20/‫العالمة‬ ‫امتحان نصف السنة الموحد اسس التصحيح‬ َّ ‫ برنامج‬-‫األونروا‬

‫التربية‬
‫الصف الثاني عشر فرع علوم الحياة‬ َّ ‫و‬
‫ لبنان‬/‫التعليم‬
‫التربوي‬
َّ ‫التطوير‬
َّ ‫مركز‬
: ‫التاريخ‬ ‫مادة علوم الحياة‬
ّ ‫مسابقة في‬
‫التقييم‬
َ ‫وحدة‬
‫ثالث ساعات‬:‫المدة‬
ّ

Part of Answer Mark

the
Question
Exercise 1: (5 points)
Oocyte cryopreservation
1 This document shows the steps of oocyte cryopreservation. First, the ovary is 0.75
stimulated and 14 to 18 oocytes are removed from it, then mature and healthy
oocytes are selected. After that, the oocytes are bathed in a sucrose solution. Next,
the oocytes are transferred to a straw and placed in liquid nitrogen at - 1980C; these
oocytes freeze in seconds and are stored in a nitrogenous tank. As a result, these
oocytes can be stored for years.
2 Ovary stimulation promotes the release of a large number of oocytes. 0.5
3 1

4.1 X: Oviduct: (fallopian tube) site of fertilization. 1.5

Y: Ovary: site of production of oocytes and female sex hormones.
Z: Uterus: site of implantation and development of the embryo
4.2 This woman has two separated uteri instead of one as in normal women which is 0.5
considered abnormal, but she has 2 ovaries same as in a normal woman and this
process depend on the removal of oocytes from the ovary and the uterus is not used.
5 At puberty each female possess in her ovaries a very large number of primordial 0.75
follicles, periodically each month about 10 follicles unblock and engage in
maturation, only one follicle mature to become the Graafian follicle which releases
by ovulation one oocyte while the other follicles degenerate, so by the age of 50
depletion of oocytes takes place this corresponds to menopause where the ovary stops
releasing oocytes each month preventing pregnancy, by using oocyte
cryopreservation the oocytes will be preserved outside the body of the female for
long time which prevent their depletion. Thus, these oocytes can be used by the
woman for fertilization at any age.
Exercise 2: (5 points)
Rett Syndrome
1 The disease is carried by the X chromosome. The normal boy II5 has only one X 1
chromosome, which carries the normal allele, he certainly had inherited it from his (No grades
mother where it was masked since the mother appears affected. He did not inherit it for
from his normal father since boys inherit only the Y chromosome from their fathers. symbols)
Hence, the disease is dominant.
Symbols: let D be the symbol of the affected allele which is dominant and
n be the symbol of the normal allele which is recessive.
2 Genotype of II6: XD//Xn, she is affected but had a normal father she should have 0.5
inherited Xn from her father and XD from her affected mother.
Genotype of II7: XD//Y he is an affected male and males have only one X
chromosome so it should carry the affected allele XD.
3 0.5
D n D Student can
Genotype of couple: X X × X Y XD Xn explain
Gamete 50% 50% without
formation: XD50% XDXD XDXn making
XD Xn XD Y 25% 25% factorial
25% 25% 25% 25% Y50% XDY XnY analysis.
25% 25%
There is a risk of 50% for boys to be affected.
The risk is 100% for girls to be affected. (All girls will be affected).
75% of all children will be affected.
4 According to the results of the cross, the birth of a normal girl is impossible (un 0.5
expected) since all girls should inherit two X chromosomes one from the mother and
one from the father. In this case the disease is dominant so the born girls should at
least carry one affected allele inherited from their affected father.
5.1 Turner Syndrome. 0.25
5.2 Maternal origin, this girl has only one X chromosome, she should have inherited the 0.5
X chromosome carrying the normal allele from her mother since her father has only
one X-chromosome carrying the affected allele, this explains that she does not suffer
from Rett syndrome.
6.1 Behavioral training before the appearance of the symptoms might delay the onset of 0.25
Rett syndrome.
6.2 The survival rate increases normally from 0% to 15% in the three individuals from 1
birth until 12 months of age, the survival rate continued increasing normally to 100%
in healthy individuals until the age of 48 months, whereas the survival rate started to
decrease after the age of 18 months to about 3% in case of Rett Syndrome. On the
other hand, the survival rate in individuals subjected to behavioral training continued
increasing to 58% until the age of 42 months, this rate started to decrease to 50% as
of 48 months of age.
6.3 Yes, behavioral training delayed the onset of Rett syndrome a period of about 2 years 0.5
(24 months).
Exercise 3: (5 points)
Testosterone
1.1 1
(Student
could use
legend)

