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امتحان نموذجي سهى العدوي 2024 انكليزي
امتحان نموذجي سهى العدوي 2024 انكليزي
امتحان نموذجي سهى العدوي 2024 انكليزي
5 hours
Subject: Biology Number of exercises 4 of 6
Prepared by: Soha Al Adawi Mark: /20
Instagram: Soha.adawi Youtube: Soha.adawii
:عزيزي المتعلم
، عليك شطب اإلجابات المتعلقة بالتمرين الذي لم يعد من ضمن اختيارك، تمارين4 في حال اإلجابة عن أكثر من: تنبيه
.وإال فسوف يتم تصحيح إجابات األسئلة المرتبطة بالتمارين األربعة االولى على ورقة االجابة
1- Specify whether the allele responsible for the disease is dominant or recessive.
2- Determine the localization of the gene involved in this disease.
Using molecular biology techniques, DNA analysis can distinguish the normal allele from the mutated allele
causing the disease. Here are the results of analyzes carried out on certain subjects
3- Show that the results of document 2 confirm the localization of the gene determined in part 2.
4- Indicate the genotypes of individuals I-1, I-2 and III-7. Justify your answers.
5- Determine the risk that the couple II-4 and II-5 have:
5.1- a sick girl
5.2- a sick boy.
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Exercise 2 (5 pts) Severity of hemophilia
A fetus is diagnosed with hemophilia A , a genetic disorder caused by a deficiency of clotting factor VIII,
leading to prolonged bleeding. Mutations in the F8 gene, which codes for clotting factor VIII, are the primary
cause of Hemophilia A. These mutations can range from large deletions to small point mutations.
In order to determine the severity of hemophilia in this fetus, the doctor asks for analyzing his DNA. Nonsense
mutation often results in severe forms of hemophilia A. In case of missence mutation, the severity of the disease
depends on the role of the substituted amino acid in the protein’s function.
1- Name two techniques of prenatal diagnosis the doctor can use to detect mutations.
Document 1 shows a partial sequence of the normal and the mutant alleles of the related gene. Document 2 is a
genetic code table.
Non-transcribed 1 27
strand of the Normal ATG GAA GCT TCT TTT GGA AAG GAG CCA
allele
Non-transcribed ATG GAA GCT TCT TTT TGA AAG GAG CCA
strand of the mutant
allele
Document 1
Document 2
To identify the normal and the mutant allele, we incubate the alleles of document 1 in the
presence of a radioactive probe of sequence AAACCT. The autoradiography reveals the
electrophoregram represented in document 3.
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Exercise 3 (5 pts) Mode of action of lymphocytes
To determine the mechanism leading to the production of antibodies, the following experiments are carried out:
Experiment 1: a mouse is injected with an Ag antigen and the evolution of the plasma level of anti- Ag
antibodies is monitored. The results are shown in document 1.
1- Identify the type of specific immune response.
Experiment 2: Cultures of immune cells taken from the spleen of an S mouse
not immunized against the Ag antigen are produced in the presence of the Ag
antigen. Many days later, we extract the supernatant of each culture and we
measure the level of interleukin 4 and antibody. Document 2 represents the
composition of the cultures and document 3 represents the results obtained.
Cultures
1
Document 2 Document 3
3- Indicate the cell at the origin of the secretion of interleukin 4 and antibodies.
4- Show that:
4.1- antibody secretion necessitates the cooperation between t4 lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and macrophages.
4.2- communication between t4 lymphocytes and B lymphocytes takes place through molecules.
A culture comparable to culture 5 of document 2 is performed, but with macrophages whose MHCs have been
degraded. A result similar to that of culture 2 is obtained (document 2 histogram a)
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Exercise 4 (5 pts) Specific immune responses
We extract a culture of B lymphocytes from the spleen of the mouse S previously immunized with antigen X.
we put this culture in the presence of the antigen X, then, the evolution of the number of BL is followed as a
function of time before and after the addition interleukin 4.
Number of B lymphocytes per ml
Document 1 Document 2
Six days after the addition of interleukin 4, an electron microscope observation of cells taken from this culture
is carried out. This observation reveals the presence of LB and plasma cells. Documents 4 and 5 represent the
results obtained.
2. Explain the relationship between the structure of the plasma cell and its function (document 2).
Following the infection of the cells of the mouse by this antigen, we notice the proliferation of new type of
lymphocytes in this mouse (C1) represented in document 3.
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Exercise 5 (5 pts) Regulation of the sexual cycle.
Document 1 shows the schema of 2 ovarian structures that
are observed in the ovaries of an adult woman during a
period of time between May 1st and May 31st. During the
same period of time, we measure the amount of ovarian
hormones in blood. The results are represented in the same
document.
1- Name structures A and B.
Phases a and b represent phases during the female ovarian
cycle.
2- Specify phase a and phase b.
3- Identify the hormones h1 and h2.
In order to explain the relation between the different organs responsible for the sexual cycle, we perform the
following experiments.
Experiment 1: in a female monkey, the ablation of the pituitary gland interrupts the ovarian and uterine cycles.
Experiment 2: the injection of variable amount FSH and LH to this female and previously subjected to the
ablation of pituitary gland restores the cyclic activity of the ovaries and uterus.
Experiment 3: the injection of variable amount FSH and LH to this female and previously subjected to the
ablation of both pituitary gland and ovaries does not restore the cyclic activity of the uterus..
