Professional Documents
Culture Documents
472077599 Kindye Garment Factory Proposal
472077599 Kindye Garment Factory Proposal
Mobile: 0913049214
MARCH, 2020
PREPARED BY: ERZA CONSULTING PLC BAHIR DAR, ETHIOPIA
ADDRESS: BAHIR DAR
KEBELLE-07
AMBAYE BUILDING, B-11
MOBILE: 0912902525
Website: www.erzaconsulting.com 0
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY
2020
Table of Contents
Executive
summary ...........................................................................
............................................................ 1
1.
Introduction ......................................................................
..................................................................... 2
1.1 Company
Ownership .........................................................................
........................................... 2
1.2
Vision ............................................................................
................................................................ 2
1.3 Mission
Statement .........................................................................
................................................ 2
1.4 The key success factors of the
project ...........................................................................
............... 2
1.5 Goals and
Objectives ........................................................................
............................................ 3
1.6 SWOT
Analysis ..........................................................................
.................................................. 3
1.6.1
Strengths .........................................................................
...................................................... 3
1.6.2
Weaknesses ........................................................................
................................................... 3
1.6.3
Opportunities......................................................................
................................................... 3
1.6.4
Threats............................................................................
....................................................... 4
1.7 Product Description and
Application .......................................................................
..................... 4
2 Market Feasibility
Analysis ..........................................................................
........................................ 5
2.1 Market
Potential .........................................................................
................................................... 5
2.2 Supply-Demand
Analysis ..........................................................................
................................... 5
2.3 Projected
Demand ............................................................................
............................................. 1
2.4 Pricing and
Distribution ......................................................................
.......................................... 4
3 Technical Feasibility
Analysis ..........................................................................
...................................... 6
3.1 Location and
Site ..............................................................................
............................................ 6
3.2 Land, Buildings and Civil
Works .............................................................................
.................... 6
3.3 Plant capacity and production
program............................................................................
............. 8
3.3.1 Plant
capacity ..........................................................................
.............................................. 8
3.3.2 Production
program ...........................................................................
................................... 8
3.4 Raw Materials and
utilities .........................................................................
.................................. 9
3.4.1 Raw
Materials .........................................................................
.............................................. 9
3.4.2
Utilities .........................................................................
....................................................... 10
3.5 Technology and
Engineering .......................................................................
............................... 10
3.5.1 Production
process ...........................................................................
.................................. 10
3.5.2 Source of
Technology ........................................................................
................................. 14
i
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY
2020
3.5.3 Machinery and
Equipment .........................................................................
......................... 15
3.6 Project implementation
schedule ..........................................................................
...................... 17
4 Management and Organizational
feasibility .......................................................................
................ 19
4.1 Human Resource
Requirement .......................................................................
............................ 19
4.2 Training
requirement........................................................................
........................................... 20
5 Financial
Analysis ..........................................................................
...................................................... 21
5.1 Underlying
Assumption ........................................................................
...................................... 21
5.2 Pre-production
Expenses...........................................................................
.................................. 22
5.3 Total Investment
Cost ..............................................................................
................................... 22
5.4 Production
Cost ..............................................................................
............................................. 23
5.5 Financial
Evaluations .......................................................................
........................................... 23
5.5.1
Profitability......................................................................
.................................................... 23
5.5.1 Financial
Ratios ............................................................................
....................................... 23
5.5.2 Break-even
Analysis ..........................................................................
.................................. 24
5.5.3 Payback
Period ............................................................................
........................................ 24
5.5.4 Internal Rate of
Return ............................................................................
........................... 24
5.5.5 Net Present
Value .............................................................................
.................................. 25
5.6 Economic
benefits ..........................................................................
............................................. 25
5.6.1 Earning foreign
currency ..........................................................................
........................... 25
5.5.2 Job
creation ..........................................................................
............................................... 25
5.5.3 Tax
Revenue ...........................................................................
............................................. 25
ANNEXES ...........................................................................
......................................................................... A
ii
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY
2020
List of Tables
Table 1: Export plan of knitted and woven garment
6
Table 2: List of apparel products exported from year 2008 up to 2017/ Export in
Net-Mass (Kg) 7
Table 3: Export in CIF Value (USD)
7
Table 4: List of apparel products imported from year 2008 up to 2017 Import in Net-
Mass (Kg) 8
Table 5: Import in CIF Value (USD)
8
Table 6: World and Ethiopian Apparel Import projections for years 2011 -2022
2
Table 7: Apparel Supply Gaps Projected for the years 2017-2022
3
Table 8፡ World supply gap
3
Table 9፡ Summary of Apparel Surplus Import Demand Projected for the coming 6 years
3
Table 10: Sales plan for the envisaged project (Export & Local sales)
4
Table 11: Estimated Average selling price per unit kilogram for different product
categories 5
Table 12: Project construction area requirement (in m2)
7
Table 13: Annual Sales plan for the envisaged plant
8
Table 14: Production Program
9
Table 15: Raw materials requirement and Cost at full capacity
10
Table 16: Utilities Requirement and Cost at full capacity
10
Table 17: Machinery and Equipment Requirement and Cost
15
Table 18: Furniture and office equipment and vehicles
17
Table 19: Project implementation schedule
18
Table 20: Man power Requirement and annual salary
19
Table 21: Design, consultancy, training and test run cost
22
Table 22: Total Initial Investment
22
iii
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY
2020
Executive summary
This project envisages the establishment of Garment factory. The business is owned
by
JENFOK TRADING PLC. The total land requirement is 30,000m2.
The investment cost of the project including working capital is estimated at Birr
50.065 million.
The owner will contribute 25% (12,516,269.61) of the finance in the form of equity
while the
remaining 75% (37,548,808.84) is to be financed by bank loan.The raw materials
required to
produce garments include fabrics, buttons, sewing threads, and accessories like
zipper, shoulder
pad, labels etc. The raw materials are locally available.
The project is financially viable with an internal rate of return (IRR) of 23% and
a net present
value (NPV) of Birr 98,061,806.10 discounted at 12%.The project can create
employment for
520 workers.
