Intermediate

04
Miss Ruiz
booth

hidden cameras
 get by
to survive when having
very little of something
you need, such
as money, or food

When I traveled to Africa, I got by

on very little water.
 short on cash
not having
enough money (cash)

When I’m short on cash, I don’t

go out with friends a lot.
 broke

without money

I can’t go shopping this

weekend. I'm broke.
 afford

To
be able to buy something
because you have
enough money

I can’t afford to buy a car this

year. I’m short on money.
 save

Not to use something, especially

money, for use in the future

I need to save some money to start

my own business in the future.
 pay me

owe
to have the responsibility to
pay or give back something
you have received from
someone

Don’t forget! You owe me ten

dollars.
 lend (something)
to give something to someone for a
short period of time, expecting it to
be returned
Can you lend me some money? I
need to repair my car this
weekend.

borrow (something)
to receive something from someone
with the intention of giving it back
after a period of time
Can I borrow some money? I need
to buy some books.
 go into debt
to owe money to someone or
something (such as a bank or
other lending institution)
John went into debt to purchase
an engagement ring with a large
diamond.

pay (something) back

to return something (e.g. money)
that was borrowed from a person.
Can I borrow $2,000 please? I’ll
pay it back to you in November.
 make a budget
to plan how much money you will
spend on something.

I need to make a budget to

know how much money I’ll
spend on my new business.

have a budget
to have a required amount of
money to spend on something.

I have a budget to buy all the

necessary things and start my
new business.
 stick to a budget

to respect a limit of money

to spend on something

If you stick to your budget, you will

be able to save money for any
emergencies.
I make a budget and stick to
it. I don’t like spending extra
money on unnecessary
things.
I don’t have a budget, but
I want to make one after
graduation. I usually
spend my money on
books.
 Small accident or mistake

I’m sorry. It was an accident.

Sorry. My mistake.
I can’t believe I did that.
 Serious accident or mistake

I’m really sorry that I forgot to call you.

I’m so sorry about damaging your phone.

I want to apologize for what happened.

 Accepting an apology
Don’t worry about it.

Oh, that’s OK.

No problem. It happens.

Apology accepted.
A: Ok Paul, let’s start doing our homework.
B: Ok. May I borrow your laptop to search some information
on internet.
A: Ok, here you go.
B: Hey Mary come here. I spilled coffee on your laptop. I’m so
sorry about damaging your laptop.

A: Don’t worry about it.

B: I’ll fix it tomorrow early. I promise.
genie
 Wish statements

To express impossible or unlikely wishes about present

situations, use a wish statement. The verb following
WISH is in the past.

Present situation:
I don’t have enough money to buy a car.

Wish statement:
I wish (that) I had enough money to buy a car.
 Wish statements
- My best friend won’t visit me.
- I wish (that) my best friend would visit me.

- He doesn’t have a car.

- He wishes (that) he had a car.
Were is considered more
- I am not rich. correct than was in wish
- I wish (that) I were rich. statements with be.

- I can’t swim very well.

- I wish (that) I could swim very well.
1. – I don’t have a job.
- I wish (that) I had a job.

2. – I’m not tall.

– I wish (that) I were tall.

3. – I have failed the exam.

– I wish (that) I hadn’t failed the exam.
1. – I won’t buy a new laptop.
- I wish (that) I would buy a new laptop.

2. – I have family problems.

– I wish (that) I didn’t have family problems.

3. – I can’t make a budget.

– I wish (that) I could make a budget.
1. – I’m short on cash.
- I wish (that) I weren’t short on cash.

2. – I don’t have a budget.

– I wish (that) I had a budget.

3. – I can’t afford to buy a car.

– I wish (that) I could afford to buy a car.
1. – She doesn’t have a car.
- She wishes (that) she had a car.

2. – He has to travel alone.

– He wishes (that) he didn’t have to
travel alone.

3. – They can’t pay me back.

– They wish (that) they could pay me
back.
A: Hey Carl, What’s wrong?
B: Well, I need to buy some books about English grammar,
but I’m broke.
A: Sorry to hear that, but didn’t you save money?
B: Not really. I wish I weren’t broke.
A: Why don’t you tell your brother to lend you some money.

B: Good idea, thank you.

 donate
give (money or goods) for a good
cause, for example to a charity.
Example: We could donate money
or clothes to poor families.

invest
to put money, effort, time, etc. into
something to make a profit or get an
advantage.
Example: The institute will invest
five million in a big project.
 strike it rich
to become rich suddenly an
unexpectedly.
Example: My father struck it rich
in the lottery.

squander
waste (something, especially money or
time) in a reckless and foolish manner.

Example: My sister usually

squanders her money on
expensive clothes and jewelry.
 set aside
to keep something, especially money, for
use in the future.

Example: I’m planning to

study abroad, so I have
to set aside some money.

earnings
money obtained in return
for labor or services
Example: My earnings
increased much more this year.
 NEGATIVE MODALS

Impossibility
Use can’t to say something is impossible. It shows
surprise or disbelief.
EXAMPLE: You can’t have the winning lottery ticket. I
have it!

Ability
You can also use can’t to say that you don’t have the
ability to do something.
EXAMPLE: I can’t go to the concert. It costs $50, and I
only have $20.
 Necessity
Don’t have to and don’t need to mean something isn’t
necessary. You have a choice.

EXAMPLE: I don’t need to wear a uniform.

EXAMPLE: You don’t have to have money to be happy.

Advice
Use shouldn’t to give advice. It means it’s not a good
idea to do something.
EXAMPLE: You shouldn’t squander money on expensive
clothes or cars.
 Strong advice

Had better not gives strong advice. It means “I’m

warning you not to do something. If you do, there will
be a problem or a negative consequence.”

EXAMPLE: You’d better not lose this ring. It’s very

valuable.

EXAMPLE: You’d better not lend money to Mark. He

won’t pay you back.
Money can’t buy
I agree. You can do
happiness.
many things with
money, but ….
 TITLE Money Given To A Charity
writing Practice

length 85-95 words

Communication: content and
organization
Areas to be
evaluated Accuracy:
- Negative modals
- Vocabulary
timing 10 minutes
 A millionaire’s decision
In my opinion, the millionaire should donate his money
to the ………………………………………………….… .

For one thing,

…………………………………………………....
……………………………………………………………………………. .

In addition,
………………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………………………….…..

……………………………………………………………………………. .

For these reasons, I believe the millionaire has

to choose the ……………….. to get the money
he will donate.
 FIRST SPEAKING EVALUATION
Student A: You are planning to start your own
business and you have some plans in mind. The
problem is that you owe your friend some money.
(You have to apologize for it) and explain him/her
your plans to make money and pay him/her back
in the future.

Student B: Explain him/her you need the money

for something important. After that, accept the
apology.

USE: - Wish statements

- Vocabulary