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CONTENTS

PART ONE
Review of Mathematics
REVIEW OF MATHEMATICS PRETEST, 3
CHAPTER 1 Fractions, 7
CHAPTER 2 Decimals, 31
CHAPTER 3 Percents, 53
CHAPTER 4 Ratios, 71
CHAPTER 5 Proportions, 87
REVIEW OF MATHEMATICS POSTTEST, 101

PART TWO
Units and Measurements for the Calculation of Drug Dosages
CHAPTER 6 Metric and Household Measurements, 109
CHAPTER 7 Calculations Used in Patient Assessments, 133
PART THREE
Preparation for Calculation of Drug Dosages
CHAPTER 8 Safety in Medication Administration, 152
CHAPTER 9 Interpretation of the Physician’s Orders, 165
CHAPTER 10 Reading Medication Labels, 175

PART FOUR
Calculation of Drug Dosages
CHAPTER 11 Oral Dosages, 186
CHAPTER 12 Parenteral Dosages, 269
CHAPTER 13 Dosages Measured in Units, 356
CHAPTER 14 Reconstitution of Medications, 394
CHAPTER 15 Intravenous Flow Rates, 421
CHAPTER 16 Intravenous Flow Rates for Dosages Measured in Units, 459
CHAPTER 17 Critical Care Intravenous Flow Rates, 479
CHAPTER 18 Pediatric Dosages, 503
CHAPTER 19 Obstetric Dosages, 549

Comprehensive Posttest, 571

Glossary, 597

Appendix A: Apothecary System of Measure, 598

CALCULATION
OF DRUG DOSAGES
A Work Text
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Dosages: A Work Text, Tenth Edition, include the following:
• Drug Calculations Companion, version 5
 completely updated, interactive student tutorial that includes an
A
extensive menu of various topic areas within drug calculations, such
as oral, parenteral, pediatric, and intravenous calculations. It contains
over 600 practice problems covering ratio and proportion, formula,
and dimensional analysis methods.
•  tudent Practice Problems and Learning
S
Activities
 rovides additional practice and
P
promotes active learning and application
of content.
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 ey formulas and other material are provided
K
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CALCULATION
OF DRUG DOSAGES
A Work Text
TENTH EDITION

Sheila J. Ogden, MSN, RN

President and CEO
SJOgden Consulting, Inc.
Indianapolis, Indiana

Linda K. Fluharty, MSN, RN

Professor
School of Nursing
Ivy Tech Community College
Indianapolis, Indiana
3251 Riverport Lane
St. Louis, Missouri 63043

CALCULATION OF DRUG DOSAGES:  ISBN: 978-0-323-31069-7

A WORK TEXT, TENTH EDITION

Copyright © 2016 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1999, 1995, 1991, 1987, 1980, 1977 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of
Elsevier Inc.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system,
without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further
information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such
as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website:
www.elsevier.com/permissions.

This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the
Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).

Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and
our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright
Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.

This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the
Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).

Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience
broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical
treatment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in
evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In
using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of
others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the
most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each
product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration
of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their
own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the
best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors,
assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products
liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products,
instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.

International Standard Book Number: 978-0-323-31069-7

Senior Content Strategist: Yvonne Alexopoulos

Traditional Content Development Manager: Jean Sims Fornango
Senior Content Development Specialist: Danielle M. Frazier
Publishing Services Manager: Deborah L. Vogel
Senior Project Manager: Jodi M. Willard
Design Direction: Julia Dummitt

Printed in Canada

Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

To David, my husband and best friend, for your patience, support, and love;
and to our wonderful family, John, Shannon, Kate, Claire,
Amy, Ryan, Connor, Justin, Maya, and Celeste.
Love, Sheila, Mom, and Nana.
S.J.O.