The establishment of such factory will have a foreign exchange saving effect to the
country by
substituting the current imports and also increase hard currency by exporting 60%
of the
products to south Sudan, Somali, Djibouti and Kenya. The project will also create
backward
linkage with the textile fabrics and forward linkage with the households and also
generate
income for the Government in terms of payroll tax.
1
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY
2020
1. Introduction
1.1 Company Ownership
The business is a sole company established in Bahir Dar city. The company wants to
establish its
Garment manufacturing business. Currently the company involves in Business and
management
consulting business. The business name is JENFOK TRADING PLC Garment factory. The
company will be hire other staff members and operate the company efficiently and
effectively.
The plan will conceive and developed by those individuals, with the intent to apply
their
extensive experience and contacts in the industry to build a successful profitable
company.
1.2 Vision
The company vision is providing quality Garment products for international and
domestic
market, creating welfare for the community, establishing an integrated, sustainable
and profitable
leader industry in Ethiopia. We establish and maintain everlasting relationship
with consumers of
our products, suppliers including stake holders.
1.3 Mission Statement
JENFOK TRADING PLC Garment factory is a manufacturing company dedicated in
producing textile products and convertingtextile fabrics and apparels into
commercially viable
garment products, utilizing environmentally friendly manufacturing methods. We
intend to make
enough profit to generate a significant return for our investors and to finance
continued growth
and continued development in quality products. We will also maintain a friendly,
fair, and
creative work environment, which respects diversity, new ideas and hard work.
1.4 The key success factors of the project
There are textile factories which provide fabrics and apparels with in the
region and also
we will produce textile products.
Secure Supply- Contract for supply of fabric products from textile
factories
Prime business location for proposed Garment factory.
Producing Quality products
Reasonable and competitive charges, positioned against competitors.
On time delivery of clothes can leave good impression on the customers.
Technical and efficient labor
2
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY
2020
There should be advertisement on websites, local cable and banners.
1.6.1 Strengths
Continuous availability of raw material, i.e. high volume of fabric and
apparel suppliers.
Availability of low cost labor
Product affordable to all income groups
Wide range of target market
1.6.2 Weaknesses
Inexperienced technical staff
1.6.3 Opportunities
The rapid growth of customers for garment products proportional to
population growth.
Supports and available incentives from the government
Export opportunity
3
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY
2020
1.6.4 Threats
Government policy on garment products
Fluctuation in the price of the fabrics.
Power interruptions
This project envisages making men’s, women’s and children’s dresses and traditional
clothes.
Transporting the product is easy too; therefore, if the factory can produce quality
products at a
cost which can compete internationally.
Different fabric types; such as cotton fabrics, polyester fabrics, nylon fabrics,
polyester-cotton
blended fabrics, denim fabrics, and others, are used to manufacture these products
tailored to
customers’ requirement.
4
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY
2020
5
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY
2020
3 to 5 years holiday for loan repayment
Provisions of loss carry forward privileges, for about half of the tax
exemption period,
and other.
Along with the above incentives and motivations the textile manufacturing
industries are
migrating to Africa and other poor countries due to the increase of labor cost in
countries like
Turkey, Italy and others. On the contrary, Ethiopia has relatively lower cost labor
force and good
source of raw material. All the listed reasons fueled the textile sector to show up
dramatic change
in number and influence the economy of the country.
2016/17 35 30 65
-
2017/18 70 60 130
100
2018/19 158 135 293
125
2019/20 245 210 455
55
2020/21 350 300 650
43
6
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY
2020
Table 2: List of apparel products exported from year 2009 up to 2018/ Export in
Net-Mass (Kg)
Products Category 2009 GC 2010 GC 2011 GC 2012
GC 2013 GC 2014 GC 2015 GC 2016 GC 2017 GC
2018 GC
Men's suits, jackets,
trousers etc& shorts 159.00 35,781.00 26,074.80
73,497.80 127,464.73 101,580.33 230,794.83 63,259.93
79,146.87 NA
Men's Shirts 0 26,898.00 113,882.10
34,918.02 137,871.68 34,035.38 133,414.37 37,887.51
84,623.30 NA
Women's blouses and shirt 0 0 16,053.00
3,343.10 14,044.80 4,588.74 3,329.15 79,551.63
17,302.40 NA
Women's suits, jackets,
NA
dresses skirts etc& shorts 2,608.00 10,929.00 56,354.30
168,343.60 132,173.75 114,430.25 178,382.56 29,748.88
15,147.27
Babies Garment 12,000.00 3,206.00 1,617.00
190.00 60.00 0 0 619.00
62.00 NA
Sub Total 14,767.00 76,814.00 213,981.20
280,292.52 411,614.96 254,634.70 545,920.91 211,066.95
196,281.84 NA
Others 35,716.00 41,306.00 481,825.90
156,163.38 90,865.30 97,335.35 251,502.14 172,913.76
573,969.23 NA
TOTAL SUM 50,483.00 118,120.00 695,807.10
436,455.90 502,480.26 351,970.05 797,423.05 383,980.71
770,251.07 NA
7
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY
2020
Table 4: List of apparel products imported from year 2009 up to 2018
Import in Net-Mass (Kg)
Products Category 2009 GC 2010 GC 2011 GC
2012 GC 2013 GC 2014 GC 2015 GC 2016 GC
2017 GC 2018 GC
Men's suits, jackets,
trousers etc& shorts 3,386,339 3,158,269 3,117,306.1
3,338,977.9 3,975,624.03 4,607,668.03 4,174,741.29 2,803,183.56
2,567,027.71 NA
Men's Shirts 1,058,841.00 1,075,427.00 1,166,219.67
1,362,717.44 1,400,606.93 1,261,987.18 1,090,756.96 858,196.92
1,089,465.78 NA
Women’s Blouse &
NA
Shirts 1,424,375.00 3,352,335.00 4,408,382.15
5,282,327.25 4,428,796.86 3,909,073.72 3,793,738.67 3,086,521.82
3,559,410.19
Women's suits, jackets,
NA
dresses skirts etc&
shorts 733,204.00 1,094,561.00 1,732,912.63
2,025,307.75 1,895,197.33 1,940,545.21 2,158,051.19 2,386,480.43
3,126,041.46
NA
Babies Garments 1,024,064.00 1,091,768.00 1,272,262.00
1,332,488.86 1,930,724.17 1,564,047.98 1,517,166.18 1,822,585.25
1,879,744.86
Sub Total 7,626,823.00 9,772,360.00 11,697,082.55
13,341,819.20 13,630,949.32 13,283,322.12 12,734,454.29
10,956,967.98 12,221,690.00 NA
8
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY
2020
From this analysis it can be reasonably concluded that export of apparel products
in general and
those mentioned products in particular, will be expected to increase for the coming
ten years
also. Besides these analyses, the report of “International Trade Center (ITC)”
indicates that for
the year 2012, the total world import of apparel products was about
196,786,089,000.00 USD,
from which about 83,324,000.00 USD (0.04%) was imported by Ethiopia. On the other
hand,
the total value exported by Ethiopia in this same year was only 15,078,000.00 USD,
according to
the report, which amounts to only 0.008% of the total amount imported by the world
(196,702,765,000.00 USD), excluding that of Ethiopia.
