E@ZBW@F ZDHDQ@@F YBYC@E & DKBFBHC ADY@ WBHB

@. Zdhdt``f
@a` = wce`y`m y`fl acpdt`k`f p`a` kdlc`t`f cfc y`ctu Ads` Wbbhb Kdi`h`t`f H`fy`r,
a`f Kdeur`m`f Qeblb Zbnbk, Kdeur`m`f Krbh`f, Kdeur`m`f Euhpur, Kdeur`m`f K`r`fl Zbm,
Kdeur`m`f K`r`fl Qurc, Kdeur`m`f Yukbr`hd, Kdeur`m`f Flcpck Kdi`h`t`f Lrdsck K`gup`tdf
K`gup `tdf
Lrdsck N`w` Qchur. M`sce pdhdt``ffy` sdg`l`c gdrckut >
0. Ads` Wbbhb, Kdi`h`t`f H`fy`r
`. Kbfacsc Ldblr`oc.
0) Ads` Wbbhb, Kdi`h`t`f H`fy`r gdrg`t`s`f adfl`f Ads` Yukbhueyb ac sdgde`m
ut`r`, Yde`t H`aur` ac sdgde`m tchur, Kdi`h`t`f Kdgbfh`s ac sdgde`m sde`t`f a`f
Ads` Sbsbwce`fluf ac sdgde`m g`r`t. Ads` cfc hdrup`k`f ebk`sc y`fl gdrn`r`k
kur`fl edgcm ? kh sdgde`m g`r`t kbt` Lrdsck sdi`r` `ahcfcstr`sc h`suk wce`y`

kdi`h`t`f H`fy`r eu`sfy` hdfi`p`c 9?1 M`.ebk`scfy`

M`.ebk`scfy` y`fl aueufy` ackdececfllc
`rd` pdrt`hg`k`f a`f rchguf`f ruhpuf g`hgu a`f sdk`r`fl ac kdececfllc p`grck
p`grck gds`r sdpdrtc ZQ.Zdtrbkchc` Lrdsck, ZQ,Yhdetcfl, ZQ.Zdtrb idftr`e,
ZQ.ZN@ ,ZQ.Ecfad, ZQ.Zdtrb \ca`a` ZQ.Dtdrcab a`f h`scm g`fy`k e`lc a`f
sdi`r` ocsck hdh`fl tca`k gdrgda` n`um adfl`f ads` e`cf ac sdkct`rfy` tdt`pc y`fl
hdfbfnbe a`rc ads` cfc `a`e`m `a`fy`
`a`f y` pdfcfll`e`f sdn`r`m y`ctu H@YNCA @E CMY@F
y`fl hdrup`k`f H`snca Qdrtu` y`fl ac g`fluf bedm Yydm H`ue`f` H`eck Cgr`mch
a`f a`rc scfce`m sdn`r`m Ads` Wbbhb achue`c. Hdfldt`muc edgcm g`fy`k sdn`r`m Ads`
Wbbhb hdfn`ac pdftcfl k`rdf` g`l`ch`f`puf nul` sdgdeuh Lrdsck gdrkdhg`fl
hdfn`ac kbt` pde`gum`f y`fl iukup r`h`c Ads` Wbbhb tdredgcm a`mueu sua`m
hdfn`ac tdhp`t pde`gum`ffy` k`p`e-k`p`e a`l`fl y`fl gdr`s`e a`rc gdrg`l`c a`dr`m
g`mk`f g`fy`k ackufnuflc p`r` pda`l`fl y`fl gdr`s`e
g dr`s`e a`rc tchur tdfl`m a`f icf`,
k`rdf` Ads` Wbbhb aueu sdg`l`c tdhp`t pde`gum`f gdg`s sdmcfll` k`p`e a`rc
h`f`puf gbedm scfll`m a`f hdr`p`t g`ck uftuk gdra`l`fl h`upuf uftuk hcsc y`fl
e`cf, m`e tdrsdgut a`p`t ac guktck`f g`mw` acsdgde`m g`r`t e`ut ads` `a` tdhp`t
h`k`h a`rc kbhufct`s icf` a`f `r`g y`fl kbfbf ac`ft`r`fy` `a`e`m p`r` tdft`r`
imdflmb a`f sdk`r`fl tdhp`t h`k`h tdrsdgut ac f`h`k`f h`k`h kdedftdfl,

acs`hpcfl `a` h`k`h Yydkm Yug`kcr (hg`m Lde`r) kdhuac`f acsdgde`m tchur e`ut

0
 ads` `a` h`k`h Guyut Zdkcfl k`rdf` pdfauauk tca`k t`mu f`h` sdgdf`rfy` h`k`
f`h` kbt` Qcbflkbk ac p`k`c sdg`l`c
sdg `l`c f`h` h`k`h (Guyut Zdkcfl / Gdcncfl). F`huf
s`y`flfy` tca`k g`fy`k ace`kuk`f pdfdectc`f tdft`fl kdauauk`f a`f pdr`f Ads`
Wbbhb ach`s`-h`s` e`eu tdrut`h` pdr`ffy` sdg`l`c pus`t pdfydg`r`f `l`h` Cse`h
ac cfabfdsc` sdk`r`fl nck` br`fl hdfadfl`r k`t` Wbbhb h`k` sde`eu ac cfl`tk`f
kdp`a` h`snca tdrtu` ac Lrdsck a`f Zbmbf @sdh H`f`k (pbmbf `s`h y`fl gdr`f`k
pbmbf gdrcflcf) y`fl gdrukur`f gds`r gdrac`hdtdr kur`fl edgcm 9 hdtdr (sdk`r`fl
ac tdhp`tc g`fluf`f pukdsh`s pdhg`ftu) y`fl hdfurut pdfdectc`f g`mw` y`fl
ace`kuk`f pdrt`h` k`ec H`ue`f` H`eck Cgr`mch a`e`h hdfydg`rk`f `l`h` Cse`h ac
ads` Wbbhb act`fa`c adfl`f pdf`f`h`f pbmbf @s`h a`f hdhg`fluf H`snca y`fl
sdk`eclus gdrouflsc sdg`l`c pds`ftrdf, kdgdr`a``f H`snca @e-Cms`f cfc hdrup`k`f
guktc sdn`r`m
sdn`r`m g`mw` ads` Wbbhb hdrup`k`f
hdrup`k`f tbfll`k `w`e g`lc kdn`y``f Lrdsck p`a`
h`s` e`eu.

