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Full download Core Curriculum for Neonatal Intensive Care Nursing 6th Edition M. Terese Verklan file pdf all chapter on 2024
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CONTENTS
19. Discharge Planning and Transition to Home, 329 39. Ethical Issues, 714
20. Genetics: From Bench to Bedside, 346 40. Legal Issues, 720
21. Intrafacility and Interfacility Neonatal Appendix A: Newborn Metric Conversion Tables, 734
Transport, 359 Index, 737
CORE CURRICULUM FOR
Neonatal Intensive
Care Nursing
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CORE CURRICULUM FOR
Neonatal Intensive
Care Nursing
SIXTH EDITION
EDITED BY
M. TERESE VERKLAN, PhD, RNC, CCNS, FAAN
Professor/Neonatal Clinical Nurse Specialist
Graduate School of Biological Sciences
School of Nursing
University of Texas Medical Branch
Galveston, TX, United States
Previous editions copyrighted by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc., 2015, 2010, 2004, 1999, 1993
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without
permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the
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This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher
(other than as may be noted herein).
Notice
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating
and using any information, methods, compounds or experiments described herein. Because of rapid
advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages
should be made. To the fullest extent of the law, no responsibility is assumed by Elsevier, authors, editors
or contributors for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability,
negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas
contained in the material herein.
ISBN: 978-0-323-55419-0
Debra Armentrout, PhD, APRN, NNP-BC Lindsey Churchman, MSN, RN, NNP-BC
Adjunct Faculty Assistant Director, Neonatal Nurse Practitioners
School of Nursing Neonatology
University of Texas Medical Branch Children’s Mercy Hospital
Galveston, TX, United States Kansas City, MO, United States
Teresa B. Bailey, DNP, APRN, NNP-BC M. Colleen Brand, PhD, APRN, NNP-BC
Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Neonatal Nurse Practitioner
Pediatrix Medical Group Neonatology
Mednax National Medical Group Texas Children’s Hospital
Austin, TX, United States Houston, TX, United States
Assistant Professor
Susan Givens Bell, DNP, MABMH, NNP-BC, RNC-NIC
Neonatology
Neonatal Nurse Practitioner
Baylor College of Medicine
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Houston, TX, United States
Asante Rogue Regional Medical Center
Medford, OR, United States Karen D’Apolito, PhD, APRN, NNP-BC, FAAN
Professor & Program Director NNP Specialty
Susan Tucker Blackburn, PhD, RN, FAAN
School of Nursing
Professor Emerita
Vanderbilt University
Department of Family and Child Nursing
Nashville, TN, United States
University of Washington
Seattle, WA, United States William Diehl-Jones, PhD, MSc, BSc, BScN
Associate Professor
Marina Boykova, PhD, RN
Center for Nursing and Health Research
Assistant Professor
Athabasca University
School of Nursing & Allied Health Professions
Athabasca, AB, Canada
Holy Family University
Philadelphia, PA, United States Georgia Ditzenberger, PhD, RNC, NNP-BC
Non-Executive Director Neonatal Nurse Practitioner
Council of International Neonatal Nurses Women and Children’s Department
Yardley, PA, United States Salem Health Hospital & Clinics
Salem, OR, United States
Wanda T. Bradshaw, MSN, RN, NNP-BC
Assistant Professor; Lead Faculty NNP Specialty Christine D. Domonoske, PharmD
School of Nursing Neonatal Clinical Pharmacy Specialist
Duke University Pharmacy
Durham, NC, United States Children’s Memorial Hermann Hospital
Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Houston, TX, United States
Cone Health
Ann Donze, MSN, APN
Greensboro, NC, United States
Neonatal Intensive Care (retired)
Leigh Ann Cates-McGlinn, PhD, APRN, NNP-BC, St. Louis Children’s Hospital
RRT-NPS, CHSE St. Louis, MO, United States
Director
Sharron Forest, DNP, APRN, NNP-BC
McGlinn Institute
Associate Professor
Neonatal Nurse Practitioner
School of Nursing
Atrium Health
The University of Texas Medical Branch