According to this report (ITC report), the average growth rate for apparels’ world
import for the
years 2015 - 2018 was 2%, and about 16% for the years 2017-2018. The Import growth
rate for
Ethiopia was reported as 4% for the years 2015 -2018 and 7% for the years 2017-
2018. (But
according to data obtained from ECRA, it was indicated that there was reduction in
import by
14.7% for the year 2017-2018, which was noted as the result of data differences
from one source
to the other).
1
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY
2020
Likewise; regarding export, it was indicated in the ITC report that the growth rate
was 93% for
the year 2015-2018 and 267% for the years 2017-2018, for Ethiopia.
According to the Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP 2) of the country, it was
targeted to
increase the export of apparel products, in general, as presented in table 2 above.
Therefore, assuming that the world and national imports continues to increase with
the same
average growth rate of the year 2015 – 2016, which is 2% and 4% respectively; and
taking the
values of 2018 as the base line, which was 196,786,089,000.00 USD and 83,324,000.00
USD
respectively, we can predict that the demands of apparel products in general to
have the
following trends.
Table 6: World and Ethiopian Apparel Import projections for years 2019 -2024
Year World Import (USD) National Import World /Except
Ethiopia/
(USD) Import
(USD)
2019 221,613,098,100.00 105,431,441.90
221,507,666,658.10
2020 226,045,360,000.00 109,648,699.60
225,935,711,300.40
2021 230,566,267,200.00 114,034,647.60
230,452,232,552.40
2022 235,177,592,600.00 118,596,033.50
235,058,996,566.50
2023 239,881,144,400.00 123,339,874.80
239,757,804,525.20
2024 244,678,767,300.00 128,273,469.80
244,550,493,830.20
Assuming that the factories available in the year 2019 are remaining to exist and
continue to
produce and sale the amount imported in that year, we can calculate the supply gaps
resulted in
the market because of the demand growths in the following consecutive years. These
can be
obtained by deducting the supply of the year 2019 from the projected ones for the
years covered
in the plan, as presented in Table 7.
Considering the export and import situations of apparel products at national and
global levels, we
can reasonably conclude that there is very huge market demand for the mentioned
products both
locally and globally. Therefore, it will be the matter of competing and taking the
market share
2
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY
2020
Table 7: Apparel Supply Gaps Projected for the years 2019-2024
As presented in the table about 60% of the total sale will be targeted for export
and the remaining
40% is reserved for local market.
2.4 Pricing and Distribution
Based on import data analyzed for the year 2018, the average price per unit
kilogram of garment
products was 16.143 USD, which is equivalent to Birr 452. (Source: Data analyzed by
Marketing Directorate of TIDI, based on ERCA’s Annual Import Report) Assuming this
price to
increase by 5% in the coming year, 16.95USD is taken as the average selling price
for products
4
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY
2020
of the envisaged company. One dollar exchange rate is 28 birr is considered for
this analysis. The
project will export 65% of its product for Sudan, Kenya and Djibouti.
Table 11: Estimated Average selling price per unit kilogram for different product
categories
Product Mix U/M Unit Price Share of
Product Price Share
(USD/Kg) Mix (%)
(USD)
Men's suits, jackets, trousers etc& shorts Kg 18 25
4.5
Men's Shirts Kg 16.8 25
4.2
Women's blouses and shirts Kg 16.25 20
3.25
Women's suit, jackets, dresses skirts etc… Kg 16.5 20
3.3
Babies Garments Kg 17 10
1.7
Average Selling Price 100
16.95
Note that products mentioned as “men’s …” and “women’s …” covers all the sizes from
small to
extra-large sizes, which are dressed by boys, girls, men, and women.
5
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY
2020
However, the Federal Legislation on the Lease Holding of Urban Land apart from
setting the
maximum has conferred on regional and city governments the power to issue
regulations on the
exact terms based on the development level of each region.
Moreover, the Bahir darcity Administration has recently adopted a new land lease
floor price for
plots in the city. The new prices will be used as a benchmark for plots that are
going to be
auctioned by the city government or transferred under the new “Urban Lands Lease
Holding
Proclamation.”
The highest rate of the industrial Zone will be applicable in most areas of the
city that are
considered to be main industrial areas that entertain high level of business
activities.
6
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY
2020
The price rate ranges from Birr 0.75 cents to Birr 60 per m2.Accordingly, in order
to estimate the
land lease cost of the project, it is assumed that all new manufacturing projects
will be located in
industrial zones. Therefore, for the project a land lease rate of Birr 60 per m2
which is the
highest price of the industrial zone is adopted.
