4fhS rl ” 1 © Given: a? + Ty = 7 and a #0, find : . us fl 1 ii) o? - -t @at a da-s ii) a? - 75- = ate tyra74229 => Ans. a 1 = a+ -2=7-255 => Ans. a 1 1 = a+ 2) @~ 2) = 43) x 45) = + V5 Ans. Remember = ( @) x (+ B) = (+ a) x (+ B) or ~ a) x (+B) oF (+ a) x (b) or a) x (- b) =+abor-ab or -ab or +ab =+ab (4a) x (4b) =+ab Ans. 1 a 1 © ifa?-sa+1=0anda0, find: (j) a+ — Gi) @+ =. a a Solution = ' @ a?-Sa+1=0 2 @ Sal ig [Dividing cach term by a aaa 1 1 => a-5+— =0 => at+—=5 Ans. a a 1 1)\2 (ii) a+ = lat) 2552-2=25-2=23 Ans. @ a EXERCISE 4 (A) H. Multiple Choice Type : Choose the correct answer from the options (©) x4 + =2, the value of 2+ 4 45 given below. . xo x (@) Forx=9 and y =4, the value of is: P+ dyt+y is: @ -1 qj 2 @ 172 Gi) 100 Gi) 9 y7 (ip. 166 (iv) 169 1 (b) For x=5 and y = 3, the value of (@) Wex- — =8, the value of 2 + P+ y— dy + Tis: @ 56 (i)58 Wl Gi) 169 ii) 70 (iv) 4 Gi) 71 (iv) 1fo) ets Eno. tme value of te +s ‘ is: 78 (ii) 86 Gi) 84 div) BE a (OD Ifat = av + 1 = 0, the value of i ve atlis A ay di) 10 10 )S iv) > % a tiv) 9 (g) hat + = = 5, the value of x ~ 10. o Wrey3 Gi) 7 (iv) £7 ie (h) Ifa +b =8, ab = 15 and a> b, the value of a? - bis: (i) 64 (ii) -16 (iy +16 (iv) 225 12. (, If 2 2x +1 = 0, the value of 2+ is: 7 13. a4 we (iii) 1 (iv) 3 2. Find the square of : ia @) w+b (ii) 3a + 7b (ii) 3a- 4b ww 4-2 2b 3a 3. Use identities to evaluate : . @ (101)? (ii) (602)? 1s. (ii) (97 Gv) (998)? 16, (97)? = (100 - 3)? = (100)? — 2 (100) (3) + (3)? Ay Evaluate = |. fat . Ifa - 2). lt @ 2 (ii) (Ga + 3b? = ind aby = 10% fl Matb=7m nann Teper e cle 7 Wety= (i) x-¥ ra-b=09 and (arb Ifa-b=4andat (a+? ady* § find: Gi)? - ; find ab = 036; find + Gi e- 9 bp = 6; find : Gi) ab 1 6 and a #0; find = a ue We - @a-G | 2g and a #0; find = a 1 ‘e wate wa- Ifa? 3a +1 =0 and a # 0; find : Gi) a + a 1 @ at+— a . If a? — Sa - 1 = 0 and a # 0; find : 5 iya+t @a-s Wat 7 1 re De-— If 3x + 4y = 16 and xy = 4; find 9x2 + 16,2. » boarded . The number x is 2 more than the number J. If the sum of the squares of : the product of x and y, * and y is 34, findEXPANSIONS OF (a + 5)3 (a+by 84 302 b+ Bab? + 53 PO 4 Sab (a+b) = a4 3 = (a +b) - Sab (a+b) 3a? b + 3ab? — p' pe Bee oe @ (@4b)3 @ + 3a? b + 3ab? 4 3 () a+ = (a+b) 5 3ab (a+b) (a-b ! 