Charlotte, NC, United States
Galveston, TX, United States
Anita Catlin, DNSc, FNP, CNL, FAAN
Manager, Research
Administration
Kaiser Permanente
Vallejo, CA, United States
vii
viii CONTRIBUTORS
Debbie Fraser, MN, CNEON(C) Heather Lynn Maltsberger, MSN, APRN, NNP-BC
Associate Professor Neonatal Nurse Practitioner
Faculty of Health Disciplines Pediatrix Medical Group
Athabasca University Mednax National Medical Group
Athabasca, AB, Canada Austin, TX, United States
Neonatal Nurse Practitioner
Margaret M. Naber, MSN, APN, NNP-BC
NICU
Advanced Practice Registered Nurse/Neonatal Nurse Practitioner
St Boniface Hospital
Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology
Winnigeg, MB, Canada
Ronald McDonald Children’s Hospital at Loyola University
Editor-in-Chief
Medical Center
Neonatal Network
Maywood, IL, United States
Springer Publishing
New York, New York, United States Barbara Elizabeth Pappas, DNP, ARNP, NNP-BC
Neonatal Nurse Practitioner
Jennifer G. Hensley, EdD, CNM, WHNP, LCCE NICU
Professor, Clinical Nursing Coordinator Blank Children’s Hospital
D.N.P. Nurse-Midwifery Program Des Moines, IA, United States
School of Nursing
University Louise Herrington Leslie A. Parker, PhD, APRN, FAAN
Dallas, TX, United States Associate Professor
Certified Nurse-Midwife College of Nursing
Renaissance Women’s Group University of Florida
Austin, TX, United States Gainesville, FL, United States
Alice S. Hill, PhD, RN, FAAN Webra Price-Douglas, PhD, NNP-BC, IBCLC
Professor, Associate Dean of Graduate Programs, Retired Coordinator
School of Nursing Maryland Regional Neonatal Transport Program
University of Texas Medical Branch Johns Hopkins & University of Maryland Medical Centers
Galveston, TX, United States Baltimore, MD, United States
Pat Hummel, PhD, APRN, NNP-BC, PPCNP-BC Deanna Lynn Robey, BSN, RNC-NIC, CLNC
Neonatal/Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Team Leader
Neonatology NICU
Loyola University Medical Center Blank Children’s Hospital
Maywood, IL, United States Des Moines, IA, United States
Certified Legal Nurse Consultant
Helen M. Hurst, DNP, RNC-OB, APRN-CNM Lederer, Weston, Craig, PLC
Department Head and Associate to the Dean, West Des Moines, IA, United States
Associate Professor
Nursing Kathryn M. Rudd, DNP, MSN, RN, NIL, NPT
University of Louisiana at Lafayette Nurse Educator
Lafayette, LA, United States Division of Nursing
Cuyahoga Community College
Carole Kenner, PhD, RN, FAAN, FNAP, ANEF Cleveland, OH, United States
Chief Executive Officer
Council of International Neonatal Nursing, Inc. (COINN) Tammy Rush, MSN, RN, C-NPT, EMT
Yardley, PA, United States Department of Pediatric Trauma
Brenner Children’s Hospital
Lisa A. Lubbers, MSN, APRN, NNP-BC Winston-Salem, NC, United States
Neonatal Nurse Practitioner
NICU Sharyl L. Sadowski, MSN, APN, NNP-BC
Avera McKennan Hospital Clinical Faculty
Sioux Falls, SD, United States Marcella Niehoff School of Nursing
Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Loyola University Chicago
NICU Chicago, IL, United States
Fairview Health Services Patricia Scheans, DNP
Minneapolis, MN, United States Neonatal Nurse Practitioner
Denise Maguire, PhD, RN, CNL, FAAN Pediatrics
Vice Dean, Graduate Programs Legacy Health
Associate Professor, College of Nursing Portland, OR, United States
University of South Florida
Tampa, FL, United States
CONTRIBUTORS ix
Julieanne Heidi Schiefelbein, DNP, MApp Sc, MA(Ed), Tanya Sudia, PhD, RN
NNP-BC, CPNP Dean and Professor
Neonatal Nurse Practitioner College of Nursing
NICU Augusta University
Primary Children’s Hospital Augusta, GA, United States
Salt Lake City, UT, United States
Ellen Tappero, DNP, RN, NNP-BC
Assistant Professor
Neonatal Nurse Practitioner
College of Nursing
Neonatology Associates Practice
University of Utah
Mednax National Medical Group
Salt Lake City, UT, United States
Phoenix, AZ, United States
Holly A. Shippey, MSN, APRN, NNP-BC
Carol Wiltgen Trotter, PhD, NNP-BC
Neonatal Nurse Practitioner
Neonatal Nurse Practitioner
Neonatology
Retired
Texas Children’s Hospital
St. Louis, MO, United States
Houston, TX, United States
Instructor M. Terese Verklan, PhD, RNC, CCNS, FAAN
Neonatology Professor/Neonatal Clinical Nurse Specialist
Baylor College of Medicine Graduate School of Biological Sciences