On the other hand, some of the investment incentives arranged by the Bahir dar City
Administration on lease payment for industrial projects are granting longer grace
period and
extending the lease payment period. The criterions are creation of job opportunity,
foreign
exchange saving, investment capital and land utilization tendency etc. For the
purpose of this
project, the five years grace period, 40 years payment completion period and 10%
down payment
is used. The land lease period for industry is 80 years.
Accordingly, the total land lease cost at a rate of Birr 60 per m2 is estimated at
Birr 1,800,000 of
which 10% or Birr 180,000 will be paid in advance. The remaining Birr 1,720,000
will be paid in
equal installments within 40 years i.e. Birr 26,700 annually. The total
construction cost is
estimated about birr 22,250,000.
Table 12: Project construction area requirement (in m2)
7
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY
2020
Note that the average weight for unit product categories is taken by
estimation, taking the size
(small – extra-large) and material variations (cotton, polyester, nylon,
etc...) in to considerations.
3.3.2 Production program
The planned capacity will be achieved in the fourth year of the establishment
year of the factory.
In a period of 12 months project time, the project will be realized. It is
estimated that production
8
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY
2020
starts at 85% plant capacity in the first year, 95% in the second year, and 100% in
the third year
and will continue to work with this capacity for the coming 10 years. Since
production capacity
of garment factory is highly dependent on operator’s performance, here the average
attainable
Ethiopian machine operator’s performance is taken in to consideration to determine
the overall
capacity of the envisaged plant. The factory is assumed to work 320 days in a year
and 8 hours
per day in a single shift.
Table 14: Production Program
Product Categories U/M Plant Capacity Utilization
1st year 2nd year 3rd
year and
(85%) (95%) above
(100%)
Men's suits, jackets, trousers Pcs
246,759
etc& shorts 209,745 234,421
Men's Shirts >> 449,453 502,330
528,768
Women's blouses and shirts >> 419,489 468,841
493,517
Women's suits, jackets, dresses
246,758
skirts etc& shorts >> 209,744 234,420
Babies Garments >> 209,746 234,422
246,760
Traditional garments >> 54,400 60,800
64,000
Total >> 1,552,578 1,735,234
1,826,562
The factory will have a set up to accommodate production facilities for both
knitted and woven
garment products. Based on assumptions stated above the plant will have a total
capacity of
manufacturing 5,508 pieces of varies woven and knitted garments and 200 complete
traditional
clothes on average per day in one shift. Depending on the simplicity of the product
type and
improvement in operators’ performance, even more production capacity could be
achieved with
the same plant setup.
3.4 Raw Materials and utilities
3.4.1 Raw Materials
The raw materials required to produce Garment s include embroidery treads, mag,
fabrics,
buttons, sewing threads, and accessories like zipper, shoulder pad, labels etc.
Except some
materials and accessories which are not produced locally, for a short run, all the
raw materials
will be purchased locally. However, in the near future all the raw materials will
be expected to be
available locally as there are a number of projects in the pipeline and also some
bonded
9
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY
2020
warehouses to be opened locally by foreign manufacturers. Table 16 below presents
annual
requirements and corresponding costs of raw materials at full production capacity.
Table 15: Raw materials requirement and Cost at full capacity
10
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY
2020
The major processes involved in the production processes of apparel products of the
envisaged
factory are discussed as under.
Receiving fabrics
Under this process step the fabric to be used in production process of apparels
will be received
from the supplier. Depending on the type of procurement and type of products, the
supplier could
be either the manufacturer, or whole seller or retailer. The fabrics received from
the supplier are
preserved in the raw material stores temporarily before they are issued for next
step.
Fabric Relaxing
“Relaxing” refers to the process that allows material to relax and contract prior
to being
manufactured. This step is necessary because the material is continually under
tension
throughout the various stages of the textile manufacturing process, including
weaving, dyeing,
and other finishing processes. The relaxing process allows fabrics to shrink so
that further
shrinkage during customer use is minimized.
Fabric relaxing could be done either manually or mechanically. Manual fabric
relaxing typically
entails loading the bolt of fabric on a spinner and manually feeding the material
through a piece
of equipment that relieves tension in the fabric as it is pulled through.
Mechanical fabric relaxing
performs this same process in an automated manner.
Quality assurance process is integrated into this process to ensure that the
quality of the fabric
meets customer standards. This step is performed by manually spot-checking each
bolt of fabric
using a backlit surface to identify manufacturing defects such as color
inconsistency or flaws in
the material. Fabrics that fail to meet customer standards are returned to the
supplier
(manufacturer or whole seller of retailer).
Spreading, Form Layout, and cutting
After fabric has been relaxed, it is transferred to the spreading and cutting area
of the garment
manufacturing facility. The fabric is first cut into uniform plies and then spread
either manually
or using a computer-controlled system in preparation for the cutting process.
Fabric is spread to:
allow operators to identify fabric defects;
control the tension and slack of the fabric during cutting; and
Ensure each ply is accurately aligned on top of the others.
The number of plies in each spread is dependent on the fabric type, spreading
method, cutting
equipment, and size of the garment order.
11
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY
2020
Next, garment forms or patterns are laid out on top of the spread, either manually
or programmed
into an automated cutting system. Lastly, the fabric is cut to the shape of the
garment forms
using either manually operated cutting equipment or a computerized cutting system.
Embroidery and Screen Printing
Embroidery and screen printing are two processes that occur only if directly
specified by the
customer; therefore, these processes are commonly subcontracted to off-site
facilities.
Embroidery is performed using automated equipment, often with many machines
concurrently
embroidering the same pattern on multiple garments. Each production line may
include between
10 and 20 embroidery stations. Customers may request embroidery to put logos or
other
embellishments on garments.
Screen printing is the process of applying paint-based graphics to fabric using
presses and textile
dryers. Specifically, screen printing involves sweeping a rubber blade across a
porous screen,
transferring ink through a stencil and onto the fabric. The screen printed pieces
of fabric are then
dried to set the ink. This process may have varying levels of automation or may
largely be
completed at manually operated stations. Like embroidery, screen printing is wholly
determined
by the customer and may be requested to put logos or other graphics on garments or
to print
brand and size information in place of affixing tags.