1 @+7y = O45 +3044) a 1 1 = @+R = (a@+~-3@44) a a 1 1 1 —-yp 2g-+_ @-7Y = @-5-3@-2) 1 1 1 3. = --p = ae @ ra 3@-7) 6 Evaluate : (i) (2a + 3b)? (ii) (4a - 56). lution i (2a + 3b)3 = (2a)? + 3 (2a)? (3b) + 3 (2a) (3b)? + (36)? = 8a) +36 a? b + 54 ab? + 276° Ans. (4a — $6)3 5 (4a)? ~ 3 (Aa? (Sb) + 3 (4a) (5b)? — (Sb? < = 64a3 — 24002 + 300 ab? - 125 5° Ans. 1 1 | Ifa* = 23 and a #0, find the value of a + 75 @ a 4 1 23 => at + > +2 = 2342 e @ 1 4 @tyas = at tess When a+ 1 = When a = -5+ y 1 1 1 3 = -yp- - a+ dy = + {P-3@+ 9) (53-3 x-5 -125415=-110 Ans, = 6)3-3%5 | 1 1! =(a+-P-3@+-) | a ay | = 110 |_ rr |. Multiple Choice Type : Choose the correct answer from the options given below: 1 (a) Wad = 204 1 = 0; the value of x44 <> is x equal to we (ii) 7 Gi) 3 (iy) 2 (b) Ifa=S,b=-2ande=-3,0+b 403 is equal to : (i) -90 (ii) 90 (iii) 60 (i) -60 Gi) 2 (iv) 8 (If x + 3y + 22 = 0, the value of 2+ 279 + 82 is : (i) 9x2 Gi) 6xyz (iii), 18xyz (iv) xyz 2. Find the cube of : (i) 3a - 2b (i) Sa + 3b 1 mn i Gi) 2a + + (a #0) (iv) 3a-— (@ #0) 2a a 1 3. Ifa? + — = 47 and a #0; find : . a 4) ood ‘Noi Oars Gia +a 4 pa+ + = 18 and a0; find : a 1 wa-t Gy B-S a @ 5.1fa+ + =p anda +0; then show that : a 1 p42. io +B Pe -3) 6} Ifa + 2b = 5; then show that : @ + 8b + 30ab = 125. @ Ifa + 2b + ¢ = 0; then show that > a’ + Bb" +c! = babe. 9. Use property to evaluate : (i) 13° + (8) + (5) (i) B+ 39 + (10) (ii) - 5 - 4 (ivy 389 + (26) + (-12)° 10. Wav0anda- + = 3; find : a 1 @ a+ @ (ii) @ - 2 Il. Ifa #0 anda- — =4; find: a 1 1 @ eet Gi) at + a Gi) & - 1 12. If x # 0 and x + Fea Se 1 a Pea ae ext ~ If 2x - 3y = 10 and xy = 16; find the value of 8x3 — 27y3, 14. Expand: “s (i) Gx + 5y +22) Gr-5y +22 Gi) Gx 5) 22) (ax — Sy + 22) 15. The sum of two numbers is 9 and their product is 20. Find the sum of their : (@ squares (i) cubes. 16. Two positive numbers x and y are such that x > y. If the difference of these numbers is 5 and their product is 24, find : (i) sum of these numbers. (ii) difference of their cubes. (iii) sum of their cubes. 17. If 4x? + y? = a and xy = b, find the value of x+y.4.4] EXPANSION OF (x £4) b) (ra peat tart bx tab 24 (a tb) xt ab Lo (et) rt SEP + B+ 54 3x5 lL wea) axt+ Bx +15 | | | | 2 (+3) (4-5) 2 + 3-543. x-5 | ex-2x- 15 | | | | | 3% @-a etd) x2 - ax + bx - ab 3, (e- 3) 45) = - GB -S-3x5 x2-(a-b)x-ab axt+2x-15 4 ea bee-ar-betab | 4 (= 3) (x= SH - BFS) F3x5 = x2-8x 415 ) =xt-(@+b)x+ab [as] EXPANSION OF (@ +5 # of (@ebscPe etre 2ab + 2be + 2ca Lo Geb cha a+ P+ c+ 2ab + 2be + 2a =a + bb + 2 + ab + be + ca) 2 (a+b-oP= +b + 2 + 2ab - 2be — 