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iv • About the authors
honored as the best article in urban history by the she has two daughters. For leisure, she enjoys swim-
Urban History Association and received the ABC- ming and bicycling with her family, watching films,
CLIO, America: History and Life Award for the journal and reading fiction.
article that most advances previously unconsidered
topics. She is currently writing a book, Saving Ameri-
ca’s Cities: Ed Logue and the Struggle to Renew Urban Thomas A. Bailey (1903–1983) was the original
America in the Suburban Age, about the complexities of author of The American Pageant and saw it through its
urban renewal in American cities after World War II. first seven editions. He taught history for nearly forty
At Harvard, she has taught courses in twentieth- years at Stanford University, his alma mater. Long
century American history, with particular attention regarded as one of the nation’s leading historians of
to the intersection of social and cultural life and poli- American diplomacy, he was honored by his col-
tics, and she now oversees the Radcliffe Institute, a leagues in 1968 with election to the presidencies of
major center for scholarly research, creative arts, and both the Organization of American Historians and the
public programs. Before attending graduate school, Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations.
she taught history at the secondary level and worked He was the author, editor, or co-editor of some
in history and art museums. She continues to help twenty books, but the work in which he took most
develop public history programs for general audiences pride was The American Pageant, through which, he
through museums and documentary films. She is liked to say, he had taught American history to several
married to an historian of modern France, with whom million students.
Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
BRIEF Contents
Maps xvii 31 The Politics of Boom and Bust

Tables xix
Figures xxi 1920–1932 720
Preface xxiii
32 The Great Depression and the New
Deal 1933–1939 742
22 The Ordeal of Reconstruction 1865–1877 465 33 Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Shadow of
War 1933–1941 769
34 America in World War II 1941–1945 789
Part Four
Forging an Industrial Society
1865–1909
Part Six
Making Modern America
23 Political Paralysis in the Gilded 1945 to the Present
Age 1869–1896 488
24 Industry Comes of Age 1865–1900 512 35 The Cold War Begins 1945–1952 820
25 America Moves to the City 1865–1900 539 36 American Zenith 1952–1963 850
26 The Great West and the Agricultural 37 The Stormy Sixties 1963–1973 884
Revolution 1865–1896 574
38 Challenges to the Postwar
27 Empire and Expansion 1890–1909 607 Order 1973–1980 911
39 The Resurgence of Conservatism
1980–1992 933
Part Five
Struggling for Justice 40 America Confronts the Post–Cold War Era
1992–2000 957
at Home and Abroad
41 The American People Face a New
1901–1945 Century 2001–2014 979
28 Progressivism and the Republican
Roosevelt 1901–1912 638 APPENDIX
29 Wilsonian Progressivism in Peace and
Documents A1
War 1913–1920 663 Tables A21
30 American Life in the “Roaring Glossary of Key Terms A27
Twenties” 1920–1929 692 Index I1
v
Contents
Maps xvii
Tables xix
Figures xxi
Preface xxiii
22 The Ordeal of Reconstruction 1865–1877 465
The defeated South • The freed slaves • President Andrew Johnson’s

Reconstruction policies • The Black Codes • Congressional Reconstruction
policies • Johnson clashes with Congress • Military Reconstruction, 1867–
1877 • Freed people enter politics • “Black Reconstruction” and the Ku Klux
Klan • The impeachment of Andrew Johnson • The legacy of Reconstruction
Chronology / Key Terms / People to Know / To Learn More 484–485
U E xamining the E vidence Letter from a Freedman to His Old
Master, 1865 468
Radical Republicans and Southern Democrats 473
Dallas Historical Society, Texas, USA /The Bridgeman Art Library
U C ontending V oices

U V arying V iewpoints How Radical Was Reconstruction? 483
Part Four
Forging an Industrial Society
1865–1909
486
23 Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age 1869–1896 488
Ulysses S. Grant, soldier-president • Corruption and reform in the post-Civil

War era • The depression of the 1870s • Political parties and partisans •
The Compromise of 1877 and the end of Reconstruction • The emergence of
Jim Crow • Class conflict and ethnic clashes • Grover Cleveland and the
Picture Research Consultants & Archives
tariff • Benjamin Harrison and the “Billion Dollar Congress” • The

Homestead Strike • The Populists • Depression and Dissent
U C ontending V oices The Spoils System 499
U M akers of A merica The Chinese 500
U V arying V iewpoints The Populists: Radicals or Reactionaries? 509
vii
viii • contents
24 Industry Comes of Age 1865–1900 512
The railroad boom • Speculators and financiers • Early efforts at government

regulation • The Rise of Mass Production • Lords of industry • The gospel
of wealth • Reining in the Trusts • Industry in the South • The laboring
classes • The rise of trade unions
Underwood Archives/Getty Images
U C ontending V oices Class and the Gilded Age 525
U E xamining the E vidence The Photography of Lewis W. Hine 531
U M akers of A merica The Knights of Labor 534
U V arying V iewpoints Industrialization: Boon or Blight? 537
25 America Moves to the City 1865–1900 539
The rise of the city • The “New Immigrants” • Settlement houses and social

workers • Nativists and immigration restriction • Churches in the city •
Evolution and education • Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois •
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division [LC-DIG-pga-00755]
The growth of higher education • The reading public • The “New Woman”

and the new morality • Realism reshapes American literature, art, and
architecture • The commercialization of popular entertainment
U M akers of A merica The Italians 544
U E xamining the E vidence Manuscript Census Data, 1900 548
U C ontending V oices The New Immigration 551
U M akers of A merica Pioneering Pragmatists 560
26 The Great West and the Agricultural Revolution

1865–1896 574
The conquest of the Indians • The mining and cattle frontiers • Free lands

and fraud • The fading frontier • The industrialization of agriculture •
Farmers protest • The People’s party • Workers in revolt • Bryan versus
McKinley, 1896
U C ontending V oices The Ghost Dance and the Wounded Knee Massacre 580
U M akers of A merica The Plains Indians 582
Bettmann/Corbis
U E xamining the E vidence Robert Louis Stevenson’s Transcontinental Journey,

