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CrPC shot notes
CrPC shot notes
(i) Investigation: is conducted by the Police Officer. The objective is to collect evidence in respect of the case on
hand. It starts witjh the F.I.R. It includes: Proceeding to the spot, getting the facts and circumstances,
collecting all the evidence available, examining perjsons, arresting the accused, making the search, seizing
materials etc He submits a report to the Magistrate in the prescribe form.
(ii) Inquiry : The end of investigation is the beginning of the inquiry. This is a proceeding of the Magistrate or
Court prior to trial. The objective is to find the truth or falsity of the facts to proceed further, to take action. If
there is any truth, there will be a trial otherwise the accused is discharged. Enquiry may be judicial, non-
judicial, local or preliminary. Examples are: proceedings for maintenance of wife a children, enquiring for
keeping the peace. Proceeding under Sn.145 Cr.P.C. is an inquiry.
(iii) Trial: The essence of this is that the Proceeding ends in conviction or acquittal. An inquiry is not a trial. The
sessions trial and the warrant case trial are examples. (In a summons case, there is no formal charge or
inquiry).
399, 400, 402, 436, 449, 459 or 460 of the Indian Penal Code, and such person fails to appear
at the specified place and time required by the proclamation, the Court may, after making
(1) Any Metropolitan Magistrate or Judicial Magistrate may, whether or not he has jurisdiction in
the case, record any confession or statement made to him in the course of an investigation under
this Chapter or under any other law for the time being in force, or at any time afterwards before
the commencement of the inquiry or trial: Provided that no confession shall be recorded by a
police officer on whom any power of a Magistrate has been conferred under any law for the time
being in force
(2) The Magistrate shall, before recording any such confession, explain to the person making it
that he is not bound to make a confession and that, if he does so, it may be used as evidence
against him; and the Magistrate shall not record any such confession unless, upon questioning the
person making it, he has reason to believe that it is being made voluntarily
Recording of (3) If at any time before the confession is recorded, the person appearing before the Magistrate
confession & states that he is not willing to make the confession, the Magistrate shall not authorise the Sec. 164
statement detention of such person in police custody
(4) Any such confession shall be recorded in the manner provided in section 281 for recording the
examination of an accused person and shall be signed by the person making the confession; and
the Magistrate shall make a memorandum at the foot of such record to the following effect:— "I
have explained to (name) that he is not bound to make a confession and that, if he does so, any
confession he may make may be used as evidence against him and I believe that this confession
was voluntarily made It was taken in my presence and hearing, and was read over to the person
making it and admitted by him to be correct, and it contains a full and true account of the
statement made by him (Signed) AB Magistrate"
(5) Any statement (other than a confession) made under sub-section (1) shall be recorded in such
manner hereinafter provided for the recording of evidence as is, in the opinion of the Magistrate,
best fitted to the circumstances of the case; and the Magistrate shall have power to administer
oath to the person whose statement is so recorded
(6) The Magistrate recording a confession or statement under this section shall forward it to the
Magistrate by whom the case is to be inquired into or tried
SECTION 177 ORDINARY PLACE OF INQUIRY AND TRIAL SECTION
178 PLACE OF INQUIRY OR TRIAL SECTION
179 OFFENCE TRIABLE WHERE ACT IS DONE CONSEQUENCE ENSUES SECTION
180 PLACE OF TRIAL WHERE ACT IS OFFENCE BY REASON OF RELATION TO OTHER OFFENCE
SECTION
181 PLACE OF TRIAL IN CASE OF CERTAIN OFFENCES SECTION
Jurisdiction 182 OFFENCES COMMITTED BY LETTERS, ETC SECTION
of court for 183 OFFENCE COMMITTED ON JOURNEY OR VOYAGE SECTION Sec. 177 to
trial & 184 PLACE OF TRIAL FOR OFFENCES TRIABLE TOGETHER SECTION 189
inquiry 185 POWER TO ORDER CASES TO BE TRIED IN DIFFERENT SESSIONS DIVISIONS SECTION
186 HIGH COURT TO DECIDE, IN CASE OF DOUBT, DISTRICT WHERE INQUIRY OR TRIAL SHALL TAKE
PLACE SECTION
187 POWER TO ISSUE SUMMONS OR WARRANT FOR OFFENCE COMMITTED BEYOND LOCAL
JURISDICTION SECTION
188 OFFENCE COMMITTED OUTSIDE INDIA SECTION
SECTION 437 WHEN BAIL MAY BE TAKEN IN CASE OF NON-BAILABLE OFFENCE SECTION
(i) In non-bailable cases in which the person is not guilty of an offence punishable with death or
imprisonment for life, the Court will exercise its discretion in favour of granting bail subject to
BAIL & sub-section (3) of section 437 if it deems necessary to act under it; Anil Sharma v. State of Sec. 436,
BONDS Himachal Pradesh, (1997) 3 Crimes 135 (HP). 437 & 438
(ii) Unless exceptional circumstances are brought to the notice of the Court which may defeat the
proper investigation and fair trial, the Court will not decline bail to a person who is not, accused
of an offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life; Anil Sharma v. State of Himachal
Pradesh, (1997) 3 Crimes 135 (HP).
(iii) The application of petitioner is dismissed by High Court by a cryptic order. High Court to pass a
reasoned order while disposing of application; Dhruv v. State of Bihar, AIR 2000 SC 209.
Section 438 DIRECTION FOR GRANT OF BAIL TO PERSON APPREHENDING ARREST (Anticipatory
Bail)
1. When any person has reason to believe that he may be arrested on an accusation of having
committed a non-bailable offence, he may apply to the High Court or the Court of Session for
direction under this section; and that Court may, if it thinks fit, direct that in the event of such
arrest, he shall be released on bail (Called as Anticipatory bail).