2ca = a2 + B+ c2 + 2ab - be - ca) 3. (a—b +0 = a2 + B+ 0 — 2ab Dbe + 2ea =a +b 42 - Uab + be - ca) 4 (a—b— 0 = a + B+ C2 — 2ab + Dbe - dea = a2 + BP +2 — Aah — be + ca) = |¢ Expand : ’ . ( Qe+3y— 4% Grp 29 + S0P ‘Gii) (4a ~ 5b 2c Solution : @ (a+ b— 0 = a + B+ A 2ab — 2be - ea => (2x 4 3y ~ 4a)? = (2a)? + By)h + Ae)? + 2 x De x By — 2 x By x dz — 2 x dz xe = 4x2 + 9y? 4462? + 12xy - 2dyz - 16x = 4x? + 9y? $1622 + 4@xy - 6yz - dex) Ans. Gi) (ab 4 of =a + B+ ch - Dab — Dbe + 2ca => (Gx —2y + Se? = Go)? + Oy + Sel? + 2x Sx x 2y —2 x Dy x Se #2 x Sex = 9x2 + dy? 4 2522 - Ldxy — 20yz + 30zx 7 = 9x? + dy? 252? — 2Gxy + 10yz ~ 15ex) Am ii) (a-b-c)* = a2 + b2 + @ - 2ab + 2be - dca => (Aa — Sb — 2c)? = (4a)? + (SHY + (2c)? - 2 x 4a x Sb +2 x Sb x 2c - 2x 2c x 4a = 16a? + 25H + 4c2 - 40ab + 20be - 16ca = 16a? + 2882 + 4e2 — 4(100b — She + 4ea) Ans.i 2 () Wat + 6? += 29 anda+b+c=9, find :ab+ be (ii) hatb-c=4 anda? +62 402 = 38; find: ab —B + ca. di) a-b-c=3anda?+ B42 71: find : ab ae ; find : ab — a (° | Solution : (i Since, (a+b + cP = a? +b? + c2 +2 (ab + be + ca) (9)? = 29 +2 (ab + be + ca) = — 29 = 2 (ab + bc + ca) ab +berca = = = ca 2 26 Ans. a3 -c(= | (i) (a+ b—c) = at +P 4(-c2) +2 [axb+bx +x a j = a + b? + c2 + 2Aab — be - ca) > 42 = 38 +2 (ab - be - ca) i 16 — 38 = 2 (ab-be-ca) ie. -22 = 2(ab — be - ca) ab - be -ca = -11 Ans. Gi (a-b-cP a2 + (by + (2) +2 [a x Ch) + CB) x) +O) X 4] = a2 +B + 2 + cab + be - ca) | = 32 = 77-2 (ab — be + ca) | os 2 (ab - be + ca) = 77-9 = 88 | ab—be+ca= B= 34 . a 1. Multiple Choice Type + Choose the correct answer given below. (a) The expansion of (x - By) (x + Sy) is: ( x2 + Day + 15° 1 . = is equal to: G (2 +) equal to (i) orig -2@) e+ from the options 1 az +2 a (iii) args —— -1 Gv) (i 2 + 2 - 15? (iii) 2 - By + 15)? Ar (iv) 2 - By - 15; Fe Z Gi) & +8) @ +10 Gi) @+8)@- 109 Gi) &- 8) +10) GY) & 8) &- 10) (b) 2 - (a+ b)x + ab is @Ax-) &-9 Gi) @-) +O (iii) +b) &-@) (iv) (+a) (x45) (©) Ifa+b-c=4anda @ 2 (iii) 0-5 the expansion of : 24 b+ c2 = 14, the value of ab - be - ais : dip (iv) -05 3. Expand : oe wm (rlord ee 1 re]4. Expand : 6. Wa? + b+ 2 = 35 and ab + be + ca = 95, (i) (xey oP (id) We 2y 42)? finda+b+e bene (iii) (Sa- b+ eP Civ) (Se Ay = 2) Li atb+c =p andal ca = 4 find a? +b? + <2. 8. Ia? +b? + 2 = $0 and ab + be + ca = 47, finda +b +c. S. Matb+e= 12 and a +P + c2 = 50; find 0. iiety—z=4 and x2 +)? +27 = 30, then find the ab + be + ca value of xy — yz ~ 2. USIN EXPANSIONS ® "e+ +P = 3x2 and x + y +z = 0; find the value of : (x+y? G+? ? 