1879 590
U T hinking G lobally The Great Frontier 592
U V arying V iewpoints Was the West Really “Won”? 604
contents • ix
27 Empire and Expansion 1890–1909 607
The sources of American expansionism • The Hawaii question • The

Spanish-American War, 1898 • The invasion of Cuba • Acquiring Puerto
Rico (1898) and the Philippines (1899) • Crushing the Filipino insurrection
• The Open Door in China • Theodore Roosevelt becomes president, 1901 •
The Panama Canal • Roosevelt on the world stage
Bettmann/Corbis
U C ontending V oices Debating Imperialism 617
U M akers of A merica The Puerto Ricans 618
U M akers of A merica The Filipinos 624
U T hinking G lobally The Age of Empire 630
U V arying V iewpoints Why Did America Become a World Power? 633
Part Five
Struggling for Justice at Home and Abroad
1901–1945
636
28 Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt 1901–1912 638
Campaigning against social injustice • The muckrakers • The politics of

progressivism • Women battle for reforms and against the saloon •
Roosevelt, labor, and the trusts • Consumer protection • Conservation •
Roosevelt’s legacy • The troubled presidency of William Howard Taft •
Museum of the City of New York. The Jacob A. Riis Collection
Taft’s “dollar diplomacy” • Roosevelt breaks with Taft • The election of

1912: The New Freedom versus the New Nationalism
U C ontending V oices Debating the Muckrakers 640
U T hinking G lobally “Why Is There No Socialism in the United States?” 642
U E xamining the E vidence Muller v. Oregon, 1908 648
U M akers of A merica The Environmentalists 652
U V arying V iewpoints Who Were the Progressives? 661
x • contents
29 Wilsonian Progressivism in Peace and War 1913–1920 663
Wilson the idealist • Tackling the tariff, the banks, and the trusts • Wilson’s
diplomacy in the Western Hemisphere • War in Europe and American
neutrality • The reelection of Wilson, 1916 • America goes to war, 1917 •
Wilsonian idealism and the Fourteen Points • Propaganda and civil liberties •
Workers, blacks, and women on the home front • The United States fights in
France • Peacemaking at Paris and the League of Nations • The Senate rejects
the Versailles Treaty
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division [LC-DIG-ppmsca-13492]
U C ontending V oices Battle of the Ballot 679

U E xamining the E vidence “Mademoiselle from Armentières” 683
U V arying V iewpoints Woodrow Wilson: Realist or Idealist? 689
30 American Life in the “Roaring Twenties” 1920–1929 692
The “red scare” • The KKK returns • Immigration restriction, 1921–1924 •

Prohibition and gangsterism • The Scopes trial • A mass-consumption
economy • The automobile age • Radio and the movies • Modernism
molds Jazz Age literature and culture • Economic boom and bust
Frank Driggs Collection/Hulton Archive/Getty Images

U M akers of A merica The Poles 698
U E xamining the E vidence The Jazz Singer, 1927 709
U C ontending V oices All That Jazz 710
U T hinking G lobally Modernism 714
contents • xi
31 The Politics of Boom and Bust 1920–1932 720
The Republicans return to power, 1921 • Disarmament and isolation • The

Harding scandals • Calvin Coolidge’s foreign policies • The international
debt snarl • Herbert Hoover, cautious progressive • The great crash, 1929 •
Hoover and the Great Depression • Aggression in Asia • “Good Neighbors”
in Latin America
Chronology / Key Terms / People to Know / To Learn More 741
U C ontending V oices Depression and Protection 732
Bettmann/Corbis
U E xamining the E vidence Lampooning Hoover, 1932 737
32 The Great Depression and the New Deal 1933–1939 742
Franklin D. Roosevelt as president • The Hundred Days Congress, 1933 •

Relief, recovery, and reform • Depression demagogues • Women in public
life • The National Recovery Administration • Aid for agriculture • The
dust bowl and the Tennessee Valley Authority • Housing and Social Security
• A new deal for labor • The election of 1936 • The Supreme Court fight,
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division [USF34-018227]
1937 • The New Deal assessed

U C ontending V oices The New Deal at High Tide 761
U V arying V iewpoints How Radical Was the New Deal? 766
33 Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Shadow of War 1933–1941 769
Roosevelt’s early foreign policies • German, Japanese, and Italian aggression

• The Neutrality Acts • The Spanish Civil War • Isolation and appeasement
• The horrors of the Holocaust • France falls and Britain totters • FDR’s
historic third term • The Lend-Lease Act and the Atlantic Charter, 1941 •
The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941
U C ontending V oices To Intervene or Not to Intervene 777
U E xamining the E vidence Public-Opinion Polling in the 1930s 778
Picture Research Consultants & Archives
xii • contents
34 America in World War II 1941–1945 789
The shock of war • The internment of Japanese Americans • Mobilizing the

economy • Women in wartime • The war’s effect on African Americans,
Native Americans, and Mexican Americans • The economic impact of war •
Turning the Japanese tide in the Pacific • Campaigns in North Africa (1942)
and Italy (1943) • “D-Day” in Normandy (France), June 6, 1944 • Germany
surrenders, May 1945 • The atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki,
Library of Congress
August 1945 • V-J Day, August 15, 1945
U M akers of A merica The Japanese 792
U C ontending V oices War and the Color Line 797
U E xamining the E vidence Franklin Roosevelt at Tehran, 1943 808
U T hinking G lobally America and the World in Depression and War: A Study
in Contrasts 812
U V arying V iewpoints The Atomic Bombs: Were They Justified? 815
Part Six
Making Modern America
1945 to the Present
818
35 The Cold War Begins 1945–1952 820
Harry S. Truman as president • Origins of the Cold War • The United

