Lecture 2 of 5

1.0 INTEGRATION
1.3 Techniques of Integration
LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the lesson, students

should be able to
a) find the integral by using substitution
method.

b) perform integration by parts.

a) Find the integral by using substitution method

Used to compute integrals of the form

 f ( g ( x)) g ( x) dx .
Let u  g (x)
du
 g (x)
dx
du  g ( x) dx

then  f ( g ( x)) g ( x) dx   f (u ) du

*Use integration by substitution if the function

have u and du together.
Example 1
Find  (8 x  3)( 4 x 2  3 x ) 7 dx .

Solution
Let u  4 x 2
 3x
du
 8x  3
dx
du  (8 x  3) dx

 (8 x  3)( 4 x 2  3 x ) 7 dx   u 7 du
u8
 c
8
1
 (4 x 2  3 x)8  c
8
Example 2
 (6 x  5)e
3 x 2 5 x
Find dx .

Solution
Let u  3 x 2
 5x
du
 6x  5
dx
du  (6 x  5) dx

 (6 x  5)e 3 x 2 5 x
dx   e u du
 eu  c
3 x 2 5 x
e c
Example 3
ln x
Find  dx .
x
Solution
Let u  ln x
du 1

dx x
1
du  dx
x
ln x
 dx   u du
x
u2
 c
2
1
 (ln x ) 2  c
2
Example 4
Find  4 x 3 cos x 4 dx .

Solution
Let u  x 4
du
 4x 3
dx
du  4 x 3 dx

 4 x 3 cos x 4 dx   cos u du
 sin u  c

 sin x 4  c
Example 5
Find  sin 4 x cos x dx .

Solution
Let u  sin x
du
 cos x
dx
du  cos x dx

 sin 4 x cos x dx   u 4 du
u5
 c
5
1 5
 sin x  c
5
b) Perform integration by parts

Formula for integration by parts is

 u dv  uv   v du
Three steps to perform integration by parts
1) Identify u and dv .

2) Find du and v .
3) Substitute into formula and solve it.
Technique of integration by part
Choose u by using LoPET

1) Lo : logarithm
2) P : polynomial ( x , x 2 , x 3 )

3) E : exponential
4) T : trigonometry
Example 6

Find  xe x dx

Solution
ux dv  e x dx
 u dv  uv   v du
du
1 v   e x dx LoPET
dx
du  dx  ex x ex

 xe x dx  (x) (e x )   (e x ) ( dx )
 xe x   e x dx
 xe x  e x  c
Example 7

Find  x cos x dx

Solution
ux dv  cos x dx
 u dv  uv   v du
du
dx
1 v  cos x dx LoPET
 sin x x cos x
du  dx

 x cos x dx  (x) (sin x)   (sin x) ( dx )

 x sin x   sin x dx
 x sin x  ( cos x)  c
 x sin x  cos x  c
Example 8
Find  x ln x dx
Solution
u  ln x dv  x dx  u dv  uv   v du
du 1 v   x dx LoPET

dx x x
x2 ln x
1 
du  dx 2
x
 x2   x2  1 
 x ln x dx  (ln x) 
 2
  


 2
  dx 
 x 
x2 x
 ln x   dx
2 2
 x2 1
 x ln x dx 
2
ln x   x dx
2
x2 1  x2 
 ln x     c
2 2 2 

x2 x2
 ln x  c
2 4