2. When the High Court or the Court of Session makes a direction under sub-section (1), it may
include such conditions in such directions in the light of the facts of the particular case, as it may
thinks fit, including— (i) a condition that the person shall make himself available for
interrogation by a police officer as and when required (ii) a condition that the person shall not,
directly or indirectly, make any inducement, threat or promise to any person acquainted with
the facts of the case so as to dissuade him from disclosing such facts to the Court or to any
police officer (iii) a condition that the person shall not leave India without the previous
permission of the court (iv) such other condition as may be imposed under sub section (3) of437
SECTION 225 TRIAL TO BE CONDUCTED BY PUBLIC PROSECUTOR SECTION
226 OPENING CASE FOR PROSECUTION SECTION
227 DISCHARGE SECTION
The 228 FRAMING OF CHARGE SECTION
probation of 229 CONVICTION ON PLEA OF GUILTY SECTION
offender act 230 DATE FOR PROSECUTION EVIDENCE SECTION Sec. 4, 5, 6
1958 231 EVIDENCE FOR PROSECUTION SECTION
232 ACQUITTAL SECTION 233 ENTERING UPON DEFENCE SECTION Sec 13 &
234 ARGUMENTS SECTION 14
235 JUDGMENT OF ACQUITTAL OR CONVICTION SECTION
236 PREVIOUS CONVICTION SECTION
237 PROCEDURE IN CASES INSTITUTED UNDER SECTION 199(2)
SECTION 260 POWER TO TRY SUMMARILY
261 SUMMARY TRIAL BY MAGISTRATE OF THE SECOND CLASS SECTION
262 PROCEDURE FOR SUMMARY TRIALS SECTION
263 RECORD IN SUMMARY TRIALS SECTION
264 JUDGMENT IN CASES TRIED SUMMARILY SECTION
265 LANGUAGE OF RECORD AND JUDGMENT
Summary Of Definition: Summary trial implies speedy disposal. By summary case is meant a case which can be Sec. 260 to
Trial tried and disposed of at once. Summary trial is not intended for a contentious and complicated 265
case which necessitates a lengthy inquiry.
The object of summary trial is to have a record sufficient for the purpose of justice but not so long
as to impede speedy disposal of cases. The procedure prescribed for trial of summons-cases
should be followed (section 262). At the conclusion of the trial the Magistrate enters the accused's
plea and the finding in a form prescribed by Government. No formal charge is framed. There is no
appeal in such a trial if a sentence of fine only not exceeding two hundred rupees has been
awarded. There can be an application for revision to the High Court.
Definition: The disposal of cases by method of "plea bargaining" is an alternative method to deal
with the huge arrears of criminal cases. It is really a measure and redressal, as the same has been
brought on statute, it has also added new dimensions in the realm of judicial reforms.
"Plea-bargaining" means pre-trial negotiations between the accused and prosecution during
which the accused agrees to plead guilty in exchange for certain concessions by the prosecution.
Warrant of Arrest:
The requisites of a valid warrant can be gathered from this section and the form of warrant of arrest in Form No. 2 of the
Second Schedule. They are as follows:
1. The warrant must be in writing.
2. It must bear the name and designation of the person who is to execute it.
3. It must give full name and description of the person to be arrested.
4. It must state the offence charged.
5. It must be signed by the presiding officer.
6. It must be sealed
A warrant once issued remains in force until it is cancelled or executed even though it bears a returnable date.
A Magistrate is, however, only competent to issue a warrant of arrest for production of a person before his own Court,
and not before a police officer.
Non-bailable warrants.—
Non-bailable warrants deprive a person of his liberty which is protected by Article 21 of the Constitution. The Supreme
Court therefore observed that such warrants must be issued with due care. The Court enumerated the circumstances in
which non-bailable warrant should be issued as follows:
Non-bailable warrants should be issued to bring a person to the court when summons of bailable warrants would be
unlikely to have the desired result. This should be (a) when it is reasonable to believe that the person will not voluntarily
appear in the court, or (b) police authorities are unable to find the person to serve him with a summon, or (c) it is
considered that the person could harm someone if not placed into custody immediately.
Order for maintenance of wives, children and parents.— (1) If any person having sufficient means neglects or refuses to
maintain— (a) his wife, unable to maintain herself, or (b) his legitimate or illegitimate minor child, whether married or
not, unable to maintain itself, or (c) his legitimate or illegitimate child (not being a married daughter) who has attained
majority, where such child is, by reason of any physical or mental abnormality or injury unable to maintain itself, or (d) his
father or mother, unable to maintain himself or herself, a Magistrate of the first class may, upon proof of such neglect or
refusal, order such person to make a monthly allowance for the maintenance of his wife or such child, father or mother, at
such monthly rate 1.[***], as such Magistrate thinks fit, and to pay the same to such person as the Magistrate may from
time to time direct: Provided that the Magistrate may order the father of a minor female child referred to in clause (b) to
make such allowance, until she attains her majority, if the Magistrate is satisfied that the husband of such minor female
child, if married, is not possessed of sufficient means. 2. [ Provided further that the Magistrate may, during the pendency
of the proceeding regarding monthly allowance for the maintenance under this subsection, order such person to make a
monthly allowance for the interim maintenance of his wife or such child, father or mother, and the expenses of such
proceeding which the Magistrate considers reasonable, and to pay the same to such person as the Magistrate may from
time to time direct: Provided also that an application for the monthly allowance for the interim maintenance and
expenses of proceeding under the second proviso shall, as far as possible, be disposed of within sixty days from the date.