Houston, TX, United States School of Nursing
University of Texas Medical Branch
Bonita Shviraga, PhD, CNM, RN, FACNM
Galveston, TX, United States
Certified Nurse-Midwife
Adjunct Faculty, Midwifery Institute Marlene Walden, PhD, APRN, NNP-BC, CCNS, FAAN
Thomas Jefferson University Nurse Scientist Manager
Philadelphia, PA, United States Nursing Research Department
Arkansas Children’s Hospital
Joan Renaud Smith, PhD, RN, NNP-BC, FAAN
Little Rock, AR, United States
Director
Quality, Safety & Practice Excellence Catherine Witt, PhD, APRN, NNP-BC
St. Louis Children’s Hospital Dean/Associate Professor
St. Louis, MO, United States Loretto Heights School of Nursing
Regis University
Carol Turnage Spruill, MSN, APRN-CNS, CPHQ
Denver, CO, United States
Clinical Nurse Specialist
Women, Infants and Children
University of Texas Medical Branch
Galveston, TX, United States
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REVIEWERS
Denise Casey, RN, CCRN, CPNP Carie Linder MSN, APRN, NNP
Clinical Nurse Specialist Neonatology
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Integris Baptist Medical Center
Boston Children’s Hospital Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
Boston, Massachusetts
Caitlin O’Brien
Liz Drake, RNC-NIC, MN, NNP, CNS Boston Children’s Hospital
Clinical Nurse Specialist Stoneham, Massachusetts
Neonatal Intensive Care
CHOC Children’s at Mission Hospital
Mission Viejo, California
xi
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P R E FA C E
The provision of intensive care to the high-risk neonate presented as to how we can assist in the recognition of
challenges every neonatal care provider. Research and re- the high-risk fetus/neonate and plan interventions that
finements in technology have made “high-tech” modalities support the physiologic demands of the neonate during
such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), transition. Cornerstones of Clinical Practice presents
nitric oxide, and hypothermia available to many more hos- concepts common to the delivery of quality care to all
pitals. The art and science of neonatal nursing are never high-risk newborns and families. The third section,
stochastic. We learn from scientists; researchers; interpro- Pathophysiology: Management and Treatment of Com-
fessional colleagues; and, of course, our infants and their mon Disorders, provides a systems approach to the
families. At a minimum, we are expected to enhance our assessment and management of the disease processes
application of clinical knowledge by utilizing an evidence- high-risk neonates commonly present with. The last
based approach to improve patient outcomes. The role of section, Professional Practice, focuses on the caregiver to
the nurse is frequently to bring together all the pieces of the strengthen competency with respect to research use, in
puzzle to ensure comprehensive, clinically excellent, and addition to providing an overview of universal ethical
compassionate care to sick newborns and their families. and legal issues that may be encountered in the practice
The sixth edition of Core Curriculum for Neonatal of neonatal nursing.
Intensive Care Nursing is intended as a clinical resource This text is the collaborative effort of the three major
and as an aid to prepare the nurse to take the high-risk nursing specialty associations: the Association of Women’s
neonatal nursing certification examination, whether it Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN); the
is the American Association of Critical Care Nurses American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN);
Certification Examination (CCRN-neo) or the National and the National Association of Neonatal Nurses (NANN).
Certification Corporation (RNC-NIC). The book is The book brings together experts in the care of the high-
divided into sections and designed in an outline format risk neonate, all having the common goal of providing a
so that it may be used as an easy reference. The first comprehensive resource for the management and care of
section, Antepartum, Intrapartum, and Transition to sick newborns. We are honored to be the editors of such an
Extrauterine Life, addresses clinical issues related outstanding collaborative effort.
