Fundamental Forces

In Nature
There are four fundamental forces, in
nature.

⚫Strong nuclear Strongest

⚫Electromagnetic
⚫Weak nuclear
⚫Gravitational
Weakest
Strong nuclear forces
⚫They hold the nucleons inside the nucleus
⚫They are strongest forces among all the forces
⚫ They are short range forces
⚫They are always attractive forces
⚫They are spin dependent
⚫They are charge independent
⚫ They are non central forces
Electromagnetic forces
⚫They cause electric and magnetic effects
⚫They can attractive or repulsive
⚫Like charges repel each other
⚫Opposite charges attract each other
⚫Weaker than the strong nuclear force
⚫They act over a much larger distances than the
strong nuclear forces
They are the forces between charged particles
They are responsible for atomic and molecular
structures
Electromagnetic forces
Weak nuclear forces
⚫Responsible for nuclear decay
⚫Weak nuclear forces between two elementary
particles
⚫They are very short distance range
⚫ electrons and neutrino interact with each other
through Weak nuclear forces
Weak nuclear forces
Gravitational forces
⚫Weakest among all the fundamental forces,
⚫They act over very large distances
⚫Always attractive
⚫Act between any two pieces of matter in the
universe
⚫ They are the cause for motion of planets around
the sun , tides in the sea etc
⚫Very important in explaining the structure of the
universe
Remember…
⚫The weak nuclear force is NOT the weakest of the
fundamental forces.
⚫GRAVITY is the weakest force, but most important
in understanding how objects in the universe
interact.
Relative Strengths
Fg : Fw : Fe : Fs = 1 : 1025 : 1036 : 1038
Q1. Which is the strongest force in nature?

(a) Weak nuclear force

(b) Strong nuclear force
(c) Gravitational force
(d) Electromagnetic force
Q2. Which is the weakest force in nature?

(a) Weak nuclear force

(b) Strong nuclear force
(c) Gravitational force
(d) Electromagnetic force