7) F`h` Ads` Wbbhb `a` vdrsc y`fl hdfl`t`k`f f`h` Ads` Wbbhb ac`hgce a`rc
g`m`s` n`w` y`fl gdr`rtc G`p`k k`rdf` a`e`h hcsc pdrn`e`f`f H`ue`f` H`eck
Cgr`mch `a`e`m a`e`h r`flk` hdfi`rc a`f cflcf hdflckutc ndn`k `y`mfy` Yydim
@gaue N`g`r @shbrb Kbfac, kdhuac`f a`rc scfc h`k` tdhp`t pdrt`h` hdr`p`tfy`
k`p`e H`ue`f` H`eck Cgr`mch a`e`h pdfi`rc`f `y`mfy` ctue`m `kmcrfy` hdfn`ac
f`h` ads` Wbbhb y`fl gdr`rtc g`p`k. Kdauauk`f Wbbhb hdfn`ac pdftcfl ac
kdhuac`f m`rc kdtck` `rh`a` H`ue`f` uftuk pdrt`h` k`ecfy` gdre`gum ac ads` cfc
g`mk`f a`p`t ack`t`k`f g`mw` kda`t`fl`f H`ue`f` H`eck Cgr`mch ac Ads` Wbbhb
hdrup`k`f tbfll`k `w`e g`lc kdn`y``f Lrdsck ac h`s` hdfa`t`fl a`f ac hue`cfy`
pdfydg`r`f `l`h` Cse`h ac pue`u n`w` a`f cfc hdhguktck`f g`mw` Wbbhb
hdrup`k`f s`e`m s`tu pus`t pdfydg`r`f `l`h` Cse`h ac t`f`m n`w`. Ydg`l`ch`f` ac
idrctdr`k`f sdgdeuh h`ue`f` h`eck cgr`mch hdfn`ack`f Lrdsck sdg`l`c pus`t
pdfydg`r`f `l`h` Cse`h tdredgcm a`mueu hdhg`fluf
h dhg`fluf kdku`t`f pdfy`fll`
p dfy`fll` ldr`k`f
a`kw`fy` ac Ads` Wbbhb a`f Ads` Edr`f ac au` ads` cfc pue`e`m H`ue`f` H`eck
Cgr`mch pdrt`h` k`ec hdhg`fluf H`snca.

7
 Edflk`pc adfl`f l`hg`r ldblr`oc ads` tdrsdgut a`f kdtdr`fl`f ads`-ads`
e`cffy` (Yuhgdr GZY K`g. Lrdsck 7:0?).

9) Eu`s wce`y`m Ads` Wbbhb sdeu`s 9,?4 kh 7 `t`u 9?4 M` adfl`f rcfic`f eu`s t`f`m
s`w`m sdeu`s 4,44 M`, t`f`m kdrcfl sdeu`s 73,94 M`, Zdk`r`fl`f sdeu`s 971,<0 M`,
a`f e`cffy` sdeu`s 4,:0 M`. Wbbhb `a`e`m ads` y`fl gdr`a` ac kdi`h`t`f H`fy`r,
K`gup`tdf Lrdsck, N`w` Qchur, Cfabfdsc`. A`rc ads` cfce`m, h`k`f`f tr`acscbf`e
y`fl acsdgut sdg`l`c f`sc rbbhb gdr`s`e.

Kdlc`t`f OLA tdft`fl pdhdt``f sbsc`e, IYW a`f eu`s wce`y`m ac Ads` Wbbhb,
Kdi`h`t`f H`fy`r (Yuhgdr GZY K`g. Lrdsck 7:0?).

9
@. L@HG@W@F THTH ADY@
0. A`t` \ce`y`m
0.0. Eu`s \ce`y`m Ads` Wbbhb Kdsdeurum`f 9?1 M` tdracrc a`rc >
`. Cfaustrc / Zdrus`m``f > 707,=? M`
g. QKA >
- L`fn`r`f Eur`m > 9,?7 M`
- L`fn`r`f I`rck > 0,74 M`
- L`fn`r`f G`mu > 0,7= M`
i. Ldaufl Ydkbe`m >
- YAF Wbbhb > :.9< M` (9<74 h7)
- YAF Yukbhueyb > :,4= M` (40=: h7)
- HC. Outum`tue Teuh > :,91 M` (91:: h7)
a. Qdhp`t Zdrcg`a`t`f > :,= M`
d. Zdrkugur`f / H`k`h > 1 M`
o. N`e`f > :,1= M`
l. Y`w`m > :,:: M`

m. E`a`fl / Qdl`e`f > :,:: M`

1
 c. Q`hg`k > 9: M`
n. Dhp`fl / \`auk > :,:: M`
k. Gdftdfl > :,:: M`
e. E`p`fl`f Ydp`k Gbe` > :,:: M`
h. E`p`fl`f _beey G`ee > :,:: M`
f. Z`s`r > :,:: M`
b. Zdhukch`f > 0:=,17 M`
p. E`cf-e`cf > :,:: M`

> 9?1 M`
0.7. G`t`s \ce`y`m Ads` sdg`l`c gdrckut >
`. Ydgde`m Tt`r` > E`ut N`w`
g. Ydgde`m Qchur > Kdeur`m`f Qeblbpbnbk

i. Ydgde`m Yde`t`f > Ads` W`fau @lufl

a. Ydgde`m G`r`t > Ads` Yukbhueyb
0.9. N`r`k A`rc Zus`t Zdhdrcft`m`f>
`. N`r`k a`rc Zus`t Zdhdrcft`m`f Kdi`h`t`f > 9 Kh
g. N`r`k a`rc Zus`t Zdhdrcft`m`f K`gup`tdf > 1 Kh
i. N`r`k a`rc Zus`t Zdhdrcft`m`f Zrbpcfsc > 77 Kh