Sewing
Garments are sewn in an assembly line, with the garment becoming more complete as
it
progresses down the sewing line. Sewing machine operators receive a bundle of cut
fabric and
repeatedly sew the same portion of the garment, passing that completed portion to
the next
operator. For example, the first operator may sew the collar to the body of the
garment and the
next operator may sew a sleeve to the body. Quality assurance is performed at the
end of the
sewing line to ensure that the garment has been properly assembled and that no
manufacturing
defects exist. When needed, the garment will be reworked or mended at designated
sewing
stations. This labor-intensive process progressively transforms pieces of fabric
into designer
garments.
Spot Cleaning and Laundry
In addition to identifying manufacturing defects, employees tasked with performing
quality
assurance are also looking for cosmetic flaws, stains, or other spots on the
garment that may have
occurred during the cutting and sewing processes. Spots are often marked with a
sticker and
12
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY
2020
taken to a spot-cleaning area where the garment is cleaned using steam, hot water,
or chemical
stain removers.
Some customers request that a garment be fully laundered after it is sewn and
assembled;
therefore, garment factories often have an on-site laundry or have subcontract
agreements with
off-site laundry operations. Commercial laundry facilities are equipped with at
least three types
of machines: washers, spinners, and dryers. Some facilities also have the
capability to perform
special treatments, such as stone- or acid-washing.
Ironing
After a garment is fully sewn and assembled, it is transferred to the ironing
section of the facility
for final pressing. Each ironing station consists of an iron and an ironing
platform. The irons are
similar looking to residential models, but have steam supplied by an on-site
boiler. Workers
control the steam with foot pedals and the steam is delivered via overhead hoses
directly to the
iron. In most facilities, the ironing platforms are equipped with a ventilation
system that draws
steam through the ironing table and exhausts it outside the factory.
Packaging and Shipping
In the last steps of making a product retail-ready, garments are folded, tagged,
sized, and
packaged according to customer specifications. Also, garments may be placed in
protective
plastic bags, either manually or using an automated system, to ensure that the
material stays
clean and pressed during shipping. Lastly, garments are placed in cardboard boxes
or pp bags
and shipped to client distribution centers to eventually be sold in retail stores,
or to customers, if
they are produced on orders.
13
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY
2020
Fabric Reception
Fabric Relaxing
Sewing
Inspection
Ironing
Packing
Apparel Shipping
14
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY
2020
3.5.3 Machinery and Equipment
The envisaged plant is planned to produce knitted and woven garments,traditional
clothes and
jeans products and therefore the machineries and equipment’s to be purchased will
be in such a
way as to accommodate all required facilities. The list of machinery and equipment,
quantity and
associated costs are presented in Table 17. As shown in the table, the total cost
of machinery and
equipment is estimated Birr 28,894,078.45.
Table 17: Machinery and Equipment Requirement and Cost
15
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY
2020
1 Finishing machinery
2 Steam boiler 120 kw 1 50,400.00
50,400.00
3 Steam boiler 75 kw 1 32,500.00
32,500.00
4 Iron 50 11,684.00
584,200.00
5 Full steam iron 100 5,800.00
580,000.00
6 Steam iron hose 300 1,760.00
528,000.00
7 Shirt iron press (box plate) 5 3,500.00
17,500.00
8 “ “ “ (back) 5 3,500.00
17,500.00
9 “ “ “ (said) 5 3,500.00
17,500.00
10 “ “ “(collar) 3 3,500.00
10,500.00
11 Court “ “( solder ) 2 3,500.00
7,000.00
12 “ “ “ (front master ) 2 3,500.00
7,000.00
13 “ “ “ (back) 1 3,500.00
3,500.00
14 “ “ “ (front) 1 3,500.00
3,500.00
15 “ “ “ (solder) 1 3,500.00
3,500.00
16 “ “ “ (side) 1 3,500.00
3,500.00
17 “ “ “ (collar) 1 3,500.00
3,500.00
18 Thread sacker 2 2,500.00
5,000.00
19 Shirt folding machine 3 17,500.00
52,500.00
21 Sacker for court 1 24,500.00
24,500.00
22 Compressor (350 kg) 1 54,200.00
54,200.00
23 Catron banding machine 2 16,500.00
33,000.00
24 Snap button machine (panama tic) 15 13,545.00
203,175.00
25 needle detector (metal caking )machine 1 21,000.00
21,000.00
26 stane removing (sport cleaning ) 3 12,500.00
37,500.00
Sub total
2,300,475.00
1 Complete Jeans Machine 1 set 2,300,000.00
2,300,000.00
2 Traditional weaving machine 500 10,000.00
5,000,000.00
Knitting machine
1 Circular knitting machine
2 Tubular circular knitting machine three thread 1,312,000.00
fleece 30” g 5
6,560,000.00
3 Single jersey Tubular circular knitting machine 8 268,000.00
2,144,000.00
Sub total
8,704,000.00
Grand total
18,854,078.45
16
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY
2020
Table 18: Furniture and office equipment and vehicles
Item Quantity Unit cost
Total cost
Computer 10 10,000
100,000
Printer 4 10,000
40,000
Photocopy machine 1 30,000
30,000
Telephone sets 6 500
3,000
Table 50 3,000
150,000
Chair 50 2,000
100,000
Shelf 12 4,000
48,000
Miscellaneous
30,000
Total
501,000
Vehicles
Toyota hilux-4wd double 1 1,500,000.00
1,500,000.00
Total
1,500,000.00
18
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY
2020
20
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY
2020
5 Financial Analysis
5.1 Underlying Assumption
The financial analysis of the envisaged plant is based on the data provided in the
preceding
chapters and the following assumptions.