Nations and the postwar world • Communism and containment • The
Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and NATO • Domestic anti-
communism and the menace of McCarthyism • The Korean War, 1950–1953
The Michael Barson Collection/Picture Research Consultants & Archives
• Domestic policy in the Truman years • Postwar prosperity • The

“Sunbelt” and the suburbs • The postwar baby boom
U C ontending V oices Debating the Cold War 827
U M akers of A merica Scientists and Engineers 832
U M akers of A merica The Suburbanites 844
U V arying V iewpoints Who Was to Blame for the Cold War? 847
contents • xiii
36 American Zenith 1952–1963 850
Affluent America • Working women and feminism • Consumer culture in the

1950s • The election of Dwight D. Eisenhower • Desegregation and the civil
rights revolution • Eisenhower Republicanism • Cold War crises • The
space race and the arms race • The election of John F. Kennedy, 1960
• Postwar writers, painters, and architects • Kennedy’s New Frontier •
“Flexible response” and the Vietnam quagmire • Bay of Pigs invasion and
the Cuban missile crisis • The struggle for civil rights • Kennedy
assassinated, November 22, 1963
Chronology / Key Terms / People to Know / To Learn 882–883
U E xamining the E vidence Advertising Prosperity, 1956 852
U M akers of A merica The Great African American Migration 860
Bettmann/CORBIS
U C ontending V oices The “Kitchen Debate” 867

U E xamining the E vidence The Shopping Mall as New Town Square, 1960 869
U M akers of A merica The Beat Generation 872
37 The Stormy Sixties 1963–1973 884
Lyndon Baines Johnson takes charge • Johnson versus Goldwater, 1964 •

The Great Society • The civil rights revolution explodes • The Vietnam
disaster • The election of Richard Nixon, 1968 • The cultural upheavals of
the 1960s • Nixon and the Vietnam War • New policies toward China and
the Soviet Union • Nixon on the home front • Nixon trounces McGovern,
1972 • Israelis, Arabs, and oil
MPI/Archive Photos/Getty Images
U C ontending V oices Differing Visions of Black Freedom 890

U T hinking G lobally The Global 1960s 896
U V arying V iewpoints The Sixties: Constructive or Destructive? 908
xiv • contents
38 Challenges to the Postwar Order 1973–1980 911
The Watergate scandal and Nixon’s resignation • The politics of stagflation

• Gerald Ford’s foreign policy • Feminism • Desegregation and affirmative
action • The election of Jimmy Carter, 1976 • The energy crisis and inflation
• The political turn toward the market • The Iranian hostage humiliation
U E xamining the E vidence The “Smoking Gun” Tape, June 23, 1972,
10:04–11:39 a.m. 913
U T hinking G lobally The Era of Globalization 916
U M akers of A merica The Vietnamese 920
U M akers of A merica The Feminists 922
U C ontending V oices The Political Mobilization of Business 929
Henri Bureau/Sygma/Corbis
39 The Resurgence of Conservatism 1980–1992 933
The “New Right” and Reagan’s election, 1980 • Budget battles and tax cuts •
Reagan and the Soviets • Mikhail Gorbachev, Ronald Reagan, and the thawing
of the Cold War • The Iran-Contra scandal • Reagan’s economic legacy •
The religious right • Conservatism and the courts • The election of George
Bush, 1988 • The end of the Cold War • The Persian Gulf War, 1991 •
Bush’s battles at home
U C ontending V oices Who Ended the Cold War? 950
U V arying V iewpoints Where Did Modern Conservatism Come From? 954
AP Photo
40 America Confronts the Post–Cold War Era 1992–2000 957
The election of Bill Clinton, 1992 • A false start for reform • The Republican
congressional takeover, 1994 • Clinton’s comeback, 1996 • Racial progress
and perils • Trade, technology, and the 1990s boom • The feminist
revolution • Post-Cold War foreign policy • The Clinton impeachment trial
• The controversial 2000 election • Postmodern culture at the turn of the
© Wally McNamee/Sygma/Corbis
century
Chronology / Key Terms / People to Know / To Learn More 978
U M akers of A merica The Latinos 962
U C ontending V oices Welfare Reform Divides the Democrats 964
contents • xv
41 The American People Face a New Century 2001–2014 979
George W. Bush as president • The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 •

Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan • Bush’s bruising second term • Grappling
with the Great Recession • The election of Barack Obama, 2008 • Reform
and backlash • New directions in foreign policy • The politics of inequality
• A polarized republic • Surveillance and privacy in the Internet age • The
American prospect
John Zich/zrImages/Corbis
U E xamining the E vidence The National Security Strategy, 2002 983
U T hinking G lobally America Through Foreign Eyes: Hyperpower or Hapless
Power? 990
U C ontending V oices Populist Politics in a Polarized Age 997
A ppendix
Documents A1
Declaration of Independence • Constitution of the United States of America
Tables A21
Presidential Elections • Presidents and Vice Presidents • Admission of States
• Estimates of Total Costs and Number of Battle Deaths of Major U.S. Wars
Glossary of Key Terms A27
Index I1
MAPS
22.1 Military Reconstruction, 1867 (five districts and commanding generals) 476
22.2 Alaska and the Lower Forty-Eight States (a size comparison) 482
23.1 Hayes-Tilden Disputed Election of 1876 (with electoral vote by state) 494
23.2 A Southern Plantation, Before and After the Civil War 496
23.3 Presidential Election of 1892 (showing vote by county) 506
24.1 Federal Land Grants to Railroads 514
24.2 American Industry in 1900 529
25.1 Size of World Cities 1850–1900 540
25.2 Woman Suffrage Before the Nineteenth Amendment 564
26.1 Indian Wars, 1860–1890 577
26.2 Vanishing Lands 581
26.3 Cattle Trails 585
26.4 Average Annual Precipitation, with Major Agricultural Products, 1900 587
26.5 Myth and Reality in the West: Percentage of Federal Lands Within Each State, 2004 588
26.6 Presidential Election of 1896 (with electoral vote by state) 602
27.1 United States Expansion, 1857–1917 611
27.2 Dewey’s Route in the Philippines, 1898 613
27.3 The Cuban Campaign, 1898 615
27.4 The Great Powers and Their Colonial Possessions, 1913 631
28.1 Presidential Election of 1912 (showing votes by county, with electoral vote by state) 660
29.1 The United States in the Caribbean, 1898–1941 667
29.2 British Military Area (declared November 3, 1914) and German Submarine War Zone (declared
February 4, 1915) 670
29.4 Major U.S. Operations in France, 1918 682
31.1 Presidential Election of 1924 (showing popular vote by county) 728
32.1 The Extent of Erosion in the 1930s 756
32.2 TVA Area 757
33.2 Main Flow of Lend-Lease Aid (width of arrows indicates relative amount) 783
34.1 Internal Migration in the United States During World War II 796
34.2 Corregidor and Bataan 800
34.3 United States Thrusts in the Pacific, 1942–1945 801
34.4 World War II in Europe and North Africa, 1939–1945 805
34.5 Battle of the Bulge, December 1944–January 1945 807
35.1 Postwar Partition of Germany 825
35.2 United States Foreign Aid, Military and Economic, 1945–1954 828
35.3 The Shifting Front in Korea 834
35.4 Distribution of Population Increase, 1950–2013 843
xvii
xviii • maps
36.3 Vietnam and Southeast Asia, 1954–1975 878