5 y+o " (z+ x) x a Solution : G@) xty+z=0 axtyezysz -xandz+x= fee tl ete _ Ge oe xy x wy x r 1 1 ® ira+t =m,a~] =n and a+ 0; find the relation between m and n. Solution : Solution : Gx - 3) +27 = (Sx-3) (2 + 4x44) i = 58 +20: + 201 — 3,2 yg Coefficient of x? = 17 and coefficient of x =8 Constant term = -12 R=S8 4172 4g, 1p Weach of a, b and is a non-zero number and @+b+O@-b+aas hy 4Solution : a & Now, (a+b +0)(a-b +0) = (ate +b) (a¥e —b) (a+ ch- 2 @ + 2ac + 2-52 = at + 2b? 4 2_ 52 “ac = b> =@4h242 t } Hence the required result ® ee i two numbers is 5 and the sum of their cubes is 35; find the sum of Solution : Let the numbers be x and y. Given : x+y =5 and.3 + y =35 Required : x2 + y? Pry =35 > (+yP-3y(x4y) = 35 > 5 -3xy x5 = 35 => — Sxy = 90 and xy = 6 a + y? = (x + y= Day = 52-2x6=B Ans. (24 Gi) 24 Choose the correct answer from the options Gi) -12 (iv) 12 given below. 2. [fx + 2y +32 =0 and (@ a+ t =25anda- 4 =15, the 3844p +923 = 182; evaluate : 1 nt (xt2y)? 2 +32)? , Get x riot (ord) (ont) espe, gael Gees ws (i) 2 3, Ifa+ 4 =m and a 0; find in terms of ‘m’; the Gii) 1 (iv) 85 value of : (b)_ In (3x + 2) (x - 4), the coefficient of x is: @a-g @) e-B @ -14 Gi) 8 In the expansion of (2x? - 8) (x - 4); find Gii) -10 (iv) 3 the value of : (©) @+y-2 (-y +2) is equal to: (@) coefficient of ° (ii) coefficient of 27 @ #-~-2-2% (iii) constant term. (i P--2 + 22 J gasses. Gil) B=»? + 2-22 Birs>oudes 5 36" 28 (iv) 2 - y? + 2? + 2yz @ yr +1) = 5x, find: (@ If Gx - 4y)? = 9x2 + axy + 16y% the @x-4 dy 2-4 value of a is: x x - EIo-13, The sum of two numbers is 7 and the sum of their cubes is 133, find the sum of their squares, 14, In each of the following, find the value of “q° (i) 42 + ax 4 9 = (2e +3)? (ii) 4° + ax +9 = (2x -3P (iii) 9x2 + (Ja - S)x + 25 = (3x + SP and ab = 12; find : @) Xa + bY + 5(a- ay GD Ta - bY - 4a + bY 8. ar~ 4 24 and #0: find : 2783 - s. 3,4 , 9. Ifat+ 55 = 7 and x #0; find the value of al xtlo3t ; find 15. If 3q and x > 1; fine Ieee 3 8. 7 5 . 1 on 1 ae ii) 2- 10. Ifx= and x # 5, find Ox x 16. The difference between two positive numbers is 4 and the difference between their cubes is 316. Find : ( their product. i) the sum of their squares. I Ifx= and x # 5, find : x3 + Sax 12. If 3a + 5b + 4c = 0, show that : 27a} + 12563 + 64c3 = 180 abe. SPECIAL PRODUCTS 1 (+a) +d) +0) = [24 (a+b) x4 ab] (x40) = 34] +) x22 4 aby + ox? + (a+b) x cx + abe = 8+ (a+b +0) 22+ (ab + be + ca) x4 abc 2 (a+b) (a? -ab+b2) = B+ B 3. (@-b) (a? + ab+ 62) = B_ BB 4 (a+ b+) (a? +b? + c2— ab — be — ca) = +43 3abe abt+be¢ca-a?