7. A`t` Zdfacack`f
7.0 O`scect`s Zdfacack`f Thuh Fdldrc / Yw`st`
`. Z@TA (Zdfacac`f @f`k Tsc` Acfc) > 1 Tfct
g. Q`h`f K`f`k-K`f`k A\, Husech`t ?4& > 7 Tfct
Guac Ttbhb
i. Ydkbe`m A`s`r Fdldrc / Yw`st` > 0 Tfct
a. YEQZ Fdldrc / Yw`st` > : Tfct
d. YEQ@ Fdldrc / Yw`st` > : Tfct
o. Zdrluru`f Qcfllc Fdldrc / Yw`st` > : Tfct

4
7.7 O`scect`s (Zdfacack`f Kmusus)
`. Zbfabk Zds`ftrdf > 0 Tfct
g. H`ar`s`m Cgtca`cy`m Acfcy`m > 0 Tfct
i. H`ar`s`m Qs`f`wcy`m Acfcy`m > : Tfct
a. H`ar`s`m @ecy`m Acfcy`m > : Tfct
1) Zdfl`rum ecflkufl`f ldblr`ocs tdrm`a`p kbfacsc sbsc`e h`sy`r`k`t gdra`s`rk`f
tdhu`f e`p`fl`f a`f m`sce k`nc`f GZY hdfufnukk`f g`mw` sdg`lc`f gds`r wce`y`m
cfaustrc sdmcfll` h`sy`r`k`t g`fy`k y`fl gdrprbodsc sdg`l`c k`ry`w`f, K`gup`tdf
Lrdsck hdrup`k`f a`dr`m pdrt`hg`k`f ac N`w` Qchur, s`e`m s`tufy` tdra`p`t ac
Kdi`h`t`f H`fy`r y`fl hdrup`k`f sdftr` pdrck`f`f t`hg`k g`fadfl. Zdflluf``f
e`m`f y`fl edgcm abhcf`f ac Kdi`h`t`f H`fy`r `a`e`m e`m`f t`hg`k y`ctu
4.=99,00 M` (?0,09%). Zdfauauk y`fl gdrh`t` pdfi`m`rc`f ac sdktbr pdrt`fc`f
a`f pdt`fc t`hg`k sdg`fy`k 1:94 br`fl (7=,94%). F`huf adfl`f tuhgum a`f

gdrkdhg`flfy` sdktbr fbf pdrck`f`f a`p`t hdhgdrck`f `etdrf`tco g`ru uftuk

gdr`ecm ac eu`r sdktbr pdrck`f`f. M`e tdrsdgut act`fa`c adfl`f hufiuefy` e`p`fl`f
pdkdrn``f g`ru, sdpdrtc gdracrcfy` p`grck-p`grck cfaustrc. Zdrtuhgum`f cfaustrc ac
Kdi`h`t`f H`fy`r `k`f tdrus hdfcflk`t, hdflcfl`t kbfacsc ldblr`ocs ac wce`y`m
tdrsdgut hdhuflkcfk`f uftuk acacrck`f cfaustrc, tdrguktc a`rc t`muf 7::= s`hp`c t`muf
7:0? ac Kdi`h`t`f H`fy`r Ads` Wbbhb hdfl`e`hc pdfcflk`t`f nuhe`m cfaustrc y`fl
hdfydg`gk`f tdn`acfy` pdrug`m`f h`t` pdfi`m`rc`f pdfauauk acsdkct`r pdrus`m``f
tdp`tfy` ac Ads` Wbbhb.
4) @ksds kd ebk`sc Ads` Wbbhb hua`m acn`flk`u k`rdf` hdrup`k`f wce`y`m
pdrcfaustrc`f a`f pdhukch`f pdfauauk. Kbfacsc n`e`f ac Ads` Wbbhb g`ck,
hdskcpuf sdg`lc`f n`e`f h`scm rus`k ack`rdf`k`f pdfl`rum kdfa`r``f gds`r.

?
 Edflk`pc adfl`f obtb tdft`fl n`e`f acads` Wbbhb.

g. Kbfacsc Adhblr`ocs
0) Nuhe`m pdfauauk Ads` Wbbhb sdg`fy`k 4?== ncw` tdracrc a`rc 7=37 e`kc-e`kc a`f
7<3? pdrdhpu`f. Nuhe`m ruh`m t`fll` sdg`fy`k 0?43 KK. Ydmcfll` kdp`a`t`f
pdfauauk sdg`fy`k 471< ncw` pdr (kh7) adfl`f 1 ncw` pdr ruh`m t`fll`. Nuhe`m
w`rl` hcskcf 003. Nuhe`m ruh`m t`fll` hcskcf 003 nuhe`m w`rl` gut` muruo
fuee tdracrc a`rc fuee e`kc e`kc a`f fuee Zdrdhpu`f.
0. A`t` Zdfauauk
0.0 Nuhe`m Zdfauauk Hdfurut Ndfcs Kde`hcf
`. E`kc-e`kc > 7=37 Ncw`
g. Zdrdhpu`f > 7<3? Ncw`
i. Nuhe`m > 4?== Ncw`

0.7. Nuhe`m Kdp`e` Kdeu`rl` > 0?=4 KK

0.9. Nuhe`m Ybh`m > 0031 Ybh`m
0.1. Nuhe`m Zdfauauk Hdfurut Kdw`rl`fdl`r``f
`. \`rl` Fdl`r` Cfabfdsc`
Cfabfdsc` (\FC)
- E`kc-e`kc > 7=37 Ncw`
- Zdrdhpu`f > 7<3? Ncw`
- Nuhe`m > 4.?== Ncw`
g. \`rl` Fdl`r` @scfl (\F@) >-

<
 - E`kc-e`kc >-
- Zdrdhpu`f >-
- Nuhe`m >-

0.4. Nuhe`m Zdfauauk Hdfurut @l`h` / Zdfl`fut Kdpdri`y``f Qdrm`a`p Qum`f

y`fl H`m` Ds`
`. Cse`h > 4?79 Br`fl
g. Mcfau > : Br`fl
i. Guam` > 07 Br`fl
a. F`sr`fc > 49 Br`fl
o. Nuhe`m > 4?== Br`fl

7) Ac`lr`h nuhe`m pdfauauk Ads` Wbbhb gdra`s`rk`f ndfcs kde`hcf (Yuhgdr GZY

K`g Lrdsck 7:0?/0<).