Financial Assumptions
A. Construction and Finance
Construction period 12 months
Source of Finance 25% equity and 75% Loan from bank
Tax Holidays 5 years
Bank Interest rate 11.50%
Discount for cash flow 12%
Value of Land Birr 60/M2
Spare parts & Repair and Maintenance 5% of the fixed investment
B. Depreciation & Amortization
Building 5%
Machinery and Equipment 10%
Office Furniture 10%
Vehicles 10%
C. Working Capital(Minimum day of coverage)
21
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY
2020
22
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY
2020
= 0.018 (1.8%)
23
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY
2020
Return on equity = Net profit/Equity
= 5,642,485.93/12,516,269.61
= 0.45 (45%)
Return on investment = Net profit/Total Investment
= 5,642,485.93/50,065,078.45
= 0.11 (11%)
These financial ratios for all years of the operation life of the project are found
to be satisfactory and
hence indicate that it is profitable and viable.
5.5.2 Break-even Analysis
The break-even analysis establishes a relationship between operation costs and
revenues. It indicates
the level at which costs and revenue are in equilibrium.
BEP = Fixed Cost/ (Average Unit selling price – Average Variable cost per unit
product)
Fixed costs: 43,105,078.45
Average Sales price per unit: 223
Average Variable cost per unit: 176.96
Break-even point (units): 934,991
Break-even point (total sales): 208,559,834.38
24
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY
2020
Accordingly, the IRR of this project is computed to be 23 % indicating the
viability of the
project.
5.5.5 Net Present Value
Net present value (NPV) is defined as the total present (discounted) value of a
time series of cash
flows. NPV aggregates cash flows that occur during different periods of time during
the life of a
project in to a common measuring unit i.e. present value. It is a standard method
for using the time
value of money to appraise long-term projects. NPV is an indicator of how
much value an
investment or project adds to the capital invested. In principal a project is
accepted if the NPV is non-
negative. Accordingly, the net present value of the project at 12% discount rate is
found to be Birr
237.462 million which is acceptable.
5.6 Economic benefits
5.6.1 Earning foreign currency
In addition to saving hard currency by substituting import of garment products, the
project will have
a role of earning of foreign currencies by exporting 60 % of its products.
5.5.2 Job creation
This project creates permanent job opportunities for 520 persons.
5.5.3 Tax Revenue
In the project life under consideration, the region will collect about Birr 4.616
million from corporate
income tax. Such result create additional fund for the government that will be used
in expanding
social and other basic services in the region.
Impact on Environment
The project is purely environment friendly. The proposed project is an exemplary
business solution
for environmental pollution. The experience of this business can be used to tackle
other
environmental problems as well.
25
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY
2020
ANNEXES
1A: Sales projection volume in birr
Description Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
Year 4 Year 5
products in kg 592,220.00 666,247.50 740,275.00
740,275.00 740,275.00
unit price 474.60 498 523
549 577
Sub total 281,067,612.00 332,011,116.68
387,346,302.79 406,713,617.93 427,049,298.82
Traditional clothes in pcs 51,200.00 57,600.00 64,000.00
64,000.00 64,000.00
unit price 2000 2,100 2,205
2,315 2,431
Sub total 102,400,000.00 120,960,000.00
141,120,000.00 148,176,000.00 155,584,800.00
Total 383,467,612.00 452,971,116.68
528,466,302.79 554,889,617.93 582,634,098.82
A
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY 2020
2: Depreciation forecasting
No Cost Items Original value Depreciation and
Amortization % Annual depreciation
1 Building and civil work 5%
1,112,500.00
22,250,000.00
2 Machinery and equipment 5%
1,885,407.85
18,854,078.45
3 Vehicles 1,500,000.00 10%
150,000.00
4 Office furniture and equip. 501,000.00 10%
50,100.00
Total 43,105,078.45
3,198,007.85
3: Annual repair and maintenance expenses
No Cost Items Original value Maintenance rate
Annual maintenance cost
1 Machinery and equipment 18,854,078.45 5%
942,703.92
2 Vehicles 1,500,000.00 5%
75,000.00
3 Office furniture and equip. 501,000.00 5%
25,050.00
Total 20,855,078.45
1,042,753.92
B
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY
2020
4: loan repayment schedule
Loan Amount 37,548,808.84 Scheduled Payment
6,510,107.72
Annual Interest Rate 11.50 % Scheduled Number of Payments
10.00
Loan Period in Years 10 Actual Number of Payments
10.00
Number of Payments Per Year 1 Total Early Payments
-
Start Date of Loan 11/28/2019 Total Interest
27,552,268.39
Payment Date Beginning Scheduled Total Principal
Interest Ending Cumulative
Balance Payment Payment
Balance Interest
11/28/2020 37,548,808.84 6,510,107.72 6,510,107.72 2,191,994.71
4,318,113.02 35,356,814.13 4,318,113.02
11/28/2021 35,356,814.13 6,510,107.72 6,510,107.72 2,444,074.10