37.1 Presidential Election of 1964 886
39.2 The Middle East 939
39.3 Central America and the Caribbean 940
39.4 The End of the Cold War Changed the Map of Europe 949
39.5 Operation Desert Storm: The Ground War, February 23–27, 1991 951
41.1 Iraq in Transition 985
41.2 Presidential Election of 2008 993
41.3 Demography Is (Political) Destiny 995
41.4 America in Red and Blue 1001
TABLES
22.2 Southern Reconstruction by State 477
23.1 Composition of the Electoral Commission, 1877 494
23.2 Persons in United States Lynched (by race), 1882–2012 497
23.3 Population of Chinese Ancestry in the United States, 1850–2010 501
25.1 Educational Levels, 1870–2011 556
25.2 Marriages and Divorces, 1890–2011 562
29.1 Principal Foreign Elements in the United States, Census of 1910 669
29.2 U.S. Exports to Belligerents, 1914–1916 670
29.3 A Chronology of Women’s Right to Vote in National Elections in Selected Nations 680
32.1 Principal New Deal Acts During the Hundred Days Congress, 1933 (items in parentheses indicate
secondary purposes) 746
32.2 Later Major New Deal Measures, 1933–1939 (items in parentheses indicate secondary purposes) 749
34.1 The Comparative Costs of World War II 813
36.1 Occupational Distribution of Workingwomen, 1900–2010 851
38.1 International Trade, 1948–2012 917
40.1 Working Women: Labor Force Participation Rates for Wives and Mothers, 1950–2011 970
41.1 World Public Opinion of the United States 991
41.2 Widening Income Inequality 998
41.3 Who Pays Federal Income Taxes? (share of U.S. income tax, by income percentile) 1000
Table A.1 Presidential Elections A21
Table A.2 Presidents and Vice Presidents A24
Table A.3 Admission of States A26
Table A.4 Estimates of Total Costs and Number of Battle Deaths of Major U.S. Wars A26
xix
figures
23.1 Civil-Service Employment 499
24.1 Railroads Worldwide, 1889 513
24.2 Cotton Manufacturing Moves South, 1880–1980 527
24.3 World Cotton Production, 1903 528
25.1 The Shift to the American City 540
25.2 Dumbbell Tenement 542
25.3 Annual Immigration, 1860–2010 543
25.4 Old and New Immigration (by decade, 1871–1920) 543
26.1 Homesteads from the Public Lands (acreage legally transferred to private ownership) 586
29.1 Organization of Holding Companies 665
29.2 Approximate Comparative Losses in World War I 684
30.1 Annual Immigration and the Quota Laws 696
30.2 The Cost of a Model T Ford, 1908–1924 704
30.3 International Comparison of Number of Automobiles 704
31.1 Limits Imposed by Washington Conference, 1921–1922 723
31.2 Aspects of the Financial Merry-go-round, 1921–1933 729
31.3 Index of Common Stock Prices
(1926 = 100) 733
32.1 Bank Failures Before and After the Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act of 1933 747
32.2 Occupied Households with Electric Service, 1900–1960 758
32.3 Labor Union Membership in Selected Countries, 1913–2012 760
32.4 Economic Impact of the Great Depression on the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany,
1929–1940 763
34.1 The National Debt, 1930–1950 799
35.1 Demographic Profile of Women, Minorities, and the Foreign-Born in Nonacademic Science and
Engineering Occupations, 1980–2010 833
35.2 National Defense Budget, 1940–2014 841
36.1 Women in the Labor Force, 1900–2012 853
36.2 Households with Television Sets, 1946–1960 853
37.1 Poverty in the United States, 1960–2012 888
38.1 Median Household Income, 1970–2012 914
38.2 The History of the Consumer Price Index, 1967–2013 928
39.1 The National Debt, 1930–2013 943
39.2 Share of Income Received by Families, by Quintile, 1980–2012 944
40.1 Recent Legal Immigration by Area of Origin, 1961–2012 961
40.2 Sources of Latino Population in the United States, 2012 963
xxi
xxii • figures
40.3 Percent of Total Population Living in Metropolitan Areas and in Their Central Cities and Suburbs,
1910–2010 965
40.4 Women in the Work Force Globally, 2011 968
41.1 Deficits into Surpluses and Back Again 980
41.2 Ethnic and Religious Groups in Iraq, by Percent of Total Population (ca. 32,500,000)
in 2014 985
41.3 The Great Recession Takes Hold 992
41.4 How the United States Measures Up 1000
41.5 Government Expenditures for Social Welfare, 1930–2013 1003
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Pepys and James Boswell can write immortal books, the moral for
the rest of us is that a little honesty is not a dangerous thing.
And so I swing back to the place of beginning and say that while
even a sham confession may be interesting to hoi polloi, yet to
secure an endorsement from such minds as that of Emerson,
George Eliot and Walt Whitman the confession must be genuine.
Elbert Hubbard.
THE SOCIAL SPOTTER.
“Why don’t the young folks marry?” continues, in the intervals of
other jeremiad problems, to puzzle the good people who call
themselves publicists, having a brevet authority to set everything
right in the world. It is assumed that if the young people would only
marry up to the full proportion, most of the ills that afflict an over-
civilized and over-sensitized society would cure themselves. The
young people would have something else to do besides “dabbling in
the fount of fictive tears” and inventing new wants. The old ones
would suffice, when multiplied in kind after the usual fashion.
It is an old story that young men are afraid of the cost of marriage.
The girls are less simple than their mothers and complexity in
matters of taste means expense. A clever verse writer has told of the
hardships of a pair who wooed on a bicycle built for two and
afterwards tried to live on a salary built for one. It is funny in the
telling but tragic in the living. It is a trying business to keep up to
concert pitch in these days.
The complexity of social expression is not the only
But is she
dragon in the way. We have adopted from abroad
warranted
something French. It came via England, but France is
harmless
its origin. It is the Chaperone. She is usually harmless ?
personally, but she means a great deal. She stands
for a state of society where marriage is always a failure. Ask Emile
Zola if you don’t believe it. “Modern Marriage” has the specifications.
We have good women and manly men in America. The grisette isn’t
an institution with us. Neither is the man who supports her until he is
rich enough to make a French marriage. We have him and we have
her, but neither is universal. The mariage de convenance and the
institution which precedes it in France are not general with us. The
chaperone is part of the system with them. The chaperone implies
the others. She is a standing notice that young man and young
woman are not to be trusted together. In some of our cities it is such
very good “good form” to send a guardian with young people that a
woman of over twenty-five has been known to cancel an
engagement to attend a company which she had anxiously wanted
to enjoy and for which she had made great preparation, because a
married sister could not accompany her. She would not go without a
chaperone. It was not “good form.”
O ye gods, Good Form! What was good form, and who
promulgated its laws, when the father and mother of us all, better
than any of us, walked with the Creator of the universe in the garden
in the cool of the day? But “evil came into the world” and changed it.
Yes, the evil of “good form,” the embodied self-consciousness which
chains all the virtues and makes the decencies compulsory and puts
on them the brand of the police blotter.
In the name of all that is good why should we watch the young
people? The middle-aged need it more. Youth is chivalrous. Middle
age is commonplace. It is not youth that
Eats for his stomach and drinks for his head,

