Sujeto + will + verbo base.
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Ejemplos:

 I will travel to Japan next year.

 She will call you later.

Near Future (Futuro Cercano)

 Uso: Se usa para hablar de planes o intenciones en el futuro cercano.

 Estructura: Sujeto + am/is/are + going to + verbo base.

Ejemplos:

 I am going to visit my friend this afternoon.

 They are going to start a new project soon.

Modal Verbs (Verbos Modales)

 Uso: Se usan para expresar posibilidad, habilidad, permiso, obligación, etc.

 Verbos comunes: can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would.

Ejemplos:

 Can: She can swim very well.

 Could: Could you help me with this?
 May: May I leave the room?
 Might: It might rain tomorrow.
 Must: You must wear a seatbelt.
 Shall: Shall we go to the park?
 Should: You should eat more vegetables.
 Will: I will finish my work soon.
 Would: Would you like some coffee?
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Present Simple (Presente Simple)

Estructura:

 Afirmativo: Sujeto + verbo base (+s/es para tercera persona singular)(HE SHE IT)
 he drinks water
 Negativo: Sujeto + do/does + not + verbo base
 he does not play
 Interrogativo: Do/Does + sujeto + verbo base?

Do You play soccer?
 Una pregunta, que diferencia hay entre interrogativo de do you y are you? :(
 DO HACER
 ARE –SON O ESTAN

Ejemplos:

 Afirmativo: She reads books every day.

 Negativo: She does not read books every day.
 Interrogativo: Does she read books every day?

Past Simple (Pasado Simple)

Estructura:

 Afirmativo: Sujeto + verbo en pasado

 I played football yesterday
 Negativo: Sujeto + did + not + verbo base
 the did not eat pizza
 Interrogativo: Did + sujeto + verbo base?
 Did I need a car?


Ejemplos:

 Afirmativo: He visited Paris last summer.

 Negativo: He did not visit Paris last summer.
 Interrogativo: Did he visit Paris last summer?

Present Progressive (Presente Progresivo)

Estructura:

 Afirmativo: Sujeto + am/is/are + verbo + -ing

 Im studying English
 Negativo: Sujeto + am/is/are + not + verbo + -ing
 I'm not going to the school
 Interrogativo: Am/Is/Are + sujeto + verbo + -ing?
 Are you learning japanese?

Ejemplos:
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 Afirmativo: They are playing soccer now.

 Negativo: They are not playing soccer now.
 Interrogativo: Are they playing soccer now?

Present Perfect (Presente Perfecto)

Estructura:

 Afirmativo: Sujeto + have/has + participio pasado del verbo

 Peter has walked for three hours.
 Negativo: Sujeto + have/has + not + participio pasado del verbo
 I have not finished my homework.
 Interrogativo: Have/Has + sujeto + participio pasado del verbo?
 Has he called his friend?

Ejemplos:

 Afirmativo: She has finished her homework.

 Negativo: She has not finished her homework.
 Interrogativo: Has she finished her homework?

Future Simple (Futuro Simple)

Estructura:

 Afirmativo: Sujeto + will + verbo base

 She will visit the museum
 Negativo: Sujeto + will + not + verbo base
 she wil not drink
 Interrogativo: Will + sujeto + verbo base?
 Will it rain this weekend?

Ejemplos:

 Afirmativo: I will travel to Japan next year.

 Negativo: I will not travel to Japan next year.
 Interrogativo: Will I travel to Japan next year?

Near Future (Futuro Cercano)

Estructura:

 Afirmativo: Sujeto + am/is/are + going to + verbo base

 He is going to eat."
 Negativo: Sujeto + am/is/are + not + going to + verbo base
 I am not going to eat dinner tonight.
 Interrogativo: Am/Is/Are + sujeto + going to + verbo base?
 Is he going to play football with us?

Ejemplos:
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 Afirmativo: They are going to start a new project.

 Negativo: They are not going to start a new project.
 Interrogativo: Are they going to start a new project?


Modal Verbs (Verbos Modales)

Estructura:

 Afirmativo: Sujeto + modal verb + verbo base

 Must
 I must remember to buy groceries on my way home from work

Negativo: Sujeto + modal verb + not + verbo base

I can't sleep today

 Interrogativo: Modal verb + sujeto + verbo base?

 Should you study for tomorrow?