-b?~c? ® If a = 2, b = 3 and c = 4, find the value of : Babe-a? b> ¢? Using suitable identity. ! Solution : 2 pag? @ +b? +0? —ab—be-ca ; ; * Babe Babe {Changing the sign ofeach tem in numerator and denominate} a? +b? +c? ~ab-be-~ca (a+b+0) (a? +b? +c? —ab—be—cay 1 1 atb+e ~ 24344 ~9 Ans. ® Evaluate - 26%96%06-03x03x03 96x06+06x03+03x03'" USiNg suitable ideaxaxa-bxbxb a’-B = (a-b)(a? + ab+b*) axa+axb+bxb a +abtb) = qiaab+h a? +ab+b* = a-b=06-03=03 Ans. | @ ess 2-y- Solution : ety +c2oxy-yw-w = 0 2x2 + 2y2 + 2:2 — Dey — Dye - ex = 0 (2 +? -2wy) + 2 + 2-232) + (24 2-20) = 0 @ ~ x =0; prove that: x=y Solution - On taking 0-6 = a and 0-3 = b, the given expression becomes i | +v- 22 +@-2 = 0 x-y=0,y-z= Oandz-x=0 and z= x VUNG @ 2 =0 = x=0 (ii) 2 +)? =0 = x=Oandy=0. ie. (a- b+ (b-cP =0 = a-b=Oandb-c=0 (iii) x2 +7 +22=0 = x=0,y=0andz=0 ie. (a— by + (b-c) + (c-a)?=0 => a-b=0,b-c=Oandc-a=0 TEST YOURSELF 1. Simplify : 2_y2y3 2_ 423 2 _ x2 (2 y+ 2-2 He 2) () (+6) +4) (X-2) 4. Simplify : 5 c 5 Gi) (x - 6) (x- 4) (+2) (xy) +0-2) +@-2) Git) @- 6) (@-4) (@-2) That b+c=0; we have: (iv) (c+ 6) &- 4) @-2) a+b +03 = 3abe 2. Simplify using following identity = Since, (2 - ) + 2-2) + 2-2) = tbat ab+P=atb = (2- y+ 2-2 + (e- PP =32-Y) YF -2) (P=) (i) e+ 3) AP - Gy + 97) Also, (x-y) + 0-2) +(2-2) 80 7 25 = (x-yP + - D+ 27 | ai) (-2}(o2 oa =3@-y) 0-9-2) : Dividing result I by result Hy we get the (ii) (¢- ») & +2190") Ss 5, Evaluate : 3. Using suitable identity, evaluate : 08x08x08-+05x0SR0S ( (1o4y (i) 7? © 0gx08-08x05+05x05aw Von Moa 1 Movie Via lis RWvsda \ ay \ amy 8 VIN NOVO WO PNT2 O®WOAKOT Svs 10, + 180 2.2. find n3 find 1000, a av) XN x the Q value Th 4 We = 0, state the value of Shaye of 9. Wat b= 11 and a? + b? = 65: find a) + 53, Using (a + b)? = a? + b+ ub, find ab, then apply (a + by’ = a! + bY + Jabla + b) to get a+b 10. If. vy and z are three different numbers, then prove that : Ve yte 2a —yz (lL. Find : (i) (a + b) (a + b) (ii) (a + b) (a + b) (a +b) (iii) (a - ) (a — b) (a — b) by using the result of part (i zr is always positive. EEE EEEExercise 4 (A) . (0) (li) 166 Cb) H) IL (6) Civ) 7 (A) (li) $8 Ce) Cli) 84 (F) (1) B Cg) Ci) + 3th) ili) + 16 Gi Giiy 2 , 2 gh? 2 wd da? + dab +b? (li) 9a? + 42ab + 49b? (iil) 9a? - 24ab + 16b? (iv) s -2+ s 3.) 