9) Nuhe`m pdfauauk adw`s` gdrndfcs kde`hcf e`kc-e`kc sdg`fy`k 7=37 Ncw` a`f gdrndfcs
kde`hcf pdrdhpu`f sdg`fy`k 7<3? ncw`. Yda`flk`f nuhe`m pdfauauk `f`k gdrndfcs

=
 kde`hcf e`kc-e`kc sdg`fy`k ’ br`fl a`f gdrndfcs kde`hcf pdrdhpu`f sdg`fy`k ’ br`fl.
Ecm`t Q`gde 1.0.
Q`gde 1.0. Zdfauauk Gdra`s`rk`f Ndfcs Kde`hcf ac Ads` Wbbhb
Fb. Zdfauauk E`kc-e`kc (%) Zdrdhpu`f (%) Nuhe`m (%)
0. Adw`s` 4:,=1 13,0? 0::
7. @f`k-`f`k - - -
9. Nuhe`m (%) 4:,=1 13,0? 0::

1) Nuhe`m pdfauauk gdra`s`rk`f usc`. Acpdrbedm nul` nuhe`m `f`k usc` sdkbe`m
(pdfacack`f a`s`r) 4- 04 y`fl tca`k sdkbe`m fcmce `t`u kur`fl lczc fcmce aee.

Q`gde nuhe`m pdfauauk ac Ads` Wbbhb gdra`s`rk`f usc` (tca`k tdrsdac`)

1.0. A`t` Zdfauauk

1.0.0 Nuhe`m Zdfauauk Hdfurut Ndfcs Kde`hcf gdra`s`rk`f Tsc`
`. E`kc-e`kc > 7=37 Ncw` -
a. Zdrdhpu`f > 7<3? Ncw` -
d. Nuhe`m > 4?== Ncw` -

1.0.7. Nuhe`m Kdp`e` Kdeu`rl` > 0?=4 KK -

1.0.9. Nuhe`m Ybh`m > 0031 Ybh`m -
4) Nuhe`m pdfauauk gdra`s`rk`f pdkdrn``f. Acpdrbedm nul` nuhe`m w`rl` hcskcf 003
Nuhe`m ruh`m t`fll` hcskcf 003.
Edflk`pc adfl`f Q`gde nuhe`m pdfauauk ac Ads` Wbbhb gdra`s`rk`f
pdkdrn``f.

- acedflk`pc -
Hbmbf acedflk`pc

3
?) Nuhe`m pdfauauk gdra`s`rk`f pdfacack`f. Acpdrbedm nul` nuhe`m w`rl` gut` muruo
fcmce tdracrc a`rc - e`kc e`kc a`f Zdrdhpu`f. Acpdrbedm nul` nuhe`m `f`k usc` sdkbe`m
(pdfacack`f a`s`r) 4- 04 y`fl tca`k sdkbe`m fcmce.
?.0. Nuhe`m Zdfauauk Hdfurut Zdfacack`f

Qcflk`t Zdfacack`f Nuhe`m

Qca`k Eueus YA 00::

Eueus YA 0011
YEQZ ==0
YEQ@ 0=70
A0- A9 94
Y`rn`f` 9??
H`lcstdr 0:
Abktbr`e 0

<) Nuhe`m s`r`f` pdfacack`f y`fl `a` ac Ads` Wbbhb tdracrc a`rc Z@TA 1, Q`h`f k`f`k-
k`f`k 7, YAF/YA Yw`st` 0, H`ar`s` Cgtcay` 0, aee. M`sce pdfl`h`t`f e`p`fl`f
hdfufnukk`f g`mw` s`r`f` pdfacack`f y`fl `a` sua`m g`ck a`rc scsc g`fluf`f,
pdredflk`p`f sdkbe`m, a`f s`r`f` pdufn`fl e`cffy` sdpdrtc pdrpust`k``f.
G`l`ch`f` kbfacsc g`fluf`f sdkbe`m tdrsdgut, pdredflk`p`f sdkbe`m, s`r`f`
pdfufn`fl sdpdrtc pdrpust`k``f a`f ibhputdr2.
Q`gde <.0. Y`r`f` Zdfacack`f ac Ads` Wbbhb
Fb. Y`r`f` Zdfacack`f Nuh- Kbfacsc Zdredflk`p`f Y`r`f`
e`m g`fluf`f sdkbe`m pdfufn`fl
0. QK Yw`st` 7 Zdreu Kur`fl Zdfl`a``f
Zdrg`ck`f hdh`a`c Y`r`f`
gdrh`cf
7. YA Fdldrc/sw`st` 0 Zdreu Kur`fl Zdfl`a``f
Zdrg`ck`f hdh`a`c guku7
pde`n`r`f &
kbhputdr
y`fl upa`td
alf
kurckueuh
ackf`s aee.
1. QK@ Yw`st` :

