20/‫العالمة‬ ‫امتحان نصف السنة الموحد‬ َّ ‫ برنامج‬-‫األونروا‬

‫التربية‬
‫الصف الثاني عشر فرع علوم الحياة‬ َّ ‫و‬
‫ لبنان‬/‫التعليم‬
‫التربوي‬
َّ ‫التطوير‬
َّ ‫مركز‬
: ‫التاريخ‬ ‫مادة علوم الحياة‬
ّ ‫مسابقة في‬
‫التقييم‬
َ ‫وحدة‬
2023/2024
‫ثالث ساعات‬:‫المدة‬
ّ

Exercise One: (5 points) Oocyte cryopreservation

Oocyte cryopreservation (Freezing) is a
procedure used to preserve womens’eggs
(oocytes).This technique has been used to enable
women to postpone pregnancy to a later date,
whether for medical or social reasons. Document 1
shows the steps of oocyte cryopreservation.
1. Describe, in a short text, the experiment
presented in (Doc. 1).
2. Formulate a hypothesis explaining the
removal of 14 to 18 oocytes from the
ovary at the same time.
3. The removed oocytes are usually blocked
at metaphase II; schematize the stages of
oogenesis leading to the formation of these
oocytes.
A woman decided to undergo Oocyte
cryopreservation, doctors started by a normal
check on the reproductive system. They were
surprised that this woman suffers from a rare congenital
condition called Didelphys uterus. Document 2 shows
the reproductive system of this woman.
4.1. Label the letters X, Y & Z, and indicate the role of
each.
4.2. Referring to document 2, Show that this condition is
considered abnormal but does not prevent oocyte
cryopreservation.
5. In women, pregnancy is very rare after the age of 50.
Explain based on the process of folliculogenesis how
oocyte cryopreservation would solve this problem.

1
Exercise two: (5 points) Rett Syndrome
The pedigree of document 1, traces the inheritance of a genetic disorder known as Rett syndrome resulting in
extreme mental disability. It is caused by an allele carried on the X chromosome.
1. Through a rigorous analysis of the pedigree of
this family, Specify if the allele responsible for
the disease is dominant or recessive.
2. Indicate the genotypes of the couple 6 and 7.
Justify.
3. Determine the risk for this couple to have
children with Rett syndrome.
4. This couple gave birth to another girl who
grew to be normal.
Explain why the birth of this normal girl from
the couple 6& 7 is unexpected.
Document 2 shows the karyotype of this normal girl.
5. This girl does not suffer from Rett syndrome but
suffers from a chromosomal abnormality.
5.1. Name this abnormality.
5.2. Identify, in this girl the parental origin of
the X- chromosome.
Rett syndrome disables about half of the brain’s
neurons, so they function at only about 50-70% of their
normal capacity. At present, there are no effective
treatments for Rett syndrome, but researchers
proposed that behavioral training, for example Document 2
(communication, performing manual tasks, balance...)
before the appearance of the symptoms might delay the
onset of Rett syndrome. The results of this research are
represented in document 3.
6.1. Pick out the tested hypothesis.
6.2. Analyze the obtained result shown in document 4.
6.3. Is the hypothesis validated? Justify.

2
Exercise three: (5 points) Testosterone
Testosterone is an androgen (hormone) found in both men and women. Females produce small amounts in the
ovaries and adrenal glands. It is responsible for the development of male accessory sex organs, muscular
growth, and secondary sexual characteristics including body hair patterns, vocal changes, and voice deepening.
Document 1 shows the levels of testosterone in normal males and females.
1.1.Construct a bar graph showing the levels of Testosterone level(ng/dl)
testosterone in males and females represented Male Female
in (Doc.1). Adult 6-10 year Adult 6-10 year old
1.2.Compare the levels of testosterone between old boy girl
males and females. 1000 2 40 2.1
2. What do you conclude concerning the secondary sexual Document 1
characteristics of boys and girls of ages 6 to 10?
In some males with genetic disposition to Baldness,
the enzyme 5-alpha reductase is produced in high
levels. 5-alpha reductase uses testosterone in males
to produce Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) as shown in
document 2. DHT slows down the blood supply to
the hair follicles and causes baldness.
Document 2
3. Referring to documents 1& 2:
3.1. Explain that Baldness is very rare in boys under the age of 10 even if they have genetic disposition to
Baldness.
3.2. Justify the following statement: “Baldness is not only determined by hormones it is a matter of genes”.
Testosterone is the androgen in the testicles
that is responsible for supporting the process Testosterone Number of germ cells (in million/testicle)
of sperm production. A study on immature dose Spermatogonia Spermatocytes Spermatids
injection
mice was conducted to identify the effect of
(in a.u.)
testosterone injection on the stages of sperm
0 1.8 2 0
production. The results are represented in
0.06 1.85 2.3 8
document 3. 0.20 1.9 2.4 8.5
4. Name this process and the cells that 0.25 1.85 4 12
secrete testosterone in males.
5. Interpret the obtained results.

3
Exercise Four: (5 points) Marfan Syndrome
Marfan syndrome (MFS), a relatively common hereditary disorder caused by mutations in the gene
for fibrillin‐1. FBN1 gene provides instructions for making a large protein called fibrillin-1. This protein is
transported out of cells where, molecules of fibrillin-1 (bind) to each other and to other proteins to form
threadlike filaments called micro-fibrils. Micro-
fibrils provide support to rigid tissues such as bones
and the tissues that support the nerves, muscles, and
lenses of the eyes. People with Marfan syndrome
are usually tall and thin with unusually long arms,
legs, fingers and toes. They only need to inherit one
normal copy of the FBN1 gene from one parent and
one abnormal copy from the other parent to become
affected.
Document 1
1. Draw out the type of heredity and chromosomal location of FBN1 gene.
Alleles Nucleotide sequence of the non-
Document 2 represents a part of the FBNI gene of a
transcribed strand of DNA from codon
healthy individual and that of the equivalent fragment of an 1407 to codon 1411
individual suffering from Marfan syndrome. Normal GGGCGCTGCCTCAAC
2. Identify the type of mutation that lead to the Mutant GGGCGCTCCCTCAAC
formation of the mutated allele. Document 2
3. Determine using the genetic code table (doc.3)
the amino acid sequence of the portion of both
alleles.
4. Explain how the modifications in the nucleotides
sequence of the allele (doc.2) lead to the
appearance of the mentioned symptoms of
Marfan.
One couple had two newborns they suspected that one of
the children might have Marfan syndrome the doctor
recommended performing DNA analysis using the
Southern Blot technique.
The obtained results are shown in document 4. Document 3
Child 1 Child 2
5. Write, referring to document 4, the genotypes as
Dominant
well as the phenotypes of both children. Justify
allele
your answer.
Recessive
6. Give the possible genotypes of the parents. allele
Document 4