PHILIPPINE INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY FINAL HANDOUT

REGION X- NORTHERN MINDANAO

The current name of the region was derived from its position on Mindanao Island. There have
been proposals to rename the current Northern Mindanao region, which is dominated by the Cebuano
ethnic group, into the Amihanan region. Amihanan literally translates to “northern area” from the
Cebuano language, which is the lingua franca of the region.

Population 5,022,768
Languages Cebuano,Maranao, Subanen, Higaonon, Bukid, Kamigin, Ilianen,
Matigsalug, Iranum, Western Bukidnon, Hiligaynon, Waray, Tagalog and
English.
Religion Roman Catholic and Islam
Provinces Bukidnon, Camiguin, lanao del Norte, Misamis Ocidental and Oriental.
Indigenous  Lumad
Group  Ata
 Bagobo
 Guiangga
 Mamanwa
 Magguangan
 Mandaya
 Banwa-on
 Bukidnon
 Dulangan
 Kalagan
 Kulaman
 Manobo
 Subanon
 Tagabili
 Takakaolo
 Talandig
 tiruray
Products Banana, Rubber, Bamboo, Cacao, Coco coir, Coffee
Cultural practices Weaving and metal craft
and Traditions

REGION XI- SOUTHERN MINDANAO

Davao region, formerly called Southern Mindanao, is an administrative in the Philippines,
designated as Region XI. It is situated at the southeastern portion of Mindanao and comprises five
provinces. Its regional center is Davao City.
Population 5,243,536
Languages Cebuano, Mandaya, Kalagan, Giangan, Dibababawon, tagabawa,Mansaka,
Sangirese, Obo, Sarangani, Filipino and English.
Religion Roman Catholic and Protestant
Provinces Davao de Oro, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Davao Oriental and Davao
Occidental.
Indigenous Mandaya, Mansaka, Manobo, Tagacaulo, and Calagan
Group
Products Papayas, rice, corn, abaca, coconut, Bananas, Pineapples, Fresh
asparagus, Flowers, and Fish products
Cultural practices 1.Kadayawan festival (it serves as thanksgiving event for the gift of nature,
and Traditions wealth, culture and bounties of the harvest and serenity of living.)
2.Araw ng Dabaw
Cultural icons Philippine eagle, Mt. Apo, Waling-Waling and Durian
Mandaya- refers to a number of indigenous groups found along the mountain ranges of Davao
Oriental, Davao del Norte and Surigao del Sur. They are also recorded to be present in Mount
Kampalili, in the hoghlands of eastern Mindanao.
Mansaka- distinctive subgroup of the Mandaya. They are known for their distinctive costumes and
ornamentation, involving tie-dyed textiles and embroidery using a sophisticated system of symbols
with named motifs.
Manobo- a group of people speaking one of the languages that belong to the Manobo language
family.
Tagacaulo- they are skilled in basket weaving, embroidery, loom weaving, blanket weaving,
headresses,beaded necklaces and others. They make their jackets out of abaca and decorated them
with mother-of-pearl discs lined with glass beads.
Calagan- known as agriculturist cultivating rice, corn abaca, and coconut for cash crops.

REGION XII- SOCCSKARGEN

Formerly known as Central Mindanao, designated as Region XII. The regional center is in
Koronadal, located in the province of South Cotabato, and the center of commerce and industry is
General Santos, which is the most populous city in the region, its largest city is General Santos.