4,066,033.63 32,912,740.03 8,384,146.64
11/28/2022 32,912,740.03 6,510,107.72 6,510,107.72 2,725,142.62
3,784,965.10 30,187,597.41 12,169,111.75
11/28/2023 30,187,597.41 6,510,107.72 6,510,107.72 3,038,534.02
3,471,573.70 27,149,063.39 15,640,685.45
11/28/2024 27,149,063.39 6,510,107.72 6,510,107.72 3,387,965.43
3,122,142.29 23,761,097.96 18,762,827.74
11/28/2025 23,761,097.96 6,510,107.72 6,510,107.72 3,777,581.46
2,732,526.27 19,983,516.50 21,495,354.00
11/28/2026 19,983,516.50 6,510,107.72 6,510,107.72 4,212,003.33
2,298,104.40 15,771,513.18 23,793,458.40
11/28/2027 15,771,513.18 6,510,107.72 6,510,107.72 4,696,383.71
1,813,724.02 11,075,129.47 25,607,182.42
11/28/2028 11,075,129.47 6,510,107.72 6,510,107.72 5,236,467.83
1,273,639.89 5,838,661.64 26,880,822.31
11/28/2029 5,838,661.64 6,510,107.72 5,838,661.64 5,167,215.55
671,446.09 - 27,552,268.39
C
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY 2020
Financial Statements
5A: Projected Income statement
Description Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
Year 4 Year 5
Total Sales 311,787,612.00 368,299,116.68 429,682,302.79
451,166,417.93 473,724,738.82
COGS 258,695,163.20 305,583,661.53 356,514,271.79
374,339,985.37 393,056,984.64
Gross profit 53,092,448.80 62,715,455.15 73,168,031.00
76,826,432.55 80,667,754.18
Expenses
Utility expense 4,528,000 4,980,800.00 5,478,880.00
6,026,768.00 6,629,444.80
Salary & benefit 31,039,800.00 32,591,790.00 34,221,379.50
35,932,448.48 37,729,070.90
Admin. Cost 1,000,000.00 1,050,000.00 1,102,500.00
1,157,625.00 1,215,506.25
Overhead cost 1,000,000.00 1,050,000.00 1,102,500.00
1,157,625.00 1,215,506.25
Maintenance & repair 1,042,753.92 1,042,753.92 1,042,753.92
1,042,753.92 1,042,753.92
Depreciation 3,198,007.85 3,198,007.85 3,198,007.85
3,198,007.85 3,198,007.85
Insurance 323,288.09 323,288.09 323,288.09
323,288.09 323,288.09
Marketing & promotion 1,000,000.00 1,000,000.00 1,000,000.00
1,000,000.00 1,000,000.00
Interest 4,318,113.02 4,066,033.63 3,784,965.10
3,471,573.70 3,122,142.29
Total expenses 47,449,962.87 49,302,673.48 51,254,274.46
53,310,090.03 55,475,720.34
EBT 5,642,485.93 13,412,781.66 21,913,756.54
23,516,342.52 25,192,033.84
Income Tax (30%)
Net Income 5,642,485.93 13,412,781.66 21,913,756.54
23,516,342.52 25,192,033.84
Withdrawal (20%) 846,372.89 2,011,917.25 3,287,063.48
3,527,451.38 3,778,805.08
Retained earning 4,796,113.04 11,400,864.41 18,626,693.06
19,988,891.14 21,413,228.76
D
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY 2020
5B: Projected Income statement
Gross Sales Year 6 Year 7 Year 8
Year 9 Year 10
Total Sales 497,410,975.76 522,281,524.55 548,395,600.78
575,815,380.82 604,606,149.86
COGS 412,709,833.88 433,345,325.57 455,012,591.85
477,763,221.44 501,651,382.51
Gross profit 84,701,141.89 88,936,198.98 93,383,008.93
98,052,159.38 102,954,767.35
Expenses
Utility expense 7,292,389.28 8,021,628.21 8,823,791.03
9,706,170.13 10,676,787.14
Salary & benefit 39,615,524.44 41,596,300.67 43,676,115.70
45,859,921.48 48,152,917.56
Admin. Cost 1,276,281.56 1,340,095.64 1,407,100.42
1,477,455.44 1,551,328.22
Overhead cost 1,276,281.56 1,340,095.64 1,407,100.42
1,477,455.44 1,551,328.22
Maintenance & repair 1,042,753.92 1,042,753.92 1,042,753.92
1,042,753.92 1,042,753.92
Depreciation 3,198,007.85 3,198,007.85 3,198,007.85
3,198,007.85 3,198,007.85
Insurance 323,288.09 323,288.09 323,288.09
323,288.09 323,288.09
Marketing 1,000,000.00 1,000,000.00 1,000,000.00
1,000,000.00 1,000,000.00
Interest 2,732,526.27 2,298,104.40 1,813,724.02
1,273,639.89 671,446.09
Total expenses 57,757,052.97 60,160,274.41 62,691,881.44
65,358,692.25 68,167,857.08
EBT 26,944,088.92 28,775,924.57 30,691,127.49
32,693,467.13 34,786,910.27
Income Tax (30%) 8,083,226.68 8,632,777.37 9,207,338.25
9,808,040.14 10,436,073.08
Net Income 18,860,862.24 20,143,147.20 21,483,789.24
22,885,426.99 24,350,837.19
Withdrawal (20%) 2,829,129.34 3,021,472.08 3,222,568.39
3,432,814.05 3,652,625.58
Retained earning 16,031,732.91 17,121,675.12 18,261,220.86
19,452,612.94 20,698,211.61
Total profit 197,401,463.36
Average 19,740,146.34
E
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY 2020
6A: Projected Balance Sheet
Description Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
Year 4 Year 5
ASSET
Current Asset
Cash 6,780,000.00 5,802,126.18 17,956,924.34
37,056,482.63 57,204,847.59
Accounts Receivable 4,032,785.45 3,841,149.12
3,484,389.71 3,022,315.94
Finished goods inventory 2,688,523.64 2,560,766.08
2,322,926.47 2,014,877.30
Total current asset 6,780,000.00 12,523,435.27 24,358,839.55
42,863,798.81 62,242,040.83
Fixed assets
Land 1,800,000.00 1,800,000.00 1,800,000.00
1,800,000.00 1,800,000.00
Building and infrastructure 22,250,000.00 21,137,500.00 20,080,625.00
19,076,593.75 18,122,764.06
vehicles 1,500,000.00 1,363,636.36 1,239,669.42
1,126,972.20 1,024,520.18
Machinery and equipment 18,854,078.45 16,968,670.61 15,271,803.54
13,744,623.19 12,370,160.87
Furniture and equipment 501,000.00 455,454.55 414,049.59
414,049.59 376,408.72
Total fixed asset 44,905,078.45 41,725,261.51 38,806,147.55
36,162,238.73 33,693,853.83