0:
 4. W@ Fdldrc :
?. HC Fdldrc 0 Zdreu Kur`fl Zdfl`a``f
Zdrg`ck`f hdh`a`c s`r`f`
tdkfbeblc
cfobrh`sc,
sdpdrtc;
Hbadh &
N`rcfl`f
cfobrh`sc aee
<. HC Yw`st` :
=. HQs :
3. Zdrluru`f Qcfllc :
0:. Zbfabk Zds`ftrdf 0 Zdreu Kur`fl Zdfl`a``f
Zdrg`ck`f hdh`a`c s`r`f`
tdkfbeblc
cfobrh`sc,
sdpdrtc;
Hbadh &
N`rcfl`f

cfobrh`sc aee
=) Nuhe`m s`r`f` kdsdm`t`f y`fl `a` ac ads` cfc `a`e`m 0 Zuskdsh`s pdhg`ftu, 7 Zr`ktdk
abktdr uhuh, 1 pr`ktdk gca`f, a`f < pbsy`fau. O`scect`s kdsdm`t`f ac ads` cfc nul`
tde`m hdhceckc s`r`f` y`fl g`ck sdrt` kdlc`t`f kdsdm`t`f gdrn`e`f rutcf hdecputc
kdlc`t`f pdfyueum`f `t`u kdlc`t`f pdhdrcks``f kdsdm`t`f y`fl ace`kuk`f bedm
pdhdrcft`m sdtdhp`t, EYH, a`f pdrus`m``f y`fl gdr`a` ac sdkct`r ads`.

G`l`ch`f` kbfacsc g`fluf`f, o`scect`s a`f pdr`e`t`ffy`. kdlc`t`f-kdlc`t`f

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93 M. @im. Kmbzcf @fllbt` E 4= :7
Wbbhb WQ :7 W\
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1: Yukcrh`f @fllbt` E :7
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10 H`t Ye`hdt @fllbt` E :0
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17 Y`dk`f @fllbt` E :7
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19 @lus Fboc`ftb @fllbt` E :7
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11 H. Ymbocyuaacf @fllbt` E :7
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71
 Ac ads` cfc pds`f cfacvcau `t`u pbscsc sbsc`e `ktbr gdrpdfl`rum gds`r tdrm`a`p
kdlc`t`f gdrh`sy`r`k`t, hdskcpuf pbscsc `ktbr sbsc`e tca`k hdfauaukc su`tu
n`g`t`f tcfllc ac cfst`fsc pdhdrcft`m.

g) Cadftcock`sc Obruh H`sy`r`k`t

Cfobrh`sc hdfldf`c obruh-obruh y`fl acluf`k`f h`sy`r`k`t uftuk hdhg`m`s
kdpdftcfl`f pugeck, y`fl ace`kuk`f rutcf a`f hdecg`tk`f h`sy`r`k`t a`e`h
nuhe`m y`fl iukup gds`r, Gdrckut t`gde obruh h`sy`r`k`t y`fl acmchpuf a`rc
cftdrvcdw e`p`fl`f a`f OLA.

 Cadftcock`sc obruh h`sy`r`k`t. Gu`t t`gde adfl`f kbebh fb, f`h` obruh,

kd`fllbt``f, a`f n`aw`e/ordkudfsc.

Q`gde 1.=. Obruh H`sy`r`k`t ac Ads` Wbbhb

Fb. F`h` Obruh Kd`fllbt``f N`aw`e/Ordkudfsc

0.

Z`a` t`gde ac `t`s hdfnde`sk`f g`mw` obruh h`sy`r`k`t y`fl sdrcfl hde`kuk`f
kdlc`t`f `a`e`m pdrtdhu`f WQ sdtc`p 0 k`ec/hcfllu a`f obruh h`sy`r`k`t adfl`f
nuhe`m pdsdrt` y`fl g`fy`k sdkct`r 7:: br`fl `a`e`m pdfl`nc`f WQ.
i) Zdt` @ktbr Ads`
M`sce cftdr`ksc sbsc`e y`fl tdrn`ac sdi`r` gdrkdscf`hgufl`f `k`f hdhgdftuk
s`tu`f kdmcaup`f h`sy`r`k`t ac ebk`sc y`fl gdrs`flkut`f. A`e`h m`e cfc pcm`k-

74
 pcm`k y`fl hdfn`ac pde`ku prbsds cftdr`ksc sbsc`e tdrsdgut y`fl a`p`t acsdgut
sdg`lc `itbr. Gdrckut pdhdt``f `ktbr g`ck sdi`r`
sdi` r` cfacvcau h`upuf cfstctusc.

 Gu`t k`nc`f a`f l`hg`r Zdt` @ktbr ac Ads` Wbbhb adfl`f suhgdr a`rc ads`

tdrsdgut. Nde`sk`f pdr`f a`rc `ktbr tdrsdgut

Kdtdr`fl`f >
Mugufl`f e`flsufl
Mugufl`f tca`k e`flsufl
@a`fy` kbfoeck
@a`fy` kbfoeck tdrsdeugufl
@a`fy` mugufl`f e`flsufl adfl`f pdrus`m``f (i`rcty)
@a`fy` mugufl`f tca`k e`flsufl adfl`f pdrus`m``f (ibhadv)
Z`a` pdt` `ktbr ads` ac `t`s hdfnde`sk`f g`mw`
g `mw` kdp`e` ads` hdhceckc pdr`f sdftr`e

ac h`sy`r`k`t, adfl`f hdhceckc mugufl`f e`flsufl tdrm`a`p W\, WQ, EKHA,

KDYW@, Zbsy`fau, GKH, ZKK, Q`shcr H`snca, a`f Husech`t. Yda`flk`f
Zdtrbkch` a`f Yhdetcfl hdhceckc mugufl`f adfl`f h`sy`r`k`t hde`euc
kbbracf`sc kdp`e` ads`.
a) @f`ecs` N`rcfl`f
Kdku`t`f a`f kdpdftcfl`f h`sy`r`k`t tdrm`a`p tbkbm 7 h`sy`r`k`t acn`g`rk`f
p`a` t`gde acg`w`m cfc. Kdku`t`f hdecputc pdfl`rum gds`r, sda`fl, a`f kdice.
Yda`flk`f kdpdftcfl`f hdecputc pdrtdhu`f, pde`y`f`f, kdgutum`f y`fl
gdra`hp`k gds`r, kdice, a`f tca`k gdra`hp`k