To my parents, Richard and Arlene Duke,

for their love and support when I said I wanted to be a nurse.
Love, Linda.
L.K.F.
This page intentionally left blank
 CONTENT AND MATH REVIEWERS

Bret Alan Barker, MSN, RN, CCRN, PHN

Adjunct Faculty, Nursing Instructor
Gavilan College
Gilroy, California

Pricilla Clark, MSN, RN

Nursing Programs Coordinator/Professor
Central Texas College
Killeen, Texas

Janie Corbitt, RN, MLS

Former Instructor, Health Technology Core
Central Georgia Technical College
Milledgeville, Georgia

Marge Gingrich, RN, MSN, CRNP

Professor, Nursing
Harrisburg Area Community College
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

Jessica Gonzales ARNP, MSN, RN

Nursing Instructor
Lake Washington Institute of Technology
Redmond, Washington

Bobbi Steelman, B.S. Ed, MA. Ed, CPhT

Adjunct Allied Health Instructor
Daymar Colleges Group
Bowling Green, Kentucky

Ann Thurman, BSN, RN

Coordinator, Allied Health/Practical Nursing
Tennessee Technology Center at Hartsville
Hartsville, Tennessee

Laura Warner, MSN, RN, CNE

Associate Professor of Nursing
Ivy Tech Community College
Indianapolis, Indiana

Copyright © 2016 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. vii

This page intentionally left blank
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We are grateful to the students and instructors who have chosen to use this book; we continue to
learn so much from each of you. You have helped us understand the problems that students have
with basic mathematics and with the calculation of drug dosages. We appreciate the physicians,
nurses, pharmacists, and representatives of various health care agencies who took the time to
discuss topics with us. We hope this book will provide readers with a feeling of confidence when
working with a variety of mathematical problems.
We want to give special thanks to the reviewers of this text. Your sincere evaluation and cri-
tique played an integral part in the revision of this edition, and your attention to detail was most
helpful.
We would also like to acknowledge Danielle Frazier and Yvonne Alexopoulos for their help
and support during the writing of this tenth edition. Danielle supplied answers to many questions,
pushed to meet deadlines, and offered her services as needed. She also remained calm and offered
guidance during the entire revision process. Yvonne has been diligent in providing clarity on the
needs of students, faculty, and hospitals as the scope and use of the book continue to grow.

Thank you all so much!

Sheila J. Ogden

Linda K. Fluharty

Copyright © 2016 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. ix

This page intentionally left blank
 PREFACE TO INSTRUCTORS

This work text is designed for students in professional and vocational schools of nursing and for
nurses returning to practice after being away from the clinical setting. It can be used in the class-
room or for individual study. The work text contains an extensive review of basic mathematics to
assist students who have not mastered the subject in previous educational experiences. It can also
be used by those who have not attended school for a number of years and feel a lack of confi-
dence in the area of mathematics computations.

ORGANIZATION OF MATERIAL
A pretest precedes each chapter in Parts One and Two and may be used for evaluating present
skills. For those students who are comfortable with basic mathematics, a quick assessment of each
area will confirm their competency in the subject matter.
Part Two begins with the use of the metric system, which is predominant in the medical field.
The apothecary system continues to decline in use to the point of being almost extinct. However,
in remembering that differences in practice exist throughout the United States and the world, it
was felt that some of that content should remain in the book. Therefore it has been placed in the
Appendix for reference. A new Chapter 7 has been added with the emphasis on calculations used
in patient assessments.
Part Three helps students prepare for the actual calculation of drug dosages. The new
Chapter 8 has combined material from all previous chapters and discusses various points con-
cerning patient safety as it relates to medication administration. This chapter also includes safety
issues for the nurse in the dispensing of medication. The case scenarios really emphasize the
importance of delivering the correct medication to the patient as ordered. Chapter 9 provides an
emphasis on the interpretation of the physician’s orders, and Chapter 10 explains how to read
medication labels.
Part Four has been renamed the Calculation of Drug Dosages. As students begin their clinical
experiences, they start with basic medical surgical patients. Therefore the content moves from
oral to parenteral, units, reconstitution and, finally, intravenous flow rates. Beginning in Part Four,
we have added substantial content on dimensional analysis as a method for solving problems of
drug calculations. This method has become the preferred method of use by numerous schools of
nursing.
However, many schools are remaining with the ratio/proportion or formula methods. Exam-
ples of each type of calculation are now shown first with dimensional analysis followed by the
proportion and formula methods. The division of the three methods will allow instructors to
target the area of study they prefer for their students and/or schools.
The actual drug labels have been updated and increased in number in all chapters that discuss
the calculation of drug dosages. Also in Part Four, we have separated and expanded the content
for dosages measured in units (Chapter 13) and the reconstitution of medications (Chapter 14).
These are two separate concepts and are sometimes difficult for students to understand. This sep-
aration allows for extended practice and attention to each chapter’s content.
More medications are being delivered to patients via the intravenous route, not only in inten-
sive care units, but in progressive care and medical surgical areas as well. Therefore, in addition
to Chapter 15, Intravenous Flow Rates, a new Chapter 16, Intravenous Flow Rates for Dosages
Measured in Units, has been added. Chapter 17 remains focused on Critical Care Intravenous
Flow Rates. Chapter 18, Pediatric Dosages, continues to include oral, parenteral, and intravenous
flow rate problems. Chapter 19, Obstetric Dosages, remains to address the calculation in regards
to obstetric patients.
The majority of the calculation problems relating to drug dosages continue to represent actual
physicians’ orders in various health care settings.