10,201 a | i 49 1,16,2 2 2 i) 252,004 (it) 9.409 (ivy 9.96,004 4, (i) Bry 16 yp, 2 42, 49y | do 2s oat ght 5 in SE ae ay $.()0 (ii) 96 ab i eee 623 721! BED wey Oi) £15 (ii) # 1.35 10. (4) 26 (ii) 5 Mire a2 Giyt WD 12.2 2i7 Give 1617 13,03 )7 14.() 5 (iy ¥29 (ily 5V29 18.160 16, 15 17.26 Exercise 4 (B) 1. a) QV)2 (bi) 90 (©) 1) O (A) (ii) 18xye 2, () 278? — 54a + 36ab* - Bb? (ii) 1250" +2250 + 13Sab? + 27H? (ii) Ba" + 60+ = + a (iv) 274-2704 2 . = 3. (i) £7 (ii) £322 4, (i) 24 (ii) 276 9. (4) 1560 (i) -630 Gi) 540 (iv) 35568 10, (11 i) 36 11.6) 18 (iy 322 Gi) 76 13.3880 14. (i) 9x? 12x24 4z?~25y? (i) 9x2 — 30ny + 25y?—422 18.) 41 (i) 189. 16, G11 (485. Giiy 539.17. + Yard Exercise 4 (C) 1. (a) (ii) x2 + 2xy - 15y? (6) (i) (@- 5) (x- a) (©) Gil) 1 (Gi) e+ Fa 2. (i) x2 + 18x + 80 (ii) 7 - 2-80 ii) 2 + 2x - 80(iv) x°- 18x +80 3.06241- 4 oer 52 -S Axi +y +2 + Bay 2y2~ 2x a G2 +4? +4 4xy By + 4x il) 5a? + 96" + cA 30ab — Gbe + 10ea (iv) Sx — 3y-2)*= 28x" + 9 + 4— 1 423- stor 5.47 649 Byr-2g B42 9-7 x Boxy + 12y- 20x (0) + = j Exercise 4 (D) 1. @G4 O)Gi-10 (EG2-~-2+22 (|) 24218 3. tot Vm? 4 Go gqrSatae (i) - 16 (ii) 24 (iii) - 128 sae 6. 5 +8 7. (i) 224 (ii) -46 8.208 9. + 64/5 1 Rear) 11. 110 13.29 14,(i)a=12 (i) a=-12 (iii)a=5 18.022 we 14.21 G58 ‘Test Yourself G) P4824 Ax 48 (i) PBA + r+ AB fil) a Ie + A 48 (iv) B= 28x +48 2. () 88 +27 7 101 25 ; ; itn Oath Oo) ae F-21093. () 124864 (H91I6T3 Ae NO+DEHD 5.()13 Gy =15 “18abe 7.0 8.()3- 2N2 Gi) 42 ii) 128V2 (iv) 1402 9.407 1. (a? + B+ 20b Gi) a +B + 3a + 3a? (ii) Replacing 6 by -b, we get: (a ~b) (ab) (a~b) = a — bP + 3ab*- 30° Exercise 5 (A) 1 1 (a) Ha? +4) (b) (ii) (K+ 39) (Tx + 2ly = 2) (©) Ht) Ky) GW) (2 ay hae 3) (© (iy (a2) 4a+36) 2 14y2x- Sy) 3. Ge -2y) Oy +92 4 52 4.(@ += C) (b + be + 00) abet I5y-82) (+1) (4-3) 7.4(a4b) a44d—1) B(a-2) (0! =D 9. (a-2)(a+d) $0. (axsby(asbx) MH. (a 1(a-b) IDG? +yDG@r +d) 1. (ax' + DarD 14, 2a-b) 2a-b-5) IS. (a—4)(a-1) 16. (y-@(y-b) Exercise 5 (B) 1. @ Gi +6) +4) (0) GV) G- )2e-3) ©) GD 2E-DGEFD MOG-NH+4) © Gi) 1-1) 5-2) 2 +6) (+4) 3(0-8)(045) 4 (1-30) (14a) SO Mad (x Bad 6 Ga_s)(2043) 7.08+5)Be-1) B(@- Gat) % (b+ 9 ab=1) 103-7) (1 +a) 1, Qarb-4)Qa+b+l) 12 (1~3a-3b)(l+a+b) 13.(a-DGa+l) MO+Dasaey NS. (3x -2y +5) (Gx-2y-2) 16. (3a-5)(a+ 1) (a- 1) a4) o oa e=—_——__