to factors that affect the fetus and the neonate’s ability to
successfully adapt to postnatal life. Information is also M. Terese Verklan
Marlene Walden
Sharron Forest
xiii
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CONTENTS
Assessment of the Gastrointestinal System, 505 Physiology of the Neurologic System, 631
Abdominal Wall Defects, 508 Neurologic Assessment, 632
Obstructions of the Gastrointestinal Tract, 512 Neural Tube Defects (NTDs), 634
Necrotizing Enterocolitis, 522 Neurologic Disorders, 636
Short-Bowel Syndrome, 524 Intracranial Hemorrhages, 644
Biliary Atresia, 526 Seizures, 647
Cholestasis, 527 Hypoxic–Ischemic Encephalopathy, 649
Gastroesophageal Reflux, 528 Periventricular Leukomalacia, 652
Multisystem Disorders With Gastrointestinal Meningitis, 653
Involvement, 530 35. Congenital Anomalies, 654
30. Endocrine Disorders, 543 Lisa A. Lubbers
Susan Tucker Blackburn Specific Disorders, 658
The Endocrine System, 543 Sex Chromosome Abnormalities, 664
Pituitary Gland Disorders, 545 Non-Chromosomal Abnormalities, 665
Thyroid Gland Disorders, 546 Deformation Abnormalities, 671
Adrenal Gland Disorders, 551 Congenital Metabolic Problems, 672
Sexual Development, 556 Disorders of Metabolism, 673
Disorders of Sexual Development, 556 36. Neonatal Dermatology, 678
Pancreas, 564 Catherine Witt
31. Hematologic Disorders, 568 Anatomy and Physiology of the Skin, 678
William Diehl-Jones and Debbie Fraser Care of the Newborn Infant’s Skin, 680
Development of Blood Cells, 568 Assessment of the Newborn Infant’s Skin, 681
Coagulation, 572 Common Skin Lesions, 681
Anemia, 574 37. Ophthalmologic and Auditory Disorders, 691
Hemorrhagic Disease of the Newborn, 577 Debbie Fraser and William Diehl-Jones
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, 578 Anatomy of the Eye, 691
Thrombocytopenia, 580 Patient Assessment, 692
Polycythemia, 581 Pathologic Conditions and Management, 693
Inherited Bleeding Disorders, 582 Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction, 694
Transfusion Therapies, 583 Anatomy of the Ear, 701
Evaluation by Complete Blood Cell Count, 586 Innervation, 702
32. Infectious Diseases in the Neonate, 588 Patient Assessment, 702
Kathryn M. Rudd
Transmission of Infectious Organisms in the PA R T F O U R
Neonate, 588 Professional Practice
Risk Factors, 589
Diagnosis and Treatment, 589
Neonatal Septicemia, 595 38. Foundations of Neonatal Research, 705
Infection With Specific Pathogens, 600 Alice S. Hill
Infection Control, 611 Research and Generation of Nursing Knowledge, 705
33. Renal and Genitourinary Disorders, 617 Research Process and Components of a Research
Denise Maguire Study, 707
Overview, 617 Quantitative Research, 708
Fetal Development of the Kidney, 617 Qualitative Research, 709
Development of the Bladder and Urethra, 618 Areas of Exploration in Neonatal Nursing, 709
Renal Function, 618 Nurses as Consumers of Research, 709
Renal Anatomy, 618 Ethics in Research and Nurses as Advocates, 710
Regulation of Postnatal Renal Hemodynamics, 619 39. Ethical Issues, 714
Clinical Evaluation of Renal and Urinary Tract Tanya Sudia and Anita Catlin
Disease, 621 Examining Ethical Issues in the NICU, 714
Laboratory Evaluation of Renal Function, 622 Principles of Biomedical Ethics, 715
Radiographic Evaluation, 623 Other Approaches to Ethical Issues, 716
Acute Kidney Injury, 623 Case Analysis Model, 717
Renal Tubular Acidosis, 625 The Nurse’s Role in Ethical Issues, 717
Developmental Renal Abnormalities, 625 Assessing Ethical Advisories From Maternal Child
Disorders of the Genitalia, 627 Organizations, 718
34. Neurologic Disorders, 629 Consulting the Hospital Ethics Committee, 718
Georgia Ditzenberger Summary, 718
Anatomy of the Neurologic System, 629
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Language: Spanish
Nota de transcripción
NOVELAS
Ganarás el pan... (Primer premio en el Concurso de novelistas de
siglo XX.) (Tercera edición.)
La catorce. (Quinta edición.)
Corazones sin rumbo. (Quinta edición.)
Un grito en la noche. (Quinta edición.)
EN PRENSA
Muñecos.
EN PREPARACIÓN
Los ojos verdes.
NOVELAS CORTAS
Ni amor ni arte. — Cuesta abajo. — La celada de Alonso
Quijano. — Mi primera aventura. — El misterio de los ojos
claros. — Los cigarrillos del duque. — La paz del hogar. — La
excesiva bondad. — El crimen de la calle de Ponzano.
TEATRO
El deber. Comedia en dos actos. (En colaboración.)
La otra. Comedia en un acto. (Idem.)
En la boca del lobo. Drama en un acto.
La Goya. Drama en un prólogo, un acto y un epílogo.
La sombra. Comedia en tres actos. (En colaboración.)
Uno menos. Drama en un acto.
El torrente. Comedia en cuatro actos.
VERSOS
Para ella y para ellas. (Segunda edición.)
P e d r o M ata
GANARÁS EL PAN...
PRIMER PREMIO DEL CONCURSO DE NOVELISTAS DEL SIGLO XX
TERCERA EDICIÓN
MA DRID
EDITORIAL PUEYO
Calle del Arenal, 6.
1919
ES PROPIEDAD
Derechos reservados para todos los
países.
Copyright by, Pedro Mata, 1919.