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Exercise 6 (5pts) Hormonal regulation
In order to study the effect of ovarian hormones on the pituitary gland as well as the uterus, we perform the
following experiments.
Experiment 1: researchers
inject the ovarian hormones
to ovariactomized adult
female mammals and then
they measure the variations
of the levels of LH and
FSH. The conditions and 1
the results are shown in
document 1.
FSH and LH controls the secretion of estrogen and progesterone by the ovaries. Estrogen and progesterone then
controls the cyclic activity of the uterus. To identify the effect of ovarian hormones on the uterus, we carry on the
following experiments (document 2).
A young female rat (before puberty) receives injections as indicated in the following table. We study the
development & proliferation of the endometrium indicated by the variation in the mass of the uterus.
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Answer key
mother.
III-7: XNXd or XNXN: since the normal allele is dominant, it is expressed in
homozygote and heterozygote.
5.1 The girl inherits XN from her father II-5 and since the normal allele is dominant, ½
this girl will be normal whatever gamete she inherits form her heterozygote
mother II-4. Therefore, the risk for the girl of this couple to be affected is
Zero.
5.2 The mother is heterozygous and can give two types of gametes: ½ XN and ½ Xd 1
The father give a gamete with a Y chromosome to get a boy.
The risk to have an affected boy is ½ Xd × 1Y= ½ XdY and therefore the risk to
have an affected boy is ½ .
P a g e 7 | 11
The sequence of nucleotides is the same in both strands except nucleotide 16 where
G in the normal strand is replaced by T in the mutant one.
2.2 Point mutation by substitution ¼
3 Since the given strand is non-transcribed, therefore mRNA is the same as this DNA 1
except we replace T by U.
Normal strand of DNA: ATG GAA GCT TCT TTT GGA AAG GAG CCA
Normal mRNA: AUG GAA GCU UCU UUU GGA AAG GAG CCA
Amino acid sequence of the normal: met- glu - ala- ser – phe -gly – lys – glu- pro
Mutant strand of DNA: ATG GAA GCT TCT TTT TGA AAG GAG CCA
mutant mRNA: AUG GAA GCU UCU UUU UGA AAG GAG CCA
Amino acid sequence of the mutant allele: met- glu - ala- ser – phe
4 The mutation by substitution at the level of the sixteenth the nitrogenous base G is 1
substituted by T in the mutant allele leads to a stop codon in the sequence of
nucleotide in the transcribed m RNA. The translation of this mRNA results
in an incomplete/truncated/ peptide of abnormal 3D structure. Then this is a
nonsense mutation that according to the given often results in severe forms
of hemophilia.
5 Hypothesis: this girl suffers from monosomy X. ½
6 The probe of sequence AAACCT is complementary to TTTGGA, a sequence found 1
between nucleotides 13 and 18 only in the normal allele. Therefore this
radioactive probe hybridizes to the normal allele allowing its visualization
in the electrophoregram.
This sequence TTTGGA is not found in the mutant allele due to mutation, and
therefore this allele won’t hybridize to the probe and won’t be visualized in
the electrophoregram.
5 The activated Tc or C1 binds to MHC class I carrying the non self peptide on the 1
surface of the infected cell. (double recognition). Then, Tc releases perforin
to form a polyperforin channel in the infected cell and then releases
granzymes in the polyperforin channel. Granzymes are responsible for the
degradation of DNA of the infected cells which is lysed and dead.
P a g e 9 | 11
Phase b is the follicular phase since the structures found in this phase are the
follicles.
3 Since h1 is absent during the follicular phase and shows only one peak during the 1
luteal phase then h1 is the progesterone.
Since h2 is present in both phases, the follicular and luteal phases, and shows two
peaks, where the peak in the follicular phase is greater than that in the luteal phase.
Therefore, h2 is estrogen
4 The pituitary gland controls the ovarian and the uterine cycles. ½
5 FSH: stimulates the growth and maturation of the follicles. ½
LH: Stimulates the development of the luteal body and its peak triggers ovulation.
6 The cyclic activity of ovaries and uterus is restored after the injection of variable 1
amount of FSH and LH . This shows that FSH and LH stimulate the cyclic
activities of the uterus and ovaries.
The cyclic activity of the uterus is not restored in the absence of ovaries and after 1
the injection of FSH and LH, this shows that FSH and LH stimulate the cyclic
activity of the uterus indirectly, through the ovaries.
2 Estrogen is secreted by: granulosa and internal theca during the follicular phase. Luteal ½
cells during the luteal phase
3 In the first and 3rd lot,s when there is no injection or injection of 0.1 ml of a solution of 2
progesterone respectively, the mass of the uterus was almost the same 15 mg, this
indicates that progesterone alone has no influence on the uterus.
However upon injecting 0.1 ml of a solution of estrogen to the 2nd lot, the mass of the
uterus increases from 15 till 65 mg. this means that estrogen stimulates the proliferation
of the uterus and it acts through blood.
But, when 0.1 ml of a solution of both hormones is injected, the uterus mass increases to
85 mg with a state of uterine lace, more than when estrogen was injected alone (65mg
uterus mass) . Therefore, progesterone amplifies the action of estrogen, acts only when
combined with estrogen and is responsible for the formation of uterine lace respectively
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4 a functional diagram showing the relations between the ovaries, the anterior pituitary 1
and the uterus.
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