Total asset 51,685,078.45 54,248,696.78 63,164,987.10
79,026,037.54 95,935,894.66
Liabilities & owners’ equity
Long term liabilities
Lease payable 1,620,000.00 1,579,500.00 1,539,000.00
1,498,500.00 1,458,000.00
Long term debt 37,548,808.84 35,356,814.13 32,912,740.03
30,187,597.41 27,149,063.39
Total long term liabilities 39,168,808.84 36,936,314.13 34,451,740.03
31,686,097.41 28,607,063.39
Owners’ equity
Paid up capital 12,516,269.61 12,516,269.61 12,516,269.61
12,516,269.61 12,516,269.61
Retained earning 4,796,113.04 16,196,977.45
34,823,670.51 54,812,561.66
Total capital 12,516,269.61 17,312,382.65 28,713,247.07
47,339,940.13 67,328,831.27
Total capital and liabilities 51,685,078.45 54,248,696.78 63,164,987.10
79,026,037.54 95,935,894.66
F
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY
2020
6B: Projected Balance Sheet
Description Year 6 Year 7 Year 8
Year 9 Year 10
ASSET
Current Asset
Cash 78,428,118.76 93,880,278.06
109,987,957.70 126,750,802.69 144,164,955.65
Accounts Receivable 2,420,986.73 1,733,703.52 928,646.70
53,403.54
Finished goods inventory 1,613,991.15 1,155,802.35 619,097.80
35,602.36
Total current asset 82,463,096.65 96,769,783.93
111,535,702.20 126,839,808.59 144,164,955.65
Fixed assets
Land 1,800,000.00 1,800,000.00
1,800,000.00 1,800,000.00 1,800,000.00
Building and infrastructure 17,216,625.86 16,355,794.57
15,538,004.84 14,761,104.60 14,023,049.37
vehicles 931,381.98 846,710.90
769,737.18 699,761.07 636,146.43
Machinery and equipment 11,133,144.78 10,019,830.31
9,017,847.27 8,116,062.55 7,304,456.29
Furniture and equipment 376,408.72 342,189.74
342,189.74 311,081.58 311,081.58
Total fixed asset 31,457,561.34 29,364,525.51
27,467,779.03 25,688,009.80 24,074,733.67
Total asset 113,920,657.99 126,134,309.44
139,003,481.23 152,527,818.38 168,239,689.32
Liabilities and equity
Accounts payable
1,536,225.82
Total current liabilities
1,536,225.82
Lease payable 1,417,500.00 1,377,000.00
1,336,500.00 1,296,000.00 1,255,500.00
Long term debt 23,761,097.96 19,983,516.50
15,771,513.18 11,075,129.47 5,838,661.64
Total long term liabilities 25,178,597.96 21,360,516.50
17,108,013.18 12,371,129.47 7,094,161.64
Owners’ Equity
Paid up capital 12,516,269.61 12,516,269.61
12,516,269.61 12,516,269.61 12,516,269.61
Retained earning 76,225,790.42 92,257,523.32
109,379,198.45 127,640,419.30 147,093,032.24
Total capital 88,742,060.03 104,773,792.94
121,895,468.06 140,156,688.91 159,609,301.86
Total capital and liabilities 113,920,657.99 126,134,309.44
139,003,481.23 152,527,818.38 168,239,689.32
7A: Projected cash flow statement
G
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY
2020
Description year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year
3 Year 4 Year 5
Inflow
Owners contribution 12,516,269.61
Loan 37,548,808.84
Sales revenue 311,787,612.00 368,299,116.68
429,682,302.79 451,166,417.93 473,724,738.82
Total cash inflow 311,787,612.00 368,299,116.68
429,682,302.79 451,166,417.93 473,724,738.82
Cash out flow
COGS 258,695,163.20 305,583,661.53
356,514,271.79 374,339,985.37 393,056,984.64
Total operating costs 44,251,955.03 46,104,665.64
48,056,266.61 50,112,082.19 52,277,712.50
Income tax - - -
- -
Loan repayment 2,191,994.71 2,444,074.10
2,725,142.62 3,038,534.02 3,387,965.43
Withdrawal 846,372.89 2,011,917.25
3,287,063.48 3,527,451.38 3,778,805.08
Total Cash outflow 305,985,485.82 356,144,318.51
410,582,744.50 431,018,052.96 452,501,467.65
Investment 50,065,078.45
Net inflow (50,065,078.45) 5,802,126.18 12,154,798.16
19,099,558.29 20,148,364.97 21,223,271.17
Cumulative cash 5,802,126.18 17,956,924.34
37,056,482.63 57,204,847.59 78,428,118.76
H
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY 2020
7B: Projected cash flow statement
Description Year 6 Year 7 Year 8
Year 9 Year 10
Inflow
sales revenue 497,410,975.76 522,281,524.55 548,395,600.78
575,815,380.82 604,606,149.86
Total cash inflow 497,410,975.76 522,281,524.55 548,395,600.78
575,815,380.82 604,606,149.86
Cash out flow
COGS 412,709,833.88 433,345,325.57 455,012,591.85
477,763,221.44 501,651,382.51
Total operating costs 54,559,045.12 56,962,266.56 59,493,873.60
62,160,684.40 64,969,849.23
Income tax 8,083,226.68 8,632,777.37 9,207,338.25
9,808,040.14 10,436,073.08
Loan Repayment 3,777,581.46 4,212,003.33 4,696,383.71
5,236,467.83 5,167,215.55
Withdrawal 2,829,129.34 3,021,472.08 3,222,568.39
3,432,814.05 3,652,625.58
Total Cash outflow 481,958,816.47 506,173,844.91 531,632,755.79
558,401,227.87 585,877,145.95
Investment
Net inflow 15,452,159.29 16,107,679.64 16,762,844.99
17,414,152.95 18,729,003.91
cumulative cash balance 93,880,278.06 109,987,957.70 126,750,802.69
144,164,955.65 162,893,959.55
I
JENFOK TRADING PLC GARMENT FACTORY
2020
8A Net present value of income (Discounting at
12%)
Description Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
Year 4 Year 5
CF 5,802,126.18 12,154,798.16 19,099,558.29
20,148,364.97 21,223,271.17
Discount factor 1 0.89 0.8
0.71 0.64
PV of income 5,802,126.18 10,817,770.36 15,279,646.63
14,305,339.13 13,582,893.55
cumulative pv of income 5,802,126.18 16,619,896.54 31,899,543.17
46,204,882.30 59,787,775.85
IRR = 23%