And loves for his pleasure—and ’tis time he was dead.
Chaperon the married victims of the French system. Put the

spotter on the track of the woman who was taught she couldn’t trust
herself when she was young and the man was complacently
branded a roue when his heart was fresh and warm.
It is time for a new declaration of independence, and the youth of
our land should make it. Let Young America say this: “The woman I
cannot honorably woo, whose care at a social gathering is denied
me without a policeman and a spy, may find another knight.” Let the
maidens of our day, better cultured than their mothers, broader in
their training, surer of their social footing, stronger in their poise and
presence of mind, bar out the man who comes into their presence
under a ban.
How long would the hollow mockery of “good form” endure such a
strike? As many minutes as it should take to show its utter falsehood
and the cruel slander it implies. Until the young people so assert
themselves the imitated bars sinister of the most corrupt social
heraldry of Europe will be ours—worn with an affectation of pride in
the dishonor they blazon. Till then men will be equalized down, not
up; and the talk of “emancipated woman” will be an insult. When it is
done there will be more marriages of the kind to be desired—the
union of true men and self-respecting women.
William McIntosh.
THE CHATTER OF A DEATH-DEMON
FROM A TREE-TOP.
BLOOD—BLOOD AND TORN GRASS—
HAD MARKED THE RISE OF HIS AGONY—
THIS LONE HUNTER.
THE GREY-GREEN WOODS IMPASSIVE
HAD WATCHED THE THRESHING OF HIS LIMBS.
A CANOE WITH FLASHING PADDLE,

A GIRL WITH SOFT, SEARCHING EYES,
A CALL: “JOHN!”
...
COME, ARISE, HUNTER!

LIFT YOUR GREY FACE!
CAN YOU NOT HEAR?
THE CHATTER OF A DEATH-DEMON FROM A TREE-TOP.
Stephen Crane.
THE STORY OF THE LITTLE SISTER.
When I first knew her she was a very little girl in a white dress—
starched very stiff—and she might have reminded me of Molly in the
diverting story of Sir Charles Danvers.
I was devoted to her sister and I remember her galumphing into
the room at a most inopportune time, and staring for a moment with
eyes very wide open. Then she ran away and I heard her outside
giggling quietly all by herself.
When the big sister went away for the summer I went out to the
house to tell her good-by. The great trunk stood in the hall waiting for
Charlie Miller’s man. Seated on top of this was the little sister with
two round bottles held close to her eyes. She said she was playing
theater, and that the bottles made a lovely opera glass.
I asked her what the play was and she said about a pretty lady
who was pursued by lions and dragons and things. Then there was a
man—a big, nice man—who came with guns and swords and spears
and killed all the dragons and lions and then he married the pretty
lady.
This was her imagination.
Then I went away—I forget where—and was gone many years. I
came back to be best man at the wedding of my cousin Anthony. I
found that the little sister was to be the maid of honor, and at the
various functions before the wedding I saw much of her.
After the ceremony we walked down the aisle together, and as she
took my arm her hand trembled. When we reached the entrance I
turned and looked square into her glorious eyes. They told me many
things that I was glad to know.
Now—after a year—I am trying to live up to the ideal man she
imagined me to be.
And that’s what makes it hard.
H. P. T.
Many of the newspapers which have noticed The Philistine have