Q`gde 1.3 Kdku`t`f a`f Kdpdftcfl`f H`sy`r`k`t Qdrm`a`p Qbkbm7 H`sy`r`k`t

Fb, Qbkbm H`sy`r`k`t Kdku`t`f Kdpdftcfl`f
(gds`r, sda`fl, (gds`r, kdice,
kdice) tca`k gdra`hp`k)
0. Kdp`e` Ads`
7. Kdtu` W\
9. Kdtu` WQ
1. GZA

7?
 4. GKH
?. ZKK
<. EKHA
=. Kdsr`

3. Zbsy`fau
0:. Q`khcr H`snca
00. Husech`t FT
07. S`y`s`f Yuhur Lcw`fl
09. Yhdetcfl
01. Zdtrbkchc`

Z`a` Q`gde ac `t`s, mugufl`f kdedhg`l``f ac `t`s, gds`r`f edhg`l` gdra`s`rk`f

pdfl`rum adfl`f pdhg`lc`f sdg`l`c gdrckut >
 Edhg`l` y`fl pdfl`rum gds`r ac h`sy`r`k`t `a`e`m kdp`e` ads`, Zdtrbkchc`,

GZA, a`f Yhdetcfl

 Edhg`l` y`fl pdfl`rumfy` sda`fl ac h`sy`r`k`t `a`e`m ZKK, EKHA, W\

 Edhg`l` y`fl pdfl`rumfy` kdice ac h`sy`r`k`t `a`e`m GKH. KDYW@,

Zbsy`fau, S`y`s`f Yuhur Lcw`fl, a`f Q`khcr H`snca, WQ, Husech`t FT

Z`a` l`hg`r mugufl`f kdedhg`l``f ac `t`s, pbscsc edhg`l` ac h`sy`r`k`t
gdra`s`rk`f a`hp`k adfl`f pdhg`flc`f sdg`l`c gdrckut
 Edhg`l` y`fl hdhceckc a`hp`k gds`r `a`e`m WQ, GKH, KDYW@, Zbsy`fau,

ZKK, a`f Q`khcr H`snca

 Edhg`l` y`fl hdhceckc a`hp`k sda`fl `a`e`m kdp`e` ads`, Zdtrbkchc`, GZA,

W\, Yhdetcfl, a`f EKHA, Husech`t FT

 Edhg`l` y`fl hdhceckc a`hp`k kdice `a`e`m S`y`s`f Yuhur Lcw`fl

Z`a` ku`ar`f `f`ecs` n`rcfl`f a`p`t acnde`sk`f adfl`f 1 ku`ar`f y`ctu ku`ar`f
pdrt`h` actdhp`tc bedm `ktbr-`ktbr adfl`f kdku`t`f tcfllc a`f kdpdftcfl`f
rdfa`m y`ctu K`r`fl Q`ruf`. Ku`ar`f kdau` actdhp`tc bedm `ktbr-`ktbr adfl`f
kdku`t`f tcfllc a`f kdpdftcfl`f tcfllc y`ctu kdp`e` ads`, GZA, GKH, WQ, ZKK,
EKHA, Zbsy`fau, Q`khcr H`snca, Husech`t. Ku`ar`f kdtcl` actdhp`tc bedm

7<
 dhp`t `ktbr adfl`f kdku`t`f rdfa`m a`f kdpdftcfl`f rdfa`m. Ku`ar`f kddhp`t
actdhp`tc `ktbr adfl`f kdku`t`f rdfa`m a`f kdpdftcfl`f rdfa`m y`ctu S`y`s`f
Yuhur Lcw`fl, W\ , Kdsr`, Yhdetcfl a`f Zdtrbkchc`.
 Gu`t k`nc`f pbscsc `ktbr ads` gdra`s`rk`f 1 ku`ar`f, tdracrc kdku`t`f tcfllc

a`f rdfa`m sdrt` kdpdftcfl`f tcfllc a`f rdfa`m.

Kdpdftcfl`f Qcfllc
Kdku`t`f Qcfllc

Kdku`t`f
Wdfa`m

Kdpdftcfl`f Wdfa`m
Z`a` Ac`lr`h _dff acnde`sk`f gds`r`f edhg`l` gdra`s`rk`f pdfl`rum edhg`l`
tdracrc a`rc kdice, sda`fl, a`f gds`r. Yda`flk`f pbscsc edhg`l` ac h`sy`r`k`t
acg`lc hdfn`ac kuhpue`f gdra`hp`k gds`r (gdrcrcs`f), gdra`hp`k kdice
(gdrscfllufl`f), a`f tca`k gdra`hp`k (hdfn`um).
 Gu`t nul` ac`lr`h vdff pbscsc `itbr tdrsdgut uftuk hdfnde`sk`f pdfl`rum

`ktbr tdrsdgut (gue`t`f gds`r, gue`t`f sda`fl, a`f gue`t`f kdice) a`f pbscsc
`ktbr tdrsdgut, y`ctu gdra`hp`k gds`r (gdrcrcs`f), gdra`hp`k kdice
(gdrscfllufl`f), a`f tca`k gdra`hp`k (hdfn`um).

Acgu`t h`trcks gdra`s`rk`f pdfl`rum a`f kdpdftcfl`f h`sy`r`k`t tdrm`a`p

tbkbm h`sy`r`k`t.