Ejemplos:

 Can:
oAfirmativo: She can swim very well.
oNegativo: She cannot (can't) swim very well.
oInterrogativo: Can she swim very well?
 Should:
o Afirmativo: You should eat more vegetables.
o Negativo: You should not (shouldn't) eat more vegetables.
o Interrogativo: Should you eat more vegetables?
 Must:
o Afirmativo: You must wear a seatbelt.
o Negativo: You must not (mustn't) wear a seatbelt.
o Interrogativo: Must you wear a seatbelt?
BIANCA ROMERO ALVAREZ

Base Form (Presente) Past Simple (Pasado Simple) Past Participle (Participio Pasado)
be was/were been
become became become
begin began begun
break broke broken
bring brought brought
build built built
buy bought bought
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
come came come
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
do did done
draw drew drawn
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
feel felt felt
find found found
fly flew flown
forget forgot forgotten
get got gotten
give gave given
go went gone
grow grew grown
have had had
hear heard heard
hit hit hit
keep kept kept
know knew known
leave left left
let let let
lose lost lost
make made made
meet met met
pay paid paid
put put put
read read (pronunciado "red") read (pronunciado "red")
run ran run
say said said
see saw seen
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Base Form (Presente) Past Simple (Pasado Simple) Past Participle (Participio Pasado)
sell sold sold
send sent sent
sing sang sung
sit sat sat
sleep slept slept
speak spoke spoken
spend spent spent
stand stood stood
swim swam swum
take took taken
teach taught taught
tell told told
think thought thought
understand understood understood
wear wore worn
win won won
write wrote written

Adjetivos Comparativos

 Uso: Se usan para comparar dos cosas.

 Formación:
o Para adjetivos de una sílaba, añade "-er" al final del adjetivo.
o Para adjetivos de dos sílabas que terminan en "-y", cambia la "-y" por "-ier".
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o Para adjetivos de dos o más sílabas (excepto los que terminan en "-y"), usa
"more" antes del adjetivo.
o Fabián is taller than franco

Ejemplos:

 Adjetivo de una sílaba:

o Tall → Taller
o Fast → Faster
 Adjetivo de dos sílabas que termina en "-y":
o Happy → Happier
o Busy → Busier
 Adjetivo de dos o más sílabas:
o Interesting → More interesting
o Expensive → More expensive

Oraciones de Ejemplo:

 She is taller than her brother.

 This book is more interesting than the other one.
 He is busier today than he was yesterday.

Adjetivos Superlativos

 Uso: Se usan para mostrar el grado más alto de una cualidad dentro de un grupo.
 Formación:
o Para adjetivos de una sílaba, añade "-est" al final del adjetivo.
o Para adjetivos de dos sílabas que terminan en "-y", cambia la "-y" por "-iest".
o Para adjetivos de dos o más sílabas (excepto los que terminan en "-y"), usa
"most" antes del adjetivo.
o Usa "the" antes del adjetivo superlativo.
o she is the smartest student in the class

Ejemplos:

 Adjetivo de una sílaba:

o Tall → Tallest
o Fast → Fastest
 Adjetivo de dos sílabas que termina en "-y":
o Happy → Happiest
o Busy → Busiest
 Adjetivo de dos o más sílabas:
o Interesting → Most interesting
o Expensive → Most expensive

Oraciones de Ejemplo:

 She is the tallest in her class.

 This book is the most interesting of all.
 He is the busiest person I know.
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Adjetivos Irregulares

Algunos adjetivos tienen formas comparativas y superlativas irregulares:

Adjetivo Base Comparativo Superlativo

Good Better Best
Bad Worse Worst
Far Farther/Further Farthest/Furthest
Little Less Least
Many/ Much More Most

Oraciones de Ejemplo:

 This pizza is better than that one.

 She is the best student in the class.
 This situation is worse than before.
 He is the worst player on the team.

 computer generations:

Computer generations refer to distinct stages in the development of computing technology. The first
generation, starting in the late 1940s, introduced vacuum tubes for processing, marking a shift from
mechanical to electronic computing. These early computers were large, expensive, and consumed
enormous amounts of power. The second generation, in the late 1950s to early 1960s, saw the
advent of transistors, which made computers smaller, faster, and more reliable. The third generation,
from the mid-1960s to mid-1970s, brought integrated circuits (ICs) that further miniaturized
computers and increased their processing power. The fourth generation, starting in the late 1970s
with the microprocessor, enabled personal computers (PCs) to become accessible to individuals and
businesses. The fifth generation, which began in the late 1980s and continues today, focuses on
artificial intelligence (AI) and parallel computing, enhancing computers' ability to process vast
amounts of data and perform complex tasks. Each generation represents significant advancements in
computing power, size reduction, and functionality, shaping the technological landscape we interact
with today.