expressed their inability to find East Aurora on the map. All the map
makers are hereby authorized to print a large red ring around the
name of the home of The Philistine hereafter, but for the benefit of
those who pine for immediate knowledge, I clip the following from
Bradstreet’s:
East Aurora, Erie Co., pop. 2000, 1880. Bank 1,

newspapers 2, Am. Ex., W. N. Y. & P. R. R., 17 miles fr.
Buffalo. Headquarters Cloverfield combination of cheese
factories. Home of Mambrino King.* Product: ginger.
* Mambrino King is a horse.
THE BLUFF.
DRAWING BY PLUG HAZEN-PLUG.
side talks with the philistines:
being sundry bits of wisdom
which have been heretofore
secreted, and are now set
forth in print.
If I had seen it announcing a special feature in the World or
Herald for a coming Sunday, I would not have been surprised, but to
find the following paragraph in the editorial columns of The Land of
Sunshine fills me with wonder:
Up to date The Land of Sunshine is the only periodical in

the world whose cover is embellished with drawings by the
Almighty.
It would be interesting to know what the Recording Angel thinks of

Mr. Lummis’s coupling of the High Court of Heaven and Aubrey
Beardsley. Now if Mr. Lummis could only get his editorials from the
same source——
When Shem Rock, Ham Garland and Japhet Bumball
conspired to spring on an unsuspecting world that three-cornered
story entitled The Land of the Straddle Bug, they bought two whole
bushels of hyphens. In one chapter, by actual count, forty-seven
compound words are used. They have even hyphenated such words
as dod-rot, dodd-mead, slap-jack, goll-darn, do-tell and gee-whiz.
Ham’s own pet “yeh” is used in the story sixty-four times, which does
not include four plain “you’s” and three “ye’s,” where the Only
Original Lynx-eyed Proof-reader nodded.
It is published that the Post contemplated a change in the
appearance and make-up of the paper, but gave up the scheme lest
it shock the readers of Mr. Godkin’s Evening Grandmother. What
would shock the readers more would be the appearance of life
somewhere about the sheet. I would respectfully call the attention of
the editors of the Post to the fate which befell the Assyrians. It is
written in Isaiah XXXVII—36: Then the angel of the Lord went forth
and smote in the camp of the Assyrians a hundred and four score
and five thousand; and when they arose in the morning: behold, they
were all dead corpses.
The Philistine’s plea is for the widest liberty to individual
genius. Perhaps no living man has presented this plea so strongly in
his life and work as William Morris. The poem herein printed is a
taste of this strong man’s quality. It is taken from that dainty bundle
of beautiful things entitled, Love Lyrics.
In that very charming article by Mr. Zangwill in the last Chap
Book, mention is made of the utter impossibility of stating a truth so
that the majority will remember or recognize it when they see it again
—so shallow is human wit. In The Philistine for July I made bold to
insert an extract from the Bible. No credit was given, however, and
the matter was re-paragraphed. And now, behold, a Chicago paper
arises and calls the quotation rot; several other publications refute
the scriptural statements and a weekly that is very wise in its day
and generation refers to my irreverence in writing in Bible style.
In the Popular Science Monthly for July a Dr. Oppenheimer
announces the interesting discovery why children lie. It has been
supposed that they lie, as a general thing, because they want
something, but it appears that it is because they have something, in
the French sense. It isn’t inherent viciousness but disease. The
doctor says:
The children usually are suffering from disorders of mind or

body, or both, which radically interfere with the transmission
of conceptions and perceptions from the internal to the
external processes of expression, so that they really are
unable to be more exact than they seem.
This seems to explain several things about our good friends

Landon and Townsend—G. A.
The London Athenæum says “Stephen Crane is the coming
Boozy Prophet of America; his lines send the cold chills streaking up
one’s spine, and we are in error if his genius does not yet sweep all
other literary fads from the board.”
All of which strikes me as a boozier bit of cymbalism than any of
Mr. Crane’s verses.
On the authority of the New York Sun, afternoon teas are
growing more and more realistic. That arbiter of etiquette says:
The formality of bidding adieu to the hostess at an

afternoon tea is now dispensed with; the omission is
considered with favor and in good taste. No after calls are
made in acknowledgement of a tea.
The little trifle of ceremony that stood for courtesy is about all cast
aside. The program now is—Greet, Eat and Git.
I observe that Mr. Andrew Lang is to write some verses to be
read at a dinner of the Omar Club in London “on some future
occasion.” I shall watch for these with much interest, remembering,
meanwhile, these verses recently read before that remarkable
organization:
We envy not the saint what bliss he hath:

Still let him cheer his puritanic path
With what of joy his joyless rules permit:
The beer of ginger and the bun of Bath.
We plunder not the Pharasaic fold

Whose drinks are new, whose jests and maidens old;
Content to cherish what the Dervish hates,
The cup of ruby and the curls of gold.
It is noted that Mr. W. Irving Way of Chicago was present at the

last Omar club dinner. He should give us some notable
reminiscences of the feast.
Speaking of Way, I hear that he has gone into the publishing
business in Chicago. As a critic of the mechanical construction of
books he is supreme, but I wonder will his publishing be that of
literature or wool from the wild west.
“You have us down one dollar for dog tax. I’d have you know
we keep no dog,” said the man to the tax gatherer.
“I understand,” answered the publican, “but you subscribe to the
Albany Argus!”
Buffalo, N. Y., has a Young Ladies’ Magazine. It has a beautiful
picture of a skirt dance on the cover of its prospectus, which is ever
so much more interesting than Mr. Bok’s Bermuda lily gatherer
seven feet tall.
Now that Robert Louis Stevenson’s will has been published in
full text as a feature story, perhaps Mr. So So McClure may desist.
The will is almost as thrilling as a market report. Its publication
explains in part, however, how the cheap magazine movement is
founded. Next we shall see the weather and a Congressional debate
among the contents of the cheap-books.
Prizes are offered in Judge Tourgee’s Basin to preachers,
women and “colored writers,” for short stories. The Judge is bound to
keep solid with the three sexes as he understands them.
It is matter of record in McClure’s that Edmund Goose’s poem
on Samoa, which it prints, “reached Robert Louis Stevenson three
days before his death.” There is a horrible suggestion in the little
nonpareil footnote that the poem may have hastened that sad event.
It’s bad enough.
A LYRIC OF JOY.
Over the shoulders and slopes of the dune
I saw the white daisies go down to the sea.
—Bliss Carman, in July Century.
Over the ballast, the ropes and the chairs,