Population 4,360,974
Languages Hiligaynon, Maguindanaon, Cebuano, Iranun, Sarangani, Tboli, Blaan,
Dulangan, Manobo,Obo, Tagabawa, Teduray, Ilianen, Karay-a, Ilocano,
Tagalog and English
Religion Roman Catholic and Islam
Provinces Cotabato, Sarangani, South Cotabato and Sultan Kudarat
Indigenous T’boli, Maguindanaon, Ubo, Blit, and Blaan
Group
Products Palay, corn, banana, sugarcane, pineapple and mango,chicken, coconut,
coffee, durian and african palm.
Cultural practices 1. Sto. Nino de Bula Patronal fiesta
and Traditions 2. Weaving art that bases its patterns on their dreams
3. Hinugyaw festival
Cities Kidapawan, Cotabato, General Santos, Koronadal and Tacurong

T’boli- are an Austronesian ethnic group native to South Cotabato in southern Mindanao in the
Philippines.
Maguindanaon- are an Austronesian ethnic group from the Philippines, known for their distinguished
in the realm of visual art.
Ubo - are a Manobo sub-tribe who inhabit the more isolated mountains of Southwest Cotabato in the
area known as datal Tabayong.
Blit- they are part of the Filipino, tribal people cluster within the Malay Peoples affinity bloc.
Blaan- are one of the indigenous peoples of Southern Mindanao in the Philippines. Their name could
have derived from “bla” meaning “opponent” and the suffix “an” meaning “people”.

REGION XIII- CARAGA

Is an administrative region in the Philippines occupying the northeastern section of Mindanao.
Butuan is the most urbanized city in Caraga, serves as the regional administrative center. the region
is characterized by mountainous areas, flat and rolling lands. the most productive agricultural area of
the region lies along the Agusan River Basin.
 Population 2,804,788
Languages Cebuano, Suriagaonon, Butuanon, Kamayo, Manobo, Tagalog, and English.
Religion Roman Catholic and Islam
Provinces Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Dinagat Islands, Surigao del Norte, and
Surigao del Sur.
Indigenous Mamanwa, Manobo, Hiogaonon and Talaandig.
Group
Products Palay, corn, banana, coconut, gold, rubber, oil palm, calamnsi, prawns,
milkfish, crabs, seaweeds and mango.
Cultural practices - Celebrated such as births, deaths, and marriages
and Traditions - Rich oral tradition such as folktales, songs and dances that are passed
down from generation to generation
- They believe in animism, ancestor worship and nature worship
- Weaving
- Musical tradition
Cities Bayugan, Bislig, Butuan, Cabadbaran, Surigao and Tandag.

Mamanwa- the oldest existing group of people in the Philippines and are believed to be direct
descendants of the Mambuti tribe in Africa.
Manobo- one of the largest indigenous group in the Philippines. The have a rich cultural heritage and
are known for their traditional weaving techniques.
Higaonon- indigenous group that has lived in the Caraga region for centuries. The have strong
connection to their ancestral lands and practice traditional forms of agriculture.
Banwaon- indigenous people that lives in the mountainous areas in the Caraga region. They have
rich cultural heritage and are known for their traditional songs and dances.
Talaandig- an indigenous group that lives in the Caraga region. The have a rich cultural heritage and
are known traditional dances and music.

REGION XIV- AUTONOMOUS REGION IN MUSLIM MINDANAO

The Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao is located in western part of Mindanao. It
was created on August 1, 1989 to include the provinces. The region was expanded in 2001 to include
the province of Basilan and the city of Marawi as part of ARMM.
Population 3,781,387
Languages Maguindanao, Filipino and English
Religion Islam
Provinces Basilan, Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Sulu and Tawi-Tawi
Indigenous Yakan, Sama, Meranao,Teduray and Dulangan Manobo
Group
Products Cassava, palay, coconut, corn, seaweed, and rubber
Cultural practices - Ramadan
and Traditions - Weavers of Peace
- Kalilang and Kariyala

Yakan- they are renowned for their weaving traditions.

Sama- one of the largest and most diverse ethnolinguistic group.
Meranao- referred as people of the lake.
Teduray- they live in upper portion of a river-drained area.
Dulangan Manobo- is the name of a legendary ancestor and is said to mean high place. They are
shorter and lighter in built and most of them have curly hair.

Prepared by: Ms. Jane P. Leaño, LPT

Subject Instructor