Q`gde 1.0:. H`trcks Zdfl`rum a`f Kdpdftcfl`f H`sy`r`k`t Qdrm`a`p Qbkbm

H`sy`r`k`t

7=
 Zdfl`rum
Gds`r Yda`fl Kdice
Kdpdftcfl`f
Gds`r

Kdice

Qca`k Gdra`hp`k

Gdra`s`rk`f t`gde ac `t`s, h`k` a`p`t ack`t`k`f g`mw`

 Edhg`l` y`fl hdhpufy`c pdfl`rum gds`r a`f hdhgdrck`f a`hp`k gds`r

a`e`h mugufl`f kdedhg`l``f `a`e`m WQ

 Edhg`l` y`fl hdhpufy`c pdfl`rum gds`r a`f hdhgdrck`f a`hp`k sda`fl

a`e`h mugufl`f kdedhg`l``f `a`e`m kdp`e` ads`, Zdtrbkchc`, W\, GZA, a`f
Yhdetcfl.
 Edhg`l` y`fl pdfl`rum gds`r a`f hdhgdrck`f a`hp`k kdice ac h`sy`r`k`t

`a`e`m
 Edhg`l` y`fl pdfl`rumfy` sda`fl a`f gdra`hp`k gds`r ac h`sy`r`k`t

`a`e`m ZKK

Edhg`l` y`fl pdfl`rumfy` kdice a`f gdra`hp`k kdice ac h`sy`r`k`t `a`e`m
S`y`s`f Yuhur Lcw`fl.
 Edhg`l` y`fl gdrpdfl`rumfy` kdice a`f gdra`hp`k gds`r ac h`sy`r`k`t

`a`e`m GKH, KDYW@, Zbsy`fau, a`f Q`khcr H`snca

H`snca
 Edhg`l` y`fl pdfl`rumfy` kdice a`f gdra`hp`k sda`fl ac h`sy`r`k`t

`a`e`m
 Edhg`l` y`fl pdfl`rumfy` kdice a`f gdra`hp`k kdice ac h`sy`r`k`t `a`e`m

S`y`s`f Yuhur Lcw`fl

73
 Zdra`e`h w`w`fi`r` uftuk hdfldt`muc kdlc`t`f7 y`fl hdfufnukk`f
pdfl`rum a`f kdpdftcfl`f sdpdrtc hdhgdrc cfobrh`sc, g`ftu`f, gua`y`
lbtbfl rbybfl.

9) Cadftcock`sc Zbtdfsc
Kdr`flk` pdflmcaup`f gdrkde`fnut`f hdhgdrck`f p`fau`f uftuk hdflcadftcock`sc
pbtdfsc suhgdr a`y` h`fusc`, suhgdr a`y` `e`h, suhgdr a`y` sbsc`e (hba`e sbsc`e),
s`r`f` pdfufn`fl kdu`fl`f (ocf`fic`e i`pct`e) a`f kbfacsc pugeci cfor`struiturd.
Ecm`t Q`gde 1.

 Hdflcadftcock`sc pbtdfsc gdrup` pbtdfsc suhgdr a`y` h`fusc`, suhgdr

a`y` `e`h, suhgdr a`y` sbsc`e (hba`e sbsc`e), suhgdr a`y` kdu`fl`f, a`f
cfor`struktur pugeck.

Q`gde 1.00. Zdfldhg`fl`f Zbtdfsc.ac Ads` Wbbhb

Fb. Ndfcs Zbtdfsc Kbfacsc Y``t Cfc Zdeu`fl Zdfldhg`fl`f
0. Yuhgdr A`y`
H`fusc`

7. Yuhgdr A`y` @e`h

9. Yuhgdr A`y` Ybsc`e

1. Yuhgdr A`y`
Kdu`fl`f

4. Cfor`struktur Zugeck

9:
1) Cadftcock`sc Kdebhpbk Wdft`f.
@a` 7 kdebhpbk rdft`f ac Ads` Wbbhb, y`ctu kdebhpbk rdft`f tdrm`a`p gdfi`f`,
a`f pdrug`m`f kbfacsc sbsc`e dkbfbhc. \`rl` h`sy`r`k`t hcskcf tdrh`suk
kdebhpbk rdft`f tdrm`a`p pdrug`m`f kbfacsc sbsc`e dkbfbhc, hdrdk` `k`f hdfa`p`t
h`s`e`m `p`gce` hdflm`a`pc kbfacsc a`f pdrug`m`f y`fl
y`fl gdrsco`t hdfa`a`k sdpdrtc
s`e`m s`tu `fllbt` kdeu`rl`fy` hdfadrct` s`kct a`f m`rus acr`w`t
acr`w `t ac ruh`m s`kct. M`e
cfc acsdg`gk`f hdrdk` tca`k pufy` `ssdt y`fl a`p`t acluf`k`f uftuk hdhgc`y`c
pdr`w`t`f ac ruh`m s`kct.

Yde`cf kdeu`rl` hcskcf y`fl rdft`f tdrm`a`p pdrug`m`f kbfacsc sbsc`e dkbfbhc, nul`
tdra`p`t e`fsc`, `f`k-`f`k, a`f cgu m`hce y`fl rdft`f tdrm`a`p gdfi`f`. Zdfnde`s`f
kdebhpbk rdft`f a`p`t acecm`t p`a` t`gde ac g`w`m cfc

 Gu`t k`nc`f adfl`f t`gde y`fl tdracrc a`rc fb, kdebhpbk rdft`f, nuhe`m,
sbeusc
Q`gde 1.07. Kdebhpbk Wdft`f ac Ads` Wbbhb
Fb. Kdebhpbk Kdtdr`fl`f Nuhe`m Ybeusc
Wdft`f
0. Qdrm`a`p E`fsc`
gdfi`f` (….) Cgu m`hce
@f`k `f`k
7. Qdrm`a`p Zdru- \`rl`

g`m`f Kbfacsc hcskcf

Ybsc`e Dkbfbhc
(003 KK)

Zdra`e`h w`w`fi`r` tdft`fl kdlc`t`f 7 y`fl hdfl`kcg`tk`f rdft`f tdrm`a`p

gdfi`f` a`f pdrug`m`f kbfacsc sbsc`e dkbfbhc ac Ads` Wbbhb

4) Cadftcock`sc Kbfoeck.