I see the fat picnicers clamber galore,
And struggle for seats by the rail near the stairs,
To fry in the sun when they steam from the shore.
The barker has rallied them out of the town
To sands stretching white in the pitiless glare;
And all of their talk as the calm night comes down
Is the crush going back and the bargain day fare.
M’Liss Cowboy.
Ham Garland has gone up the coulee to his farm near La

Crosse and is writing another novel. He is daily in receipt of letters
and telegrams from people in all parts of the country asking him to
pull the coulee up after him.
In a recent number of the Chip-Munk it is said the intelligent
compositor set it Charles G——d— Roberts; and the Only Original
Lynx-Eyed being on a journey the whole edition was printed. It was
one of those very aggravating mistakes that will occasionally occur
even in printerys which print things on the finest paper.
I greet with exceeding joy the name of a new writer of stories
which appeal to me as being above the plane of universal grayness
which we have viewed for many months, and for this reason I am
glad to see A Very Remarkable Girl in the quarterly issued by Town
Topics. The author of this story is Mr. L. H. Bickford of Denver, and
the editor of Town Topics says that he has heretofore been
unacquainted with Mr. Bickford’s work. For many years I have
watched the development of this young author, and if I am not much
mistaken he will yet be heard from in no uncertain way. I do not
believe that the public has any business with the private life of
writers, but it may be said that Mr. Bickford is twenty-six, and was
born in Leadville, Colorado. For a half hour’s entertainment, reading
aloud in a hammock, I know of nothing better than A Very
Remarkable Girl. It is suggestive of the signs of the times.
Good form has determined that special attentions at a time of
bereavement are to be recognized by sending engraved cards.
Some people used to send letters of thanks for sympathy, but of
course cards are more impressive. A coupon scheme has been
suggested, the thanks to be attached to a ticket to the funeral.
And furthermore be it known that the marginal notes opposite
articles in The Philistine are never supplied by the authors thereof.
A man in Paris sends me the following delicious bit clipped from
the Paris edition of the New York Herald of April 1:
New York, March 31.—The Herald’s leading editorial to-

day says that many surprises await us in heaven.
I regret not seeing this editorial of March 31. I imagine, however,

that it related to Reginald de Koven and his surprise—when he gets
there—at finding he cannot write all the choir music.
But then—is Egotism Art?
MEDITATIONS IN MOTLEY.
By WALTER BLACKBURN HARTE
“Meditations in Motley” reveals a new American

essayist, honest and whimsical, with a good deal of
decorative plain speaking. An occasional carelessness
of style is redeemed by unfailing insight.—I. Zangwill
in The Pall Mall Magazine for April, 1895.
A series of well written essays, remarkable on the
whole for observation, refinement of feeling and literary
sense. The book may be taken as a wholesome protest
against the utilitarian efforts of the Time-Spirit, and as a
plea for the rights and liberties of the imagination. We
congratulate Mr. Harte on the success of his book.—
Public Opinion, London, England.
Mr. Harte is not always so good in the piece as in the
pattern, but he is often a pleasant companion, and I
have met with no volume of essays from America since
Miss Agnes Repplier’s so good as his “Meditations in
Motley.”—Richard Le Gallienne, in the London
Review.
PRICE, CLOTH $1.25.

For sale by all Booksellers, or sent postpaid on
receipt of price by The Philistine.
LITTLE JOURNEYS
To the Homes of Good Men and Great.
A series of literary studies published in monthly
numbers, tastefully printed on hand-made paper, with
attractive title-page.
By ELBERT HUBBARD
The publishers announce that Little
Journeys will be issued monthly and that each
number will treat of recent visits made by Mr.
Elbert Hubbard to the homes and haunts of
various eminent persons. The subjects for the first
twelve numbers have been arranged as follows:
1. George Eliot
2. Thomas Carlyle
3. John Ruskin
4. W. E. Gladstone
5. J. M. W. Turner
6. Jonathan Swift
7. Victor Hugo
8. Wm. Wordsworth
9. W. M. Thackeray
10. Charles Dickens
11. Oliver Goldsmith
12. Shakespeare
LITTLE JOURNEYS:
Published Monthly, 50 cents a year. Single copies,
5 cents, postage paid.
Published by G. P. PUTNAM’S SONS,
27 and 39 West 23d Street, New York.
24 Bedford Street, Strand, London.
*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE
PHILISTINE ***
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Gardner’s Art through the Ages: A Global History,

Maps ​ xvii 31 The Politics of Boom and Bust

22 ​ The Ordeal of Reconstruction ​ 1865–1877 465

The defeated South ​• ​The freed slaves ​• ​President Andrew Johnson’s

U ​C ontending V oices ​

23 ​ Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age ​ 1869–1896 488

Ulysses S. Grant, soldier-president ​• ​Corruption and reform in the post-Civil

tariff ​ • ​Benjamin Harrison and the “Billion Dollar Congress” ​• ​The

24 ​ Industry Comes of Age ​ 1865–1900 512

The railroad boom ​• ​Speculators and financiers ​• ​Early efforts at government

25 ​ America Moves to the City ​ 1865–1900 539

The rise of the city ​• ​The “New Immigrants” ​• ​Settlement houses and social

The growth of higher education ​• ​The reading public ​• ​The “New Woman”