Copyright © 2016 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. xi

xii Preface to Instructors

FEATURES IN THE TENTH EDITION

• Learning objectives are listed at the beginning of each chapter so students will know the goals
that must be achieved.
• Chapter work sheets provide the opportunity to practice solving realistic problems.
• Almost every chapter contains two posttests designed to evaluate the student’s learning.
• A comprehensive posttest at the end of the book will help students assess their total
understanding of the process of calculation of drug dosages.
• A glossary is included to define important terms.
• Numerous full-color drug labels continue to provide a more realistic representation of
medication administration.
• NEW! Chapter 13, Dosages Measured in Units, and Chapter 14, Reconstitution of
Medications, have been divided into two separate chapters.

ANCILLARIES
Evolve resources for instructors and students can be found online at http://evolve.elsevier.com/
Ogden/calculation/
The instructor resources are designed to help instructors present the material in this text and
include the following:
• Drug Label glossary
• TEACH Lesson Plan
• TEACH Lecture Outlines
• TEACH PowerPoint Slides
• Test Bank

NEW VERSION! Drug Calculations Comprehensive Test Bank, version 4. This generic test-
bank contains over 700 questions on general mathematics, converting within the same system of
measurements, converting between different systems of measurement, oral dosages, parenteral
dosages, flow rates, pediatric dosages, IV calculations, and more.
Student Resources provide students with additional tools for learning and include the
following:
• Student Practice Problems and Learning Activities
• Flash Cards

NEW VERSION! Drug Calculations Companion, version 5. This is a completely updated,

interactive student tutorial that includes an extensive menu of various topic areas within drug
calculations, such as oral, parenteral, pediatric, and intravenous calculations. it contains over
600 practice problems covering ratio and proportion, formula, and dimensional analysis methods.

Copyright © 2016 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

 PREFACE TO STUDENTS

DESCRIPTION AND FEATURES

Calculation of Drug Dosages is an innovative drug calculation work text designed to provide you
with a systematic review of mathematics and a simplified method of calculating drug dosages. It
affords you the opportunity to move at a comfortable pace to ensure success. It includes informa-
tion on the dimensional analysis, ratio and proportion, and formula methods of drug calculation,
as well as numerous practice problems. Take a look at the following features so that you may
familiarize yourself with this text and maximize its value.

CHAPTER 3
Percents

Pretests evaluate your present skills in utilizing

__
_______________
_______________

PRETEST
NAME _____ ___
_______________
_______________
DATE _____ 38___
sCOre _____
ACCeptABLe
YOUr sCOre
________

of 38 out of 40
indicates an accep
table under-
may skip to
mathematics, units, and measurements.
nts Pretest. A score lations involving percents. You
Complete the Perce basic calcu letion of Chapter
3,
competency in 37 or below, comp
standing of and ver, if you score dosages.
s Prete st on p. 71. Howe succe ss in the calculation of drug
the Ratio continued
nts, will be helpful for your
Perce
to percents.
wing fractions ____________
Change the follo 3. 1 ⁄8 ________
DireC tiOns: ____________
___________
2. 5 ⁄7 ________
1. 1 ⁄60 ________

____ ________
___________
5. 4 ⁄3 ________
____
4. 3 ⁄10 ____

to percents.
wing decimals _________
Change the follo 8. 0.427 ____
____
DireC tiOns: ____ __________
_________ 7. 0.35 ____
____
6. 0.006 ____

