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Distribution
Chapter 1 An Introduction to
Environmental Science
Chapter 1, Lesson 1
MAP IT (p. 10)
1. Color is used to indicate the range of a nation's ecologi-
cal footprint. Green indicates a sustainable ecological
footprint. Orange, red, and dark red indicate that a
nation has exceeded a sustainable footprint.
2. Sample answer: United States, Australia, Denmark,
Estonia, and Kuwait. (Oman, U.A.E, Qatar, and Trinidad
and Tobago are also dark red.)
3. Wealthy countries tend to have large ecological
footprints.
LESSON 1 ASSESSMENT (p. 11)
1. Environmental science not only studies how the natural
world works, but also investigates how humans and the
environment
which studiesaffect each other.interact
how organisms So, in this
withway, ecology—
their environ-
ments—is part of environmental science.
2. Answers will vary, but should reflect knowledge of the
benefits and costs of the Agricultural and Industrial
revolutions.
3. Sample answer: All lobster fishers in the area have to
agree on regulations such as when and where they can
fish and the number of traps each can use.
Chapter 1, Lesson 2
GO OUTSIDE (p. 19)
1. Students should notice that decimals make metric mea-
surements easier to record and convert.
2. Answers will vary. Students may mention liter bottles.
LESSON 2 ASSESSMENT (p. 20)
1. Science deals exclusively with the natural world and
relies on evidence. Science is also constantly changing as
more data is gathered.
2. Sample answer: Science is a process, not just a collection
of facts. Definitions will vary.
3. Sample answer: Science does not proceed linearly; it also
involves constant influences from the larger scientific
community and from society.
Chapter 1, Lesson 3
QUICK LAB (p. 22)
1. Answers will vary.
2. Sample answer: So other scientists can replicate the pro-
cedures and results
LESSON 3 ASSESSMENT (p. 27)
1. Sample answer: I would recommend peer-reviewed
articles because I know that they have been read and
evaluated by scientists.
2. Sample answer: Individuals and governments interpret
and react to science based on their ethical standards and
their worldview.
3. Answers will vary.
Chapter 1 Assessment (pp. 31–33)
REVIEW CONCEPTS AND TERMS
1. c 2. d 3. c 4. b 5. c 6. a 7. b 8. d 9. d
MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE
10. False; Environmental science
11.
12. False;
False; Agricultural Revolution
Dependent variables
13. True
14. False; Ecocentrism
READING COMPREHENSION
15. b 16. c 17. b
SHORT ANSWER
18. It’s the idea that unless resources are regulated, humans
will eventually use them up. If no one takes responsibility,
everyone will eventually lose.
19. Thomas Malthus was a British economist. He wrote an
essay describing how human population growth must be
controlled or else it would outgrow the available food sup-
ply until starvation, war, or disease reduced the population.
20. It means that the resource is used in a way that can con-
tinue at the same rate into the foreseeable future.
21. Scientists use models to generate predictions when they
cannot observe a phenomenon directly.
22. The independent variable is the one that is manipulated
in an experiment or observation, so its alternative name
is the “manipulated” variable.
23. It is an effort to promote the fair and equitable treatment
of all people with respect to environmental policy and
practice, regardless of their income, race, or ethnicity.
CRITICAL THINKING
24. The Agricultural Revolution started about 10,000 years
ago. It introduced an agricultural way of life and enabled
people to live longer and produce more surviving chil-
dren. The Industrial Revolution occurred about 300 years
ago. It shifted many people from a rural lifestyle to an
urban one. The technological advances enabled people
to live longer, healthier lives.
25. (a) wave energy: renewable, (b) oil: nonrenewable, (c)
soil: in between, (d) sunlight: renewable, (e) fresh water:
in between, (f) timber: in between; An “in between”
resource is one that can turn nonrenewable if it is not
used sustainably.
26. Experiments and observational studies are both ways to
gather data. Both involve variables. An experiment is an
activity specifically designed to test the validity of a pre-
diction or a hypothesis. In an observational study, scien-
tists look for evidence in the natural world that would help
confirm or contradict the predictions generated by their
hypotheses.

Environmental Science A–1

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