26 ​ The Great West and the Agricultural Revolution ​

The conquest of the Indians ​• ​The mining and cattle frontiers ​• ​Free lands

U ​E xamining the E vidence ​ ​Robert Louis Stevenson’s Transcontinental Journey,

27 ​ Empire and Expansion ​ 1890–1909 607

The sources of American expansionism ​• ​The Hawaii question ​• ​The

28 ​ Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt ​ 1901–1912 638

Campaigning against social injustice ​• ​ The muckrakers ​• ​The politics of

Taft’s “dollar diplomacy” ​• ​Roosevelt breaks with Taft ​• ​The election of

29 ​ Wilsonian Progressivism in Peace and War ​ 1913–1920 663

U ​C ontending V oices ​ Battle of the Ballot ​ 679

30 ​ American Life in the “Roaring Twenties” ​ 1920–1929 692

The “red scare” ​• ​The KKK returns ​• ​Immigration restriction, 1921–1924 ​• ​

Chronology ​/ ​Key Terms ​/ ​People to Know ​/ ​To Learn More ​ 718–719

31 ​ The Politics of Boom and Bust ​ 1920–1932 720

The Republicans return to power, 1921 ​• ​Disarmament and isolation ​• ​The

32 ​ The Great Depression and the New Deal ​ 1933–1939 742

Franklin D. Roosevelt as president ​• ​The Hundred Days Congress, 1933 ​• ​

1937 ​• ​The New Deal assessed

33 ​ Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Shadow of War ​ 1933–1941 769

Roosevelt’s early foreign policies ​• ​German, Japanese, and Italian aggression ​

34 ​ America in World War II ​ 1941–1945 789

The shock of war ​• ​The internment of Japanese Americans ​• ​Mobilizing the

35 ​ The Cold War Begins ​ 1945–1952 820

Harry S. Truman as president ​• ​Origins of the Cold War ​• ​The United

• ​Domestic policy in the Truman years ​• ​Postwar prosperity ​• ​The

36 ​ American Zenith ​ 1952–1963 850

Affluent America ​• ​Working women and feminism ​• ​Consumer culture in the

U ​C ontending V oices ​ The “Kitchen Debate” ​ 867

37 ​ The Stormy Sixties ​ 1963–1973 884

Lyndon Baines Johnson takes charge ​• ​Johnson versus Goldwater, 1964 ​• ​

U ​C ontending V oices ​ Differing Visions of Black Freedom ​ 890

38 ​ Challenges to the Postwar Order ​ 1973–1980 911

The Watergate scandal and Nixon’s resignation ​• ​The politics of stagflation ​

39 ​ The Resurgence of Conservatism ​ 1980–1992 933

40 ​ America Confronts the Post–Cold War Era ​ 1992–2000 957

41 ​ The American People Face a New Century ​ 2001–2014 979

George W. Bush as president ​• ​The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 ​• ​

36.3 Vietnam and Southeast Asia, 1954–1975 878

Eats for his stomach and drinks for his head,

Chaperon the married victims of the French system. Put the

A CANOE WITH FLASHING PADDLE,

COME, ARISE, HUNTER!

Maps xvii 31 The Politics of Boom and Bust

22 The Ordeal of Reconstruction 1865–1877 465

The defeated South • The freed slaves • President Andrew Johnson’s

U C ontending V oices

23 Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age 1869–1896 488

Ulysses S. Grant, soldier-president • Corruption and reform in the post-Civil

tariff • Benjamin Harrison and the “Billion Dollar Congress” • The

24 Industry Comes of Age 1865–1900 512

The railroad boom • Speculators and financiers • Early efforts at government

25 America Moves to the City 1865–1900 539

The rise of the city • The “New Immigrants” • Settlement houses and social

The growth of higher education • The reading public • The “New Woman”

26 The Great West and the Agricultural Revolution

The conquest of the Indians • The mining and cattle frontiers • Free lands

U E xamining the E vidence Robert Louis Stevenson’s Transcontinental Journey,

27 Empire and Expansion 1890–1909 607

The sources of American expansionism • The Hawaii question • The

28 Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt 1901–1912 638

Campaigning against social injustice • The muckrakers • The politics of

Taft’s “dollar diplomacy” • Roosevelt breaks with Taft • The election of

29 Wilsonian Progressivism in Peace and War 1913–1920 663

U C ontending V oices Battle of the Ballot 679

30 American Life in the “Roaring Twenties” 1920–1929 692

The “red scare” • The KKK returns • Immigration restriction, 1921–1924 •

Chronology / Key Terms / People to Know / To Learn More 718–719

31 The Politics of Boom and Bust 1920–1932 720

The Republicans return to power, 1921 • Disarmament and isolation • The

32 The Great Depression and the New Deal 1933–1939 742

Franklin D. Roosevelt as president • The Hundred Days Congress, 1933 •

1937 • The New Deal assessed

33 Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Shadow of War 1933–1941 769

Roosevelt’s early foreign policies • German, Japanese, and Italian aggression

34 America in World War II 1941–1945 789

The shock of war • The internment of Japanese Americans • Mobilizing the

35 The Cold War Begins 1945–1952 820

Harry S. Truman as president • Origins of the Cold War • The United

• Domestic policy in the Truman years • Postwar prosperity • The

36 American Zenith 1952–1963 850

Affluent America • Working women and feminism • Consumer culture in the

U C ontending V oices The “Kitchen Debate” 867

37 The Stormy Sixties 1963–1973 884

Lyndon Baines Johnson takes charge • Johnson versus Goldwater, 1964 •

U C ontending V oices Differing Visions of Black Freedom 890

38 Challenges to the Postwar Order 1973–1980 911

The Watergate scandal and Nixon’s resignation • The politics of stagflation

39 The Resurgence of Conservatism 1980–1992 933

40 America Confronts the Post–Cold War Era 1992–2000 957

41 The American People Face a New Century 2001–2014 979

George W. Bush as president • The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 •