____ ___________
____ _________ 10. 0.7 ____
9. 3.821 ____

ions.
to proper fract
wing percents _________
Change the follo 13. 91 ⁄2% ____
____
DireC tiOns: ____ _________
________ _____ 12. 75% ____
11. 0.5% ____

____ __________
15. 3 ⁄8% ____
14. 24.8%
____ ____________ Chapter 8

wing perce nts to decimals. ___

Change the follo ____________
DireC tiOns: ____ _________ 18. 133 ⁄10%

16. 11 ⁄6% ____

____ _________ 17. 7.5% ____
Safety in Med
ication
Administratio
pretest
53
n
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Copyright © 2016 by Mosby,
LEARNING OBJE
CTIVES 1 explain the fund
Upon completion amental need
of the materials 2 Describe the impa for patient safet
provided in this y programs
chapter, ct of medical error
you will be able 3 Describe strat
egies
s on patient outco
mes
to:
medication admi to maintain patient and staff
nistration safety during
4 Identify the spec
ial problems and
population relat issues of the elder
ed to medicatio ly
n administration
The concept of
safety in healt
Both groups are h care is applic
susceptible to injury able to both patie
the likelihood that unless measures nt populations
are taken that and health care
a medical error maximize preve workers.
personal safety or injury will occur ntion while minim
. . The following izing
sections relate
to both patient
and

PATIENT SAF
Patient safety
ETY
has never been
organization’s more important
ability to attra . It is linked direc
petitive, and to ct patients, to tly to a health
meet the requi fund care
Addi rements for accre services that are market com-
which are of inter tionally, it is important in ditation by regul
est to third-part the delivery of atory agencies.
quality. These
parties include y paye rs for reimbursem high-quality patient care outco
icaid Services the ent mes,
(CMS), the Joint federal government throu and to external agencies moni
All these agen gh the Centers
cies require reporCommission, the Leapfrog for Medicare toring
& Med-
The risk assoc ting of significan Group, and some
state governme
in the monitorin iated with delivery of healt t or sentinel events that resul nts.
g h services to patie t in patient harm
its ability to deliv of safety. Health care as an

Learning Objectives highlight key content and industry is consi nts creates a sense of urgen .
related to medi er safe patient care. In this cy
cations and proce people-to-peop dered at high risk in regard
manufacturing dures is great le business, the to
indus er likeli
care culture today try. This is believed to be than the likelihood of a prod hood of errors

goals that must be achieved.

, such as due to many facto uct error in the
rs that are prese
nt in the healt
• The fast-paced h
• Advanced technenvir onment in whic
ologies that requi h patient care activities
• Possible decreases in staffing in
re more atten
tion
occur
• A sicker and older critical positions, and skills
• Declining financial patient population such as nursing
and pharmacy
resources

n Content in
this chapter was writte
n by ruth anne
Burris, MBa, rN,
152 for previous edition
s of this text.

Copyright © 2016 by Mosby,

an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2016 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. xiii

xiv Preface to Students

168 PART 3 Prepa

ration for Calculation of
Drug Dosages
Alerts highlight potential and common drug calculation
RATION
THE SIX RIGHT
S OF MEDICATI
ON ADMINIST
nsible for ensur
is legally respo
ns are correctly
administered,
ing that medicatiobe diligently checked.
listed in Box 9-1
must
errors.
Because the nurse administration
of medication
the six rights RATION
ION ADMINIST
TS OF MEDICAT
BOX 9-1 SIX RIGH 4. Route
1. Drug 5. Time
2. Dose 6. Documentation
3. Patient of medications,
administration
preparation and
checked in the e. times:
rights are not legally responsibl order should be checked three
Anytime these h the nurse is
occur for whic tion, the
an error may ns are prepa red for administra
When medicatio drawer or shelf
from the
cine is taken
1. As the medi or opened
cine is prepared thrown out all calculation
s
2. As the medi or . It is critical that ving frac-
cine is replaced ed three times
3. As the medi should be check rtant to check calculations
invol
used, the label impo in medications
(e.g.,
If unit doses are check ed. It is especially s. In some institutions certa red to the
be done accur
ately and lator cine is administe
als. Man y nurses use calcuanother nurse before the medi
tions and decim in) are to be checked by ALWAYS
devices. or her name and
heparin and insul the appropriate measuring the patient his
patient. Alwa
ys use n, ALWAYS ask
ring the medicatioand and birth date.
When administe ion armb
nt’s identificat
check the patie

