LECTURE 5 OF 5

1.0 INTEGRATION
SUBTOPIC : 1.4 Definite Integrals
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, students
should be able to

d) determine the volume of a solid of revolution

bounded by:
i) a curve and the x or y axis
ii) two curves
iii) a line and a curve.
d i) Determine the volume of a solid of revolution
bounded by a curve and the x axis or y axis

In this section we use integration to calculate

the volumes of solids.

Consider the solids of revolution in the

following figures, which are formed by
revolving certain regions about an axis.
Revolve about x-axis Revolve about y-axis
Revolve about the x–axis

The volume of the solid generated by revolving the

region about the x-axis between the graph of a
continuous function y = f(x) and the x-axis from
x = a to x = b is
y
y = f(x)
b
Volume    y 2 dx
a

x=a x=b x
Revolve about the y–axis

The volume of the solid generated by revolving

the region about the y-axis between the
graph of a continuous function x= g(y) and
the y-axis from y = c to y = d is
y

d y=d
Volume    x dy2
c x = g(y)
y=c
x
Example 1
Find the volume of the solid generated when
the region bounded by the curve y  x 2
,
the lines x  1 , x  2 and x-axis is rotated
about the x-axis.
Solution b
Volume    y 2 dx
y y  x2
a

2
Volume    ( x 2 ) 2 dx
1
2
  x 4 dx
x 1
0 1 2 2
x  5
  
 5 1
 (2) 5 (1) 5 
   
 5 5 
31
  unit 3
5
Example 2
Find the volume of the solid generated when
the region bounded by the curve x  y 2 ,
the lines y  0 , y  2 and y-axis is rotated
about the y-axis.
Solution d
Volume    x 2 dy
c
y
x y 2 2
Volume    ( y 2 ) 2 dy
2 0

2
   y 4 dy
0 x 0

2
y  5
 
 5 0
 (2)5 (0)3 
  
 5 5 
32
  unit 3
5
d ii) Determine the volume of a solid of
revolution bounded by two curves

Revolve about the x-axis

Suppose that y1 = f(x) and y2 = g(x) are

nonnegative continuous function such that,
f(x) ≥ g(x) for a ≤ x ≤ b and let R be the
region enclosed between these functions
and the lines x = a and x = b.
The volume of the solid generated by
revolving R about x-axis is
b
Volume    ( y12  y22 ) dx
a

y y1 = f(x)
R
y2 = g(x)

a b x
Revolve about the y-axis

Suppose that x1 = f(y) and x2 = g(y) are

nonnegative continuous function such that,
f(y) ≥ g(y) for c ≤ y ≤ d and let R be the
region enclosed between these functions
and the lines y = c and y = d.
The volume of the solid generated by
revolving R about y-axis is

d
Volume    ( x12  x22 ) dy
c

y
d
x1=f(y)
x2=g(y) R

c
x
Example 3
Find the volume of the solid generated when the
region bounded by the curves y  x 2
and
y  x is rotated about the x-axis.
Solution
y y  x2 (1)
yx 2

y x (2)
y x (1)  (2) :

x x2  x
0 1
( x 2 )2  ( x )2
x4  x
x4  x  0
x( x3  1)  0
x  0 or x3  1
x 1
 b
Volume    ( y12  y22 ) dx
a

1
Volume    ( x ) 2  ( x 2 ) 2 dx
0
1
   x  x 4 dx
0
1
x x  2 5
  
 2 5 0
 (1) 2 (1)5   (0) 2 (0)5 
        
 2 5   2 5 
3
  unit3
10
Example 4
Find the volume of the solid generated when the region
4
bounded by the curves y  x and yx
is rotated about the y-axis.
Solution
y
y  x4
yx

x
Find points of intersections

y  x 4 ………(1), y  x ………..(2)

(1)  ( 2) : x4  x
x4  x  0
x( x 3  1)  0
x0 or x3  1
x 1

When x = 0  y = 0, when x =1 y =1

 1
b 1
Volume    ( x12  x 22 ) dy  Volume    ( y 4 )2  ( y ) 2 dy
a 0

1
1
 y2  y 2 dy
0

1
 3 
3y 2 x3 
  
 2 3
 0

 3   3 
 3(1) 2 (1) 3   (0) 2 (0) 3 
      
 2 3   2
 
3 

   
1
  unit 3
3
d iii) Determine the volume of a solid of
revolution bounded by a line and a curve
Example 5
Find the volume of the solid generated when the
region bounded by the curve x  y 2 and the line
y  2  x is rotated about the y-axis.
Solution
y x  y2 (1)
x  y2 y  x  2 ( 2)
1 Substitute (1) into (2)
x y   y2  2
0
y  2 x
2 y2  y  2  0
( y  2)( y  1)  0
y  2 or y  1

For y  2  x
x  2 y
 d
Volume    ( x12  x22 ) dy
c

1
Volume    (2  y) 2  ( y 2 ) 2 dy
2
1
 4  4 y  y 2  y 4 dy
2
1
 y y  3 5
  4 y  2 y   
2

 3 5  2
 (1)3
(1)5
  (2)3
(2)5

   4(1)  2(1)     4(2)  2(2) 
2 2
 
 3 5   3 5 

72
  unit 3
5