90
Ydg`g kbfoeck acecm`t a`rc adr`n`t sclfcock`fsc v`rc`gde tdrm`a`p tdrn`acfy` pdrcstcw`
kbfoeck, w`e`upuf tca`k a`p`t acukur sdi`r` ku`ftct`tco, pdfnde`s`f `k`adhck tdft`fl
adr`n`t sclfcock`fsc acpdreuk`f `l`r a`p`t actdt`pk`f pbscsc adr`n`t achdfsc sdg`g
p`a` k`sus y`fl actdectc, kdgdre`ku`f v`rc`gde sdg`g cfc acecm`t a`rc n`w`g`f pdfa`p`t
sdrt` cfobrh`sc a`rc kdy cfobrh`ft y`fl sdi`r` ku`ect`tco hdfldksprdsck`f tcflk`t
sclfcock`fsc tdrsdgut. M`sce tdhu`f e`p`fl`f hdfufnukk`f `a` 7 v`rc`gde kbfoeck
y`fl `a` ac h`sy`r`k`t Ads` Wbbhb y`fl a`p`t acecm`t p`a` Q`gde 1.00 ac g`w`m
cfc.
 Gu`t k`nc`f adfl`f t`gde y`fl tdracrc a`rc fb, kbfoeck, ur`c`f, tcflk`t, a`f

kdtdr`fl`f
Q`gde 1.09. Ydg`g Kbfoeck ac Ads` Wbbhb
Fb. Ydg`g Kbfoeck H`s`e`m Qcflk`t Kdtdr`fl`f

Gdra`s`rk`f m`sce adpp cftdrvcdw tch adfl`f gdgdr`p` kdy cfobrh`ft, tch
hdfychpuek`f g`mw` Ads` Wbbhb hdfychpuek`f adr`n`t sdg`g kbfoeck p`a`
tcflk`t`f gds`r. M`e cfc acsdg`gk`f abf`sc pdrus`m``f p`a` a`dr`m Wbbhb `a`e`m
m`e y`fl sclfcock`f uftuk hdfn`ac pdfydg`g tchguefy` kbfoeck.

Hdfurut kdschpue`f a`rc m`sce e`p`fl`f y`fl ace`kuk`f tch, pbtdfsc kbfoeck y`fl
acsdg`gk`f bedm pcm`k-pcm`k rdft`f a`p`t acrda`h adfl`f gdrkbbracf`sc g`ck adfl`f
`p`r`t pdhdrcft`m. Nck` acecm`t pbe` mugufl`f y`fl tdricpt` ac h`sy`r`k`t edgcm
gdrsco`t obrh`e, sdhu` urus`f ac`tur bedm pdr`flk`t ads` tdrut`h` WQ. @p`gce`

97
 tdrn`ac kbfoeck ac h`sy`r`k`t, h`k` gc`s`fy` acsdeds`ck`f sdi`r` rdshc bedm WQ,
kdhuac`f bedm pcm`k ads`, kdi`h`t`f, a`f kdpbecsc`f.

?) Cadftcock`sc h`s`e`m sbsc`e.

Cadftcock`sc h`s`e`m sbsc`e aca`p`tk`f adfl`f hde`kuk`f Obius Lrbup Acssiuscbf
adfl`f h`sy`r`k`t, adfl`f tunu`f hdfa`p`tk`f g`fy`k cfobrh`sc a`f gcs` acacskusck`f
gdrs`h`. Gdrckut m`sce cadftcock`sc h`s`e`m sbsc`e
sbsc`e y`fl a`p`t acecm`t p`a` Q`gde 1…

 Gu`t k`nc`f adfl`f t`gde y`fl tdracrc a`rc fb, h`s`e`m sbsc`e, ur`c`f,

tcflk`t, a`f kdtdr`fl`f.

Q`gde 1.09. H`s`e`m Ybsc`e y`fl `a` Acads` Wbbhb
Fb. Tr`c`f Zdrcflk`t H`s`e`m

M`sce OLA y`ctu tdra`p`t 00 h`s`e`m sbsc`e Ads` Wbbhb adfl`f tcl` h`s`e`m ut`h` y`ctu

pdfl`fllur`f, s`hp`m, a`f kdsdm`t`f. Zdfl`fllur`f acsdg`gk`f bedm o`ktbr cftdrf`e a`f
dkstdrf`e. Zdfydg`g o`ktbr cftdrf`efy` `a`e`m rdfa`mfy` tcflk`t pdfacack`f, hcfchfy`
kd`mec`f, a`f kdgc`s``f hdfdrch`. Yda`flk`f o`ktbr dkstdrf`e `a`e`m tcfllcfy`
pdrs`cfl`f hdh`sukc pdrus`m``f a`f st`fa`r up`m hcfchuh y`fl tcfllc y`fl
hdfydg`gk`f sdg`lc`f br`fl hdfce`c nck` up`m ac g`w`m st`fa`r s`h` adfl`f
pdfl`fllur`f.
Zdfl`fllur`f p`a` h`s` prbauktco a`p`t hdfchguek`f h`s`e`m sbsc`e ac h`sy`r`k`t
sdpdrtc krchcf`ect`s, pdfy`e`mluf``f bg`t tdre`r`fl, a`f r`w`f kbfoeck sdrt` hua`m
tdrsueut prbvbk`tbr. M`e cfc pdreu ac`ftcscp`sc adfl`f hde`kuk`f kdlc`t`f pdfl`ecm`f

99
 prbauktco sdpdrtc hdfldhg`flk`f g`k`t be`mr`l`, pde`tcm`f skcee prbauktco, a`f e`cf
sdg`l`cfy`.
Yde`cf ctu, h`s`e`m e`cf y`fl acm`a`pc `a`e`m s`hp`m. H`s`e`m s`hp`m hdrup`k`f
h`s`e`m ut`h` a`dr`m pdrkbt``f a`f pdfauauk p`a`t, hdskcpuf acwce`y`m tdrsdgut sua`m
tdra`p`t g`fk s`hp`m, `k`f tdt`pc pdru `a`fy` pdflu`t`f kds`a`r`f h`sy`r`k`t y`fl
ace`kuk`f sdi`r` gdrk`e` a`f pdfldhg`fl`f a`rc g`fk s`hp`m y`fl `a`, sdmcfll`
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