ALE RT .
or her name birth date.
the patient his armband and
ALWAYS ask identification
the patient’s must be
ALWAYS check s. However, they h
by various route r assume the route by whic
be administered
be ordered to ician’s order. Neve order, the physician must
Medications can the route included in the phys in the
only by been included be written also.
administered given . If the route has not clarif ying order needs to With all med-
n is to be sted. The een doses .
the medicatio to clarif y the route reque day and the interval betw medi catio n should
asked th the time of to whether the
be notified and important—bo are required as
Timing is very t by the nurse
ent and assessmen
ications, judgm eld.
be given or withh
ord (MA R) docu- CHAPTER 11
Remember that
inistration Rec important for legal purposes. of nt, Oral Dosages
Medication Adm drug, dose, patie

ment ation of
has become more
Documentation cations administered must
medi
It is also neces
and more

sary to docu
include the five
ment whether a medi
erning the full
components

document ation
nt’s MAR) varie
withheld or
cation has been cations. The
of medi
s in format
WORK SHEET
route, and time. ty has its own policy conc y called the patie that all docu -
refused. Each
facili record (commonl n. It is mandatory DIRECTIONS: The
n administration contains the same informatio from a computer. oral doses. Show medication order is listed
official medicatio er but ed out s to the at the beginning
ution to anoth black ink or print cribe the physician’s order indicate the corre your work. Shade each medi of
from one instit le, and it is written in s trans fic. The MAR ct dose. cine cup or oral each problem. Calculate the
legib nurse ty speci syringe when
mentation be s, personnel other
than are facili
s in use, and they to verify the transcription provided to
In most institution are many different MAR red ion
1. The physician
order
. (There Nurses are requi the transcript How many capsu s Minipress 2 mg po two
patient’s MAR book is only one example.) form indicating
initials on the les will the nurse times a day for
illustrated in this to place their
MAR. Notice
administer per Mr. Shaw’s high
ician’s order and B, a patient’s
dose? _______ blood pressure.
against the phys . ’s order and, medication
was correctly
comp leted a physician nt’s name, the
repre sents examples of, A, the MAR include the patie n schedule.
Figure 9-1 tions for medicatio
te drug interpreta n route, and the
that the appropria drug dosage, the medicatio Copyright © 2016 by Mosby,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
the
name, the date,

2. Mrs. Taylor
has a long histo
ordered. How ry of seizures.
many milliliters Elixir of phen
will the nurse obarbital 30 mg
administer per po q 12 h is
dose? _______
NDC 0002-2
438-05
16 fl oz (1
pt) (473 mL)

Work Sheets provide you with the opportunity to ELIXIR No.

227
PHEN OBA RBITAL
practice solving realistic problems. ELIX IR, USP
Contains 20 mg

WARNING—May
Phenobarbital
per 5 mL
be habit forming.
Contains Alcohol
14 Percent
CAUTIO N—Fed
eral (U.S.A. )
prohibi ts dispens law
ing without
prescrip tion.

3. The physician
orders Crystodig
two times a day. in
You have Crys 0.2 mg po two times a day
give for each todigin 0.05-mg for 4
dose
thereafter? ____ the first 4 days? _______ tablets available. days, then 0.15 mg po
___ How many table How many table
ts will you give ts will you
for each dose

CHAPTER 11 Copyright © 2016 by Mosby,

an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Oral Dosages
__
_______________
_______________

POSTTEST 1
WORK SHEET
NAME _____ __ 201
_______________
_______________
DATE _____ 24___
PTAB LE SCORE _____
ACCE
________
YOUR SCORE
Calculate the
of each problem.
at the beginning provided to
n order is listed cine cup or oral syringe when
The medicatio e each medi
DIREC TIONS:
your work. Shad
oral doses. Show ct dose. had a mitral valve
indicate the corre a patie nt who
times a day for
975 mg po four _______
orders aspirin nister per dose?
1. The physicianmany tablets will the nurse admi
repair. How

l infection. How
a gastrointestina
times a day for
e 0.5 g po four
ves tetracyclin dose? _______
2. Mr. Clay recei will the nurse administer per
many capsules

Posttests are designed to assess your learning and

identify your strengths and weaknesses.
225
POST TEST 1

an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2016 by Mosby,

NEW VERSION! Drug Calculations Companion, version 5. This is a completely updated,

interactive student tutorial that includes an extensive menu of various topic areas within drug
calculations, such as oral, parenteral, pediatric, and intravenous calculations. it contains over 600
practice problems covering ratio and proportion, formula, and dimensional analysis methods.