1.2 In both boys and girls of age 6-10 the level of testosterone is the same about 2ng/l.On 0.5
the other hand, the level of testosterone in adult males is 1000ng/l much greater than
that in adult females, which is 40ng/l.

2 At age of 6-10, boys and girls have similar or common secondary sexual 0.5
characteristics.
2.1 Boys under the age of 10 having genetic disposition to baldness produce high levels 1
of the enzyme 5-alpha reductase but they have very low level of testosterone (2ng/l),
so their body will produce low levels of Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), this will keep
the blood supply to hair follicles normal and prevents baldness at this age.
3.2 All males have high levels of testosterone, if it was testosterone that causes Baldness 0.5
all males should be bald but in fact baldness is observed only in males with genetic
disposition who have high levels of the enzyme 5-alpha reductase which in the
presence of the high levels of testosterone promotes the formation of DHT leading to
baldness.
4 Spermatogenesis, 0.5
Leydig cells.
5 The number of spermatogonia remained constant and equal to about 1.85 million per 1
testis as testosterone levels increases from 0 to 1 a.u. This indicates that testosterone
does not influence the multiplication phase. On the other hand, the number of
spermatocytes increased from 2 million per testis to 4 million per testis as
testosterone levels increases from 0 to 0.25 a.u., this indicates that testosterone boosts
the phase of growth. However, the number of spermatids increased from 0 to 12
million as testosterone levels increases from 0 to 0.25a.u,this indicates that
testosterone highly promotes the process of maturation(Spermiogenesis).
Exercise 4: (5 points)
Marfan Syndrome
1 This is the case of dominance(Allele of disease is dominant, normal allele is 0.5
recessive) People with Marfan syndrome need only to inherit one normal copy of the No grades
FBN1 gene from one parent and one abnormal copy from the other parent to become for
affected. symbols
The gene of FBN1 is located on chromosome 15(autosomal).
let M be the symbol of the affected allele and n be the symbol of the normal allele.
2 The mutation leading for the mutated allele is a mutation by substitution, in the 0.5
codon 1409 the second nucleotide guanine in the normal allele was replaced by
cytosine in the mutated allele.
3 Since the mRNA is similar to the non-transcribed strand except that U is instead of T. 1.25
For the normal allele: DNA sequence: GGGCGCTGCCTCAAC
mRNA sequence: GGGCGCUGCCUCAAC
Amino acid sequence:Gly-Arg-Cys-Leu-Asn
For the mutant allele: DNA sequence: GGGCGCTCCCTCAAC
mRNA sequence: GGGCGCUCCCUCAAC
Amino acid sequence:Gly-Arg-Ser-Leu-Asn
4 The substitution mutation in this case is a missense mutation that leads to the change 1.25
of the amino acid Cys by another one which is Ser, this change leads to the change of (0.25 each)
the 3D (tridimensional structure )shape of the protein fibrillin-1 so this protein
becomes nonfunctional and molecules of fibrillin-1 will not (bind) to each other and
to other proteins and will not provide support to rigid tissues such as bones which
leads to the symptoms including tall and thin stature with unusually long arms, legs,
fingers and toes.
5 Genotype of child 1: M//n, since the result shows one thin band of the dominant 1
allele and another thin band of the dominant allele, hence, the child possess the allele
of the disease and the normal allele.
Phenotype of child 1: Affected since the affected allele is dominant over the normal
allele.
Genotype of child 2: n//n, since the result shows only one thick band of the recessive
allele, hence the child possess two normal allele.
Phenotype of child 2: Normal since the normal recessive allele is in pure state.
6 Possible genotypes: Mn×nn 0.5
Mn × Mn (0.25 each
possibility)