Look for this icon at the end of the chapters. It will refer to Drug Calculations
Companion, version 5 for additional practice problems and content information.

Copyright © 2016 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

 USING THIS WORK TEXT

A pretest precedes each chapter in Parts One and Two to assess previous learning. If your grade
on the pretest is acceptable (an acceptable score is noted at the top of the test), you may continue
to the next pretest. If your score on the pretest indicates a need for further study, read the intro-
duction to the chapter, study the method of solving the problems, and complete the work sheet. If
you have difficulty with a problem, refer to the examples in the introduction.
On completion of the work sheet, refer to the answer key at the end of each chapter to verify
that your answers are correct. Rework all the incorrect problems to find your errors. It may be
necessary to refer again to the examples in each chapter. Then proceed to the first posttest and
grade the test. if your grade is acceptable, as indicated at the top of the test, continue to the next
chapter. If your grade is less than acceptable, rework all incorrect problems to find your errors.
Review as necessary before completing the second posttest. Again, verify that your answers are
correct. At this point, if you have followed the system of study, your grade on the second posttest
should be more than acceptable. Follow the same system of study in each of the chapters.
When all the chapters in the work text are completed with acceptable scores (between 95%
and 100%), you should be proficient in solving problems relating to drug dosages; more impor-
tant, you will have completed the first step toward becoming a safe practitioner of medication
administration.
On completion of the material provided in this work text, you will have mastered the fol-
lowing mathematical concepts for use in the accurate performance of computations:
1. Solving problems using fractions, decimals, percents, ratios, proportions, and dimensional
analysis
2. Solving problems involving the apothecary, metric, and household systems of measurements
3. Solving problems measured in units and milliequivalents
4. Solving problems related to oral and parenteral dosages
5. Solving problems involving intravenous flow rates and critical care intravenous flow rates
6. Solving problems confirming the correct dosage of pediatric medications
7. Solving problems confirming the correct dosages of OB medications
8. Solving problems by using the or dimensional analysis, ratio and proportion, and formula
methods.
You are now ready to begin Chapter 1!

Copyright © 2016 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. xv

This page intentionally left blank
 CONTENTS

PART ONE
Review of Mathematics
REVIEW OF MATHEMATICS PRETEST, 3
CHAPTER 1 Fractions, 7
CHAPTER 2 Decimals, 31
CHAPTER 3 Percents, 53
CHAPTER 4 Ratios, 71
CHAPTER 5 Proportions, 87
REVIEW OF MATHEMATICS POSTTEST, 101

PART TWO
Units and Measurements for the Calculation of Drug Dosages
CHAPTER 6 Metric and Household Measurements, 109
CHAPTER 7 Calculations Used in Patient Assessments, 133

PART THREE
Preparation for Calculation of Drug Dosages
CHAPTER 8 Safety in Medication Administration, 152
CHAPTER 9 Interpretation of the Physician’s Orders, 165
CHAPTER 10 Reading Medication Labels, 175

PART FOUR
Calculation of Drug Dosages
CHAPTER 11 Oral Dosages, 186
CHAPTER 12 Parenteral Dosages, 269
CHAPTER 13 Dosages Measured in Units, 356
CHAPTER 14 Reconstitution of Medications, 394
CHAPTER 15 Intravenous Flow Rates, 421

Copyright © 2016 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. xvii

xviii CONTENTS

CHAPTER 16 Intravenous Flow Rates for Dosages Measured in Units, 459

CHAPTER 17 Critical Care Intravenous Flow Rates, 479
CHAPTER 18 Pediatric Dosages, 503
CHAPTER 19 Obstetric Dosages, 549

Comprehensive Posttest, 571

Glossary, 593

Appendix A Apothecary System of Measure, 594

Copyright © 2016 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

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